Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propionate'
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Oliveira, Gabriela Bagio. "Frequência de fornecimento de narasina na nutrição de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-03122018-113419/.
Full textThe intake on the correct dosage and frequency are the main difficulties of supplying ionophores for animals on high forage diets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of supplementation of narasin over performance (Exp. I), ruminal fermentation parameters, nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance (Exp. II) on sheep fed high forage diets. The experimental diets consisted on 95% coastcross hay and 5% ground corn used as a delivery vehicle of the additive. The treatments were: Control (C): daily supply of concentrate without the ionophore; narasin 24 hours (N24): daily supply of 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM; narasin 48 hours (N48): supply of narasin every 48 hours (every other day), being provided 26 mg of Narasin/kg of DM on the first day and only the ground corn on the second day (an average of 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM); narasin 72 hours (N72): supply of narasin every 72 hours (one day receiving the additive followed by two days without receiving it), being provided 39 mg of narasin/kg of DM on the first day and only the ground corn on the second and third days. The statistical analysis was done using the MIXED procedure on SAS (2002) and the effects were considered significant when P 0.05. Experiment I: Were used 44 lambs (33.31 ± 0.59 kg) in a randomized block experimental design, the trial lasted 105 days. There was no effect for DMI (P = 0.28), the daily inclusion of narasin (N24) and every 48 hours (N48) increased the ADG (P = 0.03) and the FE (P < 0.01). Experiment II: Were used 4 male lambs (Dorper x Santa Inês, castrated and cannulated in the rumen) in a 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design. The trial lasted 144 days, divided in 4 periods of 36 days each. The first twelve days of each period were used as wash-out, from the 13th to the 36th day the animals received the experimental diets, and the data collection (feces, urine and ruminal fluid) were done on the last six days of each period. . It was not the effect on the digestibility of DM (P = 0.30) and NDF (P = 0.14). The daily inclusion of narasin (N24) and every 48 hours (N48) increased the molar concentration of propionate (P < 0.01), the total concentration of SCFA (P <0.01) and reduced the acetate to propionate (acetate:propionate ratio) ratio (P < 0.01). Based on this data it was possible to 13 conclude that the daily supply of narasin (N24) and every 48 hours (N48) affected the performance and ruminal fermentation parameters on sheep, but this effects decreased when intervals bigger than 48 hours (N72) were used.
Ali, H. R. H., Howell G. M. Edwards, John Kendrick, and Ian J. Scowen. "Vibrational spectroscopic study of fluticasone propionate." Elsevier, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4724.
Full textLuticasone propionate is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity that has been used effectively in the treatment of chronic asthma. The present work reports a vibrational spectroscopic study of fluticasone propionate and gives proposed molecular assignments on the basis of ab initio calculations using BLYP density functional theory with a 6-31G* basis set and vibrational frequencies predicted within the quasi-harmonic approximation. Several spectral features and band intensities are explained. This study generated a library of information that can be employed to aid the process monitoring of fluticasone propionate.
Polizel, Daniel Montanher. "Utilização de narasina na nutrição de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-19012018-095611/.
Full textIonophores play an important role as ruminant fermentation manipulators mainly for improving energy and protein efficiency in ruminant. Narasin is an ionophore capable of making microbiological control in the ruminal environment. However, the literature has little information on the use of narasin in sheep nutrition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of doses of narasin in diets of sheep fed diets containing high concentrate or forage contents. The hypothesis is that narasin has the ability to alter the final products of ruminal fermentation, improving nutrient utilization and nitrogen metabolism of sheep. In the Exp I the experimental diets were defined according of the inclusion or not of additives in the diet containing high concentrate, using a control diet (C: no ionophore); the addition of 25 mg of monensin/kg of DM (M); 5 (N5), 10 (N10) or 15 mg of narasin/kg of DM. The inclusion of 5, 10 and 15 mg of narasin / kg of DM increased the average daily gain and feed efficiency of lambs fed for 56 days on a diet containing 90% concentrate. In the Exp II were evaluated the same diets used in the Exp I. The inclusion of 5, 10 and 15 mg narasin / kg DM reduced CMS and increased the apparent digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, fat and NFC. In addition, after the adaptation period there was a quadratic effect for the molar proportion of acetate and the acetate: propionate ratio with increasing doses of narasin, however, did not alter the ruminal pH. The doses of narasin linearly reduced the concentration of ammonia in the ruminal fluid. The inclusion of narasin in diets of wethers tended to reduce nitrogen consumption, and reduced the elimination of nitrogen through feces and urine. In the Exp III the experimental diets were defined by the inclusion of doses of narasin in diets containing high forage contend, being the control diets (N0: no ionophore), and inclusion of 8, 16, 24 or 32 mg of narasin/kg od DM. the inclusion of 0, 8, 16, 24 or 32 mg of narasin / kg of DM in diets of lambs fed with high volume did not affect dry matter intake and tended to linearly increase the NDF digestibility coefficient. Doses of narasin did not alter the molar ratio of AGCC, however increased the total concentration of AGCC in and decreased linearly the concentration of ammonia in the ruminal fluid. Based on these data it was possible to conclude that narasin can be use in sheep diets to improve animal performance
De, Wet Martie. "The effect of colonic propionate and the acetate : propionate ratio on risk markers for cardiovascular disease in westernised African men." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/30.
Full textHolland, Gail Skene. "Diversity of propionate producing bacteria from the pig gastrointestinal tract." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493590.
Full textFauzee, Ayeshah Fateemah Beebee. "Development, manufacture and assessment of Clobetasol 17-propionate cream formulations." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013324.
Full textBesnier, Sandrine. "Propionate de fluticasone : corticoïde inhalé dans le traitement de l'asthme." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P021.
Full textOhl, Jean. "Hepatotoxicite du propionate d'erythromycine : a propos de trois observations personnelles." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M147.
Full textFontana, Márcia Camponogara. "NANOPARTÍCULAS CONTENDO PROPIONATO DE CLOBETASOL: PREPARAÇÃO, CARACTERIZAÇÃO E INCORPORAÇÃO EM HIDROGÉIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5911.
Full textThe aim of this work was the development of nanostructured formulations containing clobetasol propionate. Initially, it was validated a chromatographic method to assay clobetasol propionate in nanocapsule suspensions. Clobetasol propionate-loaded nanocapsules and nanospheres of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and nanoemulsion (0.5 mg mL-1) were prepared by the interfacial deposition of preformed polymer method, nanoprecipitation and spontaneous emulsification, respectively. Formulations were characterized by means of drug content, encapsulation efficiency, pH, mean size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology analysis, and stability under storage. The PCL nanocapsules showed the highest physicochemical stability, followed by the nanoemulsions and nanospheres. In the evaluation of in vitro release of clobetasol propionate, the nanocapsules showed a better control of drug release, according to the biexponential model. The photodegradation study of clobetasol propionate against UVA light showed the importance of the polymer and the oil in the nanoparticles to protect the drug from light. From these results, the nanocapsules were chosen for the study of the influence of the polymerid material on the physicochemical stability umder storage, photostability, release profile of the drug and its release mechanism. The nanocapsules prepared with poly(lactide) (PLA) showed a higher stability in comparison to the nanocapsules prepared with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) 50:50 and 85:15, although its stability was lower than nanocapsules prepared with PCL. Photodegradation studies demonstrated the pretection of the nanoencapsulated drug, regardless of the polymeric material of the nanocapsule s wall. The in vitro release study demonstrated the controlled release of the drug according to an anomalous transport. Due to these results, the nanocapsules prepared with PCL were selected for the development and preparation of hydrogels. Similar formulations containing nanospheres and nanoemulsion were used to evaluate the influence of polymer and oil on different properties of the hydrogels. These dosage forms were evaluated for drug content, pH, spreadability, rheology and in vitro drug release. All hydrogels presented properties compatible to the topical application. The presence of the drug-loaded nanoparticles in hydrogels led a slower drug release, especially for the formulation containing nanocapsules. The drug release profile was according to the Higuchi model.
Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de formulações nanoestruturadas contendo propionato de clobetasol. Inicialmente, foi validado um método cromatográfico para análise do propionato de clobetasol em suspensões de nanocápsulas poliméricas. As nanocápsulas e nanoesferas de poli(ε-caprolactona) (PCL) e nanoemulsões contendo propionato de clobetasol (0,5 mg/mL) foram preparadas pelo método da deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado, nanoprecipitação e emulsificação espontânea, respectivamente. Foram avaliados teores de fármaco, eficiências de incorporação, pHs, diâmetros de partícula, índices de polidispersão, potenciais zeta, características morfológicas e estabilidade frente ao armazenamento das diferentes formulações. As nanocápsulas apresentaram maior estabilidade físico-química, seguida pelas nanoemulsões e nanoesferas. Na avaliação da liberação in vitro do propionato de clobetasol, as nanocápsulas apresentaram o maior controle na liberação do fármaco, seguindo um modelo biexponencial. O estudo da fotodegradação do propionato de clobetasol frente à luz UVA demonstrou a importância da presença do polímero e do óleo para o aumento da fotoestabilidade. Diante destes resultados, as nanocápsulas foram selecionadas para o estudo da influência do material polimérico sobre as características físico-químicas, estabilidade frente ao armazenamento, fotoestabilidade, perfil de liberação do fármaco e seu mecanismo de liberação. As nanocápsulas preparadas com poli(ácido lactídeo) (PLA) apresentaram uma maior estabilidade frente ao armazenamento em comparação com as nanocápsulas preparadas com poli(ácido lactídeo-coglicolídeo) 50:50 e 85:15, embora sua estabilidade tenha sido inferior às nanocápsulas preparadas com PCL. O estudo da fotodegradação demonstrou a proteção do fármaco quando nanoencapsulado, independente do tipo de polímero empregado na sua preparação. A liberação in vitro demonstrou a liberação controlada do fármaco com transporte anômalo. Diante de todos esses resultados, as nanocápsulas preparadas com PCL foram selecionadas para o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas semissólidas (hidrogéis). Formulações similares contendo nanoesferas e a nanoemulsão foram utilizadas para se avaliar a influência do polímero e do óleo sobre diferentes propriedades dos hidrogéis. Estas formas farmacêuticas foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de fármaco, pH, espalhabilidade, reologia e liberação in vitro do fármaco. Os hidrogéis apresentaram propriedades compatíveis com a aplicação tópica. A presença do fármaco nanoencapsulado nos hidrogéis proporcionou sua liberação controlada, principalmente para as formulações contendo as nanocápsulas. O perfil de liberação do fármaco a partir dos hidrogéis seguiu o modelo de Higuchi.
Tavassoli-Salardini, Fereshteh, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in aqueous media with sodium propionate." THESIS_FST_XXX_TavassoliSalardini_F.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/233.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Tavassoli-Salardini, Fereshteh. "Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in aqueous media with sodium propionate /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030901.133617/index.html.
Full textMörtelmaier, Christoph [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Winter. "Propionate-Oxidizing bacteria in Anaerobic Biowaste Digesters / Christoph Mörtelmaier. Betreuer: J. Winter." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073204960/34.
Full textHasegawa, Yoshinori, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi, Masashi Kondo, Mitsuo Sato, Naozumi Hashimoto, Satoru Ito, Tadakatsu Matsuno, et al. "Nongenomic Effects of Fluticasone Propionate and Budesonide on Human Airway Anion Secretion." Thesis, American thoracic society, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18885.
Full textJin, Zuwei. "Continuous extractive fermentation using hollow-fiber membrane extractors for enhanced propionate production /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946103569259.
Full textRouse, Jennifer. "Hyaluronic acid - Flucitasone Propionate : a novel formulation for sustained activity in the lung." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423861.
Full textWilson, Kirkland A. Wilson. "Interrelations Between 3-Hydroxypropionate, Propionate, And ß-Alanine Metabolism: Relevance To Propionic Acidemia." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1515518969675728.
Full textWa, Kasongo Kasongo. "Development and in vitro evaluation of a clobetasol 17-propionate topical cream formulation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003277.
Full textCintra, Ana Carolina Suzuki Dias. "Alfa-oxidação de propionato está envolvida na redução da produção de plástico biodegradável em Burkholderia sacchari?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-19092008-104933/.
Full textBurkholderia sacchari is a new bacterial species from brazilian soil, able to grow in sucrose, accumulating intracellular granules of polyester belonging to the polyhydroxyalkanoate family (PHA). When cultivated on sucrose, the homopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate is accumulated by this bacterium, which is used as biodegradable and biocompatible plastic. When sucrose and propionic acid are supplied as carbon sources, B. sacchari cells accumulate the copolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (P3HB-co-3HV). However, a small percentage ofthe propionic acid supplied is converted to 3HV units, because efficient catabolic pathways convert this substrate preferentially to biomass, CO2 and water, thus reducing the efficiency of polymer production. At least two propionate catabolic pathways have been previously indicated in B. sacchari: a-oxidation and the 2-methylcitric acid (2MCC), the latter confirmed at molecular leveI. UV mutants previously obtained were unable to grow in propionate (prp) and also showed the phenotype affected concerning grow on intermediates of propionate a-oxidation. In the present work, after a screening in B. sacchari genomic libraries, one ofthem constructed also in the present work, the prp + phenotype was restored to the mutants by three different DNA fragments harbored by dones A), PI and P2. Quantitative experiments revealed that AI restored only partially the quantitative conversion of propionate to 3HV units to the mutants. PI restored the ability to grow in propionate and in other intermediates of a-oxidation to one prp mutant. A DNA 1.2 Kb subfragment of PI, still able to complement prp mutants, was subcloned and sequenced, showing similarity to DNA sequences encoding to LysR-type transcriptional regulators of various bacteria, including BlIrkholderia species. Adjacent regions to LysR in different genomes of BlIrkholderia are annotated as encoding to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, neighboring a predicted acyl-CoA transferases/carnitine dehydratase and a permease ofthe major facilitator superfamily MFS-1. After confirmation ofthe same adjacent regions in B. sacchari and also their especific deletion, it will be possible to prove the presence of the pathway indicated here in the catabolism of propionate.
Jones, Robert Eric. "Effect of feeding calcium propionate on carcass composition, and productive performance of male broilers." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=778.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 69 p. : ill. (some col.) Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62).
Van, Bibber-Krueger Cadra. "Mineral supplementation of feedlot cattle." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32646.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
James S. Drouillard
Four studies evaluated effects of mineral supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics and ruminal fermentation of finishing cattle. Study 1 supplemented 0 or 3.3 g/d yeast combined with Cr propionate to steers separated into light and heavy groups. No treatment x weight group interactions were observed for ADG, DMI, final BW, carcass traits, or plasma glucose of lactate concentrations (P ≥ 0.06). A treatment x weight group interaction was observed for G:F (P = 0.03). In study 2, steers were supplemented 60 or 300 mg Zn/kg DM with or without zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH). No interactions or effects of Zn or ZH were observed for IGF-1, plasma glucose, or lactate concentrations (P > 0.05). Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentration decreased with ZH (P < 0.01). No interactions or effects of Zn or ZH were detected for ADG, DMI, final BW, G:F, and carcass traits were minimally affected (P ≥ 0.05). Study 3 evaluated effects of supplementing 30 or 100 mg Zn/kg DM (30 or 100Zn) with and without ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 200 mg/d). No interactions or effects of Zn were observed for feedlot performance or PUN (P ≥ 0.07). Final BW, ADG, and HCW increased when heifers were fed RH (P ≤ 0.02). Zinc x RH interactions were observed for LM area and yield grade (P ≤ 0.01), but other carcass traits were not affected (P ≥ 0.08). In study 4, heifers were supplemented 0, 30, 60, or 90 mg Zn/kg DM. Zinc supplementation did not affect final BW, ADG, or DMI (P ≥ 0.07), but G:F increased linearly (P = 0.02). Carcass traits were not affected by Zn supplementation (P ≥ 0.07). Effects of in vitro Zn titration (0, 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg/kg Zn) were evaluated using ground corn and soybean meal as substrate. In vitro fermentation was not affected by added Zn (P ≥ 0.05). These studies suggest Cr and Zn supplementation minimally affected carcass traits, but Zn supplementation up to 60 mg/kg improved feed efficiency with minimal impact on ruminal fermentation. Supplementing increased Zn concentrations may alter fat and muscle deposition when fed with RH.
Ferret, Haidy. "Obtention de motifs desoxy-polypropionate application à la synthèse de composés biologiquement actifs." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066168.
Full textHarris, Hannah Charlotte. "An investigation into the properties of non-digestible carbohydrates that selectively promote colonic propionate production." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7623/.
Full textMbanya, J. N. "Effects of ruminal administration of acetate, propionate and distension on forage intake by dairy cows." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383900.
Full textRinehart, Erica Marie. "The Effects of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Oxygen Levels on Listeria Monocytogenes Pathogenesis." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1588239009629426.
Full textBurgess, Philippa. "Identification and characterisation of genes involved in the propionate and cholestrol catabolic pathways in Rhodococcus equi." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669188.
Full textHu, Dingfei. "Environmental fate and chemistry of a veterinary antibiotic-tylosin and monoterpenoid pesticides-thymol and phenethyl propionate." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
Find full textBecker, Ulrike. "Smart Surfaces in Biobased Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30714.
Full textPh. D.
Malapit, Monica, and Evan Mallory. "In vitro aerodynamic analysis of co-spray dried fluticasone propionate (FP) and salmeterol xinafoate (SX) dry powder inhalation aerosols with lactose-alternative excipient." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624206.
Full textObjectives: Milk protein allergy is estimated to affect 1.2% to as much as 17% of people of all ages. Advair® Diskus® (FP/SX) utilizes lactose as an excipient which limits the utility of this product for this population. Furthermore, Advair® Diskus® is formulated as an interactive physical mixture via a micronization process. Alternatively, spray dried engineering achieves narrow particle size distribution, allowing greater deposition in the targeted respiratory bronchioles. The purpose of this dry powder inhaler (DPI) study was to conduct an in vitro comparative analysis of the aerodynamic performance of a co-spray dried lactose-free formulation of FP/SX with a mannitol excipient as a molecular mixture versus the Advair® Diskus® 250/50 (FP/SX) interactive physical mixture product. Methods: Utilizing mannitol as an excipient, a co-spray dried FP/SX powder was prepared using the Buchi Mini-Spray Dryer B-290 under closed system configuration. The resulting feed solution was spray dried at pump rates of 25%, 50%, and 100% with all other parameters remaining constant (aspiration, atomization rate, nitrogen gas rate). The primary outcome measure, aerodynamic performance, was assessed using the Copley Next-Generation Impactor (NGI). NGI data for the DPIs was used to calculate mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), geometric standard deviation (GSD), and fine particle fraction (FPF) of each powder, including the Advair® Diskus®. Residual water content was quantified by Karl Fischer titration. Particle characteristics were visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Results: FPF, MMAD, and GSD were calculated from NGI data; Wolfram Alpha software was used to calculate MMAD and GSD. T-test regression was used for comparative analysis of spray-dried and Advair® Diskus® powders. MMAD for each spray dried sample was analyzed using a t-test regression against the MMAD values from the Advair® Diskus®. Using aerodynamic analysis studies triplicated for each powder, there was no significant difference between the spray dried powder and Advair® Diskus® for MMAD and GSD (p-values >0.05). The 50% and 100% pump rate samples had similar FPF to the Advair® Diskus® (p-values >0.05). However, the 25% pump rate sample had a significantly improved FPF compared to the Advair® Diskus® (p <0.01). Conclusions: A co-spray-dried lactose-free formulation of FP/SX with a mannitol excipient demonstrated similar aerodynamic performance to the Advair® Diskus® which consists of a physical mixture of two drugs with lactose. Of significance, 25% pump rate spray-dry conditions demonstrated an improved FPF compared to the Advair® Diskus®.
Simmons, H. A. "The measurement of propionate production in the caecum and colon of the pony and its conversion to glucose." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372704.
Full textSangoi, Maximiliano da Silva. "DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE FLUTICASONA POR CROMATOGRAFIA LÍQUIDA E ELETROFORESE CAPILAR." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5886.
Full textFluticasone propionate (FP) is a synthetic glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory activity that has been effectively used for the treatment of seasonal and allergic perennial rhinitis, minimizing systemic activity. In the present study, the methods were developed and validaded for assessment of FP in pharmaceutical products. The analysis by reversed-phase liquid chromatography were performed using Shim-pack CLC-ODS column (150 x 4.6 mm), maintained at 35 °C. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile/ methanol/ 0.01M phosphate buffer pH 4 (35:35:30), run at flow rate of 1 mL/min and using photodiode array detection at 240 nm. The chromatographic separation was obtained within 8 minutes and it was linear in the concentration range of 0.05-150 μg/mL (r2 = 0,9999). The method was successfully applied for the determination of FP in creams and nasal sprays pharmaceutical formulations. The micellar electrokinetic chromatography was also developed and validaded. The analyses were performed on a fused-silica capillary (50 μm i.d.; effective length, 40 cm) and background electrolyte consisted of 25 mM borate and 25mM SDS solution at pH 9. The capillary temperature was maintained at 35 °C and the applied voltage was 20 kV. The injection was performed using the hydrodynamic mode at 50 mbar for 6 s, with detection at 238 nm. The electrophoretic separation was obtained with migration time of 5.6 and 5.1 minutes for the FP and prednisolone acetate (internal standard), respectively, and with run time of 7 minutes. The method was linear in the concentration range of 2-80 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9956). The procedures were validated evaluating parameters such as the specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation, whose results have met the requirements recommended. The proposed methods were used for the analysis of pharmaceutical products, demonstrating nonsignificative difference of the results (P > 0.05). Then, the procedures contribute to improve the quality control, assuring the safety and therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations.
O propionato de fluticasona (PF) é um glicocorticóide sintético com potente atividade antiinflamatória utilizado efetivamente no tratamento de rinites alérgicas sazonais e perenes, minimizando a atividade sistêmica. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos e validados métodos para avaliação de PF em produtos farmacêuticos. As análises por cromatografia líquida em fase reversa foram realizadas utilizando coluna Shim-pack CLC-ODS (150 x 4,6 mm), mantida à 35ºC. A fase móvel foi composta de acetonitrila/ metanol/ tampão fosfato 0,01M pH 4 (35:35:30), eluída na vazão de 1 mL/min e detecção no ultravioleta a 240 nm. A separação cromatográfica foi obtida no tempo de 8 minutos, sendo linear na faixa de concentração de 0,05-150 μg/mL (r2 = 0,9999). O método foi aplicado para análise de PF em cremes e sprays nasais. Paralelamente, desenvolveu-se e validou-se método por cromatografia eletrocinética micelar. Executaram-se as análises utilizando capilar de sílica (comprimento efetivo de 40 cm e diâmetro de 50 μm) e solução eletrolítica composta de borato 25 mM e SDS 25 mM, pH 9. O capilar foi mantido a temperatura de 35ºC, e aplicada voltagem de 20 kV. O tempo de injeção foi de 6 s com pressão de 50 mbar e detecção no UV a 238 nm. Realizou-se a separação eletroforética com tempo de migração de 5,6 e 5,1 minutos para o PF e acetato de prednisolona (padrão interno), respectivamente, com tempo de corrida de 7 minutos. O método foi linear na faixa de 2-80 μg/mL (r2 = 0,9956). Os procedimentos foram validados, avaliando-se os parâmetros de especificidade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez, limite de detecção e quantificação, cujos resultados cumpriram os requisitos preconizados. Os métodos propostos foram utilizados para análise de produtos farmacêuticos, demonstrando que não há diferenças significativas dos resultados (P > 0,05). Assim, os procedimentos pesquisados contribuem para aprimorar o controle da qualidade, garantindo a segurança e eficácia terapêutica das formulações farmacêuticas.
Dantas, Patrícia Allue. "Géis superabsorventes de propionato acetato de celulose e acetato de celulose: síntese, caracterização e liberação controlada de pesticida." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1166.
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Hydrogels derived from cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate (CA) were synthesized with the cross-linking agents PMDA (Pyromellitic Dianhydride) and BTDA (Dianhydride 3, 3 ', 4, 4' Benzophenone Tetracarboxylated) with 3:1 stoichiometry in relation to the mass of the crosslinker agent x mass of available hydroxyls in the polymer chain. The gels were obtained in the form of films and particles, the raw materials were characterized with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy in Region of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and in relation to the degree of substitution (GS). The gels synthesized were characterized using FTIR techniques in order to show the esterification, TGA and DSC to perform comparative analysis and study of thermal properties between the CAP and CA reagents and gels, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for observation of the gels synthesized and the geometry of the particles obtained, the porosity of observation and observation of surface changes, was performed to determine the crosslinking density of the second theory of Flory Rehner, study the density of the gels, and degree of swelling of the study best solvent for swelling of the gels. Gels derived from CAP were tested in the adsorption studies and controlled release of the herbicide paraquat. For the phenomenon of controlled release, we studied the phenomena of transport and release curves. The release profiles were studied by using the mathematical model published by Korsmeyer-Peppas and the mainly results has showed that model was appropriated for process data analysis of controlled release in long periods.
Hidrogéis derivados de Propionato Acetato de Celulose (CAP) e Acetato de Celulose (CA) foram sintetizados com os agentes reticuladores PMDA (Dianidrido Piromelítico) e BTDA (Dianidrido 3, 3´, 4, 4´ Benzofenona Tetracarboxílico), com estequiometrias 3:1 em relação à massa do agente reticulador x massa de hidroxilas disponíveis na cadeia polimérica, com obtenção de géis em formato de filmes e particulados; as matérias-primas foram caracterizadas com Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e em relação ao Grau de Substituição (GS). Os géis sintetizados foram caracterizados utilizando as técnicas de FTIR, para evidenciação da esterificação; TGA e DSC para realização de análise comparativa e estudo das propriedades térmicas entre os reagentes CAP e CA e os géis obtidos; e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), utilizada para observação dos géis sintetizados em relação à geometria das partículas obtidas, observação da porosidade e observação de alterações superficiais; foi realizada a determinação da densidade de ligações cruzadas segundo a Teoria de Flory Rehner; estudo da densidade dos géis, que variaram de 0,4 a 1,51 g/cm3; grau de inchamento que obteve variações entre os diferentes géis de 6,53 à 11,8; e o estudo do melhor solvente para intumescimento dos géis. Nos géis derivados de CAP, foram realizados ensaios de adsorção e liberação controlada do herbicida Paraquat. Para o fenômeno de liberação controlada, foram estudados os fenômenos de transporte e as curvas de liberação; os perfis de liberação foram estudados pelo modelo matemático de Korsmeyer-Peppas; e apresentaram como o gel com maior porcentagem de adsorção e melhor potencial para liberação controlada por longos períodos o gel CAP 3B1.
Trakas, Kostas. "A cost-effectiveness assessment of fluticasone propionate, budesonide, and beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of moderate to severe asthma." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29333.pdf.
Full textToong, Samuel Y. "Modulation of Ã-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) receptors by a novel organic nitrate ester." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0003/MQ45556.pdf.
Full textFauzee, Ayeshah Fateemah Beebee. "Establishing a formulation design space for a generic clobetasol 17- propionate cream using the principles of quality by design." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5868.
Full textAndrade, Diego Fontana de. "Nanocápsulas de núcleo lipídico : estudos de penetração cutânea e proposição de estratégias para a avaliação da liberação in vitro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/94616.
Full textThe in vitro cutaneous permeation/penetration (porcine skin) of clobetasol propionate-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules incorporated into a semisolid dosage form was evaluated, using the Franz diffusion cells technique. It was shown that the nanoencapsulation was able to reduce the drug amount penetration into skin layers (stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis) without changing the way (percentual distribution) that it was distributed. The suitability of different synthetic membranes (cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, and dialysis membrane) to assess the in vitro drug release using Franz diffusion cells from this formulation was also studied. It was ascertained by combining different analytical techniques (dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmition electron microscopy) that the membrane with smaller pore size (dialysis membrane, 12 kDa cut off) is the most appropriate for conducting this kind of study, because it is the only one able of preventing the passage of intact nanocapsules from formulation to Franz diffusion cells receptor media, instead of polycarbonate and cellulose acetate membranes (0.05 and 0.45 pore size, respectively). In addition, a new strategy to assess in vitro drug release drug-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules was proposed, associating continuous flow of release media and dialysis sac. The proposed system was adequate to assess the in vitro drug release profiles from nanocapsule suspensions containing different model drugs (prednisolone and clobetasol propionate), enabling the differentiation of these systems from drug solutions, graphically and by the calculated flux values. Furthermore, this strategy was suitable to maintain the drug concentration into release media far away from saturation, contributing to the sink condition. Also, the proposed system was described as a semi-automated prototype for in vitro drug release evaluation, able to produce results with greater accuracy than conventional dialysis technique.
Alsugoor, Mahdi. "Regulation of induced nitric oxide synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells by glucocorticoids." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19617.
Full textGraybill, Eric R. "EXAMINATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL CIT3 IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AS THE GENE FOR METHYLCITRATE SYNTHASE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1157995234.
Full textSilva, Luis Antônio Dantas. "Penetração cutânea passiva e iontoforética de propionato de clobetasol incorporado em carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/3009.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Clobetasol propionate is one of the most potent topical corticosteroids usually available and has been established the use in treatment of various skin pathology. However its systemic absorption may cause serious side effects. The use of lipids nanocarriers and application of iontophoretic current shown potential to further controlled release of clobetasol propionate and increase their retention in the stratum corneum, thus making its management more effective and safe. In this study an analytical method was developed and validated for quantification of clobetasol propionate in nanocarriers and pig skin, used as model membranes in vitro permeation studies. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were obtained by dilution of microemulsion and chitosan-coated NLC (NLC-Ch) by the dripping of NLC in chitosan solution. The developed nanocarriers were characterized to mean diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading, recovery and encapsulation efficiency. The in vitro release and permeation profile of clobetasol free and nanoencapsulated was evaluated using Franz cells. The nanocariers obtained of 125 nm and uniform size distribution, whit PdI 0,25. The increase in size of NLC-Ch and the inverting the value of zeta potential, suggest that there was a coating of the CLN by chitosan, though interaction of charges. The NLC and NLC-Ch showed recovery values greater than 80% and encapsulation efficiency than 90%. The release profile of clobetasol from the developed formulations showed a controlled release with 35% in 24 hours of study. The nanoenapsulation of clobetasol in the NLC-Ch and NLC resulted in retention increased in the stratum corneum of 9.2 an 7.8 fold, respectively, compared to free drug. The retention of the clobetasol in the stratum corneum was 4 and 2 times higher when electric current was applied to the formulation CLNQ, compared to the free drug and encapsulated in NLC, respectively. The accumulation of the drug in the stratum corneum, promoted by lipid carriers, shows that these systems are effective for potential topical delivery to minimize the permeation of the drug into the bloodstream and reduces the side effects.
O propionato de clobetasol é um dos mais potentes corticosteroides tópicos disponíveis atualmente e tem uso consagrado no tratamento de diferentes patologias cutâneas. Contudo, a sua absorção sistêmica pode causar graves efeitos adversos. O uso de nanocarreadores lipídicos e a aplicação de corrente iontoforética apresentam potencial para promover liberação controlada do propionato de clobetasol e aumentar a sua retenção no estrato córneo, tornando assim sua administração mais segura e efetiva. No presente trabalho, um método cromatográfico foi desenvolvido e validado para quantificação do propionato de clobetasol nos nanocarreadores e na pele de porco, utilizada como modelo de membrana nos estudos de permeação in vitro. Carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (CLN) foram obtidos pelo método da diluição de microemulsão e CLN revestidos com quitosana (CLN-Q) foram obtidos pelo gotejamento dos CLN em solução de quitosana. Os nanocarreadores desenvolvidos foram caracterizados quanto ao diâmetro médio, índice de polidispersividade, potencial zeta, carga de fármaco, recuperação e eficiência de encapsulação. O perfil de liberação e de permeação in vitro do clobetasol livre e nanoencapsulado foi avaliado utilizando células de Franz. Os CLN obtidos apresentaram tamanho de 125 nm e distribuição de tamanho uniforme, com PdI de 0,25. O aumento no tamanho médio dos CLN-Q, para 257 nm, e a inversão no valor de potencial zeta sugerem que houve revestimento dos CLN pela quitosana, por meio de interação de cargas. Os CLN e CLN-Q apresentaram valores de recuperação maiores que 80% e de eficiência de encapsulação superiores a 90%. O perfil de liberação do clobetasol a partir das formulações desenvolvidas mostrou uma liberação controlada, com cerca de 35% em 24 horas de estudo. A nanoencapsulação do clobetasol nos CLN-Q e CLN resultou em retenção aumentada do fármaco no estrato córneo de 9,2 e 7,8 vezes, respectivamente, comparado ao fármaco livre. A retenção do clobetasol no estrato córneo foi de 4 e 2 vezes maior quando corrente elétrica foi aplicada na formulação CLNQ, comparado ao fármaco livre e encapsulado nos CLN, respectivamente. O acúmulo do fármaco no estrato córneo, promovido pelos carreadores lipídicos, mostrou que esses sistemas são efetivos para entrega tópica deste fármaco com potencial para minimizar sua absorção percutânea, e dessa forma, diminuir os seus efeitos adversos.
Majdoub, Linda. "Orientation propionique du profil fermentaire ruminal : conséquences sur le métabolisme splanchnique des nutriments énergétiques et sur la fourniture et l'utilisation du glucose par le muscle chez l'agneau recevant du fourrage vert." Rennes, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARB142.
Full textSilva, Fernando Roberto Ferreira. "Efeitos dos esteroides anab?licos androg?nicos sobre fun??es cognitivas de ratos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17238.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The use and the demand for substances that enhance masculinity, strength and sexual power are not novel. Over the years, this search has assisted the research directions in this area, leading to the discovery of the primary male sex hormone testosterone in 1935. Since then, numerous testosterone analogue compounds were synthesized, which are generically called Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS). The AAS were produced for therapeutic purposes, but an increase in the use of these compounds for other purposes occurred over time. Initially they were used mainly to improve performance in athletes. However, recent studies have shown that the use of AAS by non-athletes with aesthetical purposes have been increasing as well. The abuse of AAS with non-clinical purposes can promote a number of physiological alterations, such as heart, liver, respiratory and psychological problems such as changes in mood, levels of anxiety and aggression. Exposure to supraphysiological doses of AAS is associated with behavioral changes, however, little is known about the effects of AAS on cognitive functions. In this work, we aimed to mimic the AAS abuse in humans with intramuscular administration of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone propionate (TP) in rats. We investigated the effects of this treatment on different aspects of cognitive function, specifically learning, memory and anxiety. Adult male Wistar rats were tested in the spontaneous alternation, novel object recognition and plus-maze discriminative avoidance tasks. The control group received intramuscular injections of vegetable oil (vehicle), and the TP group received injections of TP (10 mg/kg, i.m.). The injections were administered for 40 days, with intervals of 48 hours (chronic treatment) or in a single injection (acute treatment). In addition to the behavioral assessments, we performed biochemical analyzes as indicators of the endocrine effects of the treatment. Our results show that chronic treatment with a supraphysiological dose of TP caused memory impairments in the novel object recognition and the discriminative avoidance tasks. The spatial working memory (evaluated by spontaneous alternation task) was not affected. Also, we did not observe changes in anxiety levels. Regarding the biochemical parameters, chronic treatment increased serum levels of glutamicpyruvic transaminase, an indicator of hepatic and pancreatic lesions (as those observed after chronic use of these substances in humans). On the other hand, acute treatment with PT did not promote significant changes in any of these parameters when compared to the control group. In summary, we conclude that chronic treatment with a supraphysiological dose of testosterone propionate produces memory deficits in novel object recognition and retrieval of the discriminative avoidance task in adult male rats
A utiliza??o e a busca por subst?ncias que aumentem a masculinidade, a for?a e a pot?ncia sexual n?o ? recente. Com o tempo, essa busca auxiliou no direcionamento de pesquisas na ?rea, levando a descoberta do principal horm?nio masculino a testosterona em meados da d?cada de 30. A partir desse momento, in?meros compostos foram sintetizados com o intuito de mimetizar os efeitos deste horm?nio, aos quais hoje chamamos genericamente de Esteroides Anab?licos Androg?nicos (EAA). A princ?pio, esses EAA foram sendo produzidos com prop?sitos terap?uticos. No entanto, iniciou-se o uso crescente desses compostos com outras finalidades, principalmente para a melhoria de desempenho em atletas. Al?m disso, estudos recentes t?m demonstrado que os EAA est?o sendo cada vez mais utilizados por n?o atletas, por indiv?duos que n?o s?o atletas, mas, buscam um corpo esteticamente perfeito. Paralelamente, o crescente abuso dos EAA com finalidades n?o cl?nicas pode promover uma s?rie de altera??es fisiol?gicas nocivas, tais como problemas card?acos, hep?ticos, respirat?rios e tamb?m psicol?gicos como altera??es de humor, nos n?veis de ansiedade e na agressividade. A exposi??o a doses suprafisiol?gicas de EAA est? associada com altera??es comportamentais, contudo, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos dos EAAs sobre as fun??es cognitivas. Neste trabalho, mimetizamos o abuso de EAA em humanos atrav?s da administra??o intramuscular de uma dose suprafisiol?gica de propionato de testosterona (PT), em ratos, com o objetivo de investigar os efeitos desse tratamento sobre diferentes aspectos das fun??es cognitivas, especialmente aprendizado, mem?ria e ansiedade. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram submetidos aos testes de alterna??o espont?nea, reconhecimento de objetos e esquiva discriminativa em labirinto em cruz elevado. O grupo controle recebeu inje??es intramusculares de ?leo vegetal (ve?culo); e o grupo testosterona recebeu inje??es de PT (10 mg/kg, i.m.). As inje??es foram administradas por 40 dias, com intervalos de 48 horas (tratamento cr?nico) ou em uma ?nica inje??o (tratamento agudo). Al?m das avalia??es comportamentais, foram realizadas an?lises bioqu?micas como indicadores dos efeitos end?crinos do tratamento. Nossos resultados mostram que o tratamento cr?nico com uma dose suprafisiol?gica de PT acarretou preju?zos na mem?ria de reconhecimento de objetos novos e na evoca??o da tarefa da esquiva discriminativa. A mem?ria espacial operacional (avaliada pelo teste de alterna??o espont?nea) n?o foi afetada bem como n?o observamos altera??es nos n?veis de ansiedade. Em rela??o aos par?metros bioqu?micos avaliados, o tratamento cr?nico elevou os n?veis s?ricos da transaminase glut?mica pir?vica (TGP), um indicador da presen?a de les?es hep?ticas e pancre?ticas (assim como as observadas ap?s o uso cr?nico dessas subst?ncias em humanos). Por outro lado, o tratamento agudo com PT n?o promoveu altera??o significativa em nenhum dos par?metros avaliados, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Em s?ntese, podemos concluir que o tratamento cr?nico com uma dose suprafisiol?gica de testosterona produz d?ficits de mem?ria de reconhecimento de objetos bem como preju?zos na mem?ria na tarefa da esquiva discriminativa em ratos machos adultos
Au, Wai Ling. "Investigations of the bioavailability/bioequivalence of topical corticosteroid formulations containing clobetasol propionate using the human skin blanching assay, tape stripping and microdialysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003221.
Full textLee, Todd Allen. "Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of triamicinolone acetonide (azmacort HFA) and fluticasone propionate (flovent) in adult asthmatics in randomized controlled equivalence trial /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7956.
Full textCarter, Michael Steven. "An Investigation into Carbon Flow through the Metabolic Networks ofRhodobacter sphaeroides." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403873922.
Full textBerthelot, Valérie. "Contribution du propionate a la synthese des acides gras impairs et ramifies du tissu adipeux chez l'agneau : facteurs de variation alimentaires et metaboliques." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INAP0022.
Full textRoule-Woiry, Karine. "Biocatalyse solide-gaz : application à la synthèse d'esters à label naturel." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS102.
Full textAs a biotechnological process, gas/solid biocatalysis is a valuable way to produce natural aromas at a lower cost than natural extracts. Technological and economical feasibility studies related to the production of natural esters at an industrial scale have been carried out. Lipase B from Candida antarctica has been used to catalyse alkyl propionate synthesis in gas/solid fixed bed reactors, both at laboratory and industrial scales. In both cases, ethyl propionate synthesis has been chosen as a model reaction. At the laboratory scale, the gas/solid reactor has been shown to obeys a piston like model. At the thermodynamic equilibrium, more than 70% of the reactor catalytic activity is due to the 2/5th of the catalyst, located at the reactor entry. In fact, the loss of catalytic activity is faster at the reactor entry. Pression (0. 25 to 0. 75 atm) or vector gas (air or nitrogen) do not seem to affect the catalyst stability whereas some substrates do. For the synthesis of seven esters, thermodynamic results and best productivity conditions were determined at the laboratory scale and used to fix production parameters at the pilot scale. A preindustrial plant has been set up and tested through the production of five alkyl propionates. In most cases, a minimal productivity of 2 kg/h was reached. Reprocessing of a failed batch and recycling of an aqueous phase containing non transformed substrates were also shown to be possible. The conversion rate is still lower at that scale than at the laboratory one due to effects of the scale-up. In particular, the packing down of the catalyst bed and its overheating, which is a consequence of the exothermic character of the reaction, are up to now the main limits to the process performances
Aquino-Ramos, Jorge Luis 1961. "Influence on milk protein percentage of isocaloric infusions of glucose in the rumen, or propionate and acetate in the duodenum of cows fed dry rolled sorghum." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282163.
Full textRigout, Sophie. "Effet de la disponibilité du glucose sur le métabolisme mammaire et conséquences sur la production du lait chez la vache laitière." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NSARB136.
Full textSouza, Marília Trindade de Santana. "Síntese do propionato de carvacrol e estudo de suas propriedades anti-hiperalgésica e anti-inflamatória em protocolos." Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3931.
Full textOs terpenos sao compostos naturais obtidos do metabolismo secundario das plantas. Apesar de apresentar efeitos farmacologicos, modificacoes estruturais realizadas no seu esqueleto podem levar o aumentando de suas atividades farmacologicas e atenuar os efeitos toxicologicos. Neste contexto, insere-se o carvacrol, um monoterpeno fenolico, presente em oleos essenciais de plantas pertencentes a familia Labiatae. Estudos comprovam a atividade farmacologica deste monoterpeno. No entanto, modificacoes estruturais podem diminuir a dose efetiva deste composto. Desta forma, no presente estudo realizamos uma extensa revisao sistematica que avaliou a atividade anti-inflamatoria de terpenos que sofreram modificacoes em sua estrutura, atraves de sintese. Adicionalmente, sintetizar o propionato de carvacrol (CP), a partir do carvacrol, e avaliar seus possiveis efeitos antinocicepivo, anti-hiperalgesico e anti-inflamatorio. Para construir a revisao, foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados Scopus, PubMed e Embase, utilizando os descritores agentes anti-inflamatorios, terpenos e relacao estrutura atividade. Ja para a parte experimental, foram utilizados camundongos Swiss machos (25-35 g) com 2 a 3 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em grupos e foram tratados com CP (25, 50 e 100 mg/kg), veiculo (solucao salina 0,9% + Tween 80 0,2%) ou droga padrao, por via intraperitoneal (i.p.). O efeito antinociceptivo foi avaliado utilizando o protocolo de formalina (1%) e o teste da placa quente. A hiperalgesia mecanica foi avaliada apos a administracao dos agentes algicos carragenina (CG; 300 Êg/pata), fator de necrose tumoral- ¿ (TNF- ¿; 100 pg/pata), prostaglandina E2 (PGE2; 100 .g/pata) ou dopamina (DA; 30 Êg/pata) utilizando o analgesimetro digital Von Frey. Na avaliacao do efeito antiinflamatorio utilizou-se o teste de pleurisia e edema de pata induzido por CG (1%) em pletismometro digital. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada atraves do metodo colorimetrico MTT. Os protocolos experimentais foram aprovados pelo comite de etica da UFS (CEPA/UFS: 35/12). Os resultados foram expressos como media } erro padrao da media e as diferencas entre os grupos foram analisadas por meio do teste de variancia ANOVA, uma via ou duas vias, seguido pelo teste de Tukey ou Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. Na revisao sistematica foram encontrados 27 artigos sobre modificacao estrutural de terpenos e atividade anti-inflamatoria. Na parte experimental, a administracao do CP produziu uma reducao significativa (p < 0,01 ou 0,001) no teste da nocicepcao induzida por formalina, em ambas as fases do teste. No teste da placa quente, o tempo de reacao aumentou significativamente nas doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). O CP tambem foi capaz de inibir o desenvolvimento da hiperalgesia mecanica induzida por todos os agentes testados (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). Na avaliacao da atividade anti-inflamatoria, o tratamento com CP causou uma diminuicao significativa (p < 0,001) no numero total de leucocitos, diminuindo os niveis de TNF- ¿ (p < 0,001), IL-1 À (p < 0,05) e extravasamento de proteinas (p < 0,01). Alem disso, o edema de pata induzido por CG tambem foi inibido pelo CP (p < 0,05; 0,01 ou 0,001). Desta forma, conclui-se que o CP possui atividade antinociceptiva, anti-hiperalgesica e anti-inflamatoria, provavelmente por inibicao de citocinas. Dessa maneira, a modificacao estrutural em terpeno pode ser uma alternativa interessante para obtencao de moleculas com propriedades farmacologicas.
Leidel, Ines. "Stabilisierung des Stoffwechsels bei Milchkühen im peripartalen Zeitraum." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-210059.
Full textProblem: In dairy cattle diseases are common in early lactation. They are among the main causes of early culling and the current unsatisfactory productive life. Objective: The aim of this work was to stabilize metabolism of dairy cows in the critical transition period from standing dry to lactation by three different prophylactic applications: using humic acids to minimize strain from the gut including endotoxins, using ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol to improve energy supply and dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate to promote metabolic function of the liver and at the same time to inhibit inflammatory processes following parturition. Experimental design: The studies were performed in a Saxon dairy farm on 312 cows of the „Holstein Friesian\" breed, randomly performed within one year. 78 cows were administered orally 300 ml ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol (C3) daily from 14 days before parturition (a.p.) to 14 days after parturition (p.p.), another 78 cows 100 g of a humic acid drug (HS-FP) or 50 g of humic acid raw material (HS-RS) were administered orally in the same period and dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate (DEXA21) was applied intramuscularly to another 78 cows on the first day p.p. in a dose of 0.02 mg/kg body weight. 78 untreated cows were used as control group. The impact of these administrations on health, performance and metabolism has been measured by clinical examinations and blood tests on 14. day a.p., on 3. and 28. day p.p. (Leukocytes, free fatty acids [ FFS ], bilirubin, beta-0H-butyrate [BHB] , glucose, cholesterol, creatine kinase [CK], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], glutamate dehydrogenase [GLDH], gamma glutaryl transferase [GGT], protein, albumin, Mg, Fe, Ca, inorganic phosphate [Pi] , Na, K) and was verified by detection of health status, milk yield and fertility. Results: The different prophylactic administrations had no significant effect on fertility and health parameters. The absolute and fat- corrected milk yields also showed no statistically reliable differences between experimental groups and control group. Milk protein content in C3 28 days p.p. and milk fat content in DEXA21 and C3 100 days p.p. were significantly increased. Blood control results showed mainly on 3. and 28. day p.p. important differences in metabolic parameters, such as glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, protein, albumin, Ca, Fe and CK, which are statistically secured. A single dose of dexamethasone-21- isonicotinate on first day p.p. had the best effect on liver and energy metabolism. Three days p.p. glucose, bilirubin, cholesterol, protein, Ca and Fe concentrations performed significantly better in DEXA21 group compared both to control group and all other treatment groups. For albumin and Na concentrations and CK activity that was true with respect to control and C3 group. The use of a humic acid drug, humic acid raw material and ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol had positive impact on performance and metabolism compared with control group too, but could be statistically secured in only a few cases. Conclusions: The application of dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate at the first day p.p. significantly stabilizes metabolism in cows after parturition. Similar effects on milk yield and fertility as well as morbidity could not be observed. For humic acid drug, humic acid raw material and ammonium propionate mixed with propylene glycol such effects tended to be recognizable, but cannot be statistically secured. Metabolism can be stabilized in short term stress situations with dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate, general care and feeding must be analyzed and deficiencies have to be eliminated
Assunção, José Miguel Pestana. "Influence of slaughter season, muscle type and gluconeogenesis precursors on intramuscular fat quality of ruminant meats." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4657.
Full textThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of slaughter season and muscle type on nutritional quality of intramuscular fat (IMF) in Mirandesa-PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) veal, Charneca-PDO beef and organic beef, assessing to the quality and status that may contribute to market differentiation. The results suggest that the IMF content of PDO veal, PDO beef and organic beef was slightly affected by the slaughter season but markedly changed by the muscle type. The meat analysed had a high nutritional value, with favourable ratios of n-6/n-3 and contents of n-3 PUFA and α-tocopherol. Some studies indicate that increasing the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression and activity may significantly improve the nutritional quality of meat by decreasing the SFA content, while increasing rumenic acid content. This can be achieved by the administration of gluconeogenesis precursors, such as propylene glycol, which induces elevated propionate in the rumen and higher levels of blood insulin and glucose, resulting in the SCD activity elevation. Thus, the influence of dietary gluconeogenesis precursors (propylene glycol and calcium propionate mix; PP) and linseed oil on intramuscular fatty acid composition of lambs was assessed. Results suggest that gluconeogenesis precursors modify the biohydrogenation pathway and reduce the rumenic acid concentration. Linseed oil supplementation increased meat concentration of α-linolenic acid, as well as most of the C18 biohydrogenation intermediates, including vaccenic acid and rumenic acids. In conclusion, regarding the lipid composition of IMF, the studied PDO and organic meats have a high nutritional value, contributing to the consumer`s confidence on these products. The fatty acid profile of lamb’s IMF was slightly affected by PP, without clear effects on insulinaemia and delta-9 desaturation, demanding future research on this subject.
RESUMO - Influência da sazonalidade, do tipo de músculo e de precursores da neoglucogénese na qualidade da gordura intramuscular de carne de ruminantes - Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da sazonalidade do abate e do tipo de músculo na qualidade da gordura intramuscular das carnes Mirandesa-DOP (Denominação de Origem Protegida) e Charneca-DOP, e da carne biológica, de modo a avaliar a qualidade e reputação alegada como fator diferenciador no mercado. Os resultados sugerem que a composição de ácidos gordos da gordura intramuscular das carnes analisadas foi influenciada ligeiramente pela sazonalidade do abate mas fortemente pelo tipo de músculo. Apesar desta variação, todas as carnes analisadas têm um elevado valor nutricional apresentando um índice favorável n-6/n-3 e teores elevados de n-3 PUFA e α-tocoferol. Alguns estudos indicam que o aumento da atividade da Δ-9 dessaturase pode melhorar a qualidade nutricional da carne, através da diminuição dos ácidos gordos saturados e do aumento do teor de ácido ruménico. Isto pode ser possível pela administração de precursores neoglucogénicos, tais como o propilenoglicol que induz o aumento do propionato no rúmen e aumenta os níveis sanguíneos de insulina e glucose, resultando no aumento da atividade da Δ-9 dessaturase. Assim foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação da dieta com propilenoglicol e propionato de cálcio, bem como óleo de linho, na composição lipídica da gordura intramuscular da carne de borrego. Os resultados sugerem que os precursores neoglucogénicos alteram a biohidrogenação ruminal e diminui o teor de ácido ruménico. A suplementação com óleo de linho aumenta o teor de ácido α-linolénico da carne, bem como a maioria dos C18 intermediários da biohidrogenação, incluindo os ácidos vacénico e ruménico. Em conclusão, a composição lipídica da gordura intramuscular das carnes de bovino DOP estudadas e da carne biológica apresenta um elevado valor nutricional, contribuindo para confiança do consumidor sobre estes produtos O perfil dos ácidos gordos da gordura intramuscular da carne de borrego é ligeiramente influenciado pelos precursores, sem efeitos claros na insulinemia e na Δ-9 dessaturase, exigindo-se estudos futuros sobre este assunto.
FCT - SFRH/PROTEC/2009/50138 and Co-financed by the grant PTDV/CVT/2006/66114