Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés à rupture'
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Osmani, Hocine. "Rupture des composites céramique-céramique à fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0059.
Full textHenry, Ronan. "Caractérisation locale des propriétés à la rupture du combustible nucléaire irradié." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI031.
Full textThe nuclear fuel UO2 of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is a refractory ceramic sintered into pellets. During service, the heat produced by the nuclear reaction is transferred to the coolant by thermal conduction, leading to a significant difference of temperature between the pellet center, around 1000°C, and the pellet rim, around 500°C. At the first power rise, this gradient generates systematically large cracks which divide pellets into a few pieces. Moreover, during power transients, additional cracking is generated at the pellet rim and for simulated accidental situations, important rises of temperature lead to a complete fracturing of the fuel. Numerical simulations of the nuclear fuel behavior under irradiation needs specific properties of the material. To model the brittle cracking of the fuel in PWRs, it is necessary to experimentally measure its fracture properties and their evolution with irradiation. Nevertheless, because of pellet cracking, it is impossible to manufacture macroscopic specimens on irradiated fuel. The goal of this PhD work was to develop methods of fracture properties measurement adapted to the irradiated nuclear fuel at a room temperature. To this end, micromechanical tests has been set up to make measurements into the pieces of the cracked fuel. Two kind of tests has been studied. The first method is the nano-indentation, which has already been studied before, and were completed in this work. This method consist to make a print with a pyramidal tip on the polish surface of a sample. Depending on the load applied, cracks appear around the indentation print and the fracture toughness can be evaluated. The second method is a conventional bending test adapted to the microscopic scale. It allows the measurement of fracture toughness when the specimen is notched, and fracture stress measurement when there is no notch. To prepare such micro-specimens, a focalized ion beam (FIB) is used and a nano-indenter is employed to bend them up to fracture. To set up and validate measurements of the two methods, a model material was first used: the cubic zirconia ZrO2. The ceramic material has crystallographic and mechanical properties close to the UO2 fuel, and is not, during setting up steps, submitted to constraints linked to the nuclear environment. Then, the measurements methods has been applied to both fresh and irradiated in PWR nuclear fuel. This work showed the complementarity between the two studied methods. Indentation is a very convenient and versatile technique, which allows a large number of tests at different radial positions of irradiated fuel pellets. Micro-cantilever bending is longer to set up and use and needs several laboratory equipment, but is closer to conventional mechanical tests. It also gives needed results about fracture stress on irradiated fuels, and allows an evaluation of the resistance of specific crystallographic planes or grain boundaries, which were not accessible before on the nuclear fuel
Vlieghe, Mélody. "Agrégation et rupture de flocs sous contraintes turbulentes : dynamique des propriétés morphologiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12114/1/vlieghe.pdf.
Full textBen, Ayad Mohamed. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés mécaniques (rupture) et électrique de systèmes de percolation." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4226.
Full textGuyon, Gilles. "Prévisions de la rupture différée du Pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10556.
Full textCaumes, Philippe. "Rupture d'un matériau anisotrope en conditions polymodales (le bois)." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10559.
Full textSansen, Pascal. "Formulation énergétique d'un critère de rupture locale d'un solide en thermoplasticité." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-81.pdf.
Full textBouhrara, Driss. "Comportement mécanique en rigidité et à rupture d'un matériau composite fibres-ciment." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10261.
Full textMiaudet, P. "Structure et propriétés de fibres de nanotubes de carbone à haute énergie de rupture." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583652.
Full textMiaudet, Pierre. "Structure et propriétés de fibres de nanotubes de carbone à haute énergie de rupture." Bordeaux 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583652.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of polymer/carbon nanotube composite fibers with original properties. They particularly exhibit a very high toughness, potentially useful for future ballistic applications. Indeed, their ability to absorb energy is the most important ever observed for a material. This property is linked with composite structure of the fibers, which is closer from the natural fibers one like spider silk, than from usual high performance synthetic fibers one. This manuscript presents studies about the influence of structural modifications on mechanical, electrical and thermo‐mechanical properties of the fibers, which highlighted new properties, such as shape and temperature memory effect. We hope that the fundamental results obtained in this work will help for the development of several and various applications, particularly in the field of textiles and protection materials
Villechaise, Bernard. "Mécanique des contacts : élasticité et rupture : document de synthèse." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19043.
Full textDaouadji, Ali. "Modélisation de l'influence de la rupture des grains sur le comportement des matériaux granulaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0630.
Full textTemimi-Maaref, Nadia. "Comportement thermo-mécanique et rupture de polypropylènes. Etude expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188389.
Full textChambolle, Damien. "Étude sur la rupture de composites à matrice métallique et à renforts discontinus : aluminium, carbure de silicium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0133.
Full textVu, Hong-Nga. "Etude des relations microstructure-propriétés de polymères semi-cristallins par la méthode "Essential Work of Fracture"." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0094/these.pdf.
Full text[This thesis aims to study the fracture behaviour of ductile thin semicrystalline polymer films using the Essential Work of Fracture (EWF) method. Using this method, the influence of the semicrystalline microstructure and that of the clay presence on the mechanical behaviour is addressed. In a first part, EWF method has been applied to a series of semi-crystalline polymers and it appears as a practical way to characterize fracture behaviour. The EWF test was modelled using the cohesive model in finite element calculations. These calculations give insights on the physical meaning of parameters (we and wp). In particular, we does not only correspond to the energy to create the new surface but also includes a part of plastic deformation which occurs in the inner fracture process zone. Then, the relationships between microstructure and fracture behaviour is investigated in a series of treated PET films. For those samples, the biaxially extrusion process causes fibrillar superstructure in which the microfibrils are parallel to the transversal extrusion direction. With this superstructure, the respective roles of microstructural parameters such as the crystalline phase orientation, the crystallinity degree, the tie molecules density are discussed. While the crystalline phase orientation is the key parameter governing the module anisotropy, the tie molecules density governes the fracture behavior in semicrystalline polymer. Finally, three types of semicrystallline polymer-clay nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 and compatibilized polyethylene whose morphologies are different are studied. The more exfoliated the clay, the lower is the decrease of fracture performance for the nanocomposite and the more consumed energy as the longer the path of the crack. ]
Haied, Abdelhamid. "Étude expérimentale de la rupture en mode localisé dans un gré." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10178.
Full textFeuerstein, Matthieu. "Influence de la microstructure sur les propriétés mécaniques de tôles d'aluminium AA5182." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0023.
Full textIn this PhD, two grades of AA5182 aluminium rolled sheets were analyzed: the REF or reference grade and the SHF or super high formability. Due to its least Fe- and Mn-content, SHF grade has a slighter particles fraction than REF grade. Interdistances between particles are smaller along TD than along RD. REF grade is less ductile than SHF grade, and sheets are more ductile along TD than along RD. The first step of the damage model was dedicated to the loading analysis corresponding to the necked area of a tensile sample. The second step of the damage model consisted in a cellular model whose geometry represents a periodic array of particles. The boundary conditions applied to the unit cell correspond to the loading determined in the first step. The predicted values of local ductility confirmed the experimental results
Martinez, Lilian. "Etude des précurseurs du comportement catastrophique des céramiques : applications au claquage diélectrique et à la rupture mécanique des alumines de tubes RF de puissance." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10045.
Full textRobert-Arnouil, Jean-Paul. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique à la rupture d'une céramique technique sous sollicitations rapides." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10652.
Full textLespine, Ismael. "Influence de la géométrie des structures sur les propriétés de rupture dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13533.
Full textJEUNEHOMME, Sylvie. "Relations propriétés mécaniques - microstructure des aciers de structure perlitique." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0320.
Full textDelfosse, Jérôme. "Forgeage β du Ti17 : propriétés en fatigue." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090035.
Full text- comprendre et modéliser l'évolution cristallographique de la phase β durant le forgeage β
- étudier l'impact de l'orientation cristalline des grains β et des aiguilles α (h.c.) sur la fatigue
- d'analyser les effets d'un changement de trajet de déformation sur la texture responsable en partie de la dispersion des durées de vie
L'évolution des grains β pendant le forgeage a été modélisée à l'aide d'une approche cristalline sur un agrégat 3D réel (EBSD). La texture simulée est en bon accord avec l'expérience. La formation de domaines cristallographiques de taille millimétrique, composés d'amas de grains présentant une direction <100> ou <111> parallèle à la direction de forgeage, constatée expérimentalement, a été retrouvée.
Afin de diminuer la taille des domaines cristallographiques un changement de trajet de chargement a été simulé. Le passage par un minimum de texture a été clairement montré. L'étude expérimentale correspondante a révélé le rôle de la vitesse sur la morphologie et la texture.
L'étude expérimentale en fatigue a mis en évidence une population cristallographique d'aiguilles, en relation avec les orientations des grains β forgés, favorable à la multifissuration. La modélisation du comportement local du matériau biphasé, sous sollicitation macroscopique élastique, révèle que les premiers systèmes de glissement actifs aux interfaces α/β correspondent aux endommagements observés expérimentalement.
R'Mili, Mohamed. "Application de la mécanique de la rupture au composite carbone-carbone bidirectionnel." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISALA028.
Full textChafra, Moez. "Comportement mécanique des matériaux composites fibres et tisses (modélisation tridimensionnelle, endommagement et rupture)." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0192.
Full textDang-Hoang, Thong. "Rupture et endommagement d’un assemblage boulonné : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10066.
Full textThis study focuses on the study of fracture and damage of a bolted assembly made up of thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6, thickness e= 2 millimeters, in single recovery. Several configurations of assemblies (number and arrangement of fasteners) are studied in monotonous solicitations, analyzing the effects of board. The influence of torque and clearance will be considered for the study of the behavior of the link. An experimental approach was implemented to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms simultaneously using the technique of acoustic emission (AE) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (DIC). EA Technology has tracked the evolution of acoustic activities by planar localization to better identify the initiation and propagation of cracks. The DIC technique confirms the damage scenarios evaluating, the deformation field at any point near the fastener. The finite element technique was used to predict the overall behavior of these assemblies. The calculations are performed in a 3D computer code using solid elements, shell elements and and are undertaken both in élastoplasticité without and with damage. The prediction of damage has been done using two models : modeling decoupled depending on the model of Latham and Cockroft and coupled modeling based on the model of Gurson modified
Guinot, Dominique. "Recherche des paramètres physico-chimiques qui déterminent les propriétés mécaniques des céramiques de ferrite doux." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS023.
Full textYaacoub, Agha Hassan. "Tolérance aux défauts initiaux : application à une fonte G.S. en fatigue." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066828.
Full textIung, Thierry. "Propagation rapide et arrêt des fissures dans les aciers pour gazoducs : rupture par clivage et rupture ductile." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0496.
Full textDang-Hoang, Thong. "Rupture et endommagement d’un assemblage boulonné : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10066/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the study of fracture and damage of a bolted assembly made up of thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6, thickness e= 2 millimeters, in single recovery. Several configurations of assemblies (number and arrangement of fasteners) are studied in monotonous solicitations, analyzing the effects of board. The influence of torque and clearance will be considered for the study of the behavior of the link. An experimental approach was implemented to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms simultaneously using the technique of acoustic emission (AE) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (DIC). EA Technology has tracked the evolution of acoustic activities by planar localization to better identify the initiation and propagation of cracks. The DIC technique confirms the damage scenarios evaluating, the deformation field at any point near the fastener. The finite element technique was used to predict the overall behavior of these assemblies. The calculations are performed in a 3D computer code using solid elements, shell elements and and are undertaken both in élastoplasticité without and with damage. The prediction of damage has been done using two models : modeling decoupled depending on the model of Latham and Cockroft and coupled modeling based on the model of Gurson modified
Bigaud, David. "Description géométrique pour la caractérisation mécanique multi-échelles de matériaux composites à renforts textiles 2D et 3D." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10223.
Full textDuprey, Ambroise. "Biomécanique des anévrysmes de l'aorte thoracique ascendante : vers une prédiction personnalisée du risque de rupture." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES021/document.
Full textAneurysms of the ascending aorta are a life-threatening desease by the risk of rupture or dissection. Currently, the only criterion for deciding an intervention is the maximum diameter of the aneurysm mesured from CT-scan. Biomechanical research aims to characterize the elastic properties of the aorta and to provide a patient-specific approach too assessing the risk of complications. The aim of this thesiswas twofold. In the first part, it was tocharacterize the rupture properties of freshly excised acsending aortic tissue from an inflation bench-test developed in our laboratory. The results were derived to determine a rupture risk index based on the extensibility of the aorta. In the second part, we identified the mechanical properties of aortic aneurysms using preoperative dynamic CT-scan. This identification was based on the simultaneous minimization of two cost functions, which defined the difference between the predictionsof a numerical model and the volumes of the aneurysms measured from the CT-scan in the middle of the cardiac cycle and the sytole. The results were correlated with those of the inflation tests, showing promising application of the dynamic scan for the patient-specific identification of the mechanical properties of the aorta. This work opens a little more the way for the patient-specific assessment of the risk of complications of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta and for a more refined selection of patients for surgery
Nazarenko, Emmanuel. "Comportement à rupture d'un composite à fibres céramiques et matrice vitrocéramique sous sollicitations statiques et dynamiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0269.
Full textHamdani, Djelloul. "Comportement mécanique d'assemblages de tôles d'acier galvanisé sollicités en mode d'ouverture à différentes vitesses : influence des traitements de surface et des épaisseurs de joint de colle." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD143.
Full textIn this study we have been tenting to bind a surface property (roughness and surface energy) of galvanised steel which it prepared of four different treatments (cleaning attack acid and basic, parcodine) with a mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded assemblies. The bind show which conjugate roughness and superficial energy action of substrate can be optimised the propagation energy. The effect of solicitation rate (0. 5, 5, 50 and 500 mm/mn) and adhesive bond thickness (720, 360, 180 et 120 um) have been observed. For propagation energy term, the solicitation rate and adhesive bond thickness seems to that have a same effect on adhesively bonded structure toughness. For the characterization of the beginning of the microscopic damage and of the crack propagation, we have, in parallel with the test, recorded the acoustic emission from the specimen
Khalifa, Anissa. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et de rupture d'un biocomposite à base de particules de coquillages de mer élaboré par fabrication additive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2023/2023ULILN050.pdf.
Full textFilaments of PLA biocomposites loaded with seashell particles (Oyster and Mussel) were produced by extrusion with four mass fraction rates of particles (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) with particle sizes less than 160 microns. These filaments were used for additive manufacturing (AM) in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of test specimens. Thermal and mechanical characterization tests were conducted to understand the behavior of the filaments before their use in printing. X-ray tomographic observations highlight the distribution of seashell particles in the PLA matrix. Microscope observations of fracture surfaces are presented. Finally, thermogravimetric analyses are performed and analyzed.A printing strategy was developed to study the effect of printing parameters such as infill angle, layer thickness, printing temperature, and printing speed on the mechanical properties of the biocomposites. The objective was to identify the optimal parameters for obtaining the best mechanical properties on printed dumbbell-shaped specimens (ASTM D638 standard). The results obtained reveal significant dispersion, especially in terms of elongation at break. A fracture study on SENT (Single Edge Notched Tension) specimens printed with two different infill angles (+45/-45°, 0°/90°) was conducted to determine the toughness of the biocomposites by coupling monotonic tensile tests with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method. This approach provided a better understanding of the mechanical behaviors of the biocomposites and characterized their fracture resistance
Zrida-Ammar, Hana. "Les composites avec mesostructure en faisceaux : propriétés élastiques et endommagement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0280/document.
Full textTextile composites with bundle meso-structure have been studied in this thesis for elastic properties and damage investigations. The first chapter of this thesis deals with elastic properties modeling for Non-crimp fabric (NCF) based composites for investigating the effect of meso-structure defects on mechanical properties degradation. The objective of the work is to formulate a model for the NCF composite mesostructure in an attempt to investigate the effect of the waviness on stiffness reduction. The cross-ply NCF composite stiffness reduction is dominated by the stiffness reduction of the 0°-layer. The 0°-layer effective stiffness can be determined either by modeling a single curved tow subjected to distributed load, to reproduce its interaction with the neighboring layers, together with symmetry boundary conditions, or using a master curve approach, where a knock down factor is introduced to characterize the stiffness reduction and analytical expression is suggested. This expression allows for determination of knock down factor for any given wavelength and amplitude of the waviness. The damage initiation and development is presented is the second chapter, where woven fabric composites designated for high temperature application were investigated under severe thermal conditions to study their thermal stability and their resistance to thermal damage. Finally, the mechanical performance of the composites designated to high temperature applications was studied. The effect of aging was also investigated. 3D models were realized with Finite elements in order to explain the edge effect on the evolution of the cracks observed during the tensile tests. In addition, the differences and similarities in cracking in different layers were analysed using probabilistic approaches (a simple one as well as Monte Carlo simulations with Hashin’s and also shear lag model) and fracture mechanics arguments
Gauchet, Séverine. "Etude de l'influence du type de noir de carbone sur la tenue en fatigue de caoutchouc HNBR." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4049.
Full textThe fatigue resistance optimization of the alternator pulley needs to understand damage mechanisms influence on the rubber fatigue behaviour used in mecanical power transmission. Although the toughness of rubber was log time studed, the fatigue of HNBR filled with carbon black is not described in literature. The aim of this work is to understand the influence of filler on theses complex mechanisms through the modifications induiced by filler on the microstructure and dynamical properties. Two damage mechanisms at starting initiate several microcracks which are propagated in rosette forme. Size and number of petals depend on the type of carbon black. This characteristics represent the cracking speed and they describe a mechanisme of crack rotation. The influence of filler on the damage is highlighted by solid NMR H. This original technique proves to be a power technique for studying degradation of rubber having a complex formulation. These results open new propects in order to understand damage mechanisms
Haidar, Khalil. "Modélisation de l'endommagement des structures en béton : approches numériques et effet de la microstructure sur les propriétés de rupture." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2089.
Full textLamouroux, Emmanuel. "Modélisation détaillée des soudures par point et laser pour simuler la rupture des assemblages automobiles." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e4fba432-0b62-47fc-8bc6-dea422c4c10f.
Full textDue to their slowness and their high cost, the classical methods of experimental characterization about the welded joints’ stress carrying capacity are unsatisfying for industrial purposes. This work provides, for different materials and several sheet thicknesses, an alternative approach based on the construction and on the validation of a volumic numerical model of spot-welds and Laser welds using the finite element method. Firstly, two methods of welded joint’s mechanical properties’ characterization as well as damage and rupture parameters are presented. Secondly, using the material model of Gurson- Tvergaard-Needleman, the welds’ behaviour under quasi-static and dynamic load cases has been simulated and compared with the experimental results. This comparison showed a satisfying correlation not only for the rupture’s pattern but also for the “force vs. Displacement” curve characteristic of the weld. Finally, using the Laser-weld’s detailed model, two case studies have been realized to estimate respectively the consequence of geometrical and mechanical imperfections on the weld’ stress carrying capacity and to evaluate the “transferability” of mechanical data from a given Laser weld’s geometry to another one
Mahaud, Morgane. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire du comportement mécanique et de la rupture d'élastomères irradiés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI048/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the links between microstructure and mechanical properties of irradiated degradated elastomeric networks using molecular coarse-grained dynamics. The polymer chains are created by a pseudo-radical polymerization algorithm and then crosslinked by an algorithm which generate a controlled spatial distribution, random or not, of the crosslinking nodes. The process can include the simulation of bond breaks. The equilibration of the networks thus created is then carried out with intergroup forces whose parameters are derived from the work of Kremer and Grest. In the case of random networks, the link between the density of active chains, of pendant chains and the length of the chains portions with the number of crosslinking nodes and the soluble fraction is well described by the appropriate statistical models. Simulated tests of isochronous mechanical spectrometry at different temperatures make it possible to find (i) when the chains are not crosslinked, the influence of the length of the chains on the length of the rubber plateau and on Tα, and (ii) when they are crosslinked , The influence of the crosslinking density on the height of this plateau. The simulated uniaxial tensile tests confirm the relationship between the mechanical modulus and the density of chemical nodes and trapped entanglement nodes. Different processes intervene before failure: in the case of random networks, the break of covalent bonds occurs in a homogeneous manner, then cavitation, striction and finally the failure of bonds in the filaments of the zone of constriction; the elongation at final failure is always close to twice that at the first failure of the bond (itself connected to the modulus of the material). At the same crosslinking density, the behavior at small deformations and hardening is little influenced by a heterogeneous crosslinking by zones. At the same density of chemical nodes, a slight decrease in the Young's modulus is observed for interpenetrating double networks, which can be explained by entanglements; Moreover, they break homogeneously in the most reticulated sub-network. The heterogeneous networks containing more cross-linked spherical zones have ruptures at the interface with the less cross-linked zones which lead to a reduction in the maximum stress reached before total rupture; this is explained by the decrease in the number of percolating paths which can withstand mechanical stress when passing the rigid-> soft interface. In the end, homogeneous systems based on long chains generally show better failure behavior (ultimate elongation and maximum stress) than heterogeneous systems, including dual networks. Moreover, among all the simulated networks, those which are by far the least efficient are the homogeneous networks cut
Xie, Jilong. "Etude de la fatigue et de la rupture des assemblages collés composite-élastomère." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0390.
Full textWahyudi, Herman. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux argileux en relation avec leur organisation à différentes échelles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0205.
Full textKapinga, Kalala Iris, and Kalala Iris Kapinga. "Caractérisations structurale et mécanique du massif rocheux de la fosse Tiriganiaq du projet Meliadine à l'aide de la modélisation synthétique du massif rocheux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24903.
Full textCe mémoire porte sur l’application de la modélisation du massif rocheux synthétique (SRM) à la caractérisation du massif rocheux fracturé de la fosse Tiriganiaq du projet minier Meliadine. Les conditions structurales in-situ ont été représentées à l’aide de la modélisation des systèmes de fractures (FSM). Les résultats ont permis de définir un volume élémentaire représentatif (REV) du massif rocheux égal à 7,5 m x 15 m x 7,5 m. L’approche a également permis de quantifier l’impact de la variation des propriétés géométriques du FSM sur le comportement mécanique du massif. Les analyses paramétriques des propriétés géométriques du SRM font ressortir que le comportement du massif rocheux est particulièrement sensible à une variation de l’intensité des fractures (P32), de l’aire des fractures et du pendage de la foliation. De plus, la résistance en compression uniaxiale est fortement anisotrope.
Volozinskis, Xavier. "Étude de la résistance à la fissuration d'un matériau hétérogène anisotrope appliquée à l'optimisation du processus de fabrication du papier." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10618.
Full textCherait, Yacine. "Contribution à l'étude et l'optimisation des bétons renforcés de fibres de fonte amorphe." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10045.
Full textCordonnier, Tiphaine. "Tenue mécanique d'interfaces modèles dans les alliages Fe-40%at. Al (ordonnés B2)." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0010.
Full textUse of FeAl alloys is still severely limited by their room temperature intergranular brittleness, assumed to be due to a low intrinsic cohesion of the interfaces. Until now, doping with boron was the only way to reinforce these weak boundaries. The fracture behaviour of some special boundaries, with <100> symmetric tilt boundary, pure or doped with boron, was characterized. Results indicate that boron would suppress intergranular fracture by improving slip transfert across the grain boundaries. Then, and on the contrary to the common knowledge, boundaries of B-free bicrystals exhibit a cohesion high enough to avoid intergranular fracture. <100> tilt boundaries are thus special boundaries regarding fissuration resistance, with grain boundary plane playing a major role. The existence of such highly cohesive interfaces opens a new way to efficiently modify macroscopic behaviour of B-free FeAl through a "grain boundary engineering" approach
Pham, Anh Tu. "Détermination numérique des propriétés de résistance de roches argileuses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1237/document.
Full textThe strength capacities of Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite which is a potential host rock for the deep underground repository of high-level radioactive waste in France are investigated. At a micro-scale, micro-pores can be observed in the matrix. A first strength homogenization step has been performed in order to evaluate the matrix strength criteria. The microstructure analysis of this material at some hundreds of micromet scale, referred at meso-scale, shows a clay matrix and a random distribution of mineral inclusions (quartz and calcite).Aiming to the determination of COx argillite strength domain, an FEM numerical tool has been developed in the context of the elastoplastic behavior of the matrix. Several morphological patterns of the representative elementary volume have been considered and subjected to an incremental loading in periodic conditions until collapse occurs. As a result of such elastoplastic calculation, one point of the boundary of the strength domain is obtained. The latter then could be reached by successive elastoplastic calculations.As an alternative to direct elastoplastic simulations, kinematic and static approaches of limit analysis are performed. The stress-based (static approach) and the velocity-based (kinematic approach) finite element method are used to develop a numerical tool able to derive a lower bound and upper bound of strength domain, respectively
Olard, François. "Comportement thermomécanique des enrobés bitumeux à basses températures : relations entre les propriétés du liant et de l'enrobé." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAL0056.
Full textThis thesis deals with the thermomechanical behavior of bituminous materials at low temperatures. The binder behavior was evaluated with three fundamental tests : i)the complex modulus determination, ii)the Bending Beam Rheometer and iii)the tensile strength at a constant strain rate and constant temperatures. A three point bending test on pre-notched bitumen beams was also developed. The thermo-mechanical mix behavior was studied by performing i)complex modulus tests, ii)measurements of the coefficient of thermal contraction, iii)tensile tests at constant temperatures and strain rates, and iv)Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Tests. Apart from the determination of some pertinent links between binder and mix properties and discriminating characteristics with regard to the thermal cracking of bituminous mixes at low temperatures, the analysis has also consisted in modeling the behavior of bituminous binders and mixes, both in the small strain domain and in the large strain domain
Mouhmid, Bouchaïb. "Étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture d'un polyamide 66 chargé en fibres de verre courtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-253.pdf.
Full textCardinal, Sandrine. "Etude comparative du comportement a l'infiltration par un métal sous pression de préformes de plaquettes d'Al2O3 et de préformes hybrides fibres/plaquettes d'Al2O3 : influence de l'hybridation sur les propriétés mécaniques du composite Al/Al2O3." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0050.
Full textThe aim of this study was to salve the problem of the failure of alumina platelets preform under high-pressure mf1ltrat1on of hqu1d metal. We treated this problem using the mechanics of porous media. It was demonstrated that the failure of the preform during infiltration is due to its brittle mechanical behavior. To prevent catastrophic failure, we mixed fibers to platelets. The mechanical characterization of such a "hybrid" preform showed that the presence of fibers increases its fracture energy. The mechanism controlling crack propagation in this material has been analyzed both experimentally and theoret1cally. The model developed to characterize the behavior of ceramic matrix composites agrees well with the experimental data. Finally, it was shown that, with such hybrid preform, neither cracking nor deformation occur During infiltration by squeeze-casting. It should be noted that the mixture of fibers and platelets decreases the final mechanical properties of the composite material. This can be explained by the large difference between the size of these two types of reinforcing particles. However, the stiffness of hybrid composite remains higher than that of a fiber reinforced composite
Mighri, Frej. "Influence des propriétés élastiques sur la déformation et rupture de gouttes dans une matrice en écoulement élongationnel et en cisaillement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ37379.pdf.
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