Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés de surface des matériaux'
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Nowak, Nicolas. "Propriétés optiques de nouveaux matériaux composites pour la visualisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14004/document.
Full textThis work deals with the development of new materials for improving the visibility of road markings in all weather conditions. The studies moved towards a theoretical study of optical properties responsible for retroreflexion, then towards the establishment of a pattern of these phenomenon with the Zemax software in order to determine ideal retroreflective systems for dry and wet weather. New glasses having the ideal optical and mechanical for these applications were synthesized. Surface treatments have been used to improve these properties, by the study of the interference phenomena induced by thin layers deposited on substrates
Henry, Briot Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux matériaux et nouvelles orientations pour application aux ondes de surface." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA2086.
Full textMrabti, Abdelali. "Propriétés opto-mécaniques dans des matériaux nanostructurés : couplage plasmons-phonons." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10201.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the elastoplasmonic coupling in periodic nanostructured systems. This interaction plasmon/phonon has been studied first for a metal nanowire inserted into a cavity of a two-dimensional crystal, consisting in a periodic array of holes in a dielectric matrix. The second investigated system is a crystal with sustaining local resonances. The crystal is formed by a square array of gold nanocylindres deposited on a non-absorbing dielectric membrane. The interest of such a system is that it can support phonon modes localized in the nanocylindre enabling thus an efficient coupling with plasmon modes. The third system is a crystal constituted by a metal nanoparticles array coupled to a metal film via an ultra thin dielectric spacer (silica). The motivation behind such a study is twofold: first, plasmon modes are sensitive to small local deformations due to their strong confinement; second such a system supports many localized phonons that can provide a local amplification of vibrations. It is then a dual cavity for phonon and plasmon modes. For the three systems studied in this thesis, we have shown that mechanical vibrations can modulate during an acoustic period the wavelength of the plasmon resonance modes supported by the structure
Kassir, Mounir. "Modification contrôlée des propriétes cristallochimiques et physico-chimique de matériaux nanostructurés à base de TIO2 pour la maitrise des propriétés photocatalytiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0136/document.
Full textProtecting the environment has become a major issue. The heterogeneous photocatalysis , photochemical advanced oxidation technology has the advantage of oxidizing many contaminants from water . The most commonly used catalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2) for reasons of efficiency, stability and low cost of production. Our goal in this thesis is to better control the surface properties of the photocatalysts from two new concepts. The first is based on the control of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of the surface. The second is the use of clay as catalyst support or as a composite material. A first way is to control the surface to modify the graft of different organic molecules such as organosilanes such hexadecyltrichlorosilane ( HTS , hydrophobic ) and N- (6- aminohexyl ) aminopropyl - trimethoxysilane ( AHAPS , hydrophilic ) . Another way of controlling the surface of the titanium is immobilized on a support. The selected material is clay because of their large adsorption capacity and retention of pollutants. System preparation was carried out in two methods: the copreciptation and sol/gel. At the end of each part, a the photocatalytic tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the system developed
Christmann, Anne. "Elaboration et propriétés de nanocomposites transparents à matrice polycarbonate." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20126.
Full textFragneaud, Benjamin. "Synthesis and characterization of polymer/carbon nanotubes composites : impact of polymer grafting on the surface of CNx MWNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0124/these.pdf.
Full textADes nouveaux matériaux hybrides, provenant du greffage de polystyrène à la surface de nanotubes de carbone dopés azote (CNx MWNTs) ont été synthètisés et utilisés dans l’élaboration de nano-composites à matrice polymère. Dans ces travux de recherche nous avons étudiés l’impacte de ces nanotubes de carbone greffés polystyrène sur les propriétés mécaniques et électriques de matrices polystyrène (PS et poly (butadiène-co-styrène) (PSBS). Les nanotubes greffés ont une meilleure dispersion dans une matrice de polystyrène que les nanotubes sans traitement chimique. Cependant, ce type de fonctionnement ne permet pas de baisser le seuil de percolation électrique, puisque le greffage tend à isoler électriquement les nanotubes. Par ailleurs, nous avons observé une sensible augmentation de l’effet de renfort mécanique de la matrice PS quand les tubes sont greffés ; particulièrement quand les composites sont soumis à de grandes déformations. Dans le cas particulier d’une matrice nano structurée comme le PSBS, nous avons observé un effet de renfort mécanique beaucoup plus important quand les nanotubes étaient greffés. En effet, la couche de PS à la surface des CNx MWNTs connecte les domaines de PS du copolymère, permettant l’apparition d’un réseau percolant rigide avec un seuil de percolation très bas (PC <0. 05 vol%)
Zheng, Dan. "Modification des propriétés de surface de matériaux lignifiés : impact d'un greffage par voie physique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605664.
Full textVeys, Delphine. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface des matériaux quasicristallins lors de sollicitations électrochimiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL076N.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to understand how the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant alloys are modified when submitted to various kinds of electrochemical stress. The alloys are Al-based complex intermetallic phases of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system, submitted to either corrosion test in aggressive media or simply to oxidation and ageing in ambient conditions. Ln a first part, bulk alloys of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system were synthesized and their atomic structure was characterised. Then, the corrosion behaviour of these alloys was investigated with a view to identify the role of the chemical composition and of the crystallographic structure on their ability to resist corrosion attack in a medium containing citric acid and chloride anions. This work bas allowed us to âetermine the corrosion mechanisms and to identify some alloy compositions which demonstrate high-resistance against corrosion. The last part focusses on the evolution of surface structure and chemistry as a function of electrochemical stress. The topography, composition and structure of corroded samples were analysed. Ln addition, for AICrFe samples, we have highlighted an ageing phenomenon of the surfaces in ambient conditions. We have proposed a model describing the surface of these materials as a stacking of several layers with different chemistry. The surface ageing is modelled and related to the observed modifications of the chemical reactivity
Malki, Seddik. "Contribution à l'étude des lois de comportement des matériaux routiers : agrégats-bétons bitumeux." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0141.
Full textMartin, Thierry. "Maîtrise de la morphologie et des propriétés de surface de silice mésoporeuse ordonnée." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20092.
Full textBenghorieb, Soulef. "Modélisation des modifications des propriétés optiques de nouveaux matériaux nanostructurés par des particules métalliques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4002.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to modeling of the optical properties of nanostructured dielectrics by metal particles. We interested in two aspects of the problem: the determination of effective index and field distribution of plasmon nanoparticles dispersed in such media. We have developed two numerical approaches. The first is devoted to the simulation of real and imaginary parts of the effective index of heterogeneous medium. In order to compare experience and theory, we have proposed an experimental approach to measure the effective refractive index of colloidal solutions containing metal or semiconductor nanospheres. The second aspect deals with the method of extraction of the field plasmon on the surface of metal nanosphere when it is excited by electromagnetic plane wave. The calculated effective index and field plasmon are done in function of characteristic parameters of nanoparticles and host matrix
Fonseca, Raul José da Silva Camara Mauricio da. "Microcaractérisation élastique de matériaux poreux par signature acoustique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20221.
Full textRoyer, Pascal. "Etude théorique de l'excitation des plasmons de surface sur des particules d'argent ellipsoïdales de taille submicroscopique : effets du substrat, mise en évidence expérimentale par spectroscopie photoacoustique." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS036.
Full textMurdoch, Naomi. "Modélisation des propriétés des matériaux granulaires sur la surface des astéroïdes et dans différentes conditions de gravité." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4038.
Full textThis thesis, at the interface between the scientific disciplines of planetary science and granular physics, has two key components, both of which intend to increase our understanding of granular dynamics in varying gravitational conditions. The dynamics of granular materials are involved in the evolution of solid planets, planetary satellites and small bodies in our Solar System, whose surfaces are generally covered with regolith. Understanding granular dynamics is also critical for the design and/or operations of landers, sampling devices and rovers to be included in space missions. The first component of this thesis is the validation of the hard-sphere discrete element method (HSDEM) implementation in the N-body code pkdgrav to model the dynamics of granular material. By direct comparison with results form laboratory experiments, it is demonstrated that the hard-sphere discrete element method implementation in pkdgrav is valid for modelling granular material in dilute regimes and is capable of reproducing the complex dynamical behaviour of a specific dense system as well. The second component is focussed on the AsTex parabolic flight experiment. This experiment, with the aim of characterising, the response of granular material to rotational shear forces in a microgravity environment, was designed, constructed, flown and the data were analysed as part of this thesis. It was found that the effect of constant shearing on a granular material in a direction perpendicular to the gravity field is not strongly influenced by gravity. The AstEx experiment has demonstrated, for the first time, that the efficiency of granular convection may decrease in the presence of a weak gravitational field, similar to that on the surface of small bodies. The first measurements of transient weakening of granular material after shear reversal in microgravity are also reported. Results suggest that the force contact network may be weaker in microgravity, although the influence of any change in the contact network is felt by the granular material over much larger distances. This may have important implications of our interpretation of asteroid surfaces
Guerch, Kévin. "Etude des propriétés physiques et électriques de matériaux céramiques utilisés en application spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30174.
Full textDielectric materials used on satellites are subject to radiative and thermal extreme stresses which may lead to disturbances on board instrumentation. The application efficiency can then decrease significantly due to charging and aging effects of used ceramics. With the aim to understand and predict these phenomena, the mechanisms investigation of charges transport and electrical aging on these ceramics is of high importance. The scientific approach of this study was to define a protocol and an experimental method which allows characterising the electrical and physico-chemical behaviours of raw boron nitride and coated with a thin coating of alumina. For this purpose, a parametric study was performed in the irradiation chamber, named CEDRE (at ONERA Toulouse) in order to assess the influence of some parameters such as, incident energy, primary electron flux, temperature, ionising dose, on charging, relaxation and electrical aging kinetics of these industrial ceramics. This study demonstrated that it is possible to greatly limit the dielectrics charging thanks to the use of a ceramic coating and suitable annealing thermal treatment. Indeed, the high secondary electron emission of alumina and the increase of surface conductivity generated by the annealing thermal treatment partly govern the low surface potential of coated boron nitride. Some alumina coating were subsequently elaborated through PVD-RF and then characterised in the irradiation chamber in order to identify the preparation parameters which allow optimising the electrical properties of system. It was shown that the optimisation of the roughness and the coating thickness limits the surface potential of ceramics. An experimental study was conducted in the frame of an international collaboration with the Materials Physics Group of the Utah State University (Logan, USA), in order to investigate the influence of nature and densities of electron defects on the electrical properties of different ceramics. The cathodoluminescence method was used and brought to light the origin of total conductivity difference between materials, raw, coated and annealed. A new method to measure the surface potential under continuous electron irradiation was developed and then validated. A partial discharges mechanism was identified on surface of annealed samples with this optimised device. Ageing processes of the irradiated materials was also studied in the irradiation chamber to reproduce the observed degradation in orbit over the long time. It was demonstrated that the charging of annealed coated materials is noticeable when the sample receive a critical ionising dose. Several physico-chemical characterisations were thus performed at CIRIMAT in order to study the evolution of structural and chemical properties of ceramics. This evolution was correlated with that of electrical properties after deterioration under critical electron irradiation. The contamination and deterioration mechanisms of coated ceramics are responsible of the electrical aging observed experimentally. Finally, these thorough experimental characterisations allowed the development of physical model for the description of the different mechanisms involved on irradiated ceramics and coating
Nicolas, Jean-Denis. "Modification des propriétés de surface de rouleaux en silice vitreuse pour des applications verrières et photovoltaïque." Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/84b3ed80-36b5-429f-a869-0d38f7165d4a.
Full textThis research is about modification of fused silica surface properties in the aim to control reactions appearing at the interface glass or silicon / fused silica rolls during heat treatments. Fused silica rollers suffer damage caused by aggressive environments in furnaces (Na2SO4, tin, phosphoric acid,. . . ). The sol-gel process has the ability to adjust physicochemical properties of the coating by precursor modification. In this context, silazanes, precursors of oxy-silicon carbonitrides are excellent raw materials for the production of coatings high temperatures and corrosion resistant. The use and development in an oxidizing atmosphere were often overlooked because they have significant sensitivity to oxidation. Despite this, silazanes show promising characteristics and properties in an oxidizing atmosphere. The behavior of these precursors to oxidation in air as function of temperature and the formation of coatings in the laboratory and industrial environment are discussed. The strengthening of the surface by the formation of stable systems is performed by taking into account sintering phenomena of the ceramic matrix and neutrality with elements conveyed to temperatures and atmospheres considered. Reactivity analysis and simulation of chemical reactions in the environment of furnaces are carried out to determine the behavior of coatings under conditions of industrial uses
Colin, Jérôme. "Instabilités de surface de solides contraints." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2318.
Full textNounah, Hassan. "Modélisation et caractérisation des matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques par des méthodes microacoustiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20117.
Full textBoukerma, Kada. "Propriétés interfaciales de nouveaux composites conducteurs à base de polypyrrole utilisés comme charge pour des polymères thermoplastiques." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077198.
Full textIn this work, we report first on the preparation of a series of PPy powders by oxidative polymerization in aquous soulution with mixed doping (Cl/AOT) and (HSCVAOT) by using an anionic surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Elemental Analyses and XPS confirmed that the surfactant is incorporated into the PPy structure. The addition of AOT enhance the conductivity of PPy with an optimal value corresponding to molar ratio Py/AOT =7/1. Moreover the surfactant has the effect to minimize the surface energy of PPy, which improves their dispersion and their adhesion in a matrix of polypropylene as well as the conductivity of the final composite obtained PP/PPy-AOT. In the second time, we investigated the physico-chemical properties of new clay/PPy and silicon carbide/PPy composites. We characterized them in terms of chemical composition on the surface and the bulk by XPS and elemental analysis, and conductivity measurements. In addition the morpholocical and mechanical properties were investigated for this new composites filled polymers. We have shown the surfactants (here DBSA) has a dramataic effect on these physicochemical properties and that they constitute an essentiel building block in the development of novel fillers based on polypyrrole
Roman, Adriana. "Méthodes d'indentation normale et transverse appliquées à l'étude des propriétés mécaniques des films et révêtements." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-276.pdf.
Full textFaucheu, Jenny. "Relations microstructure-propriétés dans des films nanostructurés élaborés par voie latex." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textCe projet se centre sur le développement de revêtements respectueux de l'environnement basé sur la technologie latex. Un latex est une suspension colloïdale de particules (10nm-10µm de diamètre) de polymère dans l'eau. . . La stabilité de cette suspension est garantie par l'addition de molécules de tensioactifs (surfactant) qui portent une tête hydrophile et une queue hydrophobe. Ces molécules vont couvrir la surface des particules de latex avec leur tête hydrophile pointant vers la phase aqueuse, favorisant ainsi les forces de répulsion. Dans les conditions adéquates, ces particules coalescent après évaporation de l'eau pour former un film continu. La philosophie de ce projet est d'utiliser ces particules (dans notre cas 100nm de diamètre) en tant que brique élémentaire nanostructurée pour construire le matériau final nanostructuré à son tour. Les latex sont basés sur un copolymère acrylate, déjà bien répandu pour une application peinture intérieure. Cependant, ces propriétés ne permettent pas d'étendre son utilisation à une application peinture extérieure. Deux approches ont été considérées pour améliorer le comportement de ces revêtements. Tout d'abord, l'ajout d'une résine alkyde susceptible de réticuler au contact de l'air, et ensuite l'ajout de nanocharges minérales (argile). Le succès de l'introduction à l'échelle nanométrique de ces secondes phases repose sur une polymérisation in-situ en présence de cette seconde phase. La voie de synthèse adoptée est la polymérization par miniémulsion qui est un récent développement de la polymérisation en émulsion conventionnelle. Il a été montré que dans les eux stratégies, la nanostructuration du matériau a une influence sur la distribution du surfactant et de ce fait sur les propriétés de prise en eau. De plus la présence d'un réseau percolant de nanocharges entraîne une augmentation brutale du renforcement
Jardret, Vincent. "Apport des techniques sclérométriques à la caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques des surfaces." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1894_vjardret.pdf.
Full textAn understanding of abrasion resistance and the associated surface deformation mechanisms is of primary importance in the materials engineering and design of many important industrial components undergoing wear and abrasion. Instrumented scratch testing has been shown to be a useful tool for characterization of the abrasion resistance of materials. Our fundamental work on the scratch tester development found two main applications, focused on elasto-plastic deformation and fracture mechanisms during a scratch test. Although most studies on scratch resistance have been limited to the theoretical case of purely plastic materials, experiments on metals and polymers have shown that the contact mechanics and indentation behavior are strongly influenced by the elastic behavior. In this work, the measurement of the normal and tangential scratch forces, the penetration depth relative to the initial surface and the three-dimensional topographic relief of the scratched surface are done. They have allowed us to acurately calculate the actual contact area between the indenter and the material, taking into account both elastic deformation and pile up phenomena. This contact surface was used to estimate the real mean contact pressure during scratch testing. This pressure was compared to the static hardness of the studied materials, as well as to the classical definitions of the scratch hardness. The ratio between the plastic and elastic deformation during a scratch test with a Berkovich indenter was then related to the ratio of the elastic modulus over the hardness for the tested bulk materials. This study was performed on a wide range of ductile materials from polymers to metals and demonstrates the importance of taking both elastic and pile-up phenomena into account in order to accurately understand and characterize the scratch resistance of materials. Ceramic materials are used in a large range of mechanical and electronic devices. But these materials are still limited in their application by their brittle behavior. In particular, surface damage of ceramic components may considerably decrease their lifetime. An understanding of abrasion resistance and the associated deformation mechanisms is then of primary importance in the use and machining of ceramic materials. In this work, the analysis of both the normal and tangential force fluctuations during a scratch test was done to describe the wear behavior and fracture processes of ceramic materials. The measurement of both normal and tangential scratch forces was done at the acquisition rate of 20 000 Hz. The fluctuations of the normal force was related to the worn volume estimated with the help of the three-dimensional topographic relief of the scratched surface. The abrasion energy is equal to the total scratch energy over the worn volume. It was studied as a function of penetration depth and scratch speed. The characterization method developed in this work is then used to investigate the effect of the fracture toughness on the wear behavior of two different sintered alumina. These alumina was sintered with different chemical additives which leads to a 30 % difference of their fracture toughness. The physico-chemical action of a large serie of fluids on the abrasion energy of alumina was clearly emphasized and related to their wetting properties
Lunet, Guillaume. "Radômes actifs utilisant des matériaux et structures à propriétés électromagnétiques contrôlées." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13862/document.
Full textThe research we present in this memory registers within the framework to develop new structures and to study tunable materials for an industrial integration as an active radome. Specifically, they consist of achieving a free space microwave device for both a filtering behaviour and a frequency agility behaviour. Structures based on frequency selective surfaces, for the filtering aspect, and on ferroelectric materials for the tuning aspect, are developed. Modeling and simulations show that the change of the material permittivity, obtained by applying an external electric field, enable piloting the transmission frequency of the structure. An experimental implementation complete this work and prototypes have been fabricated by photolithography techniques and then characterized in free space with a bench ABmm. Thus, microwave measurements validate the results of simulations and show the possibility to control the frequency transmission of the radome
Mabboux, Florence. "Matériaux implantaires dentaires et adhérence de Streptococcus sanguinis et de Streptococcus constellatus : caractérisation et rôle des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10236.
Full textIn this in vitro study, we have evaluated (i) the interest of 3 different approaches in the characterization of surface properties of implant dental biomaterials (Titanium and Ti-6A1-4V) and of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus constellatus, with and without saliva, (ii) the number of adherent bacterial cells on these biomaterials , coated with saliva, by analysis of images, (iii) the influence of surface topography and processes of disinfection /sterilisation on surface properties of Titanium, TA6V and on bacterial adherence. Our results show a similar behaviour of titanium and its alloy, the determining role of the method in the physico-chemical characterization of surface properties of bacteria and solids. They confirm the usefulness of determining acid-base interactions and electrostatic properties for a better understanding of streptococcal adhesion on implant dental materials
Santana, Méndez Yucelys Yessenia. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques de matériaux revêtus à base de carbure de tungstène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10086/document.
Full textThe present investigation is conducted to determine the microstructural, mechanical and tribological features of two different WC-Co systems deposited onto SAE 1045 steel. Microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out in order to relate their morphology, roughness, hardness, fracture toughness and residual stresses to their tribological performance. Both conventional and instrumented indentation tests were also carried to measure hardness and elastic modulus. X-ray diffraction techniques were used to determine the surface residual stresses and the incremental hole drilling technique for their repartition through the thickness. The results indicate that both the bulk samples and the coatings exhibit compressive residual stresses on the surface and the hole-drilling technique indicates that the profile is not uniform. The WC-10Co-4Cr coatings displays compressive residual stresses, whereas the WC-12Co coating presents tensile residual stresses. Dry erosion tests according to the ASTM G-76 standard were carried out at 30° and 90° angle of impingement. The erosion rate for both coated systems was higher when the erosion test was carried out at an angle of 90°, and a combination between brittle and ductile wear type mechanisms was observed. The results also indicate that the bulk WC-Co materials with lower the mean free path of binder exhibited the lower mean rate erosion wear. Also, it was determined that the WC-10Co-4Cr coating presented a highest erosive wear resistance as consequence of both a smaller W2C brittle phase content and a higher through-thickness residual compressive stresses values, when compared to the WC-12Co coating
Bélard, Laurent. "Nouvelles stratégies d’hydrophobation de matériaux à base d’amidon plastifié." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000748.pdf.
Full textPlasticized starch is regarded as a potential replacement material for traditional petrochemical polymers. Its use is however limited by, beyond others, its high hydrophilic nature. The present work aims at optimizing the formation and adhesion of hydrophobic surface coatings, to reduce the water sorption rate in starchy materials. Two strategies have been studied: - the formation of surface enriched in biopolyester, due to the segregation of the dispersed surface towards the surface during the processing of plasticized starch/polycaprolacton (PCL) blends. The surface enrichment, studied during extrusion through the use of a die punt, is strongly influenced by the viscosity of the dispersed phase. A predictive criterion for surface enrichment, correlated to the blend viscous behaviour, has been proposed. - hydrophobic carbon plasma coatings, on biopolyesters substrates, simulating the enriched surface obtained through processing. The coated substrates do not exhibit any improvement in gas barrier properties. The rubbery behaviour of selected biopolyesters leads indeed to strong interactions between the reactive species of the plasma and the substrate, and the formation of interphases with inadequate composition and morphology. This behaviour (also observed for elastomeric polymers) could be intrinsic to plasticized starch
Bouquet, Françoise. "Relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de l'acier AISI 304 après différents traitements et le comportement mécanique d'assemblages collés." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD475.
Full textAmara, Dehman. "Assemblage structural collé alumine-acier 304L : propriétés superficielles des substrats et adhérence." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT005G.
Full textMillot, Nadine. "Synthèse et propriétés de ferrites nanométriques : influence de la taille des grains et de la nature de la surface sur les propriétés structurales et magnétiques de ferrites de titane synthétisés par chimie douce et mécanosynthèse." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS053.
Full textBouchet, Jérôme. "Influence des propriétés d'interphase sur les comportements d'éléments structuraux de multi-matériaux carbone-époxy-aluminium : cas des absorbeurs d'énergie." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10137.
Full textLajaunie, Luc. "Influence de la préparation de surface sur les propriétés physiques des contacts à base Cobalt sur n-Ge." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Lajaunie-Luc/2009-Lajaunie-Luc-These.pdf.
Full textThe influence of various surface cleaning procedures on both electrical properties and microstructure of Co based n-Ge Schottky contacts has been studied. In-depth diffusion of metallic impurities into the Ge substrate has been reported after thermal pre-treatments. After germanidation, gettering of the metallic impurities by the germanide phases has been observed. While no more oxide interlayer is observed after HF etching and thermal pre-treatment at 700°C, a temperature of 400°C has been found to be not enough to remove the oxide interlayer. However, it modifies the chemical nature of the oxide interlayer. A complex microstructure is reported for all the samples after germanidation. For most of the samples, the coexistence of Co5Ge7 and CoGe2 structures and an increase of the roughness of the M/SC interface have been observed. The particular microstructure observed, after germanidation, for the sample pre-treated at 400°C has been ascribed to the remaining oxide interlayer. Whatever the pre-treatments, the behaviours of all the Schottky diodes could not be explained by the thermionic model only. This model leads to a large underestimation of the Richardson’s constant. By a detailed analysis of the temperature dependence of the Schottky barrier heights, we have pointed out the necessity to reason in term of barrier inhomogeneity, these last being strongly influenced by the microstructure. The electrical results have been explained in the framework of the Fermi level pinning concept. While a strong Fermi level pinning is observed for intimate contacts, the presence of the native Ge oxide at the M/SC interface yields a depinning of the Fermi level. However, this depinning has been found to be dependent on the chemical nature of the oxide interlayer
Chemkhi, Mahdi. "Nanocristallisation superficielle couplée à la nitruration plasma pour augmenter les propriétés de fatigue et d’usure d’alliages métalliques." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0038/document.
Full textCoupled mechanical and thermochemical surface treatments have been the subject of much research effort in recent years. The goal of such a coupling is to improve diffusion kinetics leading to increased penetration depths, and/or to decrease the treatment temperature for mechanically pretreated materials. In this work, SMAT (Surface Mechanical Attrittion Treatment), used to refine the grain size by severe plastic deformation, is combined with plasma nitriding of a 316L medical-grade stainless steel. This duplex process significantly improves nitrogen diffusion. An intermediate treatment between SMAT and plasma nitriding is also proposed and its significant effect on the nitrogen diffusion is demonstrated. Comparisons between nitrided-only samples and duplex-treated samples have shown up to 60% increase of the nitrided layer thickness. In order to better understand the link between the generated microstructures and the mechanical fatigue and tribological responses, the samples have been characterised by many different techniques. Also, a multiscale numerical model of the diffusion process is proposed in order to simulate the nitrogen concentration profiles after duplex treatment. The simulated and experimental profiles correspond rather well
Beaulieu-Carbonneau, Gabrielle. "Impact des propriétés de surface des matériaux membranaires sur les caractéristiques des biofilms formés suivant la filtration de fluides laitiers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28179.
Full textFouling of filtration membranes is a major issue affecting the efficiency of filtration processes. In the dairy industry, fouling is initiated by the deposition of dairy constituents, but also by the development of bacterial biofilms on filtration membranes. Since the formation of biofilms is primarily influenced by the surface properties, the membrane material selection may represent an important parameter to enable membrane fouling and bacteria adhesion. The influence of membrane surface properties (hydrophobicity, zeta potential and roughness) of various materials (PES, PVDF, PAN) was evaluated on both filtration performance and biofouling behavior during UF of milk and whey at 50 °C. The membrane resistance due to fouling was globally higher during whey UF, and the PVDF material had the highest irreversible resistance during both dairy fluids UF. These variations in resistance were mainly attributed to chemical fouling since no significant difference was observed when microorganisms are quantified through 16S rRNA gene copy numbers found on membranes. According to a metabarcoding approach, the membrane material did not influence the biofilms composition on membranes used for milk UF, mainly composed of water-associated bacteria. On the other hand, during whey UF, the membrane surface roughness clearly affected the bacterial diversity observed on it. Indeed, after 20 h of whey UF, more than 5.04 log₁₀ spore-forming bacteria per cm² were found on the roughest membranes (PAN and PVDF) compared to 0.18 log₁₀ per cm² on the smoothest type (PES). Thus, the use of a smoother surface combined with shorter filtration duration, may help the dairy industry to reduce the occurrence of persistent spore-forming biofilms in filtration systems and the number of bacterial spores in whey ingredients.
Walter, Éric. "Etude de la surface de pigments de fer et de leur potentiel d'interaction avec les constituants de la couche active d'un support d'enregistrement magnétique." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0348.
Full textLepetit, Amaury. "Elaboration de matériaux composites à base de filaments de cellulose et de polyéthylène." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0057/document.
Full textOver the past two decades, the increase of environmental concerns and shortage of petroleum resources have provoked a growing interest in the use of natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers for the reinforcement of composites. Natural fibers possess desirable specific properties including biodegradability, renewability and low-cost. In addition, they have densities much lower than synthetic fibers, which makes them interesting for different applications ranging from automotive parts to packaging. Despite their benefits, certain drawbacks such as incompatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix, a tendency to form aggregates during processing and a poor resistance to moisture absorption, reduce the potential of these fibers to be used as a reinforcement of hydrophobic thermoplastic matrices.This thesis aims to substitute glass fibers by cellulose fibers for their use in fiber-reinforced composites. Reinforcement of LDPE composites with cellulose filaments (CF), supplied by our industrial partner Kruger, was studied. CF appear to an interesting alternative to glass fibers because they possess desirable specific properties including biodegradability, low density, high tensile strength and modulus as well as providing a low-cost and renewable option. However, the weak interfacial adhesion between CF and LDPE, and the high moisture absorption of CF led us to carry out several chemical modifications of CF in order to increase their hydrophobicity. Modified CF-composites exhibit higher mechanical properties and lower water uptake than unmodified CF-composites. Results obtained from acetylation, alkylation and paper sizing are described in this manuscript
Jacomine, Leandro. "Étude de l’influence de l’implantation ionique à haute énergie sur les propriétés de revêtements biocéramiques poreux." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/JACOMINE_Leandro_2010.pdf.
Full textThe increase of life expectancy in developed countries led to enhance prosthetic elements utilization for bone joints and dentistry applications. Depending on the patient and his pathology, their replacement may be necessary more or less prematurely, due to necrosis between bone and implant surface. The application of a bioceramic thin film onto the implant surface, followed by a treatment with high energy ions, can significantly reduce the replacement of prosthetic elements. In this thesis, we search for improve the mechanical properties and adhesion of hydroxyapatite layers deposited by pulsed laser deposition using a surface treatment of the deposit by using a beam of high energy particles. Three different doses were carried out : 5'1015 1016 and 2'1016 ions·cm-2. Improvement of mechanical properties of the layers were verified using nanoindentation and nanoscratch techniques; changes of physicochemical properties were measured by RBS, NRA, DRIFTS, GXRD and EDX techniques; and surface morphologies have been access by AFM and SEM techniques. At last, dissolution tests in biological environment have been implemented. The high energy ion implantation, applied to an optimal dose and adapted acceleration energy for a given implanted species leads to changes in topography, increasing mechanical properties and layer microstructural modifications. All these changes promote cell growth in in vitro dissolution test
Keller, Clément. "Etude expérimentale des transitions volume/surface des propriétés mécaniques du nickel polycristallin de haute pureté." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403216.
Full textRudloff, Mathieu. "Etude des mécanismes de transition volume/surface du comportement mécanique d'un alliage Ni20Cr." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564947.
Full textHelt, Sophie. "Traitement de surface et propriétés acido-basiques d'un carbure de silicium : application au collage structural du SiC." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT002C.
Full textGuillerm, Vincent. "Synthèse, fonctionnalisation et propriétés d'adsorption de nouveaux solides hybrides poreux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0001.
Full textPorous hybrid solids are intensively studied, and are of a growing interest, due to their polyfunctionality, for several field for their potential applications in catalysis, adsorption/storage/separation, optical properties, drug release, etc. The bibliographic part of this thesis summarizes the main concepts related to Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), with a particular interest in tetravalent metal chemistry (zirconium, titanium) and polycarboxylate based MOFs, as well as their functionalization and their sorption properties. The second part deals with the study of a series of functionalized « flexible » MOFs (belonging to the MIL-53(Cr) structure type), using organic groups exhibiting different polarities. This study goes from the synthesis to the gas sorption properties (CO2, CH4). The next chapter is looking toward MOFs synthesis using zirconium and titanium, which were up to now scarcely used in the field of MOFs. In the same way than previously, a large series of functionalized UiO-66 solids were studied, as well as few extended analogues, as well as an unprecedented isoreticular series of zirconium carboxylates, labeled MIL-140. A particular interest is here given to the comparison of these two series, both in term of hydrothermal and mechanical stabilities, which are of outmost importance for most of the industrial applications, but also in term of gas sorption properties (N2, CO2, CH4, H2S). Finally, several large scale syntheses of known or new MOFs have been performed, so that these compounds could be provided to few collaborators. Their published results have been inserted in this chapter
Benard, Quentin. "Compréhension de l'influence des propriétés de surface sur l'adhésion de matériaux composites à matrice organique, lors de tests de cisaillement simples." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0058.
Full textThis work is financially supported by a European project (FEDER), the region Haute Normandie and an industrial partnership in aeronautic field (AIRCELLE, SAFRAN group); its aim is to understand different phenomena governing adhesion in composite assemblies. The first part of this work is a bibliographic study on several adhesion phenomena. Then composite materials, manufacturing process and surface characterisations are introduced. The third part brings the first results on the influence of manufacturing and fibre reinforcement on composite adhesion. The two following parts take a special look at two specific surface treatment which are peel ply and excimer laser treatments. In the end, thermo-oxydative and hygrothermal ageing are studied in order to understand the potential influence of surface treatment on composite bonding. To sum up, the entire work is compiled in the conclusion where most of the elements can be used by the industrial
Péraud, Sandrine. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques de films minces de NiTi et de SiC réalisés par mixage ionique dynamique - application à la tenue en fatigue d'alliages de titane." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2376.
Full textMuller, Didier. "Influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de la fibre de polyester et de l'ensimage sur les interactions fibres-ensimages : diffusion - répartition - cohésion." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10063.
Full textBlanc, Laurianne. "Développement et modélisation de plateformes à ondes acoustiques de surface guidées : caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de films minces mésoporeux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668870.
Full textSaint-Pierre, Dorian. "Light interreflexions in ridged surfaces : influence of surface structure, material and lighting on color." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES041.
Full textLight interreflections are an optical phenomenon that remains relatively Under-investigated, and happening on every non-planar surface, precisely in their big or small concavities, and that noticeably affects their color appearance : each illuminated point in a concavity is then illuminating the other points of the cavity. This process of mutual illumination can happen indefinitely on a scattering surface. It is crucial to acknowledge a high number of light successive reflections to correctly predict a structured material appearance, for example in the case of 3D printing. We propose models allowing the description of these interreflections with quasi-analytical solutions, Under the assumption that the surface is periodically ridged, made of infinitely long V-cavities, identical and parallel, made of opaque material. Three types of interreflection model were studied: Lambertian, mirror-like, and « interfaced » Lambertian materials. The results of the models allowed us to deeply investigate the influence of the shape, the lighting geometry and of the material on the perceived color and radiance. The Lambertian model put the emphasis on a gain in radiance and chroma in the case of highly reflective scattering materials, which can disappear with a change in lighting. The specular only model shows the saturation of the perceived color as a function of the number of specular reflections, and the influence of the polarization change on the color. The interfaced Lambertian model propose a more realistic approach for real life materials, with small differences with the predictions obtained with the Lambertian only model. These models are a useful toolbox to get an idea of the different parameters influencing the color, which evolution of the color to expect, and to what extent the influence is significant, and how to explain the physical reasons behind them. The described evolutions can be generalized to more complex surface structure than the one studied in this work
Destribats, Mathieu. "Emulsions stabilisées par des particules colloïdales stimulables : propriétés fondamentales et matériaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593686.
Full textBercelli, Lorenzo. "Étude des propriétés en fatigue polycyclique des matériaux et des structures obtenus par le procédé de fabrication additive arc-fil." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0008.
Full textAdditive manufacturing processes act as an alternative to the production of complex geometries and high added value parts. It is the case in the naval industry for which the Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is used to fabricate hollow structures. WAAM materials usually show a heterogeneous microstructure, internal defects, a strong residual stress field and rough asbuilt surfaces. The objective of the present work is to propose a method for fatigue life prediction taking into account both the internal defects and the rough asbuilt surfaces. The material parameters of probabilistic models are determined through the use of thermometry in fatigue tests. Firstly, it is shown that the self-heating of machined samples is not affected by the presence of rare pores, allowing for the identification of the fatigue properties of a virtually defect-free WAAM material. Secondly, the use of infrared thermography allows for the detection and the tracking of fatigue cracks on rough as-built surfaces of samples, giving useful information to the modelisation of crack propagation. Finally, these tests results are confronted to the case of a hollow WAAM structures with rough as-built internal surfaces. The fatigue testing of these structures allow to set the basis of a fatigue dimensioning method
Kamgang, Noubissi Jean Omer. "Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques et décontamination des surfaces de matériaux par plasma d'arc glissant d'air humide." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES030.
Full textIn food industries and hospitals, hygienic problems often results from biofilm formation. These sessile microbial are known to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial compounds. To limit the impact of such unwanted structures, it is possible to prevent bacterial adhesion, or, thereafter, to kill adherent cell. Plasma involve the productions of highly reactive species and can be efficient in both strategies. In that context, we've designed a new operating technique exploiting the properties of humid air produced by gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. Experimentally, a 2. 5 minutes treatment of testing materials induces an increase of their surface hydrophily. By modifying their properties, the “glidarc” treatment also modified the adhesion behavior of Staphilococcus epidermidis. This adhesion increases whatever the material employed. Also, “glidarc” treatment of sessile microbial induces a total destruction of 106 UFC. Cm-2 of attached cells and 107 UFC. Cm-2 of biofilm
Deronzier, Eva. "Etude et optimisation des propriétés de transport de l’oxygène à travers des matériaux conducteurs mixtes pour la production d’énergie décarbonée." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0056.
Full textMixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIEC) are used in numerous areas, such as cathode materials for the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) or as membrane materials for the oxygen gas separation. However, currently, oxygen semi-permeation fluxes produced by ceramic membranes are too low for potential industrial applications. Our study focuses on the better understanding of the oxygen transport mechanisms through the ceramic membranes in order to improve the oxygen semi-permeation fluxes through the membrane. The oxygen transport properties of lanthanum-based or barium-based perovskite materials are characterized and studied by a new and original setup. Then, new architectures of membranes are developed and their electrochemical performances are characterized
Mehendale, Shruti. "Surface alloys of immiscible metals : STM studies of Fe and Au on Ru(0001)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077231.
Full textFormation of alloys has been a subject of great interest as it leads to formation of a new materials. In recent past, surface alloys, a completely different class of materials has been emerged. It is alloying confined to the surface layer, either between the substrate and the overlayer or between two different metals on a third substrate. It may involve alloying of two bulk-immiscible metals. Such alloys stabilized by stress, have been discovered but most of them fail to exhibit long range order. In present work, we have studied surface alloys of immiscible metals experimentally using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy as principle investigation technique. As a first step, overlayers of elements like Ag, Au and Fe on Ru(OOOl) are studied experimentally and modeled theoretically. Furthermore, a surface alloy of two immiscible metals Fe and Au has been successfully formed on the surface of Ru (0001). The stoichiometry of the alloy is varied and effect of annealing temperature on alloying process is observed. Atomically resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy measurements reveal the structure of the alloy and Low Energy Electron Diffraction is used as an complementary tool for confirmation of the structure and the long range ordering of the alloy. We find the beat ordering for Au₂Fe stoichiometry, displaying √3 X √3 structure, ab initio density functional theory calculations show that this is indeed thé most stable structure with the lowest energy of formation and magnetism provides an important stabilizing effect to the alloy. This opens up novel possibilities for creating new class of surface alloys besides the interest in studying the magnetic properties of FeAu alloy