Relevant bibliographies by topics / Property development practice

Academic literature on the topic 'Property development practice'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Property development practice"

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Zhang, Xiaoling, Andrew Platten, and Liyin Shen. "Green property development practice in China: Costs and barriers." Building and Environment 46, no. 11 (November 2011): 2153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.031.

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Dawson, Mia Karisa. "The Kings ain't playin’ no one tonight: Desanctifying property as an abolitionist practice in Sacramento." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 40, no. 2 (February 25, 2022): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758221081144.

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This article considers the significance of disrespecting property as a long-standing practice of abolition. As an organizer, observer and participant, I consider a series of Black Lives Matter protests in Sacramento that transgress the dictates of property in the city. I apply Cedric Robinson’s under-examined theory of the terms of order to understand these transgressions as fundamental threats to assemblages of capitalism, whiteness and policing. As the ruptures caused by protests and riots reveal, property is neither static nor infallible as an arrangement of space. Rather, it is relational and contingent on state force and self-disciplined social behavior. I argue that transgressing the physical markers of property reflects a more revolutionary practice of destabilizing the ideologies of social order upon which property depends. Such interruptions desanctify property by refusing its legitimacy as an arbiter of social life and movement in space. Desanctifying property practices the forms of collectivity, autonomy, and deviant kinship that abolition demands. In situating my methods in this work, I offer a framework of abolition geography as a way of study that participates in social movement, focuses on everyday practices of revolution, and refutes hegemonic ideas of social life and scale.
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Ivanov, Dmitriy Aleksandrovich, Igor Alekseevich Antonov, Elena Nikolaevna Кleshchina, Lenar Vazyhovich Satdinov, and Elena Vladimirovna Blinova. "Seizure of property: development of legislation and improvement of law enforcement practice." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 70 (October 10, 2021): 902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.55.

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Questionable questions are studied on the annulment of the measure of procedural coercion applied in the form of seizure of property in the event of termination of a criminal proceeding (criminal prosecution) with voluntary compensation for damages caused by a crime. The authors propose to specify the cases in which it is possible to cancel the seizure of property, that is, in case of expiration of the period of detention imposed on the property established by the court, or refusal of extension, as well as in cases of termination of the criminal case (criminal proceedings) and the refusal of the plaintiff of the declared civil claim. Attention is also given to the issues of seizure of property to compensate for moral damage caused by a crime. Based on the results of the consideration of this issue, it is concluded that the use of a measure of procedural coercion in the form of a seizure of property is possible not only for the purpose of compensating for property damage but also to create legal guarantees. Guarantee compensation for moral damage caused by a crime, as specific additions to the current criminal procedure law in Russia are justified.
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BRYZHKO, Viktor G., and Ilya V. BRYZHKO. "State and directions of development of land cadastral practice." Espacios 41, no. 45 (November 26, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a20v41n45p08.

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Land serves as the basis for the development of any economic systems and objects. Land property management is important for all economic entities. Effective management of land and property complexes depends on the availability of reliable and objective information about the land. The purpose of land cadastral practice is the collection, systematization, presentation and use of such information. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the author’s proposals for improving the land cadastral practice in Russia. To achieve this goal, the authors solve the following tasks: assessing the Russian land cadastre practice, identifying the main shortcomings of land cadastral activities, substantiating proposals for the development of land cadastral practice, determining the most urgent tasks of improving the land cadastral practice.
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Tucker, Matthew Paul, Mohd Rayme Anang Masuri, and Alison Cotgrave. "Critical strategic issues for the integration of facilities management into the development process." Property Management 35, no. 4 (August 21, 2017): 380–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-05-2016-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical strategic issues for the integration of facilities management (FM) into the development process (DP). It explains the factors that limit the integration and recognises the best practices applied in the property development industry in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a qualitative research approach through semi-structured interviews from the FM and property development industry in the UK. Findings The study discovered that the recognition of FM in the property development industry is encouraging. However, FM has been given a low priority in the property development industry, resulting in facilities managers being inadequately integrated into the DP. Originality/value The paper suggests that it is imperative to understand these strategic issues to promote best practice in the industry that improve the position of FM in the property development industry.
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R., M., and S. M. McFarlane. "Dangemanning Farm: a holistic development." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 1 (2003): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030039.

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DANGEMANNING Farm is a cereal, pulse and sheep property in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia with a 325 mm annual rainfall which falls mainly in winter. The farm was first settled in the early 1900s and has evolved, both in design and farm practice, in response to the effects of past practices on production and land degradation. It is now a farm in its early stages of a modern holistic development, with an emphasis on the integration of agricultural systems, Landcare and nature conservation. The long-term goal for the farm is to achieve sustainable farming in a non-degraded landscape.
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Nevzgodina, Elena, and Natalia Temnikova. "On the Prospects for the Development of the Institution of Joint Property of Spouses." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).109-112.

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Introduction. The review presents A. A. Dobrovinsky’s monograph “Problems of property relations in family law of the Russian Federation: theory, practice and law reform” (Moscow: Eksmo, 2020. 208 p.), devoted to theoretical and practical problems of the legal regime of marital property. The monograph illuminated a number of topical and problem issues of the theory and practice of family disputes concerning common property of spouses, such that circumvented proper attention in the science of family law and cause significant difficulties in the judicial practice: the issues of presumption of spousal consent for the transaction with the common property and the fixing of this agreement, especially in business assets, stocks and shares and also “beneficial ownership” of spouses. Conclusion. The monograph can be recommended not only for the purposes of further development of the science of family law, but also for family law and law enforcement. Written in a lively and clear language, with a remarkable logic of presentation, it is undoubtedly also recommended for use in the educational process, as an indicator of the current state of disputes over the division of marital property.
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Semyakin, M. N., A. V. Gubareva, and S. P. Stepkin. "Entropy of property in Western and Russian legal doctrine and practice." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(1).156-172.

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The subject of the study is a phenomenon of an “entropy” of property, its interpretation, socio-economic conditionality, genesis of its development in European and Russian doctrine, reflection of a construct of “separated” property in the legislation. “Entropy” of property is a situation when both entities are owners, but in different areas of relations: the first person is the owner in relation to third parties, and the second-in relation to the first The goal of this scientific research is to find out reasons of the existence of phenomenon of “entropy of property” in European and Russian legal doctrines, to identify common and specific features of this phenomenon. Methodology. The authors use the general scientific method, including dialectics, comparative analysis, formal logic, historical method. A number of specific methods pertaining to the legal science were used as well: the formal dogmatic method was applied for analysis of ownership within the institute of property rights; the logical legal method was applied to study general tendencies of development of the institute of property rights; the legal comparative method was used to study European and Russian legislation on ownership and other property rights. The main scientific results. The Western legal doctrine of “entropy of property” has quite a long history of development, unlike the Russian. Specific features of the Russian doctrine are result of its historical, political and cultural characteristics. The phenomenon of “entropy of property” has both positive and negative consequences, which requires pluralistic approach to its assessment. “Reunification” of ownership rights on the land plot and other objects located on it, is a result of socio-economic and legal factors and deserves positive assessment. Property rights as elements of titular possession are not based only on law, but may be created by contract as well. Conclusions. The European and Russian legal doctrines on the “entropy of property” have both common and specific features. The common features are: existence of “absolute” ownership, limited property rights, trends of reunification of “separated” property etc. The specific features are: absence of “trust” in the Russian legal system; excessive fragmentation of right of ownership as a large “bundle” of rights; absence of situations when one person may simultaneously hold statuses of owner and holder of a limited property right in the Russian legislation.
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Kulembayeva, A. S., A. Kh Xembayeva, M. M. Mukhamedova, and G. S. Mukina. "International practice of state support for the commercialization of innovative technologies." Bulletin of "Turan" University, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2022-1-2-178-185.

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The article considers the main mechanisms and features of the formation and functioning of the system of commercialization of intellectual property objects used in foreign countries. The article summarizes the issues of the emergence of intellectual property rights in some countries of Europe and Asia, and studies the ways of commercialization of innovative technologies in the United States. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that such a system of state support for innovations stimulates an increase in the demand of participants in the process of commercialization of IPOs in bringing developments to the point of profit. Today, innovation and intellectual property form the basis for creating an innovative economy. To support economic growth, not only in a limited number of countries, but also around the world, they adhere to policies that regulate innovation. The purpose of the study is that it is necessary to consider the international experience of state support for the commercialization of innovative technologies and adopt it for the development of mechanisms for promoting innovative technologies in the intellectual property market of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The scientific and practical significance of the article suggests the identification and correction of acute problems in the Kazakh infrastructure of state incentives for the development of innovative business. The methodological basis of the study was the tools of general economic theory, supplemented by other general scientific methods and methods of quantitative analysis of empirical data and modern methods of system analysis. The main result of this study is the identification of problems in the field of commercialization of intellectual property and innovative technologies in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the implementation of an effective system of state support for the development of innovative business.
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Warren-Myers, Georgia. "Sustainability evolution in the Australian property market." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 6 (September 5, 2016): 578–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-04-2016-0025.

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Purpose The relationship between sustainability and value in property has been a major area of investigation over the past decade. However, in spite of the extant literature and research, the connections made by valuers in practice of the value relationship are still unresolved. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, in the Australian context, valuers’ perception of the relationship between sustainability and value; and their experience and knowledge of sustainability in valuation practice. Design/methodology/approach The research investigates valuers’ perception and knowledge of sustainability and its inclusion in valuation practice in Australia. The approach uses a longitudinal survey of valuers from 2007 to 2015 tracking valuers’ knowledge, understanding, inclusion of sustainability reporting and the perceptions of the relationship between sustainability and market value. Findings This paper presents findings from a longitudinal survey that has been conducted in Australia since 2007, identifying changes between 2007, the height of the property market and sustainability engagement prior to the global financial crisis, and the subsequent years to 2015. The growth of sustainability in the property market is significant, however, valuers’ knowledge and reporting on sustainability is not demonstrating the same level of development. As a result, this is inhibiting valuers reporting on sustainability and has implications for practice and treatment of market values. Practical implications This research highlights the need to examine how to assist valuers to more rapidly develop knowledge and experience to reflect the implications of change in practice. Current approaches being developed in the UK and Europe, like the introduction of RenoValue professional development programs and guidance documents, to assist valuers to develop their knowledge needs to be implemented in the Australian environment as current approaches are inadequate, and steps need to be taken in order to assist their development of knowledge and experience as the market demonstrates growth and acceptance of sustainability. This research identifies the need to re-examine how professional development is undertaken and knowledge developed by those practicing in the profession in Australia. Originality/value This longitudinal survey is the only research that has spanned a substantial period of time attempting to ascertain valuers’ perception of the relationship between sustainability and value; and attempts to track the knowledge development of valuers in the context of sustainability. The findings identify how the market is developing and adhering to a product model development theory, however, also identifies more fundamental issues and implications for valuation praxis, in the development of knowledge and ability of valuers to adapt to change and reflect these valuations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Property development practice"

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Amidu, Abdul-Rasheed. "Expertise development in commercial property valuation practice." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.719996.

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Ever since the issue of inaccuracy and variance in commercial property valuation was first documented in the mid-80s by Brown (1985) and Hager and Lord (1985), many researchers have investigated the complex factors involved in effective problem solving in the valuation domain, focusing on the valuer and the valuation process. Several behavioural issues, including heuristics, have been noted to affect valuation outcomes. There is a growing literature on understanding the concept of expertise, especially using the field of cognitive psychology, and the present research explores valuer’s cognitions in a commercial valuation context. The study aimed to determine how the role of valuers’ cognitions and cognitive structures are crucial in furthering our understanding of effective valuation problem solving, as well as improving valuer training efforts. The research was undertaken from a ‘Critical Realist’ perspective, and used a knowledge elicitation method called ‘Cognitive Task Analysis’. Data were collected through a ‘Verbal Protocol Analysis’ (VPA) of a simulated commercial valuation exercise based on a real building, using semi-structured interviews. Six subjects (comprising two expert valuers, two intermediate valuers and two novice valuers) participated in the simulated valuation and in the follow-up interviews. Two further experts were interviewed to validate the findings.
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Olwan, Rami M. "Intellectual property and development : theory and practice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54839/1/Rami_Olwan_Thesis.pdf.

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Since the 1960s, many developing countries have introduced IP laws to help them in their social and economic development. Introducing these laws was considered as a civilised act and a precondition of developing countries‘ progress from being =under-developed‘ to becoming =developed‘. In 2004, Brazil and Argentina presented a comprehensive proposal on behalf of developing countries to establish the Development Agenda in the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). They put forward a view that IP laws in their current form are not helping those countries in their development, as is constantly being suggested by developed countries, and that there is a need to rethink the international IP system and the work of WIPO. The research undertaken examines the correlation between IP and social and economic development. It investigates how IP systems in developing countries could work to advance their development, especially in the context of the internet. The research considers the theory and practice of IP and development, and proposes a new IP framework which developing countries could employ to further their social and economic development.
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Askar, Karim. "Intellectual Property Management in R&D Collaborations Development of Intellectual Property Policies in Practice and Theory /." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606705001/$FILE/02606705001.pdf.

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Lorenz, David Philipp. "The application of sustainable development principles to the theory and practice of property valuation." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/182/.

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Ismail, Rahah. "Housing delivery practice : a comparative study of private sector housing finance and development in Britain and Malaysia." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244294.

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Lorenz, David Philipp [Verfasser]. "The application of sustainable development principles to the theory and practice of property valuation / Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Lehrstuhl Ökonomie und Ökologie des Wohnungsbaus. Von David Philipp Lorenz." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://d-nb.info/983455279/34.

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Feng, Tony S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Property-level performance attribution : demonstrating a practical tool for real estate investment management diagnostics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62050.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate , 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-142).
Real estate investment firms have the ever increasing need for understanding their firm's strengths and weaknesses, their performance relative to their peers and competitors, and for developing assessment tools for facilitating more informed investment and management decisions. One potentially very useful tool to further these objectives, a tool that is so far underutilized and underappreciated, is investment performance attribution analysis. Such performance attribution may be broadly characterized as the partitioning of the total investment return of a particular manager or portfolio in order to quantify and help to understand and assess the components and determinants of the overall investment performance. Traditional investment attribution analysis, adopted from the securities investment industry, has focused primarily on the portfolio level, where property selection and allocation factors are the two primary attributes of total return that can be parsed and benchmarked. In the case of real estate investments, property-level investment functions such as operational management and asset transaction execution, which are not captured by a traditional attribution analysis, also play a major role in the overall investment returns. During the past two decades a system to drill the investment performance attribution down to a deeper level, separating the asset "selection" component into further breakouts, including income return and components of the capital return (cash flow change and yield change), have been propounded by influential firms such as the Investment Property Databank (IPD) based in the UK. In a 2003 article David Geltner proposed a system for property-level performance attribution (PPA) based on the since-inception IRR of each individual property investment. This thesis furthered Geltner's work on PPA by an in depth exploration of the application of the IRR-Based Property-Level Performance Attribution analysis based on a large-scale, real-world-based case study of a complete set of actual core-asset round-trip transactions completed by several internally managed funds in the institutional investment industry. Furthermore, this thesis explored the use of PPA for organizational management diagnostics, and thereby demonstrated the potential of using the PPA analysis as an investigative tool for developing plausible hypotheses about a firm's investment management strengths and weaknesses.
by Tony Feng.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Enghel, Florencia. "Video letters, mediation and (proper) distance : A qualitative study of international development communication in practice." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34448.

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This study scrutinizes the trajectory of an international development communication intervention aimed at mediating, rendering public and mobilizing processes of reconnection among estranged citizens across the former Yugoslavia. The intervention, which took place between 2000 and 2005 in the wider context of post-conflict international development assistance and peacebuilding operations in the region, was known as the Videoletters project. Centered on a documentary TV series aimed at promoting the reestablishment of relationships among ordinary people affected by ethno-political divisions, Videoletters was adopted by European bilateral funders for large-scale implementation and categorized as a “tool for reconciliation”. Starting from an understanding of communication as a right to which citizens are entitled, as a responsibility of practitioners and institutions, and as a capability that is socially distributed in unequal ways and has an ambiguous potential, the study looks into the contextualized potential and limitations of international development communication intervention to attend to the citizens that it is supposed to benefit. By providing rich empirical details about a process of intervention, the study argues in concrete terms for the study of development communication not as a presumably positive tool, but as an institutionally driven practice that may or may not strengthen conditions of justice, with consequences that will differ depending on the specificity of sociopolitical situations in time and space. Depending on contextual and institutional conditions and on the forms of mediation privileged/disregarded throughout the process, the deployment of a specific development communication intervention may/may not foster proper distance, and thus strengthen/weaken conditions of justice for the citizens under consideration, who are subject to the governance structure of international development assistance. By linking the practice of international development communication to a framework of justice, the study brings the political and ethical dimensions of said practice to the fore and contributes to a critical agenda for theorization and research that takes accountability into consideration and puts citizens at the center.
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Miller, David B. "Decision support systems for land evaluation : theoretical and practical development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24865.

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The challenge of resolving land use allocation and policy questions depends to a large degree on the conversion of data into information, and the effective integration of information into the decision process. Land evaluation is one of the fundamental means of generating information for land planning. Information products have however, been inconsistently and ineffectively used in the decision process. This thesis develops a decision centered approach to land evaluation as a response to this concern. Included in this development is a description of important theoretical concepts, as well as a practical demonstration of the use of decision support systems as a design approach. Initially, a conceptual model is introduced illustrating the technical and use components of information generation, as well as the adaptive design cycle. Various terms and techniques involved in the technical aspects of land evaluation are reviewed. Decision making concepts including decision structure, environment, analysis, and criteria are outlined. Three existing methods of land evaluation are then compared from a use or decision making perspective. Having completed a review of current approaches, Decision Support Systems are introduced as a logical progression towards a decision centered approach. Decision Support System design is demonstrated using a portion of the Central Fraser Valley Regional District as a case study area combined with an interactive microcomputer land planning tool (LANDPLAN). The demonstration emphasizes the advantages of the flexible, interactive capabilities of Decision Support Systems in aiding the decision process. Iterative design is also promoted with several needs identified if a more complete system is to be developed. In particular, data on strategic long term supply and demand factors is required, as well as continuous rating functions for assessing land performance.
Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate
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Gomez, Wichtendahl Carla C. "Biodiversity Offsets in a Public Lands Context: A Romantic Concept or a Practical Tool to Balance Economic Development and Biodiversity Conservation Goals?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37090.

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Economic development through the exploitation of natural resources has led to biodiversity loss among other environmental issues around the world. The use of biodiversity offsets to balance economic development and biodiversity conservation goals has significantly increased during the last three decades. A recent report of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released in December of 2016 identified at least 56 countries with laws or policies requiring the use of these types of instruments worldwide. There are over 100 biodiversity offset programs operating in countries such as United States of America, France, New Zealand, Mexico, Australia and others, which are injecting over 3 USD billion per year into the world’s economy. Experiences of different jurisdictions indicate that biodiversity offsets can become a promising tool in addressing the biodiversity loss issue in their territories. Canada and some of its provinces such as Alberta and British Columbia, which have important oil and gas sectors, and are home to important wildlife species, have been part of the biodiversity offsets debate, and have been exploring their use. This research derives from the observation that although some of the international biodiversity offset experiences have been vastly studied, there is little experience analyzing the legal challenges of implementing biodiversity offset systems, including biodiversity banks (a type of biodiversity offset that creates biodiversity markets) on public lands. The very nature of public land, where multiple users may simultaneously access the land and conduct a variety of potentially incompatible activities, can create extra legal challenges with respect to the implementation of biodiversity offsets. Through an Alberta-focused case study, the thesis explores the characteristics that a planning and legal framework of a province with a majority of public lands would need to have in order to support the use of biodiversity offsets and a biodiversity banking system. It also identifies and analyzes the legal issues and challenges of implementing long lasting biodiversity offsets in that context. Under the system studied by this dissertation, the main users of Alberta’s public forests (forest operators and oil and gas developers) become the biodiversity bankers or suppliers, and buyers of biodiversity credits, respectively. This thesis is therefore a contribution to knowledge about how biodiversity offsets, specifically biodiversity banks, can be applied on provincial public lands, used by multiple users. It focuses on the legal frameworks, property right issues, permanence, and additionality needed for a potential biodiversity banking system for a province such as Alberta.
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Books on the topic "Property development practice"

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Institute, Pennsylvania Bar. Property wars: Land development and property rights litigation. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2012.

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Olwan, Rami M. Intellectual property and development: Theory and practice. Berlin: Springer, 2013.

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1948-, Sarna Lazar, ed. Commercializing research and development: A guide to legal and business practice. 2nd ed. Markham, Ont: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006.

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Sustainable collective housing: Policy and practice. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2013.

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Leyshon, Andrew. Large commercial property firms in the U.K.: The operational development and spatial expansion of general practice firms of chartered surveyors. Lampeter: St. David's University College, 1987.

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Murray, Kali N. A politics of patent law: Crafting the participatory patent bargain. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]: Routledge, 2012.

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Murray, Kali N. A politics of patent law: Crafting the participatory patent bargain. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]: Routledge, 2012.

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Modern real estate practice in New York: For salespersons & brokers. 2nd ed. Chicago: Real Estate Education Co., 1986.

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Modern real estate practice in New York: For salepersons & brokers. 3rd ed. Chicago: Real Estate Education Co., 1990.

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Lank, Edith. Modern real estate practice in New York: For salespersons and brokers. Edited by Deickler Judith. 5th ed. Chicago, Ill: Real Estate Education Co., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Property development practice"

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Masuda, Yuta J., Brian E. Robinson, and Margaret B. Holland. "Property Rights, Tenure Form, and Tenure Security." In Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_1.

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AbstractLand tenure security is often inconsistently defined, conceptualized, and measured. This can create confusion in research and practice. Here, we provide a summary of the differences between property rights, tenure form, and land tenure security. The chapter provides a brief review of the history and evolution of research on these topics, how they intersect, and why distinguishing these concepts is important for research and practice.
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Hang, Shi, and Dan Ying Wu. "Innovative Development and Practice of University Intellectual Property Management Based on Big Data Algorithm." In 2021 International Conference on Big Data Analytics for Cyber-Physical System in Smart City, 557–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7466-2_61.

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Harrison, Richard J., and Mario Caccamo. "Managing Data in Breeding, Selection and in Practice: A Hundred Year Problem That Requires a Rapid Solution." In Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development, 37–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13276-6_3.

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AbstractFollowing the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics, food supply pressures and the rapid expansion of crop varieties with defined performance characteristics, international systems were set up throughout the 20 C to regulate the trade of seed, the protection of intellectual property and the sale of productive varieties of key agricultural crops. These systems are a highly connected but largely linear set of processes. System changes are slow to be adopted due to the cascade of effects that structural alteration would have globally. Multi-omic technologies and the subsequent proliferation of data types used within modern breeding, offer the possibility to gain deeper insights into the performance characteristics of varieties. Current integration of data, standards and ownership structures limit their applications for wider purposes, both private and public. We explore how data within and between breeding programmes and the varietal approval and monitoring processes could be made FAIR. We examine what role expanded or aligned programmes of data collection and expanded trait evaluation at the point of varietal registration and evaluation, as well as on farm could have in ensuring the best linkage of public and private data to address some of the challenges society faces over the next 30 years with the required, rapid transition to sustainable agricultural systems.
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Tokarski, Mateusz. "Consolations of Environmental Philosophy." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 445–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_24.

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AbstractDue to successful protection and restoration efforts, humans and wild animals more and more often come to inhabit overlapping spaces. This is often experienced by humans as problematic, as animals may cause material damages to property and pose threats to humans and domesticated animals. These threats, as well as normative beliefs about belonging and culturally-based prejudices, often provoke distress or aggression towards animals. While philosophy has so far provided normative guidance as to what we should do in terms of developing proper relationships, the actual tools designed to facilitate the development of more peaceful cohabitation have been provided mostly by wildlife management and social sciences. In this contribution, I propose that environmental philosophy can provide conceptual tools easing the difficulties of cohabitation. One such tool is the practice of consolation. I begin by drawing a distinction between the contemporary and traditional forms of consolation. I further show that several common ethical arguments concerning cohabitation with wildlife can be seen as following the ancient concept of consolation. I close with some practical remarks regarding how environmental consolation could be practiced today in the context of difficult cohabitation with wildlife.
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Adamova, Karine, and Nataliya Annenskaya. "REPO Operations in the Russian Market: The Impact of the Evolution of the Practice of Refinancing Financial Assets on the Development of Property Relations." In Ubiquitous Computing and the Internet of Things: Prerequisites for the Development of ICT, 569–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13397-9_62.

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Curry, Edward, Edo Osagie, Niki Pavlopoulou, Dhaval Salwala, and Adegboyega Ojo. "A Best Practice Framework for Centres of Excellence in Big Data and Artificial Intelligence." In The Elements of Big Data Value, 177–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68176-0_8.

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AbstractThis chapter presents a best practice framework for the operation of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Centres of Excellence (BDAI CoE). The goal of the framework is to foster collaboration and share best practices among existing centres and support the establishment of new Centres of Excellence (CoEs) within Europe. The framework was developed following a phased design science process, starting from a literature review to create an initial framework which was enhanced with the findings of a multi-case study of existing successful CoEs. Each case study involved an in-depth analysis and a series of in-depth interviews with leadership personnel of existing CoEs.The resulting best practice framework models a CoE using open systems theory that comprises input (environment), transformation (CoE) and output (impact). The framework conceptualises the internal operation of the CoE as a set of high-level capabilities including strategy, governance, structure, funding, and people and culture. The core capabilities of the CoE include business development, collaboration, research support services, technical infrastructure, experimentation/demonstration platforms, Intellectual Property (IP) and data protection, education and public engagement, policy outreach, technology and knowledge transfer, and performance and impact assessment. In this chapter we describe the best practice framework for CoEs in big data and AI, including objectives, environment, strategic and operational capabilities, and impact. The chapter outlines how the framework can be used by a CoE to support its strategic direction and operational decisions over time, and how a new CoE can use it in the start-up phase. Based on the analysis of the case studies, the chapter explores the critical success factors of a CoE as defined by a survey of CoE managers. Finally, the chapter concludes with a summary.
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Weinmeister, Philip. "Applying the Proper Security Model to Support Your Solutions." In Practical Salesforce.com Development Without Code, 247–64. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0097-1_14.

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Larsson, Jesper, and Eva-Lotta Päiviö Sjaunja. "From Private to Common: Coevolution of Land-Use Practices and Property Rights." In Self-Governance and Sami Communities, 215–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87498-8_9.

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AbstractIn the concluding chapter, we synthesize the results and discuss how changing land-use regimes among Sami in interior northwest Fennoscandia interrelated with the development of property rights between 1550 and 1780. During this period, a new tenure system, reindeer pastoralism, developed. For households that had amassed large reindeer herds, it became crucial to access both large pastures in the mountains and in the boreal forest to have enough grazing. This led to the establishment of common-property regimes in both the mountains and the boreal forest, where grazing became a CPR. The emergence of this kind of common-property regime is best described as a bottom-up process as it assumes that local users design and implement institutions for common use that all or most users adhere to.
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Gailhofer, Peter. "Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal." In Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm, 599–613. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13264-3_15.

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AbstractThe Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (hereafter: Basel Convention) was adopted in 1989. It was a reaction to heightened international awareness of the exponential growth of hazardous waste being produced and the risks it presented to human health, property and the environment while being transported around the globe. The Basel Convention primarily aims to minimise the generation and transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and to keep risks at a tolerable level. It was also a response to the practice of exporting increasing amounts of hazardous waste from the Global North to the Global South. Hence, the Convention is supposed to address concerns regarding environmental justice which arise when industrialised countries profit by exploiting the precarious economic positions of nations in the Global South. Economically challenged countries may accordingly be under pressure to prioritise economic development over environmental concerns when they are offered foreign payments in exchange for accepting toxic waste shipments. By dealing with the disproportionately large share of the burden regarding hazardous waste developing nations face, the Basel Convention has been touted as one of the international agreements at the forefront of integrating environmental justice principles into global trade.
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Medury, Renuka. "Continued Economic Benefit to the Author: Royalties in the Indian Film Industry – Historical Development, Current Status, and Practical Application." In Innovation, Economic Development, and Intellectual Property in India and China, 193–211. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8102-7_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Property development practice"

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Deltsova, N. V. "The Use Of Intellectual Property And Digitization: Legal Aspects." In 18th International Scientific Conference “Problems of Enterprise Development: Theory and Practice”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.97.

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Trencheva, Tereza, and Evelina Zdravkova. "THE NECESSITY OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TRAINING IN THE MEDIA INDUSTRY: SURVEY RESULTS FROM PRACTICE." In 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1757.

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Solovyova, E. E. "MANDATORY NOTARIAL CERTIFICATION OF TRANSACTIONS FOR SEPARATION OF REAL ESTATE PROPERTY BELONGING TO THE MINOR: PROBLEMS OF LAWFUL PRACTICE." In RUSSIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: HISTORY, MODERNITY, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/lsr.2020.12.

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Ahmedov, Ruslan, and Yuliya Ivanova. "On the question of the relationship between the concepts of “intangible goods” and “personal non-property rights”." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-45-52.

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Intangible goods, acting as a kind of objects of personal non-property rights, are an independent legal entity that belongs to a citizen as a subject of legal relations. Unlike various property rights, the essence of intangible goods, first of all, lies in their special status, being inalienable and non-transferable, they are acquired by citizens from birth or by law, and not in the order of succession or legal capacity. This category of goods individualizes a person, creates all the necessary conditions for a prosperous life in society, inviolability of private life, and ensuring absolute physical and spiritual freedom. Intangible benefits are guarantees of decent and comprehensive development of citizens, satisfaction of their positive needs, as well as compliance with legitimate interests.
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Uglitskih, D., and T. Akhmetov. "Problems of law enforcement practice in registration of movable property pledge and the role of the notary in solving these problems." In Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Business Cooperation as a Resource of Sustainable Economic Development and Investment Attraction” (ISPCBC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispcbc-19.2019.45.

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Roy, Sanjit, Saiyid Z. Kamal, Richard Frazier, Ross Bruns, and Yahia Ait Hamlat. "Inline Drilling Fluid Property Measurement, Integration, and Modeling to Enhance Drilling Practice and Support Drilling Automation." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208064-ms.

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Abstract Frequent, reliable, and repeatable measurements are key to the evolution of digitization of drilling information and drilling automation. While advances have been made in automating the drilling process and the use of sophisticated engineering models, machine learning techniques to optimize the process, and lack of real-time data on drilling fluid properties has long been recognized as a limiting factor. Drilling fluids play a significant function in ensuring quality well construction and completion, and in-time measurements of relevant fluid properties are key to automation and enhancing decision making that directly impacts well operations. This paper discusses the development and application of a suite of automated fluid measurement devices that collect key fluid properties used to monitor fluid performance and drive engineering analyses without human involvement. The deployed skid-mounted devices continually and reliably measure properties such as mud weight, apparent viscosity, rheology profiles, temperatures, and emulsion stability to provide valuable insight on the current state of the fluid. Real-time data is shared with relevant rig and office- based personnel to enable process monitoring and trigger operational changes. It feeds into real-time engineering analyses tools and models to monitor performance and provides instantaneous feedback on downhole fluid behavior and impact on drilling performance based on current drilling and drilling fluid property data. Equipment reliability has been documented and demonstrated on over 30 wells and more than 400 thousand ft of lateral sections in unconventional shale drilling in the US. We will share our experience with measurement, data quality and reliability. We will also share aspects of integrating various data components at disparate time intervals into real-time engineering analyses to show how real-time measurements improve the prediction of well and wellbore integrity in ongoing drilling operations. In addition, we will discuss lessons learned from our experience, further enhancements to broaden the scope, and the integration with operators, service companies and other original equipment manufacturer in the domain to support and enhance the digital drilling ecosystem.
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Cogswell, Daniel J. "The Development of Processing to Mechanical Property Relationships via Quantitative Microstructure Assessment in Low Alloy Steel Heavy Section Forging Materials." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57563.

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This paper provides details of an ongoing effort to characterise the microstructure of heavy section low alloy steel forgings used in high integrity applications and correlate these data to the mechanical properties of these materials. Current industry practice is to use chemical etching and visual assessment in acceptance standards to determine nominal averages for microstructure parameters. This work uses electron microscope techniques to provide information on a variety of grain and secondary-phase particle information allowing numerical comparison of key microstructure variables to mechanical properties. For instance, the transition toughness behaviour of low alloys steels is controlled by the combination of the largest grain and particle in the material, i.e. the most potent initiator for cleavage failure. Knowledge of only the average grain size is insufficient to correlate microstructure and transition toughness performance. The programme consists of three main stages: modelling key variables in the manufacturing process to predict microstructure from thermodynamic predictions, developing quantitative microstructure data on archive materials for which mechanical property data are known to allow empirical relationships to be constructed and, a final validation exercise of a complete model by production and assessment of trial forgings.
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Fannon, David, and Michelle Laboy. "Resilient Homes Online Design Aide: Connecting Research and Practice for Socially Resilient Communities." In 2018 Intersections. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.18.2.

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Resilience in architectural research, discourse, and practice tends to focus on physical aspects of the built environment. Much of the discussion within this technological domain of resilience resolves around singular, unique, and high value facilities: ignoring the vast fabric of buildings where most people live. However, studies in socioecological resilience suggests that resilience in the built environment must address people and systems, not merely property. Transitioning to this focus will both require and result in broadening architecture’s interest and influence beyond the normal physical boundaries of the built environment. To effectively engage this broader scope, new tools must enable new modes of public outreach, information sharing, data analysis, decision support, and ultimately create new knowledge. This paper describes the motivation, development, and preliminary findings of one such tool, the Resilient Home Online Design Aide (RHOnDA). This results suggest a cycle of participatory architectural research to advance socioecological resilience.
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Smyth, J. R., R. E. Morey, and R. W. Schultze. "Ceramic Gas Turbine Technology Development and Applications." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-361.

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Under the ongoing DOE/NASA-funded Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP), Garrett Auxiliary Power Division (GAPD) is continuing to address the issues of developing and applying structural ceramics to production gas turbine engines. Several critical technologies are being developed to advance this issue, including design methods development, component design, component fabrication, material characterization, and engine testing. The brittle nature of structural ceramics highlights concerns regarding impact damage. Through analysis and experimentation, design methods are being developed to improve the resistance of ceramic components to impact damage. Ceramic component designs now integrate these design methods into practice and proof testing methods are being developed to verify the results for actual engine components. Ceramic component fabrication processes are being optimized by selected subcontractors, resulting in deliveries of high-quality ceramic components which fully meet engine test needs. Verification of the component material properties is being achieved through comparisons of material property data from test bars cut from actual engine components with data generated from ceramic material test specimens. All these efforts are aimed at demonstrating endurance of the AGT101 all-ceramic turbine engine at the maximum operating temperature conditions up to 2500F (1371C). These critical ceramics technologies being developed under ATTAP are also providing a critical launch pad into production-oriented programs. GAPD has three concurrent programs underway, aimed at integrating ceramics into production Auxiliary Power Units (APUs). These include: installing and evaluating ceramic turbine nozzles under actual field conditions in a well-established product line (the 85 Series Ceramic Nozzle Demonstration Program); incorporating ceramic first-stage turbine stators and blades in a three-stage axial turbine APU (the 331-200 Ceramic Demonstration Program); and incorporation of a ceramic first-stage turbine stator in our latest APU design, the G250 Auxiliary Power Generation System (APGS) for the USAF F-22 fighter aircraft.
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Kozmenko, Oleg. "Influence of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on the development of the practice of arbitration courts of Russia on the issues of attracting public entities to property liability." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23313.

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Reports on the topic "Property development practice"

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Perera, Duminda, Vladimir Smakhtin, Spencer Williams, Taylor North, and Allen Curry. Ageing Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/qsyl1281.

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The Report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the ageing of large dams –an emerging global development issue as tens of thousands of existing large dams have reached or exceeded an “alert” age threshold of 50 years, and many others will soon approach 100 years. These aged structures incur rapidly rising maintenance needs and costs while simultaneously declining their effectiveness and posing potential threats to human safety and the environment. The Report analyzes large dam construction trends across major geographical regions and primary dam functions, such as water supply, irrigation, flood control, hydropower, and recreation. Analysis of existing global datasets indicates that despite plans in some regions and countries to build more water storage dams, particularly for hydropower generation, there will not be another “dam revolution” to match the scale of the high-intensity dam construction experienced in the early to middle, 20th century. At the same time, many of the large dams constructed then are aging, and hence we are already experiencing a “mass ageing” of water storage infrastructure. The Report further explores the emerging practice of decommissioning ageing dams, which can be removal or re-operation, to address issues of ensuring public safety, escalating maintenance costs, reservoir sedimentation, and restoration of a natural river ecosystem. Decommissioning becomes the option if economic and practical limitations prevent a dam from being upgraded or if its original use has become obsolete. The cost of dam removal is estimated to be an order of magnitude less than that of repairing. The Report also gives an overview of dam decommissioning’s socio-economic impacts, including those on local livelihoods, heritage, property value, recreation, and aesthetics. Notably, the nature of these impacts varies significantly between low- and high-income countries. The Report shows that while dam decommissioning is a relatively recent phenomenon, it is gaining pace in the USA and Europe, where many dams are older. However, it is primarily small dams that have been removed to date, and the decommissioning of large dams is still in its infancy, with only a few known cases in the last decade. A few case studies of ageing and decommissioned large dams illustrate the complexity and length of the process that is often necessary to orchestrate the dam removal safely. Even removing a small dam requires years (often decades), continuous expert and public involvement, and lengthy regulatory reviews. With the mass ageing of dams well underway, it is important to develop a framework of protocols that will guide and accelerate the process of dam removal. Overall, the Report aims to attract global attention to the creeping issue of ageing water storage infrastructure and stimulate international efforts to deal with this emerging water risk. This Report’s primary target audiences are governments and their partners responsible for planning and implementing water infrastructure development and management, emphasizing adaptat
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Pazaitis, Alex, Chris Giotitsas, Leandros Savvides, and Vasilis Kostakis. Do Patents Spur Innovation for Society? Lessons from 3D Printing. Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp7en.

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Effective appropriation of new technology has long been considered essential for innovation. Yet, the role of patents and other Intellectual Property tools has been questioned, both for rewarding innovators and serving societal needs. Simultaneously, there is ample empirical evidence of technological advance accelerating under conditions of loose appropriability, for example, when patents expire and cases of innovations based on shared technology and diverse motivations. This paper explores the case of the 3D printing technology, which appears to have found successful commercialization and dynamic market growth after key patents expired. We analyze the role of commons-based peer production practices in forging synergies among different factors and effectuating an alternative innovation pathway and the challenges and contradictions in the process. Finally, we critically assess recent developments of 3D printing technology and draw lessons for innovation policy by incorporating aspects of emerging commons-based innovation paradigms.
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Collington, Rosie, and William Lazonick. Pricing for Medicine Innovation: A Regulatory Approach to Support Drug Development and Patient Access. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp176.

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The United States represents the world’s largest market for pharmaceutical drugs. It is also the only advanced economy in the world that does not regulate drug prices. There is no upper threshold for the prices of medicines in the United States. List prices are instead set by manufacturers in negotiation with supply-chain intermediaries, though some federal programs have degrees of discretion in price determinations. In practice, this deregulated system means that drug prices in the United States are generally far higher than in other advanced economies, adversely affecting patient accessibility and system affordability. In this paper, we draw on the “theory of innovative enterprise” to develop a framework that provides both a critique of the existing pricing system in the United States and a foundation for developing a new model of pricing regulation to support safety and effectiveness through drug development as well as accessibility and affordability in the distribution of approved medicines to patients. We introduce a regulatory approach we term “Pricing for Medicine Innovation” (PMI), which departs dramatically from the market-equilibrium assumptions of conventional (neoclassical) economics. The PMI approach recognizes the centrality of collective investments by government agencies and business firms in the productive capabilities that underpin the drug development process. PMI specifies the conditions under which, at the firm level, drug pricing can support both sustained investment in these capabilities and improved patient access. PMI can advance both of these objectives simultaneously by regulating not just the level of corporate profit but also its allocation to reinvestment in the drug development process. PMI suggests that although price caps are likely to improve drug affordability, there remain two potential issues with this pricing approach. Firstly, in an innovation system where a company’s sales revenue is the source of its finance for further drug development, price caps may deprive a firm of the means to invest in innovation. Secondly, even with adequate profits available for investment in innovation, a firm that is run to maximize shareholder value will tend to use those profits to fund distributions to shareholders rather than for investment in drug innovation. We argue that, if implemented properly, PMI could both improve the affordability of medicines and enhance the innovative performance of pharmaceutical companies.
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BALYSH, A. HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN THE USSR IN THE 20T-30TH OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE INFLUENCE OF THIS FACTOR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEAVY AND DEFENSE INDUSTRY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-4-2-14-23.

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The aim of the article. How state-of-the-art in the field of home building influenced onto capital constructing in defense industry, putting into exploitation and operation of the new military plants during the industrialization period is examined. Methodology. General principles of historism and objectivity are the theoretical-methodological base of this work. Author also uses special historical methods: logic, systematic, chronological, actualisation and periodizing. Results. This article is based on documents storing in the Russian State Archive and Russian State Economical Archive. Collections of historical documents related to the Soviet period of Russian history are also used. On the base of these documents it is shown that poor situation in the field of home building was the reason of persistent deficits of building and exploitation workers. Due to this fact it was impossible to apply the funds given by the Government for building some plants (especially at the periphery), building works were delayed and proper operation of already built ones was spoiled. These problems were not completely solved till the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. All this effected negatively to the Red Army combat readiness before and during the war, especially at the beginning period. Practical application. The field of results application. Practical significance of this work is as follows: the archive data, which are for the first time used for scientific investigation and also the conclusions formulated in this article can be used for further scientific research on the USSR military industry in the industrialization period and also for scientific research on the USSR period in general.
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Russo, David, Daniel M. Tartakovsky, and Shlomo P. Neuman. Development of Predictive Tools for Contaminant Transport through Variably-Saturated Heterogeneous Composite Porous Formations. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7592658.bard.

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The vadose (unsaturated) zone forms a major hydrologic link between the ground surface and underlying aquifers. To understand properly its role in protecting groundwater from near surface sources of contamination, one must be able to analyze quantitatively water flow and contaminant transport in variably saturated subsurface environments that are highly heterogeneous, often consisting of multiple geologic units and/or high and/or low permeability inclusions. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) to develop efficient and accurate tools for probabilistic delineation of dominant geologic features comprising the vadose zone; (ii) to develop a complementary set of data analysis tools for discerning the fractal properties of hydraulic and transport parameters of highly heterogeneous vadose zone; (iii) to develop and test the associated computational methods for probabilistic analysis of flow and transport in highly heterogeneous subsurface environments; and (iv) to apply the computational framework to design an “optimal” observation network for monitoring and forecasting the fate and migration of contaminant plumes originating from agricultural activities. During the course of the project, we modified the third objective to include additional computational method, based on the notion that the heterogeneous formation can be considered as a mixture of populations of differing spatial structures. Regarding uncertainly analysis, going beyond approaches based on mean and variance of system states, we succeeded to develop probability density function (PDF) solutions enabling one to evaluate probabilities of rare events, required for probabilistic risk assessment. In addition, we developed reduced complexity models for the probabilistic forecasting of infiltration rates in heterogeneous soils during surface runoff and/or flooding events Regarding flow and transport in variably saturated, spatially heterogeneous formations associated with fine- and coarse-textured embedded soils (FTES- and CTES-formations, respectively).We succeeded to develop first-order and numerical frameworks for flow and transport in three-dimensional (3-D), variably saturated, bimodal, heterogeneous formations, with single and dual porosity, respectively. Regarding the sampling problem defined as, how many sampling points are needed, and where to locate them spatially in the horizontal x₂x₃ plane of the field. Based on our computational framework, we succeeded to develop and demonstrate a methdology that might improve considerably our ability to describe quntitaively the response of complicated 3-D flow systems. The results of the project are of theoretical and practical importance; they provided a rigorous framework to modeling water flow and solute transport in a realistic, highly heterogeneous, composite flow system with uncertain properties under-specified by data. Specifically, they: (i) enhanced fundamental understanding of the basic mechanisms of field-scale flow and transport in near-surface geological formations under realistic flow scenarios, (ii) provided a means to assess the ability of existing flow and transport models to handle realistic flow conditions, and (iii) provided a means to assess quantitatively the threats posed to groundwater by contamination from agricultural sources.
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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