Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés de fluorescence'
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Verdiere, Jérémy. "Étude de propriétés photophysiques de protéines fluorescentes par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS450/document.
Full textFluorescent proteins are widely used in biology studies since 20 years. Yet, the origin of their photophysical properties aren’t totally explained. Here, we try to improve the understanding of two particular fluorescent proteins: Padron and EosFP.In the protein Padron, we work on the isomerization of chromophore and try to determine whether isomerization and protonation are simultaneous or successive processes. During the isomerization, the potential donor is Tyr159.First, we show that, in vacuum, the proton transfer is quite unlikely whatever the chromophore geometry.In the protein (where the environment effect isn’t negligible) we evidence with molecular dynamics that, during isomerization, proton transfer stays marginal.In addition, these dynamics shown the appearance, at the end of isomerization, of a lot of water molecules channel between the chromophore and the solvent allowing a proton transfer. We conclude that isomerization and protonation are successive processes.In the case of the protein EosFP, we first analyze the effect of a water molecule which is found only in some of the crystallographic structures.Molecular dynamics of the protein with the chromophore in the ground state show that the water molecule doesn’t play any role neither in the hydrogen bond network nor in the absorption spectra.On the contrary, in the excited state, dynamics without this water show a significant faster decay of fluorescence that those with the molecule.In addition, those dynamics have demonstrate that during long period, the protein retains the chromophore in geometries in which it is unable to convert to the ground state, neither by fluorescence nor by internal conversion. Those “dark” geometries play a crucial role in the photophysics.To take them into account, we calculate the quantum yield and the fluorescence lifetime by direct integration along trajectories and by a kinetic scheme. We obtain a good qualitative agreement with the two methods
Ramos, Paul. "La lipase pancréatique humaine : Purification, propriétés catalytiques et propriétés de fluorescence." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13207.
Full textThis work of thesis is articulated around two parts. The first part describes the purification of human pancreatic lipase and the study of its catalytic properties. In a second part, more fundamental, the properties of fluorescence of human pancreatic lipase were studied. Lipase was purified starting from two origins: human pancreatic juice and recombinant human pancreatic lipase. The catalytic properties of the two purified enzymes were studied in titrimetry at constant pH. They were found identical to those of the enzyme present in the plasma of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. Moreover, the stability of the two preparations of purified enzyme proved to be excellent. In addition, the two preparations are commutable with the specimens coming from patients. They were certified by five laboratories (ours having coordinated the study) from four different countries. These results and the batches of these two materials were transmitted to the Bureau Communautaire de Référence (Brussels) for recording. These two materials will improve the comparability of results of measurements of the enzymatic activity of lipase in fundamental and clinical enzymology studies. In the second part we carried out the studies in fluorescence of wild pancreatic lipase and various mutants where a tryptophan was replaced by a phenylalanine. Wild pancreatic lipase has three distinct lifetimes. Only the change of tryptophan 30 involved the disappearance of the longest lifetime thus characterizing the contribution of this tryptophan in the total fluorescence of protein. Tryptophan 30 is very close to the lid covering the catalytic site with lipase in closed conformation (non active). We can attribute the long lifetime to tryptophan 30, which gives a convenient tool to follow with fluorescence the structural and likely functional variations of this important part of the protein during its activation by biliary salts and colipase. The study of the fluorescence of lipase in the presence of colipase and/or biliary salts by following the long lifetime of protein showed significant differences compared to the characteristics of fluorescence of F30 lipase without any effector (closed conformation). This tool should allow to easily identify inactive and active conformation thanks to measurement of the long lifetime of human pancreatic lipase
Coelho, Christian. "Fluorescence et propriétés photochimiques des matières organiques naturelles." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724606.
Full textBrokmann, Xavier. "Propriétés de fluorescence de nanocristaux de CdSe individuels." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007873.
Full textCdSe individuels. Nous montrons expérimentalement que le
clignotement de fluorescence de ces nanosources rend leur
fluorescence non ergodique, et génère un phénomène de
vieillissement statistique.
Nous montrons que l'observation par microscopie défocalisée de
nanocristaux de CdSe individuels permet de mesurer leur position
et leur orientation tridimensionnelle.
Nous prouvons expérimentalement que l'interaction d'un nanocristal
avec une interface diélectrique modifie son diagramme de
rayonnement ainsi que la durée de vie radiative de son état
excité. Ces modifications d'émission spontanée sont ensuite
utilisées pour mesurer le rendement quantique de l'état allumé
d'un nanocristal de CdSe.
Enfin, nous montrons que l'excitation impulsionnelle d'un
nanocristal permet de réaliser une source de photons uniques
déclenchée, en vue d'applications en traitement quantique de
l'information.
Carayon, Sophie. "Propriétés de fluorescence de nanocristaux de semiconducteurs II-VI." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010711.
Full textBenelhadj, Karima. "Synthèse et propriétés optiques de fluorophores à squelette iminophénol : transfert de proton à l'état excité et complexes de bore (III)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF060/document.
Full textProjects of this thesis focus on development and photophysical studies of new fluorescent probes built around an iminophenol skeleton, providing access to a panel of compounds absorbing and emitting over a broad spectral range {UV, visible, near infrared) and having excellent optical properties: significant absorption coefficients, high quantum yields and large Stokes shifts. Simple and efficient synthetic routes allowed the creation of a catalog of fluorophores emitting on a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The fine tuning of the absorption and emission wavelength of the fluorescent dyes were achieved by the substitution of different electro-attracting or -donating groups. ln particular, fluorescence due to an excited state intramolecular proton transfer process {ESIPT) has been studied. Syntheses and studies of boron complexes have also been achieved. Ligands are coordinated to a trivalent boron fragment, allowing a modulation of the optical properties and leading to highly luminescent B{lll) complexes
Spinicelli, Piernicola. "Contrôle des propriétés quantiques de fluorescence des nanocristaux semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440992.
Full textReecht, Gaël. "Propriétés optoélectroniques de fils moléculaires uniques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE028/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study on electronic and optoelectronic properties of polythiophene molecular wires by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). First, molecular wires are synthesized on a Au(111) surface . A spectroscopic study (STS) is realized on these molecular wires adsorbed on the surface. This study shows phenomena of electronic confinement for two different wire conformations (linear and cyclic). Then, by manipulation we manage to suspend a single polythiophenes wire between the tip and the surface of the STM. The transport properties of this molecular junction are investigated. We show that molecular orbitals of the wire are involved in the electronic transport. We observe an influence of the mechanical stress on the conductance, too. Finally, this thesis presents an original experiment of the photon emission of this molecular junction. With this study, we manage to detect the fluorescence of a single molecule directly bridging metallic electrodes
Maether, Marie-Pierre. "Colorants streptocyanines : synthèse et évaluation des propriétés antiplasmodiales." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30003.
Full textMalaria kills about 1 million people per year and parasites develop resistance to clinically used chemotherapeutic agents and prophylactic drugs. Therefore, an urgent need exists to develop new classes of antimalarial drugs. With this aim, streptocyanines, polymethine delocalized lipophilic cationic dyes, were synthesised by reaction of various nitrogen nucleophiles on carboxonium salts with variable length of the polymethine chain (5C, 7C, 9C). Hybrid molecules, streptocyanine/4-aminoquinoline and streptocyanine/peroxide, were also obtained. The most active compounds displayed sub-micromolar in vitro antiplasmodial activities and the best selectivity was obtained for 5C-streptocyanines. SAR studies have shown the influence of polymethine chain length and also the great importance of the structural modifications at nitrogen end groups. There was a moderate effect of para aromatic substitution, except for molecules with 4-fluoro phenyl groups associated with morpholino end-groups. The studies carried out for evaluate the mechanism of action show that the three studied streptocyanines don’t form complex with heme, and that the molecules 5C and 7C in opposition with 9C, could not have an effect on DNA replication and RNA transcription, but rather on proteins synthesised in the first part of erythrocyte cycle. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy observations show that only 9C could concentrate in nuclear parasite compartment. Only 9C as well, seem to interact with different single or double strand ODNs. In vitro gametocytocide activity was observed for the studied streptocyanines. The redox properties of some streptocyanines are also reported
Comesaña-Hermo, Miguel. "Synthesis of cobalt-based nanohybrids and study of their magnetic and optical properties : carbon coating and functionalization with luminescent dyes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1229/.
Full textCobalt nanoparticles (NPs) are important materials for applications in very different fields like magnetic storage technology, catalysis or medicine. These applications require different properties that are related with the surface state of the original particles. In this thesis we have functionalized the surface of isotropic and anisotropic Co NPs in order to fulfill this demand. Pre-synthesized Co nanowires have been submitted to a thermal treatment that permits the formation of carbon coated anisotropic objects, overcoming therefore one of the main limitations of this kind of materials: their instability towards oxidation. In other order of things, we have synthesized small Co NPs with a fluorophore (Rhodamine B) as unique stabilizer. Such system presents a very interesting opportunity to study the effect of the magnetic core over the optical properties of the dye and, at the same time, to observe how an excited organic molecule directly attached to the Co surface can have an effect over the magnetic properties of the particle. The same dye has been used under other synthetic conditions to promote the anisotropic growth of Co NPs, leading to the formation of monodisperse Co nanodisks. These particles present blocked behavior at room temperature, being therefore interesting materials for magnetic data storage devices or permanent magnets
Cornec, Anne-Sophie. "Synthèse et relation structure-propriétés photophysiques de nouveaux fluorophores diaziniques obtenus par réactions de couplage croisé et "Click Chemistry"." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES002.
Full textFrath, Denis. "Nouveaux complexes borates fluorescents : synthèses, propriétés et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923177.
Full textLefèvre, Sara. "Synthèse de récepteurs cyclotribenzylènes et hémicryptophanes : propriétés chiroptiques, reconnaissance moléculaire et fluorescence." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN016.
Full textBiology is an inspiration for chemists. Especially for the field of supramolecular chemistry, which one of the aim is to develop synthetic molecular receptors capable of molecular recognition to biological substrates, to mimic the activity of natural proteins for clinical applications.Cyclotribenzylene unit (CTB) is a C3-symmetry structure which present interesting recognition properties. When a CTB is connecting to another molecular unit by three spacers arms, it forms an hemicryptophane receptor. During this thesis, we worked on elaboration receptors based on CTB unit. First, a new way of enantiopure hemicryptophane synthesis on gram scale has been developed for stereoselective recognition of chiral neurotransmitters. Then receptors based on chirality of CTB and binaphthol unit has been developed. Assignment of absolute configuration of chiral unit was determined by a chemical correlation. Stereoselective recognition of carbohydrates by these receptors revealed good diastereoselectivity. Finally, a synthetic pathway leading to fluorescent hemicryptophanes was developed for bi-photonic excitation in order to realize in-vivo experiments of tracking biological substrates
Daviller, Daniel. "Influence conjuguée du broyage et du dopage sur certaines propriétés physiques d' alumine monocristalline." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844859.
Full textRoger, Maxime. "Développement de systèmes π-conjugués aux propriétés de fluorescence induite par l'agrégation (AIE)." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS005.
Full textThe fluorescence phenomenon while relatively rare in nature, is also commonly operating in various fields including optoelectronics for the conception of OLEDs and solar concentrators and biomedicals for imaging and therapy. This work falls into this context and aims at designing fluorescent molecules possessing aggregation induced emission (AIE) properites. In contrast to conventional fluorophores that suffer of aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenom, AIE fluorophores exhibit in general strong emission in the solid state while there are non-emissive in solution due to the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) which favor the radiative decay. This manuscript is built upon four chapters. The introduction describes the concept and the conditions required for a molecule to exhibit a AIE behaviour. The second chapter describes the synthesis and the characterization of AIEbased diphenylbuta-1,3-diene skeleton bearing electropolymerizable thiophene moieties. The third chapter is related to the development of donor-acceptor systems built upon a tetraphenylethene (TPE) core in view of extending their absorption / emission properties to the red or near infrared (600 nm - 1200 nm) region of the spectrum. Finally, the last chapter deals with the control and the modulation of the emission wavelength by exploiting the AIE behavior of two fluorophores based on tetraphenylethene and quinoline malononitrile induced by the folding of the chain of a thermoresponsive polymer, the poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline).Keywords: Molecular design, fluorophore, fluorescent, aggregation induced emission, AIE, organic synthesis, diphénylbuta-1,3-diène, tetraphenylethene, quinoline malononitrile, poly(2-oxazoline)
Vu, Thanh-Truc. "Optimisation des propriétés émissives du BODIPY en phase condensée par modulation de la nature des substituants." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718970.
Full textBizien, Thomas. "Organisations multi-échelles de nanobâtonnets semi-conducteurs par auto-assemblage : synthèse, structures et propriétés optiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S062/document.
Full textObtaining structured materials on multiple scales provides innovative physical properties, which differ from the individual properties of the constituent building blocks. In this thesis we focused on obtaining materials with novel optical properties. Thus semiconductor anisotropic core/shell rods have been synthesized. Their shape allows them to assemble into liquid-crystalline phases. After functionalization of the surface by hydrophilic molecules having a negative charge, an innovative method of drying the rods suspension between a substrate and a microstructured mold was applied and macroscopic structures organized on several scales were obtained. Other assembly methods have also been studied as the use of an organic mold forcing the structuration according to a particular crystalline phase, but also the selective hybridization of complementary DNA strands between rods and metal nanoparticles. The optical properties of these materials were then analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy and several cases have shown an enhancement of the fluorescence intensity
Guieu, Valérie. "Nouvelles streptocyanines fluorescentes dans le proche infrarouge : synthèse, propriétés photophysiques et applications." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30178.
Full textApplications of streptocyanines are numerous especially in physics and biology. Our lab has been synthezising streptocyanines with 5, 7 and 9 carbon atoms polymethine chain lengths. The synthetic pathway concerns the reaction of nitrogen nucleophiles with carboxonium salts. It leads to very differently structured dyes absorbing and emitting fluorescence from 400 to 700 nm. Using these dyes in biological media needs to go beyond the biological autofluorescence. So we decided to synthezise nonacarbon chain streptocyanine dyes emitting fluorescence in the near infrared region. Generalizing the synthesis method for nonacarbon chain carboxonium salts allowed to reach better purities. Various nonacarbon chain streptocyanines have been obtained. Substitution of the meso position has been achieved with different nucleophiles. It leads to dyes that exhibit a Stokes' shift of 100 nm which is of the big interest to detect fluorescence easily. Nonacarbon chain hemicarboxonium salts have also been synthesised. Their reactivity towards amines proves their potential use as covalent fluorescent probes. Photochemical stability of some new streptocyanine dyeshas been studied using single molecule microscopy
Maamar, Amel. "Synthèse et propriétés complexantes de multi-calixarènes." Strasbourg 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13009.
Full textIn a first part, we have synthesized multi-calixarenes containing one to six calixarenic units connected by various spacers. In a second part, we have chosen some derivatives previously synthesized to build based-calixarenes fluoroionophores with one type of fluorophore (pyrene) or mixed fluorophores (pyrene and rhodamine). All the derivatives thus synthesized were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF, microanalysis and in certain cases, X-rays diffraction. In a last part, we have studied the chelating and extracting properties of six of the ligands synthesized before, with respect to seven cations of trivalent lanthanides (La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Er and Yb and some transition metals (Co, Cu, Zn, Cd) and Al. At the end of the thesis we have presented a study of the complexation by fluorescence. The presence of a transfer of the FRET type is shown
Zhao, Huiyu. "Analyse de la matière organique et ses propriétés dans l’environnement naturel en spectroscopie de fluorescence 3D traitée par PARAFAC." Thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0003/document.
Full textFluorescence excitation and emission matrices (EEM) are used to characterize natural organic matter (NOM). To make best use of this information, PARAFAC, a trilinear algorithm is employed. After removing Rayleigh and Raman scattering and correction of the inner filter effect, this method allows separating the spectral components present in MEEF.This work presents two studies: the characterization and quantification of NOM according to its origin and calculation of environmental complexation constants of NOM towards copper as ionic form.Spectral components and their relative intensities are calculated by PARAFAC from 1146 samples gathered according to the missions, the medium type, or the salinity level. To study these components, a new spectral representation is proposed in order to highlight their spectral variability. The results show that even when samples spectra of various origins are clustered, the overall spectral overlap and the relative intensities remain almost similar. On the whole spectral range, areas corresponding to humic substances are quite variable, compared to the protein zone.Metal complexation by NOM is analyzed by combination of four tools: metal ions logarithmic addition, MEEF measurement, the PARAFAC dissociation method and the PROSECE modelling algorithm. Fluorescence quenching measurement is not only limited to the modelling of fluorescence intensity but also to the relative intensity of each PARAFAC-dissociated component though surpassing the methods used so far. Finally, the application of this improving technique leads to quantify NOM complexation properties using a two-complexing sites complexation model for each PARAFAC-dissociated component by using the whole fluorescence signal
Mallek-Zouari, Ikbel. "Propriétés quantiques de la fluorescence de nanocristaux CdSe/CdS déposés sur des nanostructures métalliques." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606995.
Full textJoubert, Marie-France. "Rôle de l'interaction d'échange sur les propriétés de fluorescence de matériaux concentrés en terbium." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10010.
Full textIngert, Dorothée. "Synthèse et propriétés optiques de semiconducteurs II-VI à l'échelle nanométrique." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066250.
Full textMassin, Julien. "Ingénierie moléculaire pour l'imagerie par microscopie non-linéaire : synthèse et propriétés de nouvelles sondes." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENSL0701.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the design of new organic probes for nonlinear optical microscopy by two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). In the first part, we describe the synthesis of probes for voltage sensitive imaging by SHG, bearing one or more sugar units and their spectroscopic characterization. The first biological imaging tests have shown good affinity of the probes to the cell membrane and the SHG signal of neuronal cell was observed over a period of nearly three hours. The second part comprises the synthesis and the study of chromophores with solid state fluorescence properties for use in fluorescent nanoparticles for biological imaging. 18 of the 21 compounds synthesized have been crystallized, their crystal structures determined by X-ray diffraction and their spectroscopic properties studied in solution and in the solid state. These studies showed that the arrangement of molecules relative to each had a great influence on the solid state fluorescence and therefore that the substitution was very important. The chapter ends with the first tests of fluorescent nanoparticles synthesis
Lô, Cheikh A. el Kabir. "Electrosynthèse, étude des propriétés optiques et physico-chimiques, caractérisation structurale de matériaux conducteurs obtenus à partir de thiénobenzothiophènes : effet des milieux organisés." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077101.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to carry out the electrosynthesis, and to study the structural and optical characteristics of new conducting polymers containing benzothienothiophenes. We prepared films of poly(1 [thiophene-2-yl] benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene), poly(2-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) and poly(3-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) in acetonitrile and partially-aqueous micellar medium containing SDS. A lowering of the oxidation potentials of the corresponding monomers was observed in the micellar medium, relatively to the acetonitrile medium. Using MALDI-TOF and IRTF analyses as well as MO theoretical calculations, based on a mechanism of coupling by radical-cations, we have determined the structures of the obtained short-chain oligomers. These polymer films are characterized by an important red-shift of the fluorescence maximum compared to that of the corresponding monomer. In order to determine the effect of substituents on the electropolymerization process and optical properties, we also proceeded to the electropolymerisation of other thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophenes, variously substituted by methyl, acetate of methyl and/or methoxy groups. We have compared the optical properties of these various monomers which, because of their interesting UV absorption and fluorescence characteristics,,might be applied to build electronic components by using the corresponding polymers
Charier, Sandrine. "Ingénierie des propriétés thermodynamiques et cinétiques de molécules organiques : application : développement de sondes fluorescentes optimisées pour la mesure de pH." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066193.
Full textJi, Botao. "Synthèse et propriétés optiques de quantum dots fluorescents plasmoniques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01065068.
Full textMartini, Matteo. "Synthesis and optical properties of fluorescein encapsulated in gold (core) / silica (shell) architectures : how gold renders particles brighter." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0035/these.pdf.
Full textLe sujet de la thèse concerne l'élaboration et la caractérisation de nanostructures de silice contenant à la fois des fluorophores organiques et des nanoparticules d'or. Précisément, il s’agit d’architectures de type cœur – coquille (cœur=or, coquille=silice) préparées en utilisant les méthodes de la chimie sol-gel. Dans la première partie du travail consacrée à l’élaboration, nous avons démontré que la technique de microémulsion permettait l’encapsulation simultanée de molécules organiques et de nano-objets métalliques dans des billes de silice. En particulier, nous avons montré par microscopie électronique à transmission que la formation préliminaire d’un cœur d’or à l’intérieur des micelles avait un effet structurant sur les coquilles de silice, conférant aux architectures finales un strict contrôle de la taille, de l’homogénéité et de la morphologie. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous avons apporté la preuve que les objets ainsi réalisés présentaient des propriétés optiques inédites. En effet, on peut en augmenter la luminescence par simple incorporation de quantités grandissantes de fluorophores organiques sans se heurter à la limitation habituelle générée par le « quenching de concentration ». Dans le but d’élucider ce phénomène, nous avons étudié systématiquement les propriétés optiques de ces architectures par des mesures de fluorescence (pour en déterminer le rendement quantique) et en temps résolu (pour en déterminer la durée de vie). Nous avons conclu que, contrairement aux prédictions de la littérature, la présence de particules d’or ne modifiait que très peu la vitesse de désexcitation radiative des fluorophores mais, en revanche, en diminuait de manière nette celle de désexcitation non radiative. Pour parfaire la compréhension de ce dernier phénomène, nous avons mesuré les vitesses de transfert d'énergie entre fluorophores par des mesures d'anisotropie stationnaire et dépendante du temps. Ces mesures montrent que, si la présence d’or accélère d’un facteur significatif la vitesse de transfert, ceux-ci se font aussi de manière plus sélective. Les transferts d’excitation vers les dimères organiques (se comportant comme des puits de fluorescence) deviennent alors très peu probables, ce qui permet d’expliquer finalement la quasi-suppression du « quenching de concentration ». Les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse ouvrent la voie au développement de sondes plus performantes dans les domaines de la bio-détection et de l’imagerie de fluorescence
Franc, Grégory. "Dendrimères phosphorés : propriétés de fluorescence et applications dans les domaines des matériaux et de la catalyse." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/218/.
Full textDendrimers are macromolecules constituted of a repetitive sequence of monomers, growing from a multifonctional core in a radial iterative fashion: their properties are closely linked to their architecture. Since 1994, the Majoral-Caminade group has focused its attention on that macromolecular architecture, more especially to the phosphorus-containing ones inside the skeleton. During the thesis, the aim was to demonstrate the versatility of this platform by studying three different topics. Firstly, incorporation of a chromophore inside the skeleton was elaborated to study the variation of the quantum yields, the functionalization of one of the molecule obtained allowed then the elaboration of an hybrid material for the detection of (nitro)phenols through the formation of hydrogen bond. Then, modification of the periphery of those phosphorus dendrimers with bisphosphonate end-groups allowed the complexation of differente rare-earth metals triflate (namely Gd and Sc). Finally, a collaboration with the University of Barcelona permitted the grafting of a 15-membered azamacrocycle to study the field of "supermacromolecular" chemistry to demonstrate one more time the versatility of the phosphorus dendritic platform
El, Hadj Karim. "Assemblages supramoléculaires fonctionnels de protéines photosensibles et de nanotubes de carbone : morphologie et propriétés de fluorescence." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2095.
Full textEnergy transfer mechanisms in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) / photosensitive proteins assemblies are investigated using optical absorption and photoluminescence excitation measurements. The morphology of the assemblies was investigated by atomic force and transmission electron microscopy. Proteins are immobilized onto the sidewall of the carbon nanotubes using a sodium cholate suspension-dialysis method that maintains the intrinsic properties of both molecules. The SWNT / bacteriorhodopsin assemblies are stable in aqueous solutions for pH ranging from 4. 2 to 9 and exhibit photoluminescence properties that are pH-dependent. Energy transfer from bacteriorhodopsin to carbon nanotubes takes place. So, at pH higher than 5 and up to 9, the SWNTs absorb the photons emitted by the aromatic residues of the protein inducing a strong increase in intensity of the E11 emissions of SWNTs through their E33 and E44 excitations. From a pH = 4. 2 to pH = 5, the protein fluorescence is strongly quenched whatever the emission wavelengths. New additional fluorescence features of SWNT appear at excitation wavelengths ranging from 660 to 680 nm and at 330 nm. The presence of these features is attributed to a resonance energy transfer mechanism that has an efficiency of 94 %. The SWNT / C-phycocyanin assemblies exhibit a resonant energy transfer for excitation wavelengths near 620 nm. The efficiency is 92 %
Spadafora, Marie. "Synthèse stéréosélective de nucléosides ratiométriques fluorescents de type 2-aryl-3-hydroxychromone : incorporation dans des séquences d'oligonucléotides et étude des propriétés biophysiques." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4090.
Full textFrom its high sensitivity, fluorescence spectroscopy is an important tool for studying nucleic acid/ligand interactions and their dynamic. Recently, several fluorescent nucleoside analogues were reported in the literature. However, these classically used dyes display severe limitations in a number of cases which largely limit their applications. Consequently, there is a strong demand for new sensitive nucleoside probes with improved spectroscopic properties. On the other hand, 3- hydroxychromones (3-HC) have been shown to be powerful fluorescence probes for a large variety of applications in model membranes, biomembranes and proteins. However, until now, no study with 3-HC labelled nucleic acids was described in literature. In this context, our objective was to synthesize new modified fluorescent nucleosides where the natural base is substituted or functionalized by a 3-HC chromophore, to study the spectroscopic properties of these dyes, to incorporate them into oligonucleotides and to study the biophysical and photophysical properties of the 3-HC labelled oligonucleotides. To attain this goal, we have first developed two strategies to obtain several nucleoside analogues bearing at the anomeric position different aryl groups. In a second step, using these procedures and other original routes eight 3-HC fluorescent probes were prepared and characterized for their absorption and fluorescence properties. These studies showed that each probe has its own spectral signature and some of them are particularly sensitive to the nature of the environment. Finally, the probes with the highest sensitivity to environment change and the most appropriate photophysical properties in aqueous media were selected and incorporated into oligonucleotides
Boudjema, Lotfi. "Etude des propriétés d'adsorption d'hydrocarbures par des polymères de coordination en milieu humide." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0017/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is focused on the study of wet adsorption and separation properties by porous coordination polymers. We used adsorption volumetry, gas chromatography separation techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy techniques and Monte Carlo modeling to understand the mechanisms governing the adsorption of these materials. The adsorbable molecules studied are water and hydrocarbon vapors linear (pentane and n-hexane), cyclic (cyclohexane and cyclohexene) and polycyclic (anthracene). The adsorbents studied are the Prussian Blue Analogues (ABP) as well as two reference porous organometallic materials, ZIF8 and CuBTC. Among the main results provided by this work, we have shown that Prussian Blue Analogues have remarkable hydrothermal stability conferring them very promising wet adsorption properties. Among the ABPs studied, Co [CoIII (CN)6] 0.66 ⊡0.33 .5.2H2O showed adsorption and separation properties far superior to those of other ABPs. For example, it has been possible to modulate its hydrophobic / hydrophilic balance by controlling the coordination of water on the unsaturated metal center, while preserving its lipophilic character. We have also shown that this Prussian blue analogue is capable of separating mixtures of dry or very wet hydrocarbons repeatedly. On a more fundamental aspect, we have shown that the confinement of anthracene by ZIF-8, which is a porous organometallic compound with cavities of size adjusted to that of the fluorophore, could induce a complete extinction of certain absorption bands of this one
Souici, Abdelhafid. "Etude des propriétés optiques et structurales de nanoparticules de ZnS et PbS induites par radiolyse." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112066.
Full textThe present study examines the ZnS and PbS semiconductor nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis of solution containing the thiol (RSH) and the ions of zinc (Zn²⁺) or of lead (Pb²⁺). The optical and structural properties of these nanoparticles have been analysed according to different parameters such as: dose, dose rate, concentrations of the precursors and pH solution. The ZnS nanoparticles with size ranged between 0,9 and 2,2 nm have been generated after irradiation. The control of the nanoparticles size allows not only the observation of the quantum size effect but also the command of their optical properties (350 – 450 nm). However, the PbS nanoparticles formed under irradiation of solution pH ≈ 4 characterized by excitonics bands in the near infrared have a size between 9 and 45 nm. The absorption and fluorescence bands observed in the ultraviolet and the visible ranges are due to the formation of nanoparticles of (PbS)n in the presence of the complex (Pb²⁺ - RSH). The radiolytic formation yield of (ZnS)n and of (PbS)n nanoparticles shows the effect of the alcohol function(-OH) of the thiol on the mechanism of formation. The nanoparticles of (ZnS)n are formed with radiolytic yield of G ≈ 3 x 10⁻⁷ mol J⁻¹ close to the one solvated electron
Heck, Romain. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de nouvelles métallo-cyclodextrines." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10165.
Full textThis work deals with two aspects of the study of new Metallocyclodextrins. First of all, the "phosphine-imide" reaction was generalised to the synthesis of a new family of multichromophoric and multicomplexant supramolecular podands : URFT urei͏̈docyclodextrins (URFT = Upper Rim Fully Tethered) and URFT thiourei͏̈docyclodextrins. Moreover, a new fast and reproducible synthesis of symmetrically trifunctionnalised a-cyclodextrin was developed. Second of all, specific physicochemical properties related to selective metal coordination and complexation and to fluorescence properties of URFT urei͏̈docyclodextrins "rare earth" complexes were investigated. The new systems were found to have very selective and original coordination processes towards transition metals cations. "Rare earth" complexes fluorescence emission was found to be highly sensitive towards the presence of transition metals cations and small organic molecules
Loizeau, Damien. "Étude des propriétés physicochimiques de phospholipides cationiques utilisés comme vecteurs de gènes." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2065.
Full textThe aim of the report is to study the formation and the physicochemical properties of liposomes and lipoplexes, in particular by fluorescence measurements, in order to determine the key factors for biological activity. First, we have optimized the formulation of the various compounds. We also showed that the number of charge and the length of the acyl chain strongly affect the formation of liposomes. Fluorescence measurements have shown correlation between structure and physicochemicals properties of liposomes. The presence of at least one insaturation allows to fluidify strongly the bilayer, furthermore the length of the acyl chain affects fusogenicity of liposomes. The last part of this work showed that there are different types of lipoplexes according to the CR. These influence strongly the proporties of the lipoplexes: low RC have slow kinetic of complexation and their transfection efficiency in vitro is sharply lower. Results in vivo confirmed the efficiency of some lipids but in a different order than in vitro, so it is necessary to study other parameters
Abyan, Mouhammad. "Effet des polymères sur la croissance et les propriétés optiques de microcristaux organiques luminescents." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30143.
Full textOrganic microcrystals were prepared from a fluorescent compound, 4-n-octylamino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-C8), using the reprecipitation method based on solvent exchange. The use of this dye allowed all the steps of the reprecipitation process to be followed by various optical methods. We showed that the addition of synthetic polymers to the reprecipitation medium was an original way to control the shape and the size of the organic microcrystals formed. In the presence of these additives, the reprecipitation process was strongly accelerated. The method allowed us to obtain several homogeneous samples of microcrystals. Which were studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our approach is interesting for better understanding the optical properties of organic compounds of micrometric size, which are still very badly known. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical field, to control the size of drug particles and to facilitate their solubilization
Kachatkou, Dzmitry. "Photophysical and photobiological characteristics of liposomal forms of mTHPC Propriétés photophysiques et photobiologiques des formes liposomales de la mTHPC." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10060/document.
Full textTo improve the pharmacological parameters of a second-generation photosensitizer meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) several commercial liposomal formulations were designed, among them Foslip, which corresponds to mTHPC in conventional liposomes. The objective of this work was to study photophysical and photobiological characteristics of Foslip. Exposure of Foslip suspensions to small light doses (10 mJ) resulted in a substantial drop in fluorescence, which however, was restored after destruction of liposomes. We attributed this behavior to photoinduced fluorescence quenching. This effect was revealed only for high local mTHPC concentrations in lipid bilayer. The results were interpreted supposing energy migration between closely located mTHPC molecules with its subsequent dissipation by the molecules of photoproduct acting as excitation energy traps. Photoinduced fluorescence quenching together with polarization techniques and liquid chromatography was successfully applied for estimation of the redistribution rate of mTHPC molecules from the liposomes to plasma proteins and lipid membranes. Foslip liposomes were shown to be stable in human blood serum for at least 3 hours. Such increased stability was attributed to incorporation of hydrophobic photosensitiser into lipid bilayer. The processes of mTHPC redistribution after Foslip intratumoral injection in a model of breast cancer recurrence were found to be in good agreement with the results obtained from in vitro study of mTHPC redistribution from Foslip to pure DPPC liposomes. It was demonstrated that photoinduced fluorescence quenching phenomena should be taken into account while using optical techniques for studying in vivo and in vitro applications of liposomal mTHPC formulations
Bodar-Houillon, Florence. "Apport de l'unité 2,2'-bipyrazine dans la conception de nouvelles structures supramoléculaires : propriétés de fluorescence de leurs complexes d'europium (III)." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10257.
Full textChen, Jian-Wei. "Contribution à l'étude des solutions micellaires et microémulsionnées : corrélation entre les propriétés dérivées de méthodes électrochimiques et spectrofluorimétriques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19040.
Full textZhang, Liyuan. "Elaboration et propriétés de luminescence et de scintillation de matériaux denses à base de lutécium dopés aux ions cérium et praséodyme." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10025.
Full textKaddah, Samar. "Effet du cholestérol sur les propriétés physiques des membranes liposomiales de type dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine : application aux triterpènes tétra- et pentacycliques." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1102/document.
Full textTriterpenes are C30 compounds derived from the cyclization of 2,3-epoxysqualene. The industrial use and the therapeutic interest of the triterpenes represent a capital importance in the field of the research of the natural substances. As for cholesterol, it has been widely known in the literature by its modulating role of natural as well as synthetic membranes. In our thesis work, we were interested in studying the effect of triterpenes and cholesterol on the fluidity and permeability of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes. Two approaches are used to carry out these studies via liposomes fillers or preformed liposomes. Permeability studies are carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy through the monitoring of a hydrophilic fluorophore, sulforhodamine B as a function of time. Studies of fluidity are carried out by electronic paramagnetic resonance. These probes make it possible to evaluate the fluidity at the interface of the membrane as well as at the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The data obtained from the release kinetics of sulforhodamine are quantified by mathematical models. These latter will serve as tools to predict the release mechanisms. Our results show that the permeability as well as the fluidity of the membranes are reduced following the addition of cholesterol. The effect of triterpenes on the physical properties of membranes is highly dependent on membrane composition, cholesterol level, the drug structure and incubation time
Wei, Yiqian. "Design de dendriméres fluorescents pour l'imagerie." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/929/.
Full textDendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules constituted of monomers associated around a multifunctional core. In this thesis, we tried to construct a dendrimer fluorescent in the Near-Infrared zone for noninvasive in vivo imaging. Then, we developed a fluorescent polycationic dendrimer in order to " view " the DNA transfert process. We also synthesized and characterized a water-soluble dendrimer with PEG chains on the surface. Several dendrimers containing two-photon absorption fluorophores, called " organic nanadots ", were also obtained. One of those nanodot is biocompatible and could be a new contrast agent for fluorescence imaging due to its surprising physical properties
Le, Lan Charlotte. "Propriétés structurales de la cavéoline-1 et interactions à l'interface membranaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077055.
Full textCaveolin-1 (21kDa) is the main component of specific microdomain of the plasma membrane, enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, called caveolae. These structures play a role in many cellular processes. A protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions networks occur within these structures. The main goal of this work bas been to contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of the interactions networks between caveolin-1, lipids and proteins, in order to understand the structure and multifunctional role of caveolae. In the absence of any available structural information at the atomic level on any components of caveolae to describe these networks, our first work has been to focus on the structure of the main caveolae component, i. E caveolin-1 and more particularly the membrane attachment domain N-MAD or CSD (including CRAC motif) and the intra -membrane domain. One of our goals was to obtain a large quantity of these domains to perform an NMR study. To this aim chemical synthesis and biochemical synthesis were used. Our work has provided the fîrst structural data and interaction with lipids of caveolin-1 fragment, CSD and CRAC in various membrane mimics. NMR structural study of the synthetic fragment including CSD and the hydrophobic domain highlights two a helical regions (82 to 102 and 115 to 120)
Ghose, Avisek. "Etude des propriétés photophysiques de dérivés de l’oxyluciférine et leurs applications à l’étude d’interactions entre biomolécules." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ005/document.
Full textIn this work, we investigated the emission mechanism of the optically active part of the firefly luciferin-luciferase complex. This bioluminescent system is widely used in bioanalytical assay. This amazing natural phenomenon results in the emission of visible light (yellow-green-red) from the photoproduct Oxyluciferin. This color tuning mechanism involves six chemical species, but their active involvement in the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) mechanism was poorly understood so far. One of the main finding presented here relies on the identification of six chemical forms of Oxyluciferin involved in the color tuning fluorescence emission mechanism. This result was obtained by studying the optical properties of different structural analogues of firefly Oxyluciferin in aqueous buffer. Different spectroscopic (steady state and time-resolved) and chemometric approaches have been applied to reveal the emission mechanism. In addition, the photophysical properties of Oxyluciferin in complex with the Luciferase enzyme Luciola cruciata have been studied in aqueous buffer as well. In parallel, derivatives displaying environment sensitive emission were used to monitor biomolecular interactions. In particular, we demonstrated that Oxyluciferin can be employed to map intracellular pH by using fluorescence microscopy within living cells. With the help of another Oxyluciferin derivative we were able to monitor the interaction between a HIV-1 protein and different oligonucleotide sequences by means of ratiometric measurements. Finally we develop an approach based on cysteine labeling to monitor in vitro protein-protein interaction
Mahler, Benoît. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocristaux colloïdaux de semiconducteurs II-VI à structure cœur/coque : contrôle de la cristallinité et des propriétés d'émission." Paris 6, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00534683.
Full textWeibel, Nicolas. "Marqueurs luminescents à base d'ions lanthanides : synthèse,propriétés et marquage de protéines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/WEIBEL_Nicolas_2005.pdf.
Full textNumerous non isotopic detection systems have been developed, as for instance organic fluorophores usually associated with conventional fluorescence microscopy. This technique is sensitive enough for many applications in the biological imaging field (visualization of tissues and cells). Nevertheless, their use is restricted by the autofluorescence of the observed biological samples and light scattering in the apparatus. Time resolved luminescence microscopy was proposed as an alternative to avoid the disadvantages, thanks to the introduction of a suitable delay between the excitation of the sample and the measurement of the luminescence signal. As soon as 1978, luminescent lanthanide complexes appeared as interesting candidates as labels for biomedical applications. In the cases of europium and terbium complexes, luminescence lifetimes up to the millisecond can be obtained, leading to an improved temporal resolution in the treatment of the luminescence signal with a concomitant increase of the signal-to-noise ratio. We have synthesized a set of ligands based on the 6-carboxy-2,2'-bipyridine unit and studied the photophysical properties of their lanthanide complexes. The activated complexes based on a functionalized glutamic acid skeleton allowed the labeling of different compounds (silica particles, model protein) leading to their use in time resolved luminescence microscopy (Eu3+, Tb3+) and to the study of their relaxivity (Gd3+). We have also modified these chelates in order to improve both their physicochemical (stability, solubility) and spectroscopic (absorption, emission) properties
Pellet-Rostaing, Stéphane. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de complexation de systèmes bihétérocycliques organisés sur une plate-forme calixarénique." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10184.
Full textLai, Thanh Loan. "Organogels photoactifs : Synthèse, structuration et propriétés." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0012/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of original bis(urea) low molecular weight organogelators (LMWG), integrating or not fluorescent pyrene units. This study integrates organic synthesis of these systems, study of their gelling capacity for various solvents, characterization of the corresponding self-assembled structures through various spectroscopic and microscopy techniques, and finally implementation of an original structuring method by alignment of the self-assembled fibers. Two first model bis(urea) organogelators were synthesized and their ability to gel multiple solvents as well as the structuration of the corresponding self-assemblies have been studied in detail (NMR, optical and electron microscopy). Alignment of the resulting fibers has been successfully performed using a template method, by filling the pores of an alumina membrane, followed by dissolution of the latter. A second series of bis(urea) organogelators, which incorporate one, two or three pyrene fluorescent units was synthesized. The integration of this unit in our gels has proved useful in several ways. First, it acts as an internal probe for further characterize the resulting self-assembled structures, using variable temperature absorption and emission spectroscopies. The pyrene unit also contributes to the robustness of the nanostructured objects, as remarkably evidenced in hybrid gels involving tris(pyrenyl) C3 symmetry gelators associated to either a bis(pyrenyl) gelator or to a π-acceptor derivative
Kharbache, Hayat. "Propriétés de fluorescence de l'ion Eu3+ dans K2(Y, Gd)F5 : analyse des couplages Eu3+-Eu3+ et des mécanismes de division de photons." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728845.
Full textRussier, Isabelle. "Etude spectroscopique des dimères de lithium." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10013.
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