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Academic literature on the topic 'Propriétés multiphysiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Propriétés multiphysiques"
Gourlay, E., P. Glé, L. Arnaud, and E. Gourdon. "Propriétés multiphysiques des bétons de chanvre." Matériaux & Techniques 99, no. 6 (2011): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2011021.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Propriétés multiphysiques"
Alhaik, Ghaith. "Influence de l'amidon sur les propriétés rhéologiques, mécaniques et multiphysiques de formulations terre-paille." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0205/document.
Full textThe eco-construction responds to the need to reduce the environmental footprint in the sector of construction through the use of proximity resources (e.g. earth, straw, etc.), without energy-intensive transformation and through the thermohydric regulation capacity of walls. Raw earth alone or in association with straw is a symbol. But variable characteristics according to its origin, a long drying time and low mechanical strengths are brakes to its use. Earth material in association with biosourced admixtures such as starch, already used in the manufacturing of plasterboard, represents an interesting way to improve its performances.The thesis aims to study the influence of starch on the physico-mechanical behavior of the earth alone or with straw. The intended application of the study is the prefabrication of non-load-bearing construction products. The designed mixes include quarry fines (QF), hemp or flax straw and various starches.The first part of this work deals with earth-starch mixes. Viscometer tests were defined modified Bingham as the rheological behavior of mixes and showed an increase in thixotropy. In hardened state, the mechanical strengths are better with starch.The second part deals with earth-straw-starch mixes. Starch improves the workability and the mechanical strengths measured under different storage conditions. At the scale of a block, the mechanical, thermal and acoustic performances of some mixes are comparable to those of plaster blocks
Lagouin, Méryl. "Caractérisation et optimisation multiphysiques d'une paroi bicouche bio et géosourcée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30258.
Full textAs a key sector in the fight against climate change and in the energy transition, the building industry must re-think and transform its activity. The use of raw and bio-based materials can help to respond to this environmental challenge effectively, enabling natural resources to be saved thanks to the recovery of agricultural waste and by-products, the consumption of fossil raw materials to be reduced, greenhouse gas emissions to be limited, and new economic sectors to be created and developed. In this context, this thesis research project aims to develop a constructive bio- and geo-based solution with low environmental impact. A thermally self-insulating vegetal concrete, used to fill a load-bearing structure, is considered. For the mix design of this lightweight concrete, the potential of two agricultural by-products, maize and sunflower, is evaluated. These two locally available aggregates are considered as substitutes for hemp shiv, which is currently the most commonly used of such products even though little is available. They are then mixed with a binder. Two mineral matrices are considered in the study: a lime-based preformulated binder and a metakaolin-based pozzolanic binder. The exploration of the microstructure of both vegetal concretes and their components, together with studies of the chemical interactions between the lignocellulosic particles and the mineral binder, provide a better understanding of the hygrothermal and mechanical performances of the bio-based materials developed. The very open and interconnected pore structure of pozzolanic-based composites is responsible for their higher moisture buffering capacity than those obtained with lime-based materials, while the water-soluble components of maize disturb the setting time and the mechanical behaviour of mineral binders after hardening, thus preventing the use of maize-based concrete in construction. From the standpoint of suitability for use, pozzolanic binder and sunflower bark chips appear to be the most promising combination of raw materials for designing a hygrothermally and mechanically effective bio-aggregate based concrete. In practice, vegetal concrete walls are rarely left uncoated in a building. The presence of wall coating is likely to influence the hygrothermal behaviour of the wall. The second part of the thesis work consists of evaluating and optimising the performances of an unfired earth-based finish coating. In this type of plaster, the clayey phase ensures the global cohesion of the material by acting as a binder for the sand grain skeleton. Depending on the water state of the material, more or less affected by the soil mineralogical composition, clay can induce drying shrinkage of the mortar, leading to cracking of the plaster. [...]
Corcolle, Romain. "Détermination de lois de comportement couplé par des techniques d'homogénéisation : application aux matériaux du génie électrique." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112351.
Full textThis study is focused on the development of accurate homogenization models for coupled behavior (such as piezoelectricity or magnetostriction). The main development in this study is the adaptation of classical uncoupled methods based on a clever decomposition of the fields in different terms, depending on their physical origin. Nonlinear behavior has been taken into account through a linearization process. An improvement has been obtain by including the second order moments of the fields in the models. The developed models have been validated through a comparison of the results with the ones obtained from a Finite Element model. The results show a good agreement with a very lower computational cost for homogenization (ratio over 1000 when dealing with linear constitutive laws). The homogenization model has also been able to catch extrinsic effects, such as the magnetoelectric effect. The ratio between estimation quality / computation time shows the advantages of homogenization methods, which have been successfully adapted to coupled behavior
Chen, Guoyan. "Dielectric characterizations, ex vivo experiments and multiphysics simulations of microwave hyperthermia of biological tissues." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066289/document.
Full textResearch and development of medical devices with various diagnostic and therapeutic applications have been carried out in different countries because of the great advances in electronic and electromagnetic devices during recent decades. However, at present, all of available existing microwave hyperthermia system can just offer treatment, by using high microwave power. In this thesis, a new microwave hyperemia system is researched which could have both diagnostic and therapeutic functions. One single applicator is used to measure dielectric properties of tissue with a very low harmless microwave power for diagnosis first. Then thermal therapeutic treatment will be carried out by using the same applicator with higher and adapted microwave power. Microwave broad band characterization of five different biological tissues at different temperatures with an open–ended coaxial probe method and the virtual line model has been carried out. Ex vivo microwave hyperthermia experiments using microwave power of a few Watts at 2.45GHz have been carried out on five tissues of various thicknesses. Temperature evolution of the biological tissues has been measured by using an infra-red senor. Electromagnetic and thermal simulations for ex vivo microwave hyperthermia experiment have also been achieved by using COMSOL Multiphysics software with 2D axisymmetrical finite–element method and considering different tissues of various thicknesses and incident microwave powers. Simulation results correlate well with the experimental ones. This research, illustrates the possibility to have a flexible and feasible coaxial cable for both diagnosis and treatment for a minimally invasive therapy
Neshasteh, Hamidreza. "Ultra-high frequency optomechanical disk resonators in liquids." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7132.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an in-depth study of ultra-high frequency optomechanical disk resonators operating in various liquid environments. The goal of the work was to develop optical experimental techniques and theoretical models to study fluid-structure interactions in micro- and nanoscale vibrating devices, with potential applications in fluidics, biomedical sensing, and materials science. We employed optomechanical transduction techniques on silicon disk resonators to measure various properties of liquids. Backed by analytical and numerical models, our measurements give access to the liquid's refractive index, thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, and compressibility. We notably derived closed-formed expressions for the mechanical frequency shift and quality factor of a disk immersed in liquid, transforming it into a calibrated rheometer. As this rheometer covers the frequency range from 200 MHz to 3 GHz, we observed pronounced compressibility effects in liquid water, and confirmed that this liquid remains Newtonian in this range. In contrast, 1-decanol liquid exhibits a non-Newtonian behavior, with a frequency-dependent viscosity associated with relaxation times that we could reveal experimentally. The thesis work provides insights into the behavior of immersed optomechanical disk resonators and demonstrates their potential to probe the multiphysics properties of a liquid at the micron scale
Gazeau, Camille. "Développement d’outils numériques pour la sélection et l’optimisation de matériaux conducteurs mixtes pour l’oxycombustion." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2031.
Full textMixed Conductors (MIECs) are promising membrane materials for oxygen separating from air at high temperature. The oxygen semi-Permeation is the most important property of the membrane. This property induces a chemical potential gradient, which is the origin of some membrane ruptures. Forecasting gradients in service and the knowledge of MIECs mechanical properties are necessary for predict the reliability of future power plants. While the diffusion is well described by the Wagner theory, no consensus has yet emerged regarding the surface exchange models proposed in the literature. Furthermore, these models describe the stationary state, and cannot be extended to the transient stage. In this thesis, a new surface exchange model is proposed. This model takes into account the association/dissociation of oxygen and the high energetic cost of oxygen reduction/oxidation thanks to the balance of a transient species only present at the surface. This model can reproduce stationary state and transient stage. In parallel, a test device for characterizing the mechanical properties of the MIECs has been developed at 900 ° C. The test is “pseudo-Brazilian test” instrumented by an optical measurement. Post-Processing is carried out by a "Integrated Digital Image Correlation" method. The elastic properties of seven mixed conductors have been characterized
Nicolas, Vincent. "Modélisation multiphysique des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans un milieu poreux déformable non saturé : application à la cuisson du pain." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS272.
Full textThese studies relate to improving the energy efficiency of bakery ovens used for baking bread. During baking, the dough becomes crumb with significant changes in the media. Heat transfer induce different physico-chemical reactions in the dough which result in a change of the cellular structure and physical mechanisms. Then crust is created in the external part. The work focused on the development and validation of a multiphysic macroscopic model capable of predicting the transient behavior of the product. We were particularly interested in the baking bread on sole. The product is then subjected to heat transfer by conduction, convection and infrared irradiation. Steam injection is performed at the dough introduction in the oven. The state variables used are the temperature, the water content, the gas pressure, the gas fraction and the displacement. The properties used are dependent with the state variables and product structure. The numerical model is solved by a finit element method (Comsol Multiphysics ®). These numerical studies are supported by the use of experimental measurements performed on instrumented oven. The analysis of the evolution of state variables shows the need to have a good database on the macroscopic properties of the product during processing. In the last part of this study, the numerical model is used to study different approaches for improving energy efficiency: lower oven temperatures, use of new modes of heating
Preiss, Laura. "Nouvelles prothèses intervertébrales en composite céramique : Etude des matériaux, mise en place d'un test multiphysique in vitro et analyse de performances." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI041/document.
Full textThis work deals with the development of new intervertebral prostheses, made with ceramics. A whole European project, Longlife, was dedicated to the development of such implants. To achieve this goal, several axes have been followed: the synthesis of a new material, the development of new designs of intervertebral bodies, and the set-up of a new test aimed at reproducing in vitro the different solicitations undergone by an intervertebral implant in vivo. The new material developed is a triphasic composite composed of a matrix of ceria-doped zirconia (insensitive to ageing), a secondary globular phase of α-alumina (to reduce the grain size), and a third, elongated phase composed of strontium aluminates platelets (in order to improve fracture toughness). The first part of this work was to characterize this new material in order to forecast its behaviour under mechanical solicitation, thermal stability and resistance to sterilization. Secondly, the set-up of the new test is exposed. Different steps were chosen (axial fatigue, micro-separation, ageing and wear) in order to reproduce the “real-life” solicitations. To achieve this goal, Finite Elements simulations were performed, allowing the development of specific specimen holders that mimic the fixation of the implants in the vertebrae. The parameters of the test (duration, frequency, medium) were chosen after a details survey of the literature and of standards. At the end, we tested different prototypes trough this new multiphysic assessment set up. As a main result of this thesis, the chosen ceramic composite exhibits a pseudo-plastic behaviour, with a large deformation due to phase transformation before fracture, which is a positive result in the framework of the forecast applications. Moreover, the material doesn’t seem degraded by the sterilization processes. Concerning the multiphysic test, only a few implants resisted it. The design of the implants is a key-point, as well as the geometry (in particular, clearance seems to be critical)