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Academic literature on the topic 'Propriétés ignifugeantes'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Propriétés ignifugeantes"
Jasinski, Euphrasie. "Matériaux ignifugés à base de polyéthylène/éthylène acétate de vinyle et de nanotubes d’halloysite : mise en oeuvre et propriétés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10048.
Full textThe overall objective of the project in which this thesis is included is to reduce the amount of flame retardants present in electrical cable and wire while presenting interesting flame retardant and aging properties. The work carried out during this thesis aims to develop a flame retardant material based on linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) for the electrical cable and wire industries. Halloysite is a mineral of the kaolinite group whose chemical composition is based on Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Due to the presence of aluminol groups on the inner surface of the nanotubes and silanol groups on their outer surface, HNT can be selectively functionalized. Thus, on the one hand HNT have been functionalized with flame retardant molecules and on the other hand with organosilanes in order to improve their dispersion and to control their localization in the polymer matrix. Indeed, the dispersion and the localization of nanoparticles in a polymer blend (either in the continuous phase, in the dispersed phase, or at the interface) can affect certain macroscopic properties of the material such as the flammability and the mechanical properties. Other methods have also been used to improve dispersion and control the localization of fillers including the use of a compatibilizer and changing the mixing sequence during the processing. Regarding the flame retardant properties of materials containing pristine HNT, increasing the amount of HNT results in a decrease in peak of heat release rate (pHRR), but also in time to ignition (TTI). The addition of other flame retardants (ammonium phosphate AP and pentaerythritol PER) in addition to HNT has a beneficial effect on the pHRR by decreasing it. In addition, PER contributed to increase the ignition time of the composites. Without any chemical modification, HNT were shown to be localized in the EVA phase. By functionalizing the HNT with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and compatibilizing the blend with polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), in the blends implemented in a micro-extruder the HNT were localized in the LLDPE phase. However, in the extruder process, it was necessary to make a pre-mix of LLDPE/HNT-APTS/PE-g-MA before adding the EVA to localize the fillers in the LLDPE phase. The localization of the HNT-APTS in the LLDPE phase was not beneficial for the flame retardant properties, these are worse than those for the equivalent composite containing pristine HNT localized in the EVA. Mechanical properties and mainly elongation at break are also worse with HNT-APTS localized in LLDPE. This change could not be attributed only to the localization of the fillers, but it can also come from the nature of the grafted molecule. On the other hand, the HNT functionalized with PE-g-MA (localized mainly in the EVA phase and at the LLDPE/EVA interface) lowered the pHRR and THR of the LLDPE/EVA/HNT/AP composite compared to the composite containing the unmodified HNT. However, the ignition time was decreased. Finally, functionalization of HNT with some phosphorous molecules resulted in better results on both pHRR and THR compared to the unmodified LLDPE/EVA/HNT/AP composite
Laoutid, Fouad. "Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flamme utilisant des composés minéraux et organo-minéraux dans le polyéthylène térephtalate recyclé." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20008.
Full textGiraud, Stéphane. "Microencapsulation d'un diisocyanate et d'un phosphate d'ammonium : application : élaboration d'un systè́me polyuréthane monocomposant à propriété retardatrice de flamme pour l'enduction textile." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-311-312.pdf.
Full textL'incorporation dans une formulation PU de phosphate d'ammonium encapsulé avec une membrane imperméable peut donner un caractère FR permanent à l'enduit. Cette étude est consacrée à la mise au point de procédés de microencapsulation, principalement selon la technique par polymérisation interfaciale, pour l'isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) et pour le diammonuim hydrogénophosphate (DAHP). Différents paramètres expérimentaux ont étés maitrisés afin de donner aux deux types de microcapsules les caractéristiques déterminantes pou leur application : contrôle de leur taille, de leurs propriétés thermomécaniques et de la perméabilité de leur membrane. Après l'étude de la réactivité d'un mélánge microcapsules d'IPDI - polyol, nous sommes parvenus à synthétiser un PU solide avec une température de réaction peu élevée (80°C). Les microcapsules de DAHP donnent aux enduits PU appliqués sur tissu coton un réel effet retardateur de flamme, même si le char développé avec les microcapsules résiste un peu moins bien à la chaleur que celui avec le DAHP pur
Dépinoy, Florent. "Élaboration d'élastomères thermoplastiques ignifugés : étude des relations structure / propriétés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10038.
Full textThe aim of this study is to fireproof thermoplastic elastomers based on polyolefins (TPa). The studied TPa are blends of polypropylene (PP), ethylene propylene copolymers (EPDM) and hydrogenated styrene butadiene rubber (HSBR). The elastic properties of TPa based on PP/HSBR blends are closed to hyperelasticity when the level of HSBR is high (between 75 and 100% in mass of the polymers) and these properties are higher than those observed for PP/EPDM blends. These properties can be explained in particular by the higher miscibility of HSBR with PP, when compared with EPDM. The incorporation of additive based on ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to fireproof the TPa blends leads to intumescent formulations. Concerning the elastic behaviour, this incorporation mostly modifies the elongation at break of the TPa blends. Depending on the configuration of the sample during the test (horizontal or vertical test), the obtained fire properties are different. This difference is linked to the viscosity of the formulation in fire conditions: if the sample is in horizontal configuration during the test, the viscosity is less important than when the sample is vertical. When the sam pie is horizontal, HSBR-based intumescent formulations have a better fire behaviour than EPDM-based ones. These differences are explained by the fact that the intumescent structure is more stable in the case of PP and HSBR than in the case of EPDM: wh en the intumescent structure is formed, EPDM does not react with the additive, whereas PP and HSBR do react. This is the consequence of the higher viscosity of EPDM during the intumescence phenomena, compared to PP and HSBR
Renaut, Nicolas. "Amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques et ignifuges du polypropylène : applications aux matériels électriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10137/document.
Full textOur study deals with the processes used in order to improve the thermomechanical and fire retardant (FR) properties of polypropylene (PP) materials used in electrical equipments. The fIfst chapter concerns the improvement of the thermomechanical properties trough the development of polymer alloys. Bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) is used as modifying polymer in the PP matrix. To improve the compatibilization of the polymer blends, two compatibilizing agents (AC) have been evaluated but the obtained properties are not sufficient and thus improvement of the properties was thus achieved using inorganic fillers. The second chapter is about the processes for imparting flame retardancy to PP materials reinforced by mineraI fillers (mica, talc or calcium carbonate). Two types of FR additives are tested: a phosphorous compound (APP: ammonium polyphosphate) used in intumescent systems and various brominated compounds. ln the case of the composite materials containing calcium carbonate, interactions between APP and fillers are evidenced and restrict the development of the protective thermally insulating structure (char) resulting in low FR properties whereas formulations with brominated compound present acceptable properties. However Br compounds present sorne environmental concerns. As a consequence, the last chapter deals with the processes that allow imparting flame retardancy to the PP composites surface. Before applying a FR protective paint, the materials are treated by low pressure radiofrequency cold plasma (O2, Ar, pure or mixture of them). By means of a global analysis of the topography, the surface chemical composition evolution and wettability, we propose sorne rearrangement mechanisms occurring at the PP matrix surface. We demonstrate that these mechanisms influence the adhesive properties of the treated materials and differ for each material as a function of the composition and nature of the fillers
Réti, Christelle. "Procédés d’élaboration de matériaux biosourcés à propriétés retard au feu améliorées : application à l’acide polylactique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10088/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of different intumescent formulations to flame retard polylactic acid (PLA) by the incorporation of a phosphorous flame retardant compound (APP) and products coming from renewable resources. PLA/APP/starch composite shows the best fire retardant properties. Upon heating, the material forms a foamed cellular charred layer which protects the underlying material from the action of heat flux and flame and slows down heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phase. The efficiency of intumescent structure can be explained by the viscosity of the formulation. Moreover, the explanation of the improvement of the fire properties is because of chemical reactions between the components of the formulation leading to thermally stable species like phosphocarbonaceous compound. Several solutions have been studied to improve mechanical properties of intumescent formulation
Didane, Nizar. "Elaboration et caractérisation fonctionnelle de matériaux polymères intumescents : application aux textiles de recouvrement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10062/document.
Full textThis work is dealing with the development of fire resistant covering textiles for railway field. It particularly concerns the improvement of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fire properties by melt blending fire retardants. Based on literature, a synergistic blend of additives has been selected (zinc phosphinates and OctaMethyl POSS nanofillers) and processed into PET multifilaments with 10% of loading content. Other fire resistant systems combining zinc or aluminium phosphinates with different POSS has been also studied. The developed materials showed distinct fire behaviours which could be related in one hand, to the released species of POSS through thermal degradation and on the other hand, to reactions between POSS and the metal element on the phosphorus-containing agent. The elaboration of highly loaded multifilaments (20 wt.%) has been studied with zinc or aluminium phosphinates which are respectively fusible and infusible. Rheological modifications occurred when fillers are added to PET and incorporation of poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) diminished the observed phenomena. Works on textile fire retardancy by fibres blending or back coating has been led and gave interesting results. Compatibility and dispersion state of fillers on polymer and their impact on the fibrous materials physical properties has been also studied
Samyn, Fabienne. "Compréhension des procédés d'ignifugation du polyamide 6 : apport des nanocomposites aux systèmes retardateurs de flamme phosphorés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Samyn.pdf.
Full textTouré, Birane. "Incorporation d'additifs retardateurs de flamme dans un copolymère PP-PE : conséquences sur le comportement au feu, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20116.
Full textHilt, Florian. "Développement de revêtements phosphorés à propriétés retardatrices de flamme synthétisés par polymérisation plasma à la pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30060/document.
Full textThis PhD work is focused on the development of next-generation phosphorus-containing coatings elaborated by atmospheric pressure - plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The objective is to provide efficient fireproofing properties to synthetic polymers through an innovative flame-retardant thin film. The supported strategy is based on a robust cold plasma technology, which consists in injecting an organophosphorus precursor as a vapor into an atmospheric pressure - dielectric barrier discharge. These researches constitute a backbone for the atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization of phosphorus-containing compounds and identify conditions promoting the development of hydrolytically stable and fire-resistant coatings. In a first phase, investigations focus on the optimization of operating conditions, the understanding of the reaction pathways involved and the study of the deposits stability over time. The second part is interested in the improvement of the coatings to obtain high-quality thin films in view to flame-retardant tests. At the outcome of this study, the flame-retardant performances of the most promising coatings are tested on different polymers, i.e. polycarbonate and polyamide-6. This study concludes by summarizing the influence of the process parameters as well as the different monomer structures on the thin films growth mechanisms, stability and flame-retardant performance