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Sudmantaitė, Aistė. "Ketamino, propofolio ir ketamino/propofolio derinio farmakologinio poveikio įvertinimas ir palyginimas eksperimentiniame izoliuotų aortos ir trachėjos žiedų modelyje in vitro." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140630_135759-79575.
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Tyrimo darbo tikslas - įvertinti ir palyginti propofolio, ketamino ir jų derinio farmakologinį poveikį eksperimentiniame izoliuotų aortos ir trachėjos žiedų modelyje in vitro.
Bandymui atlikti naudojama vienos kameros organų vonelė. Rezultatai fiksuojami programine įranga LabChart 7. Pasirinkti laboratoriniai gyvūnai – 6 Jūrų kiaulyčių patinėliai. Vaistų poveikis vertinimas izoliuotiems aortos ir trahėjos segmentams. Segmentų kontrakcija sukeliama Krebso tirpalu, kuriame yra ištirpintas KCl (80 mmol/l). Pasiekus maksimalų susitraukimą, kumuliuojančiomis koncentracijomis (10-5 M, 10-4 M, 10-3 M), į vonelę pilamas ketamino, propofolio ir jų derinio tirpalas ir kiekvienu atveju fiksuojamas jėgos pokytis.
Ketaminas aortos žiedą atpalaiduoja esant didelėms (10-3 M) ir vidutinėms (10-4 M) koncentracijoms, o propofolis ir ketamino/propofolio derinys tik esant didelėms koncentracijoms (p<0,05). Ketaminas, propofolis ir jų derinys atpalaiduoja trachėjos žiedą esant vidutinėms ir didelėms koncentracijoms (p<0,05). Ketamino vidutinė koncentracija turi didesnį poveikį aortos, o vidutinė ir didelė koncentracija – trachėjos žiedo atsipalaidavimui nei propofolis (p<0,05). Ketamino/propofolio derinys santykiu 1:1 esant 10-4 M koncentracijai mažiau veikia aortos atsipalaidavimą nei ketaminas (p<0,05), o 10-4 M ir 10-3 M derinio koncentracijos mažiau veikia trachėjos atsipalaidavimą nei vartojant ketaminą ir propofolį ne derinyje (p<0,05).
Didėjant vaistų koncentracijai, didėja jų dilatacinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of the study was to investigate and compare propofol, ketamine and ketamine/propofol combination pharmacological effects of isolated aortic and tracheal rings in vitro. Single-chamber organ bath was used for the experiment. The results were recorded by LabChart software. Selected laboratory animals – 6 guinea pig males. The influence of medicine over isolated aorta and trachea rings was evaluated. Pre-contraction was induced by Krebs solution containing dissolved KCl (80 mmol/l). After reaching the maximum contraction of the preparation, propofol, ketamine and ketamine/propofol mixture solution was separately added to the bath in a cumulative concentrations (10-5 M, 10-4 M, 10-3 M) and in each case the force change was recorded. Ketamine relaxed aortic rings at medium and large concentrations, while propofol and ketamine/propofol mixtures only in large concentrations (p<0,05). Medium concentration of ketamine showed a greater effect on aortic rings than propofol and medium and large concentrations showed a greater effect on trachea ring than equal concentration of propofol (p<0,05). An average concentration of a 1:1 ratio of ketamine/propofol mixture, had a lower impact on aortic ring relaxation than an equal concentration of ketamine (p <0.05). A high concentration of 1:1 ratio of ketamine/propofol had a lower impact on the trachea ring relaxation than equal concentration of ketamine and propofol used separately (p <0.05). In conclusion, contractions of aorta and... [to full text]
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Barbagallo, Alessia Anna. "Colecistectomia Videolaparoscopica: confronto Remifentanil/Propofol vs Fentanil/Propofol nel mantenimento anestesiologico." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/321.
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La chirurgia laparoscopica e' anche detta chirurgia miniinvasiva, o chirurgia dei cerottini o chirurgia del buco della serratura. Il dolore postoperatorio e' minimo, il paziente puo' alzarsi e bere il giorno dell' intervento. Anche dal punto di vista estetico il risultato e' ottimo, per l' assenza di cicatrici. L'obiettivo della ricerca e' stato di valutare durante l' intervento di colecistectomia laparoscopica i differenti effetti emodinamici che si ottengono effettuando l'anestesia con l'associazione REMIFENTANIL/PROPOFOL in comparazione a quella FENTANIL/PROPOFOL. Il risultato ottenuto e' che nella chirurgia videolaparoscopica per intervento di colecistectomia, l' anestesia effettuata con remifentanil ha offerto, nella popolazione studiata e rispetto all' altro oppioide fentanyl, una migliore stabilita' emodinamica in termini di minore incidenza di episodi di ipertensione e tachicardia.The laparoscopic surgery is also called miniinvasive surgery or "band aid surgery" or "key hole surgery". The positive aspects are enormous because the postoperative pain is minimum. The patient can get up and drink the same day of the operation. The result is very good also from the aesthetich point of view for the absent of scar. The objective of this research was to evaluate, during cholecystectomy operations by laparoscopic technique, the hemodynamic effects abtained with anaesthesia made with the association of remifentanil/propofol in comparison with fentanil/propofol. In the laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy anaesthesia made with remifentanil has given the result of a better hemodinamics stability in the studied population in comparison with the other opioid fentanil, in terms of minor incidence of hypertention and tachycardia events.
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Fernandez, Thierry. "Electroconvulsivotherapie et Propofol : revue de la littérature et résultats d'une étude clinique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23009.
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Metzger, Hélène. "Un nouvel agent anesthésique : Le propofol (Diprivan)." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15002.
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Bester, Lynette. "Pharmacokinetics of propofol in cats." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22954.
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Since the introduction of the lipid emulsion formulation in 1986, propofol has become established for induction as well as for maintenance of anaesthesia in veterinary practice1 including cats2;3-8. Propofol is rapidly metabolized by hepatic glucuronidation in most species and it has also been shown to undergo extrahepatic metabolism9-13, so that total body clearance may exceed liver blood flow in certain species. Because of their highly carniverous diet, cats are little exposed to antiherbivory compounds so that they have become deficient in UGP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)14. Consequently, a number of drugs are eliminated slowly15;16, often giving rise to prolonged half-lives of the parent drugs. Cats are therefore sensitive to the adverse effects of many drugs and toxins that are normally glucuronidated before elimination. It is therefore likely that the disposition of propofol may differ markedly from that of humans and other animal species17. Adam et al18 reported that for the cremophor propofol formulation in cats, volumes of distribution were smaller and elimination halflives were longer than those of pigs, rats and rabbits. In addition, pulmonary uptake has been demonstrated to occur in cats,19 however propofol’s pharmacokinetics have not been studied formally. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic behaviour of propofol after single intravenous injections. In comparison with man, the apparent central volume of distribution in domestic cats is small (0.56L.kg-1 body weight vs. 0.228L.kg-1) for the human pharmacokinetic parameter set of Marsh et al20 and the clearance (0.0086 L.kg-1.min-1 vs. 0.027 L.kg- 1.min-1) is approximately 2½ times slower in cats when compared with humans. Slow clearance should not influence recovery from anaesthesia following standard induction doses, because the early decreases in blood concentrations are predominantly due to redistribution of drug to various tissues (similar to the disposition of thiopentone which exhibits a slow total body clearance21. However it is possible that drug may accumulate within the body after prolonged infusions, resulting in delayed recovery times. This phenomenon is best described by calculating “context-sensitive” decrement-times by computer simulation22-24. Computer software♣ were used to calculate the 20%, 50% and 80% context-sensitive decrement times for the cat pharmacokinetic model. For comparative purposes, similar calculations were performed for an adult human male (weight 70 kg) using the pharmacokinetic parameter-set of Marsh et al20. Assuming that recovery from anaesthesia occurs after a 50% decrease in blood concentrations has taken place, it is apparent from the 50% context-senstive decrement-time graph that for infusions lasting up to 20 minutes (during which concentrations are kept constant), recovery can be expected to be rapid and predictable. However if infusions are administered for longer than 20 minutes, the recovery times of the “average” cat increase rapidly, reaching a plateau of 36 minutes, while recovery times of the human remain short, albeit increasing slowly. Awakening times become dramatically prolonged and unpredictable in both cats and humans if propofol concentrations are required to decrease by 80% for recovery to occur. Under these circumstances the 80% decrement time after a two-hour infusion is approximately two hours in cats and 45 minutes in humans. On the other hand, if dosing is conservative, so that blood concentrations need to decrease by only 20% for awakening to occur, then recovery times are short and predictable, being only a few minutes, regardless of the duration of the preceding infusion. These findings are in accordance with those of Pascoe et al25 who reported that cats took longer to recover after a short (30 min) infusion than after a long (150 min) infusion. In their crossover study, the propofol infusion rates were adjusted so that the cats were maintained at a light level of anaesthesia at which they responded sluggishly to pedal stimulation. It is therefore likely that propofol concentrations were kept steady and were similar during the 30-minute as well as during the 150-minute infusions. Delayed recovery has also been reported when propofol was administered to cats on consecutive days26. Conclusions and clinical relevance: We recommend that propofol infusions be administered to cats only for fairly short procedures and that for prolonged surgery, maintenance of anaesthesia should be accomplished using other drugs. In order to decrease the propofol dose, premedication and analgesic supplements should be co-administered to provide “balanced” anaesthesia. ♣ TIVA Trainer version 8, author Frank Engbers, Leiden University Medical Centre CopyrightDissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
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Bester, Lynette. "Pharmacokinetics of propofol in cats." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2021. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03032010-184513/.
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Biteli, Eliselle Gouveia de Faria. "Efeitos da infusão contínua de tiopental ou propofol em coelhos mantidos em respiração espontânea /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122120.
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Orientador: Newton NunesCoorientador: Patrícia Cristina Ferro Lopes
Banca: Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos
Banca: Roberta Carareto
Resumo: Avaliaram-se, comparativamente, os efeitos do tiopental e do propofol sobre os parâmetros cardiovasculares, respiratórios, hemogasométricos, nível glicêmico, cinética celular e período de recuperação. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 20 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, adultos, machos ou fêmeas, com peso médio de 3,67±0,43 Kg. Após seleção aleatória, estes foram distribuídos em dois grupos de 10 animais, denominados grupo propofol (GP) e grupo tiopental (GT). Para o GP, foi induzida a anestesia geral pela administração intravenosa (IV) de propofol (10 mg/Kg) e em seguida, iniciou-se a infusão contínua na dose inicial 1 mg/Kg/min, a qual, havendo necessidade, foi reajustada de modo a que o índice biespectral estivesse situado entre 65 e 75. Para o GT empregou-se a mesma metodologia, substituindo-se o propofol pelo tiopental. As observações das variáveis de interesse em ambos os grupos, tiveram início 20 minutos após a indução anestésica (M0) e novas mensurações foram realizadas em intervalos de 15 minutos, por um período de 60 minutos. A avaliação da recuperação teve início 30 minutos (MR30) após o término da infusão dos fármacos e novas avaliações foram realizadas em intervalos de 60 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de duas vias (Two-way ANOVA) e uma via (One-way ANOVA), seguidas pelo teste de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Para a análise da recuperação, os escores foram analisados e os grupos comparados pelo teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon de 2 amostras independentes (p<0,05). No GP, a pressão parcial de oxigênio (PaO2) o dióxido de carbono (PaCO2) e a saturação da oxihemoglobina (SaO2) no sangue arterial aumentaram a partir do M30 e no M60, respectivamente. O volume corrente (VT), no M60, e o índice respiratório (IR), no M0, foram menores no GP, enquanto o conteúdo arterial de oxigênio (CaO2), no M0, foi maior no GP que no GT. A pressão de oxigênio alveolar ...
Abstract: The effects of thiopental and propofol were comparatively evaluated about its influence on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, blood gas, blood glucose levels, cell kinetics and recovery period in 20 rabbits of New Zealand White, adults, male and female, with weight between 3,67±0,43 Kg. After a random selection, they were shared into two groups of 10 animals, called propofol group (GP) and thiopental group (GT). For GP, general anesthesia was induced by intravenous (IV) administration of propofol (10 mg/Kg) and then began continuous infusion at an initial dose 1 mg/Kg/min, and then was adjusted as necessary to the bispectral index values vary between 65 and 75. The same method was employed for GT, using thiopental instead propofol, at the dose of 10 mg/Kg for induction followed the initial dose of 1 mg/Kg/min. Data collection of the variables of interest in both groups began 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia (M0) and new measurements were made at 15 minutes intervals for a period of 60 minutes. The assessment of recovery began 30 minutes (MR30) after the infusion of agents and new evaluations were made at intervals of 60 minutes. Data were analysed using to analysis of variance, two-way (two-way ANOVA) and route (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test (p<0,05). For recovery assessment, the scores were analyzed and the groups were compared by non parametric Wilcoxon test for 2 independent samples (p<0,05). In GP, the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) in arterial blood increased from M30 and M60, respectively. The tidal volume (VT) in M60, and respiratory index (IR) in M0, were lower in the GP, while the arterial oxygen content (CaO2) at M0 was greater in GP than in GT. The alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2), alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (P(A-a)O2), IR, arterial-alveolar ratio (PaO2/PAO2) and ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of ...
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Yılmaz, Funda Ceylan Berit Gökçe. "Desfluranın antioksidan etkinliğinin propofol ile karşılaştırılması /." Isparta: SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2006. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00263.pdf.
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Raux, Olivier. "Utilisation de la circulation extracorporelle comme modèle d'étude hémodynamique : application au propofol." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11095.
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El, Hachem Tanios. "Le propofol comme agent de sédation en réanimation." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11322.
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Turina, Dean. "Propofol changes the cytoskeletal function in neurons : An experimental study in cortical cultures." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Anestesiologi med intensivvård, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77219.
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Every day, general anaesthetics are given to a large number of patients around the world but the cellular mechanisms of how anaesthetics act are still not clear. General anaesthetics cause the intended unconsciousness, amnesia and immobility in patients, but also side effects such as a decrease in mean arterial pressure and arrhythmia, both of which contribute to complications such as heart damage and stroke. With more knowledge of the mechanism of anaesthetic drugs, these complications could be reduced. It has been shown that anaesthetics cause a disruption of the thalamocortical connectivity and brain network connectivity. How the network communication is disrupted however is not known. Propofol and thiopental are both intravenous anaesthetic drugs used widely in clinical anaesthesia. They bind to the GABAA receptor and enhance its function. The cytoskeleton helps the cell to maintain its shape and participate in cellular movement and transport. Cellular transport to and from a neuron’s cell body and periphery is performed by motor proteins that move vesicles, organelles and proteins along cytoskeletal tracks. We have previously shown that propofol causes a reorganisation of the cytoskeleton protein actin in neurons, but we were further interested to study the effects of propofol and thiopental on the cytoskeletal function of cultured cortical rat neurons. Our results show that propofol and thiopental cause neurite (axon and dendrite) retraction. Propofol’s effects were time- and dose-dependent, and can be reversed when propofol is removed. We were able to inhibit propofolinduced neurite retraction if we stabilised actin by blocking either the motor protein myosin II or the GABAA receptor. We have previously shown that a small GTP-binding protein, RhoA, inhibits propofol-caused actin reorganisation. Propofol-induced neurite retraction was mediated via a downstream effector of RhoA, ROK, which induces phosphorylation of the myosin light chain and increases contractility. Furthermore, we have shown that propofol causes a switch from anterograde to retrograde transport and increases the average velocity of the moving vesicles in neurites. The propofol induced retrograde vesicle transport was GABAA receptor-mediated. Orexin A is a neuropeptide which regulates the sleep/awake cycle and has also been shown to reduce anaesthesia in animals when given intracerebroventricularly. We found that orexin A reverses propofol and thiopental-induced neurite retraction and actin reorganisation. Moreover, we have shown that the orexin A inhibition of propofol-induced neurite retraction is mediated via the PLD/PKC intracellular signalling pathway. Propofol and thiopental decreased the tyrosine phosphorilation of the intermediate cytoskeletal protein vimentin which is reversed by orexin A. Taken together, these results suggest that propofol causes a time- and dose-dependent, reversible and GABAAreceptor-mediated neurite retraction in cultured cortical rat neurons. Propofol also causes a switch from anterograde to retrograde vesicle transport in neurites. Orexin A reverses propofol and thiopental-induced neurite retraction and cytoskeletal reorganisation. Orexin A inhibits propofol-induced neurite retraction via the PLD/PKC intracellular signalling pathway.
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Mannarino, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Determinação da taxa de infusão mínima de propofol e propofol associado a lidocaína em cães (Cannis familaris)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86635.
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A vantagem da anestesia injetável é a facilidade de produzir os componentes da anestesia (inconsciência, analgesia, relaxamento muscular e proteção neurovegetativa) com doses definidas dos diversos fármacos. Existem controvérsias sobre as doses de propofol necessárias para prover analgesia para realização de cirurgias. Objetivaram-se definir as taxas mínimas de infusão do propofol isoladamente e em associação com a lidocaína para anestesia intravenosa em cães, e a possível potencialização analgésica da lidocaína, avaliando-se os efeitos cardiovasculares e grau de hipnose. As DE50 do propofol e propofol associado a lidocaína foram calculadas em 10 cães (12,85 l 1,22 kg), sem raça definida, anestesiados 2 vezes com intervalo de 15 dias. G1: indução anestésica com propofol (6 mg/kg/iv) e manutenção inicial na velocidade de 0,7 mg/kg/min. G2: indução anestésica com propofol (6 mg/kg) e lidocaína (1,5 mg/kg) e manutenção inicial com propofol (0,7 mg/kg/min) e lidocaína em velocidade constante (0,25 mg/kg/min). A analgesia foi avaliada através do pinçamento de membrana interdigital dos membros posteriores e da ponta da cauda por 15 (quinze) segundos. De acordo com a resposta, a velocidade foi aumentada ou diminuída em 0,05 mg/kg/min, verificando-se a analgesia 10 (dez) minutos após até a determinação da velocidade na qual não havia respostas aos dois estímulos. Esta velocidade foi mantida por mais 2 (duas) mensurações. Em não havendo resposta era considerada a DE50. A média entre as velocidades (com e sem resposta) foi utilizada na determinação da taxa de infusão mínima de cada grupo. Esta DE50 foi utilizada na 2o etapa. Doze cães (12,28 l 1,37 kg) foram divididos em 2 grupos de seis. G3: indução anestésica com 6 mg/kg de propofol e manutenção...
There is a controversy on the doses of propofol to produce sufficient surgical analgesia. This study aimed to define the minimum infusion rate of propofol and propofol combined to lidocaine for IV anesthesia in dogs. The ED50 of propofol and propofol combined with lidocaine was calculated in 10 dogs, weighing 12.85 l 1.22 kg, anesthetized twice with a interval of 15 days. Anesthesia was induced (6 mg/kg/iv) and maintained with propofol (0.7 mg/kg/min.) (G1) and induced with propofol (6 mg/kg) and lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) and maintained with propofol (0.7 mg/kg/min) and lidocaine (0.25 mg/kg/min) (G2). Analgesia was investigated by tail clamping and podal reflex. The infusion rate was increased or reduced in 0.05 mg/kg/min, until no painful response was observed. The infusion rate was maintained for more 2 (two) evaluations, with a 10 minutes interval and this rate was considered the DE50 of propofol. The mean infusion rate between no pain response and positive response was considered the mean minimal infusion rate and was used in the second part of the study. Other 12 dogs (12.28 l 1.37 kg) were divided in 2 groups of 6 animals. G3 was treated with the same protocol as G1 and G4 as G2, with the propofol infusion rates previously calculated. Anesthesia was maintained for 2 hours. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables as well as BIS and temperature were measured during anesthesia. There was a smaller cardiovascular depression and greater vascular resistance and acidosis in animals treated with propofol and lidocaine. The BIS was maintained between 40 and 60 in both groups. Lidocaine potentiated in 21% the analgesia produced by propofol. The minimum infusion rate of propofol was 1.25 mg/kg/min when used alone and 0.985 mg/kg/min when combined to lidocaine. Lidocaine potentiated hypnosis and analgesia produced by propofol and minimized the cardiovascular depression, increasing recovery.
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Mannarino, Rodrigo. "Determinação da taxa de infusão mínima de propofol e propofol associado a lidocaína em cães (Cannis familaris) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86635.
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Orientador: Stelio Pacca Loureiro LunaResumo: A vantagem da anestesia injetável é a facilidade de produzir os componentes da anestesia (inconsciência, analgesia, relaxamento muscular e proteção neurovegetativa) com doses definidas dos diversos fármacos. Existem controvérsias sobre as doses de propofol necessárias para prover analgesia para realização de cirurgias. Objetivaram-se definir as taxas mínimas de infusão do propofol isoladamente e em associação com a lidocaína para anestesia intravenosa em cães, e a possível potencialização analgésica da lidocaína, avaliando-se os efeitos cardiovasculares e grau de hipnose. As DE50 do propofol e propofol associado a lidocaína foram calculadas em 10 cães (12,85 l 1,22 kg), sem raça definida, anestesiados 2 vezes com intervalo de 15 dias. G1: indução anestésica com propofol (6 mg/kg/iv) e manutenção inicial na velocidade de 0,7 mg/kg/min. G2: indução anestésica com propofol (6 mg/kg) e lidocaína (1,5 mg/kg) e manutenção inicial com propofol (0,7 mg/kg/min) e lidocaína em velocidade constante (0,25 mg/kg/min). A analgesia foi avaliada através do pinçamento de membrana interdigital dos membros posteriores e da ponta da cauda por 15 (quinze) segundos. De acordo com a resposta, a velocidade foi aumentada ou diminuída em 0,05 mg/kg/min, verificando-se a analgesia 10 (dez) minutos após até a determinação da velocidade na qual não havia respostas aos dois estímulos. Esta velocidade foi mantida por mais 2 (duas) mensurações. Em não havendo resposta era considerada a DE50. A média entre as velocidades (com e sem resposta) foi utilizada na determinação da taxa de infusão mínima de cada grupo. Esta DE50 foi utilizada na 2o etapa. Doze cães (12,28 l 1,37 kg) foram divididos em 2 grupos de seis. G3: indução anestésica com 6 mg/kg de propofol e manutenção... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: There is a controversy on the doses of propofol to produce sufficient surgical analgesia. This study aimed to define the minimum infusion rate of propofol and propofol combined to lidocaine for IV anesthesia in dogs. The ED50 of propofol and propofol combined with lidocaine was calculated in 10 dogs, weighing 12.85 l 1.22 kg, anesthetized twice with a interval of 15 days. Anesthesia was induced (6 mg/kg/iv) and maintained with propofol (0.7 mg/kg/min.) (G1) and induced with propofol (6 mg/kg) and lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) and maintained with propofol (0.7 mg/kg/min) and lidocaine (0.25 mg/kg/min) (G2). Analgesia was investigated by tail clamping and podal reflex. The infusion rate was increased or reduced in 0.05 mg/kg/min, until no painful response was observed. The infusion rate was maintained for more 2 (two) evaluations, with a 10 minutes interval and this rate was considered the DE50 of propofol. The mean infusion rate between no pain response and positive response was considered the mean minimal infusion rate and was used in the second part of the study. Other 12 dogs (12.28 l 1.37 kg) were divided in 2 groups of 6 animals. G3 was treated with the same protocol as G1 and G4 as G2, with the propofol infusion rates previously calculated. Anesthesia was maintained for 2 hours. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables as well as BIS and temperature were measured during anesthesia. There was a smaller cardiovascular depression and greater vascular resistance and acidosis in animals treated with propofol and lidocaine. The BIS was maintained between 40 and 60 in both groups. Lidocaine potentiated in 21% the analgesia produced by propofol. The minimum infusion rate of propofol was 1.25 mg/kg/min when used alone and 0.985 mg/kg/min when combined to lidocaine. Lidocaine potentiated hypnosis and analgesia produced by propofol and minimized the cardiovascular depression, increasing recovery.
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Bora, Luiz Fernando. "O propofol na anestesia intravenosa total equina." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43163.
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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Ricardo G. D. VilaniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/03/2016
Inclui referências : f.84-87
Área de concentração : Ciências Veterinárias
Resumo: A anestesia equina apresenta elevada taxa de mortalidade em comparação com outras espécies animais e seres humanos, em parte devido à ampla utilização de agentes inalatórios como único agente anestésico, promovendo importante depressão cardiovascular e respiratória. A utilização de analgésicos é fundamental para uma anestesia balanceada, auxiliando na diminuição do requerimento do anestésico de manutenção, apesar de restrições devido a particularidades da espécie equina, falta de novas opções e associações analgésicas. A anestesia total intravenosa (TIVA), com uso de anestésicos e analgésicos exclusivamente pela via intravenosa, possui o propofol como principal agente e pode ser uma boa opção ao uso dos anestésicos voláteis. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos avaliar a utilização de propofol em infusão contínua para cirurgias de rotina e anestesias experimentais com diferentes analgésicos (lidocaína e cetamina, remifentanil e lidocaína). Foram realizados 47 procedimentos anestésicos, sendo dez anestesias experimentais e 37 pertencentes a rotina hospitalar. Esta pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas. A primeira etapa estabeleceu a taxa de infusão de propofol com lidocaína e cetamina, correlacionando a taxa de infusão de propofol com variáveis dos pacientes e dos procedimentos, em 19 cavalos submetidos a cirurgias diversas. A segunda etapa avaliou variáveis cardiovasculares, respiratórias e hemodinâmicas em dez anestesias experimentais com utilização de infusão contínua de propofol ou isofluorano em associação à infusão contínua de remifentanil, para cavalos saudáveis em decúbito lateral e dorsal. A terceira etapa comparou a utilização de infusão contínua de propofol com o anestésico inalatório isofluorano em associação com infusão contínua de lidocaína para 18 cirurgias de laparotomia exploratória devido à cólica equina. Nas três etapas foram realizadas avaliações dos parâmetros fisiológicos, hemogasométricos, qualidade da indução anestésica, tempo e qualidade da recuperação anestésica e as apropriadas correlações. O requerimento de propofol foi maior em potros em comparação com cavalos adultos em cavalos anestesiados com propofol, lidocaína e cetamina. A associação de propofol com remifentanil em decúbito dorsal promoveu melhor estabilidade hemodinâmica em comparação com isofluorano e remifentanil. A associação de propofol e lidocaína em cavalos anestesiados para laparotomia exploratória foi semelhante para as variáveis cardiovasculares e recuperação anestésica, apesar de leve hipercapnia no grupo propofol e maior requerimento de dobutamina no grupo isofluorano. De forma geral o propofol produziu anestesia satisfatória, com boa estabilidade cardiovascular e hemodinâmica, apesar da recuperação anestésica mais longa após período prolongado de infusão, porém sem alterar a qualidade da recuperação.
Abstract: Equine anesthesia presents high rate of deaths compared to other animal species and human patients, partially because of the wide use of inhalational agents as a single anesthetic agent, resulting in significant cardiovascular and respiratory depression. The use of analgesics is essential for a balanced anesthesia, assisting in reduction of maintenance anesthetic, although there are restrictions due to particularities of the equine specie, lack of new options and analgesic associations.Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), with the use of analgesics and anesthetics exclusively intravenously, has propofol as a main agent and may be a good option to the use of volatile anesthetics. This study aimedto evaluate the use of continuous infusion of propofol for routine surgeries and experimental anestesias with different analgesics (lidocaine and ketamine, remifentanil and lidocaine). 47 anesthetic procedures were performed, ten experimental anesthesias and 37 clinical anesthesia. This study was divided into three parts.The first part established the required infusion rate of propofol with lidocaine and ketamine in 19 horses divided in foals and adult horses, undergoing surgeries. The second part assessed cardiovascular, respiratory and hemodynamic variables in ten experimental anesthesia with the use of continuous infusion of propofol or isoflurane in combination with continuous infusion of remifentanil for healthy horses in lateral and dorsal recumbency. The third part compared the use of continuous infusion of propofol to isoflurane in combination with continuous infusion of lidocaine for 18 exploratory laparotomy surgeries in horses with colic syndrome. In the three studies were evaluated physiological parameters, blood gas analysis, quality of induction of anesthesia, time and quality of anesthetic recovery and appropriate correlations. Propofol requirement was higher in foals compared to adult horses in anesthesia with propofol, lidocaine and ketamine. Propofol associated with remifentanil in dorsal recumbency showed better hemodynamic stability compared to isoflurane and remifentanil. The association of propofol and lidocaine for anesthetized horses for exploratory laparotomy showed anesthetic recovery and cardiovascular variables similar compared to isoflurane and remifentanil, although slight hypercapnia in propofol group and higher dobutamine application in isoflurane group. In general propofol produced satisfactory anesthesia with good cardiovascular and hemodynamic stability although longer anesthetic recovery after prolonged infusion, but without changing the quality of recovery.
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Gehrcke, Martielo Ivan. "Farmacocinética do propofol em nanoemulsão em gatos." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/839.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-12Cats are deficient in the metabolism of propofol and the data on the pharmacokinetics in this species are scarce. Besides, but changes in the formulations of drugs may cause pharmacokinetic variations. The aim this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of propofol in cats and compare the lipid emulsion formulations and nanoemulsion after continuous infusion. We used six healthy cats, weight 4.21 ± 0.81 kg in a randomized and self control. The animals received 10mg/kg of propofol 1% in the lipid emulsion or nanoemulsion for 30 seconds and immediately after infusion was started 0.3 mg / kg / min of the same formulation for 60 minutes. After 30 days received the same treatment with the formulation opposite.Samples of 3 ml of venous blood were collected via a central venous catheter inserted in the jugular vein at 0 (baseline), 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes of infusion and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes and 2, 3, 4, 6, 10 and 24 hours after the end of the infusion. Plasma concentrations and a bioequivalence study in specialized laboratory were analyzed taking into account the logarithmic values of maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve of the end of infusion to the last sample (AUC1-25). The pharmacokinetic parameters of volume of distribution (Vd), distribution half-lives (t1/2α) and elimination (t1/2β and t1/2γ), clearances (Cl central and compartmental) and microconstantes (k10, k12, k21, k13 and k31) were determined using computational and conversion tables from the decay curve of plasma concentration versus time at the end of the infusion. There was no difference between the formulations with respect to all parameters, however there was no bioequivalence between formulations AUC1-25 due to being outside the confidence intervals, however, the number of animals was low by the standards of bioequivalence. The values of t1/2α, β and γ were 10,2±8,4 minutes and 1.34 ± 0.25 and 21.52 ± 10.33 hours for the nanoemulsion and 11,4±5,4 minutes and 1.25 ± 0.45 and 17.92 ± 7.83 hours for the lipid emulsion. The volumes of distribution were high with V3 and Vdss of 18,63±10,98 and 23,23±12,30 liters/kg for the nanoemulsion and 13,14±6,56 and 18,12±8,54 liters/kg for lipid emulsion. The Cl were low with a Cl central to 22,20±10,83 ml/kg/min for the nanoemulsion and 23,42±13,50 ml/kg/min for lipid emulsion. Concluded that the pharmacokinetics of propofol in cats after continuous infusion differs from other species characterized by a wide tissue distribution and slow elimination. The nanoemulsion formulation has similar pharmacokinetic characteristics of the lipid emulsion
Os felinos são deficientes na biotransformação do propofol e os dados em relação à farmacocinética nesta espécie são escassos. Além do mais, alterações nas formulações dos fármacos podem acarretar variações farmacocinéticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o perfil farmacocinético do propofol em gatos e comparar as formulações em emulsão lipídica e em nanoemulsão após-infusão contínua. Utilizaram-se seis gatos hígidos, castrados, com peso médio de 4,21 ± 0,81 kg, em um estudo randomizado e autocontrole. Os animais receberam 10 mg/kg de propofol à 1% em emulsão lipídica (EMU) ou em nanoemulsão (NANO) durante 30 segundos e imediatamente após, iniciou se a infusão de 0,3 mg/kg/min da mesma formulação durante 60 minutos. Após 30 dias receberam o mesmo tratamento com a formulação oposta. Amostras de 3 ml de sangue venoso foram colhidas por meio de um cateter venoso central inserido na veia jugular nos tempos 0 (basal), 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 minutos de infusão e aos 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 e 90 minutos e 2, 3, 4, 6, 10 e 24 horas após o final da infusão. As concentrações plasmáticas e um estudo de bioequivalência foram analisados em laboratório especializado levando-se em consideração os valores logarítmicos de concentração máxima (Cmáx) e área sob a curva do final da infusão à última amostra (ASC1-25). Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos de Volumes de distribuição (Vd), meias-vidas de distribuição (t1/2 α) e de eliminação (t1/2β e t1/2γ), clearances (Cl central e compartimentais) e microconstantes (k10, k12, k21, k13 e k31) foram determinados com auxilio computacional e tabelas de conversão a partir da curva de decaimento da concentração plasmática versus tempo ao final da infusão. Não houve diferença entre as formulações em relação a todos os parâmetros, entretanto não foi observada bioequivalência entre as formulações devido à ASC1- 25 estar fora dos intervalos de confiança, porém, o número de animais foi baixo para os padrões de bioequivalência. Os valores de t1/2 α, β e γ foram de 10,2±8,4 minutos e 1,34± 0,25 e 21,52±10,33 horas para a nanoemulsão e de 11,4±5,4 minutos e 1,25±0,45 e 17,92±7,83 horas para a emulsão lipídica. Os volumes de distribuição foram altos com V3 e Vdss de 18,63±10,98 e 23,23±12,30 litros/kg para a nanoemulsão e de 13,14±6,56 e 18,12±8,54 litros/kg para a emulsão lipídica. Os Cl foram baixos com um Cl central de 22,20±10,83 ml/kg/min para a nanoemulsão e de 23,42±13,50 ml/kg/min para emulsão lipídica. Conclui se que a farmacocinética do propofol em gatos após-infusão contínua difere das demais espécies caracterizando-se por uma grande distribuição tecidual e uma lenta eliminação. A formulação em nanoemulsão apresenta características farmacocinéticas semelhantes as da emulsão lipídica
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Castro, Diogo Gorayeb de. "Efeitos do midazolam, associado ao propofol, na indução da anestesia em gatas submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-27012012-093140/.
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O propofol é o fármaco mais freqüentemente empregado na indução da anestesia de pequenos animais apesar de seu efeito depressor cardiovascular e respiratório. Sabe-se que a associação com outros fármacos pode determinar a redução de suas doses e essa possibilidade é pouco conhecida nos felinos. No presente estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos do emprego do midazolam associado ao propofol na indução da anestesia em gatas submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Foram utilizadas 30 gatas, jovens adultas, submetidas a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Após serem pré-tratadas com acepromazina e morfina, foram distribuídas em três grupos: o grupo GP recebeu indução somente com propofol; o grupo GMP recebeu midazolam imediatamente antes da indução com propofol; e o grupo GPM recebeu uma subdose de propofol, seguido por midazolam e novamente propofol até ser possível a intubação. Foi avaliada a redução da dose do propofol quando em associação com midazolam; a qualidade de intubação endotraqueal e grau de relaxamento muscular; a qualidade de indução da anestesia após a administração de propofol ou propofol em associação com midazolam, analisando qual a melhor seqüência de administração e a qualidade e o tempo de recuperação nas gatas submetidas à indução da anestesia com propofol ou propofol-midazolam. Foram também observados as freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial, oximetria, capnometria e hemogasometria. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que a dose de propofol para indução da anestesia em gatas é reduzida em 34% e 23% quando precedido ou antecedido pelo midazolam, respectivamente; a associação com midazolam não intensificou o relaxamento muscular promovido pelo propofol, não interferindo assim na qualidade de intubação endotraqueal das gatas; o uso prévio de midazolam em relação ao propofol na indução da anestesia não determinou agitação, tampouco excitação nas gatas; ambas as seqüências de administração da associação propofol-midazolam são factíveis, porém a seqüência propofol-midazolam se mostrou superior devido a menor dose empregada de propofol; do ponto de vista clínico, a associação com midazolam determinou prolongamento do tempo de recuperação das gatas, mas não determinou efeitos adversos no momento de despertar.Propofol is the most frequent drug used for induction of anesthesia in small animals. Its cardiovascular and respiratory depressor effects are well known. The association with other drugs may determine a reduction of its dose, and this possibility is not well known in cats. The present study evaluated the effects of midazolam associated to propofol during induction of anesthesia in cats submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Thirty cats were enrolled in this study. After premedicated with acepromazine and morphine, they were distributed in three groups: GP group that received only propofol for induction; GMP group that received midazolam immediately before propofol induction; and GPM group that received a sub dose of propofol, followed by midazolam and propofol until intubation was possible. The dose reduction of propofol when associated to midazolam; the quality of endotracheal intubation and the muscle relaxation degree were evaluated; the quality of anesthetic induction after administration of propofol or propofol associated with midazolam was compared, in order to identify the best administration sequence. The quality and time of recovery were evaluated as well. Heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressure, oximetry, capnometry and hemogasometry were also accessed. The results showed that propofol dose for anesthesia induction was reduced in 34% and 23% when preceded or succeeded by midazolam, respectively; The association with midazolam did not increase muscle relaxation promoted by propofol, therefore not interfering in the quality of endotracheal intubation in cats; the use of midazolam previously to propofol on anesthetic induction did not cause agitation or excitement; both sequence of administration of the association of propofol-midazolam were effective, although the sequence propofol-midazolam was been shown to be better, since the propofol dose was lower; from the clinic point of view, the association with midazolam determined a prolongation of the recovery, however no side effects were noted.
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OLIVEIRA, Renato Le?o S? de. "Efeito da velocidade de administra??o sobre a dose de indu??o do propofol em gatos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1443.
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This study was developed in the Veterinary Hospital from UFRRJ. Forty cats, from the neutering program of our institution, were enrolled in this study. Cats were classified as ASA I or II to be accepted. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the induction rate on the propofol requirement. We also aimed to quantify the propofol sparing effect of methadone and the incidence of side effects in these situations. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two premedication groups, receiving acepromazine (0,05 mg.kg-1) associated with saline (0,03 mL.kg-1) or methadone (0,3 mg.kg-1). Sedation scores were assessed 15 and 30 minutes after premedication using two scales (SDS and VAS). After the sedation assessment, animals were divided randomly in two more groups: fast (5 mg.kg-1.min-) or slow (1,5 mg.kg-1.min-1) induction rate. Sedation scores did not differed between groups neither over time. Just a slight sedation could be observed in both groups. Cats that received induction slowly had significantly more excitement as side effect of propofol. We could not observe difference between methadone and saline on the incidence of side effects. In fast induction rate we could not observe incidence of any side effects. Cats premedicated with methadone that received fast induction rate needed 33% less propofol than those that received saline and fast induction rate. When compared with both groups in slow induction rate, the propofol sparing effect of methadone was 38% when compared with fast induction rate. There were no differences between treatments in slow induction rate. Our results show the benefit of using methadone associated with acepromazine when an adequate induction rate is used. In addition we demonstrate that overly slow induction rates can increase the incidence of side effects as well as increase the amount of anesthetics used do achieve induction.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no setor de pequenos animais do Hospital Veterin?rio da UFRRJ. Foram utilizados 40 gatos provenientes do programa de controle de natalidade de c?es e gatos da institui??o. Os animais se enquadraram como ASA I ou II para serem inclu?dos no estudo. Seu objetivo foi mensurar o potencial da metadona em reduzir o requerimento de propofol para indu??o anest?sica em gatos. Al?m disso objetivou avaliar a incid?ncia de efeitos adversos durante esta indu??o e comparar o efeito de diferentes velocidades de administra??o do anest?sico sobre estas vari?veis. Os animais foram distribu?dos em dois grupos para administra??o da medica??o pr?-anest?sica, um grupo recebeu acepromazina (0,05 mg.kg-1) associada a metadona (0,3 mg.kg-1) e outro grupo recebeu a acepromazina associada a solu??o salina est?ril (0,03 mL.kg-1). Os animais tiveram seus escores de seda??o avaliados nos tempos 15 e 30 minutos ap?s a administra??o dos protocolos, atrav?s de duas escalas: uma escala descritiva simples e uma escala anal?gica visual. Posteriormente a avalia??o dos escores de seda??o os animais foram novamente divididos em dois grupos: com indu??o com propofol na velocidade de 5 mg.kg-1.min-1 ou na velocidade de 1,5 mg.kg-1.min-1. Os escores de seda??o n?o variaram significativamente entre os grupos nem ao longo do tempo em ambas as escalas, sendo poss?vel observar apenas uma leve tranquiliza??o nos animais em ambos os grupos. Os animais que receberam metadona apresentaram sinais de euforia. Os animais que receberam a indu??o na velocidade mais lenta apresentaram maior incid?ncia de efeitos adversos al?m de apresentarem maior requerimento anest?sico para indu??o, sem diferen?a entre os grupos pr?-tratados ou n?o com metadona. Nos grupos com indu??o mais r?pida n?o foram evidenciados efeitos colaterais. A indu??o com a velocidade mais r?pida se apresentou mais segura por ser quase isenta de efeitos adversos. Os animais pr?-tratados com metadona e induzidos com velocidade maior, apresentaram significativa redu??o no requerimento de propofol, sendo esta redu??o de 33% frente aos animais n?o tratados com metadona e induzidos na mesma velocidade e de 38% frente aos animais induzidos com velocidade mais lenta, sem diferen?a entre os tratamentos. Estes resultados demonstram o benef?cio da utiliza??o de analg?sicos opi?ides na medica??o pr?-anest?sica, al?m do efeito analg?sico, mas tamb?m reduzindo o requerimento de agentes indutores e consequentemente seus efeitos delet?rios. Da mesma maneira demonstrou-se que indu??es em velocidades excessivamente lentas se apresentam como formas delet?rias de utiliza??o do propofol como agente indutor, aumentando seu requerimento e a incid?ncia de efeitos adversos.
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Gonzalez, Arroyo Joaquin Alejandro, and Lara Mariol Palacios. "“PROPOFOL-FENTANIL VS PROPOFOL-KETAMINA PARA ANESTESIA EN MUJERES SOMETIDAS A LEGRADO UTERINO INSTRUMENTADO. HOSPITAL GENERAL DE JILOTEPEC I.S.E.M.”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/14991.
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Introducción: La combinación propofol con Fentanil es una técnica muy usada
para procedimientos de legrado uterino instrumentado, en este estudio
compararemos la combinación de Propofol-Ketamina y designaremos su eficacia.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo del uso de la
combinación de Propofol y Ketamina en 60 pacientes de ASA I y II que fueron
propuestas para legrado uterino instrumentado describiendo si existen variaciones
hemodinámicas y ventilatorias.
Resultados: El aborto incompleto fue el diagnóstico más frecuente ya que se
presentó en 35 pacientes, que corresponde al 58%, en segundo lugar el embarazo
anembriónico con frecuencia de 13 que corresponde al 21.6 %, en tercer lugar el
huevo muerto retenido con frecuencia de 7 pacientes que representan el 11.6%,
en cuarto lugar el sangrado genital anormal con 3 pacientes que corresponde al
5% y en quinto lugar la retención de restos ovulares con 2 pacientes que
represento 3.3%. Del total de pacientes estudiadas 13 fueron ASA I lo que
corresponde al 21.66%, y 47 pacientes fueron ASA II lo que corresponde al 78.33
%. Todos los pacientes con propofol-fentanil requirieron ventilación asistida y solo
en 2 casos con ketamina. Se observó mayor frecuencia de bradicardia en el grupo
de propofol-fentanil que en el grupo propofol–ketamina. En ambos grupos el
Ramsay inicial fue clase II, lo que significa que ninguna de las pacientes
estudiadas presentó algún estado de choque que repercutiera en su estado de
consciencia.
Conclusiones: La ketamina es un nuevo medicamento, eficaz para proveer este
tipo de sedación sin necesidad de asistencia ventilatoría y con menor repercusión
hemodinámica.
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Kramer, Kyle J. "Comparison of Mixtures of Propofol-Remifentanil vs. Propofol-Ketamine for Deep Sedation for Third Molar Extraction Surgery (IRB # 2009H0306)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291232805.
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Luiz, Rafael Messias. "Avaliação farmacocinética do propofol em nanoemulsão em cães." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/838.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-13Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Recent advances in pharmaceutical technology have created new formulations for established drugs such as propofol, these new formulations are compound by nanoemulsion systems and characterized by the absence of lipid vehicle. Changes in drug`s vehicle may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, resulting in differences in propofol`s distribution and elimination. The goals of this study is evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a new oil in water propofol formulation, which presents as surfactants SOLUTOL HS 15 and glycerol and compare with the traditional lipid emulsion. Were used six neutral female mongrel dogs (10.7 ± 1.5 kg) who received both propofol`s formulations (EMU - lipid emulsion or NANO - nanoemulsion) administered as a bolus dose of 8 mg/kg followed by continuous rate infusion for 60 minutes at 0.4 mg/kg/min, with a minimum interval of 30 days between experimental phases. Arterial blood samples were obtained for propofol plasma concentration detection by liquid chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry were collected just before induction (0), 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the bolus dose, after end of infusion were collected at 5 , 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes and 2, 3, 4, 6, 10 and 24 hours after the end of infusion. The pharmacokinetics parameters of volume of distribution, clearance, elimination constant, half life and distribution constants were evaluated using "paired t-test" with 5% significance level and bioequivalence test was made by reason of Cmax and AUC0-24 that should be in the range of 80 to 125% bioequivalence. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetics parameters between groups and the formulations didn t show bioequivalence. The results shows that this propofol nanoemulsion has the same pharmacokinetics characteristics of lipid emulsion and can be used safely in dogs by continuous infusion system
Os recentes avanços no campo da farmacotécnica criaram novas formulações para fármacos consagrados na rotina clínica como o propofol. Essas formulações são constituídas por sistemas nanoemulsionados, caracterizados pela ausência do veículo lipídico. A alteração no veículo pode acarretar alterações farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas, resultando em alterações na distribuição e excreção do propofol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a farmacocinética de uma nova formulação de propofol em nanoemulsão do tipo óleo em água, que apresenta como surfactantes Solutol HS 15 e glicerol, comparando com a formulação tradicional em emulsão lipídica. Foram utilizadas seis cadelas sem raça definida, castradas (10,7 ± 1,5 kg) que receberam as duas formulações de propofol (EMU emulsão lipídica ou NANO - nanoemulsão) sendo administrado uma dose bolus de 8 mg/kg seguida de infusão contínua por 60 minutos na dose de 0,4 mg/kg/min, com intervalo mínimo de 30 dias entre as fases do experimento. Amostras de sangue arterial para a detecção da concentração plasmática de propofol por cromatografia líquida com detecção por espectrometria de massa foram coletadas momentos antes da indução (0), 2, 5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 minutos após a dose bolus, após o término da infusão foram realizadas coletas nos tempos 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 e 90 minutos e 2, 3, 4, 6, 10 e 24 horas após o termino da infusão. Os resultados dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos de volume de distribuição, depuração, constante de eliminação, meia-vida e constantes de distribuição foram avaliados através de Teste T pareado com 5% de significância e o teste de bioequivalência entre as formulações foi realizado por meio da razão dos valores de Cmax e ASC0-24 que devem estar no intervalo de bioequivalência de 80 a 125%. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros farmacocinéticos entre os grupos avaliados e as formulações não apresentaram bioequivalência. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que esta formulação de propofol em nanoemulsão não apresenta alteração farmacocinética em relação a formulação padrão, podendo ser empregada com segurança em cães no regime de infusão contínua por apresentar as mesmas características farmacocinéticas do propofol em emulsão lipídica
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Cederqvist, Elin, and Mattias Torsson. "Propofols väg till patienten : Anestesisjuksköterskors följsamhet till och uppfattningar av aseptiska hygienrutiner vid iordningställande och administrering av propofol." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18121.
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Bakgrund: tidigare forskning visar på flera risker vid läkemedelshantering inom anestesi som resulterar i smittspridning vilket orsakar vårdrelaterade infektioner. Detta leder till lidande för patienter samt förlängda vårdtider och därmed ökade vårdkostnader. Delvis beror detta på riskfaktorer som bedöms som tämligen enkla att förebygga då de i huvudsak handlar om följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner. Inom anestesin finns stor utbredning och ökad förekomst av användandet av intravenös anestesi baserad på propofol. Propofol är ett gynnsamt medium för bakterietillväxt och således känsligt för kontamination och ska handhas aseptiskt. Syfte: undersöka anestesisjuksköterskors följsamhet till och uppfattningar av aseptiska hygienrutiner vid iordningställande och administrering av propofol. Metod: prospektiv kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deduktiv ansats. I studien observerades 22 anestesisjuksköterskor som även fick skatta sin egen uppfattning om aseptiskt handhavande i en enkät. Resultat: studien påvisar brister i följsamhet till både basala hygienrutiner och aseptiskt handhavande av propofol. Konklusion: brister i följsamhet till aseptik medför risk för vårdrelaterade infektioner och således lidande för patienter.Background: previous research shows evidence of multiple risks while administering drugs in an anesthetic context which lead to in iatrogenic contamination and health-care related infections. This leads to increased patient suffering, prolonged hospitalization, and increased health-care costs. Partly, this is caused by risk factors which are considered reasonably easy to prevent, preventative by compliance to basic hygiene routines. Within anesthetic care there is broad usage and increased prevalence of propofol-based intravenous anesthesia. Propofol has a predisposition for microbiological growth which means that it is sensitive to contamination, and should be handled aseptically. Aim: examine nurse anesthetists’ compliance to and perceptions of aseptic hygiene routines when preparing and administering propofol. Method: prospective quantitative cross-sectional study with a deductive approach. In this study, 22 nurse anesthetists were observed and were later asked in a questionnaire, to estimate their own perceptions of aseptic conduct while handling propofol. Result: the result demonstrates lack of adherence both in basic hygiene routines and aseptic handling of propofol. Conclusion: lack of adherence to aseptic routines concludes a risk for iatrogenic infections thus leading to patient suffering.
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DANG-VAN, CAO AN HOA. "Utilisation du propofol dans le cadre d'un service d'urgences chirurgicales et dans l'optique d'une anesthesie ambulatoire eventuelle." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31182.
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EMERAT, GEORGES. "Utilisation du propofol en neurochirurgie : a propos de 50 cas." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31157.
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Mouysset, Henry. "Place du propofol en chirurgie generale et gynecologique pour interventions de courte et moyenne duree." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31029.
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BEAUDOUX, VERONIQUE. "Etude clinique de l'utilisation du propofol (diprivan*) pour l'anesthesie du sujet age." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31131.
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Leturgie, Chloé Floch Hervé. "Comparaison du propofol administré en mode AIVOC au thiopental administré en mode AIVOC dans les tumorectomies en neurochirurgie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEleturgie.pdf.
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Haid, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Sedierung mit Remifentanil und Propofol versus Codein und Propofol zur Bronchoskopie bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen mit Mukoviszidose / Kerstin Haid." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023098415/34.
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Whalley, P. M. "The effect of propofol on hepatic drug metabolism." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242307.
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Velly, Lionel. "Effets neuroprotecteurs des agents anesthésiques sur des modèles in vitro et in vivo d'ischémie cérébrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22957/document.
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L’effet neuroprotecteur des agents anesthésiques est maintenant établi depuis plus de 30ans. Cependant, les mécanismes impliqués restent imparfaitement élucidés. A cours de cetravail nous avons étudié deux volets de leur protection :La première partie porte sur l’implication de la transmission glutaminergique dans leurseffets neuroprotecteurs directs, c'est-à-dire lorsqu’ils sont utilisés au cours d’une l’ischémiecérébrale. Nous avons étudié deux agents anesthésiques de classe distincte: le propofol et lesévoflurane sur des co-cultures de neurones et d’astrocytes corticaux de rat soumis à uneprivation en oxygène et en glucose transitoire (POG). Nous avons ainsi observé que laprésence de propofol ou de sévoflurane pendant la POG prévenait la mort neuronale,l’accumulation de glutamate extracellulaire et la diminution de la capture du glutamateinduites par l’ischémie. Nous avons également montré que cette restauration partielle del’activité de capture du glutamate impliquait des transporteurs distincts entre le propofol et lesévoflurane.La deuxième partie a porté sur la neuroprotection obtenue par un préconditionnement (PC)pharmacologique liée à l’utilisation avant l’ischémie d’agents anesthésique volatils. Nousavons tout d’abord confirmé in vitro l’existence d’une telle protection avec le sévoflurane etmis en évidence le rôle primordial, au cours de cette protection, des canaux potassiques ATPdépendantset des radicaux libres. Puis sur un modèle in vivo d’occlusion transitoire del’artère cérébrale moyenne, le PC par sévoflurane a induit une neuroprotection supérieure àcelle obtenue avec l’utilisation de sévoflurane uniquement pendant l’ischémie. Cependantcette protection est transitoire et ne perdure pas dans le temps. Le sévoflurane ne fait queretarder, sans l’empêcher, la mort neuronale liée à l’apoptose. Il offre cependant une fenêtrethérapeutique intéressanteThe neuroprotective effect of anesthetic agents is now established for over 30 years.However, the mechanisms involved remains to be fully explored. This work focuses on twoneuroprotective strategies:The first part is on the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in their directneuroprotective effects. We studied the effect of two separate classes of anesthetic agents:propofol and sevoflurane on co-cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from rats subjectedto a transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) mimicking cerebral ischemia. Weobserved that the presence of propofol or sevoflurane during OGD prevented neuronal death,accumulation of extracellular glutamate and decreased uptake of glutamate induced byischemia. We also demonstrated that this partial restoration of glutamate uptake mediated bypropofol and sevoflurane involved differential transporters.The second part deals with the neuroprotection achieved by pharmacologicalpreconditioning with regard to the use of volatile anesthetic agents before ischemia. We firstconfirmed in vitro the existence of such protection with sevoflurane. We also highlighted therole of ATP-dependent potassium channels and reactive oxygen species in sevofluranepreconditioning-induced neuroprotection. Then, using an in vivo model of focal transientischemia, we showed that sevoflurane preconditioning significantly improved functionaloutcome and reduced infarct volume. However, this protection was transient. Sevofluraneonly delayed the neuronal death associated with apoptosis but offers an interesting therapeuticwindow
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Froelich, Michael Arnold. "The effects of propofol on pain intensity and unpleasantness." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004790.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 43 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pappas, Eleni Elias. "A new efficient model to investigate propofol injection pain." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1196275397.
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Castro, Vanessa Bastos [UNESP]. "Efeitos hemodinâmicos do cloridrato de dexmedetomidina administrado por infusão intravenosa contínua em cães anestesiados com propofol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105629.
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O emprego de procedimentos de anestesia intravenosa total em cães tem sido mais freqüente, devido ao melhor conhecimento do perfil farmacocinético dos fármacos empregados. Como ainda não existe um único fármaco que produza todas as características desejáveis em uma anestesia geral, há a necessidade de se associar ao hipnótico, agentes com propriedades analgésicas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos causados pela associação do cloridrato de dexmedetomidina, nas doses de 1 e 2 μg/kg/h, e propofol na dose de 0,3 mg/kg/min, administrada em infusão intravenosa contínua em cães, bem como o tempo de recuperação anestésica após duas horas de infusão. Seis cães, clinicamente sadios, sem raça definida, pesando 17,6±1,8 kg, foram submetidos a três tratamentos com intervalo de uma semana e em seqüência aleatória. Todos os animais foram inicialmente anestesiados com isofluorano a 5V% com fluxo de 3 l/min de O2. Após a indução e intubação, os animais foram posicionados em decúbito lateral esquerdo e mantidos com isofluorano na concentração de 1,8V%. As veias cefálicas e a artéria dorsal podal foram cateterizadas e um cateter de Swan Ganz 5F foi introduzido pela veia jugular. Após fixação dos cateteres na pele, a administração do isofluorano foi interrompida. Os cães permaneceram despertos por 1 hora, e após esse período, foi realizada a avaliação das variáveis hemodinâmicas. Em seguida os cães receberam um dos seguintes tratamentos: Controle: indução com propofol (6 mg/kg/30s) e solução de NaCl 0,9% (5 ml/10min) seguida de manutenção com propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) e NaCl 0,9% (4 ml/h); Dex 1: indução com propofol (6 mg/kg/30s) e cloridrato de dexmedetomidina (1 μg/kg/10min) seguida de manutenção com propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min)...
Total intravenous anesthesia in dogs has been more frequently used, the pharmacokinetic profile of the new drugs is better understood. No injectable anesthetic produces all of the components of a general anesthesia, it is required to associate additional analgesics with hypnotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic effects caused by the association of 1 and 2 μg/kg/h of dexmedetomidine and 0,3 mg/kg/min of propofol, administered by continuous intravenous infusion, as well time of anesthetic recovery after 2 hours of infusion. Six healthy dogs weighting 17,6±1,8 kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with at least one week intervals between each treatment. All animals were initially anesthetized with 5V% of isoflurane and 3 l/min of oxygen. After induction and intubation, the animals were posicionated in left lateral recumbence and maintained with 1.8% end tidal. All animals were instrumented with a cephalic veins and arterial catheter and a Swan Ganz catheter in order to a monitor hemodynamic parameters. After instrumentation isoflurane was interrupted and animals were awake and remained awake for one hour. After that, baselines parameters were taken. Dogs received each one of these treatments: Control: was induced with propofol (6 mg/kg/30s) and saline (5 ml/10 min), maintenance was with propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) and saline (4 ml/h). Dex 1 was induced with propofol (6 mg/kg30s) and dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg10 min), maintenance with propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg/h). Dex 2 was induced with propofol (6 mg/kg30s) and dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg/10min), maintenance with propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) and dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg/h) during 120 minutes. The parameters (HR, SBP, MAP, DAP, CI, SI, CVP, PAP, POPA, SVRI, PVRI, RR, ETCO2, SaO2, pHa, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3, Hb, CaO2, IDO2, temperature) were taken at 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutes after induction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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LAMBLIN, OLIVIER. "La sedation en medecine d'urgence au samu 25 : interet du propofol." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA3050.
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Fagerström, Helena, and Mattias Magnusson. "Förebyggande av smärta vid propofolinjektion : Jämförelse mellan lidokain och remifentanil." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3194.
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Propofol is an intravenously administered, hypnotic and short- acting pharmaceutical. One common sideeffect (>1:10) and therefore a disadvantage with propofol is the local pain that arise when the initial injection is given. Why the pain arise is not clearly understood. A majority of different pharmacological treatments, different doses and combinations, alternative administrations methods and physical interventions have been tried to reduce the pain when injection of propofol is given. One important task for the nurse is to relieve pain for patients. It is important for all patients to be painless and not experience discomfort caused by procedure in health care. The purpose of this study was to examine if administration of lidocaine and/ or remifentanil could in connection with injection of propofol reduce pain incidence and intensity at the injection. A literature study based on twenty-eight scientific articles was conducted. The result shows that a combination of lidocaine andremifentanil give the best pain relief. Howewer there is no difference in propofolinduced injection pain when lidocaine or remifentanil alone is compared. Other factors that could affect injection pain are use of a tourniquet which enhances the pain reduction, but the time that the tourniquet is applied is not decisive. The placement of the iv-catheter should be in the largest vein possible. By using this knowledge the incidence and intensity of pain could be reduced with drugs commonly used in Swedish aneasthetic care. Thereby patients' suffering could also be reduced.
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VINOT, OLIVIER. "Mesure de la fonction renale au cours d'une anesthesie au propofol pour cholecystectomie." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M208.
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HOURDIN, DOMINIQUE. "Qualite de reveil apres anesthesie par le propofol a debit constant : choix des tests de reveil utilisables ;analyse critique et resultats." Amiens, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AMIEM040.
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LICHAU, JEROME. "Anesthesie ambulatoire et coloscopie : experience de la perfusion de propofol pilotee par ordinateur." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20813.
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ROZE, OLIVIER. "Interet de l'adjonction de ketamine au propofol pour la sedation des patients devant beneficier d'une colonoscopie longue : a propos de 50 cas." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M049.
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Heyden, Martin von der [Verfasser], Helfried [Gutachter] Waleczek, and Michael [Gutachter] Zenz. "Eine Untersuchung zur Prophylaxe von Injektionsschmerz bei einer Narkoseinduktion mit Propofol 1% und Lidocain versus Propofol 1% und Metoclopramid versus Propofol 1% und Plazebo / Martin von der Heyden ; Gutachter: Helfried Waleczek, Michael Zenz ; Medizinische Fakultät." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1221367854/34.
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McAdam, Laura Catherine. "Propofol and benzodiazepine modulation of GABA[subscript]AR function." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0013/MQ29345.pdf.
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Sitar, Sandra M. "Effects of oxidative stress and propofol on astrocyte function." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39884.pdf.
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Ludbrook, Guy Lawrence. "The cerebral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in sheep /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl944.pdf.
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Pappas, Eleni Elias. "A new efficient model to investigate propofol injection pain." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196275397.
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Shravah, Jayant. "Propofol mediates risk-safe cross-talk in h9c2 myofibroblasts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44111.
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Sinha, Sayantani. "Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Propofol Induced Vasodilation." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618926.
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Aims: Propofol, clinically named as Diprivan is an intravenous anesthetic known to cause hypotension in patients presenting for surgery. We have investigated the vasodilatory signaling cascade by which propofol causes hypotension using both in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches.
Methods and Results: Using high-fidelity microtip transducer catheter, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured in control, transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 knock-out (TRPA1-/-), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 knock-out (TRPV1-/-) and TRPA1-TRPV1 double-knockout mice (TRPAV-/-) in the presence and absence of L-NAME (an endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and penitrem A [a big-conductance calcium gated (BKCa) channel inhibitor]. To further support our in-vivo data, murine coronary microvessels were isolated and cannulated for vasoreactivity studies. Furthermore, NO production from endothelial cells isolated from mouse aorta was also measured and immunocytochemical (ICC) studies were performed to show the intracellular localization of TRPA1 and TRPV1. Our in-vivo data shows that the characteristic propofol-induced depressor response is dependent on TRPA1-NO-BKCa pathway. Interestingly, vasoreactivity studies in isolated murine left anterior ascending (LAD) arteries demonstrate that TRPA1 and TRPV1 communicate with each other and propofol-induced vasodilation is dependent on both TRPA1 and TRPV1. Moreover our data also suggest that NO production and BK channel activation are the downstream mediators in this pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that NO production is attenuated in primary endothelial cells isolated from TRPAV-/- mice. ICC data also shows the co-localization of these channels in mouse aortic endothelial cells.
Conclusions: This is the first study which has shown that propofol-induced vasodilation involves TRPA1 in-vivo and also there is an implication of cross-talk between TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the coronary bed. Furthermore by understanding the mechanisms by which this anesthetic causes hypotension and coronary dilation will help to mitigate the potential harmful side-effects of anesthesia in patients with little cardiovascular reserve. This will in turn ensure a better and faster post-operative recovery in patients, especially benefiting those suffering from diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders.
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Al-Arifi, Mohamed N. "Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies involving thiopentone and propofol." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333795.
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Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Regula. "Total intravenous anaesthesia in horses using medetomidine and propofol." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321947.
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Trautner, Katharina Anna [Verfasser]. "Anheftung von gasförmigem Propofol an Beatmungsschläuchen / Katharina Anna Trautner." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229916733/34.
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SINHA, SAYANTANI. "Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in Propofol Induced Vasodilation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1384901930.
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Ouattara, Alexandre. "Pharmacodynamie et pathopharmacodynamie cardiovasculaires du propofol et du rémifentanil." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066210.
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Sur un modèle de cœur de isolé et perfusé, les effets cardiaques du propofol ont été étudiés au cours de deux situations pathologiques: la cardiomyopathie hypertrophique et l’hyperoxie. Lors de ces deux situations, les effets myocardiques du propofol ne sont pas modifiés. Néanmoins, nous avons observé une augmentation de la vasodilatation coronaire induite par le propofol au cours de l’hyperoxie mettant en jeu les canaux potassiques ATP dépendants. Sur ce même modèle, le rémifentanil est dénué d’effets myocardiques et coronaires. Chez le patient porteur d’un cœur artificiel total dont le débit est rendu indépendant des conditions de charge, nous avons démontré que le rémifentanil induit une vasodilatation artérielle systémique. Sur le modèle de cœur isolé et perfusé, la terlipressine possède des effets cardiaques intrinsèques, associant une dépression myocardique et une vasoconstriction coronaire via les récepteurs vasopressinergiques V1, significativement moindres que la vasopressineOn isolated heart model, we evaluated cardiac effects of propofol in compensated cardiac hypertrophy and during hyperoxia. In these pathophysiological conditions, the myocardial effects of propofol were not modified. However, coronary effects of propofol were significantly increased during hyperoxia. The cardiac and peripheral vascular effects of remifentanil were respectively evaluated on isolated rabbit heart and in critically ill patients in whom a total artificial heart had been implanted. We found that it was devoid of significant cardiac effects. In patients with artificial heart, remifentanil induced systemic arterial vasodilation. The vasopressinergic agonists have been proposed to correct anesthesia-induced hypotension. We compared cardiac effects of terlipressin, vasopressin and norepinephrine on an isolated heart model. We found that terlipressin, in concentrations at the lower end of the clinically therapeutic range, could have a better cardiac hemodynamic profile