To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Properties loss.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Properties loss'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Properties loss.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Munro, Roger Cameron. "Anti - haemostatic properties of the Hirudinea." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317381.
Full text
2
Bestenlehner, Joachim Michael. "Mass-loss properties of the most massive stars in 30 Doradus." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602438.
Full textAbstract:
Our understanding of high-mass star evolution is tightly connected to our understanding of their mass-loss properties. The initial and final mass are significantly different as a result of mass loss. Massive stars have strong stellar winds and high ionising fluxes and are the main sources for mechanical and radiative feedback in giant H II regions. However, the wind and mass-loss properties and how they change during their evolution are not understood. To provide new observational evidences and to test current theoretical predictions, this thesis explores the mass-loss rate range from optically thin O-star winds to optically WR-star winds. In the context of the VLT-Flames Tarantula Survey we study the transition region from O-stars to very massive WNh-stars. For this study, we selected 62 0, Of, Of/WN, and WNh-stars in the Tarantula Nebula. For the analysis, we used the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN to obtain accurate stellar parameters, and to investigate the mass-loss propelties and evolution of these massive stars. We show that Of/WN-stars are transition objects from optically thin O-star winds to optically thick WR-star winds. Our sample covers an age range from 1 to 3 Myr. Of/WN and WNh-stars show hydrogen depletion at the surface on much shorter timescales (< 1 Myr) than the less luminous 0- stars. The predictions of the wind momenta for the' most luminous O-stars are overestimated and for the WNh-stars are underestimated. This is an indication that new theoretical mass-loss predictions are required for the most luminous stars. In our analysis yve could confirm the theoretical predictions which suggest a notable change of the mass-loss behaviour at a certain Eddington factor. The Eddington factor is well defined in evolutionary models. Using this mass loss-Eddington factor relation it is possible to provide more accurate mass-loss rates for new evolutionary models.
3
Ahmed, El-Mahadi. "Rheological properties, loss of workability and strength development of high-strength concrete." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317867/.
Full textAbstract:
The successful production of high-strength concrete which meets the desired strength and durability is dependent on optimising its rheological (or flow) properties and reducing its loss of workability during the transportation, placing and compaction stages. The research presented in this thesis aimed to: 1. Determine whether mix stability and compactability can be adequately described by the two Bingham parameters of yield value and plastic viscosity. 2. Reduce the uncertainties in material selection with regards to the performance of superplasticizers and cement replacement materials. 3. Examine how the two Bingham parameters vary at different degrees of compaction by vibration. 4. Determine how these influence the strength development characteristics in the hardened state. 5. An additional aim was to carry out any modifications to the test apparatus and methods which experience makes necessary. Measurements with Tattersall's MH two-point workability test apparatus indicated that mix stability correlates more closely with the yield value than with plastic viscosity, whilst the opposite is true with respect to compactability under self-weight. The performance of conventional and new-generation superplasticizers (based on SMF, SNF, MLS, Vinyl and Acrylate polymers) was evaluated with different dosages, mixing procedures and cements. The SNF superplasticizer produced slightly lower initial workabilities than the Acrylate superplasticizer, but the longest workability retentions of the superplasticizers tested. Partial cement replacements by CSF in binary blends produced lower superplasticizer dosage demands, higher initial workabilities and longer workability retentions than those due to PFA and GGBS. When used in ternary blended cements, CSF enhanced the performance of mixes containing PFA or GGBS at w/b ratios of 0.30-0.22. A novel method developed to assess the vibration response of fresh concretes has, for the first time, demonstrated that both the yield value and plastic viscosity decrease during compaction. The method has also demonstrated that the maximum compressive strengths and densities of concretes compacted for different vibration durations/amplitudes coincide with the attainment of zero yield value. Continuous reductions in plastic viscosity during vibration mainly reduced the homogeneity of concrete compacted in short columns.
4
Ergen, Cemil Emre. "Flood Mitigation Decision Tool for Target Repetitive Loss Properties in Jefferson Parish." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/405.
Full textAbstract:
For decades Louisiana, especially Jefferson and Orleans parishes, has been affected severely by floods. These two parishes have experienced fifteen significant flood events in twenty six years from 1978 to 2004, either due to tropical weather or strong rainfall events. Those floods have resulted in billions of dollars in damages. In 1996 the Congress authorized a large flood control project called Southeast Louisiana Urban Flood Control Project (SELA). SELA is a large scale project that once complete, will improve the channels and the pumping stations in Orleans, Jefferson, and St. Tammany parishes. FEMA has limited sources for non-structural mitigation projects. Hence it is crucial to select the right properties for mitigation. This study focuses on identifying and creating a priority list of the properties in Jefferson Parish which will not have 100-year flood protection after all SELA projects are in place. These properties will require alternative non-structural mitigation measures.
5
Olsson, Martin. "Thermal Shape Factor : The impact of the building shape and thermal properties on the heating energy demand in Swedish climates." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125076.
Full textAbstract:
In the year 2006, the energy performance directive 2002/91/EG was passed by the European Union, according to this directive the Swedish building code was supplemented by a key measure of energy use intensity (EUI). The implemented EUI equals some energy use within a building divided by its floor area and must be calculated in new housing estate and shown when renting or selling housing property. In order to improve the EUI, energy efficiency refurbishments could be implemented. Building energy simulation tools enables a virtual view a building model and can estimate the energy use before implementing any refurbishments. They are a powerful resource when determine the impact of the refurbishment measure. In order to obtain a correct model which corresponds to the actual energy use, some adjustments of the model are often needed. This process refers to as calibration. The used EUI has been criticized and thus, the first objective in this work was to suggest an alternative key measure of a buildings performance. The results showed that the currently used EUI is disfavoring some districts in Sweden. New housing estate in the far north must take more refined actions in order to fulfill the regulation demand, given that the users are behaving identical regardless where the house is located. Further, the suggested measure is less sensitive to the users’ behavior than the presently used EUI. It also has a significance meaning in building design as it relating the building shape and thermal properties and stating that extreme building shapes must undergo a stricter thermal construction rather than buildings that are more compact. Thus, the suggested key measure also creates a communication link between architects and the consultant constructors. The second objective of this thesis has been to investigate a concept of calibration using the data normally provided by energy bills, i.e. some monthly aggregated data. A case study serves to answer this objective, by using the building energy simulation tool IDA ICE 4.7 and a building located in Umeå, Sweden. The findings showed that the used calibration approach yielded a model considered as calibrated in eleven of twelve months. Furthermore, the method gives a closer agreement to the actual heat demand rather than using templates and standardized values. The major explanation of the deviation was influence of the users, but also that the case study building burden with large heat losses by domestic hot water circulation and thus, more buildings should be subjected to this calibration approach.
6
Son, Vo Thanh, and n/a. "Evaluation of the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to estimate soil loss from hobby farms and commercial pastoral properties around Murrumbateman, NSW, Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061108.171337.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an evaluation of the use the USLE to estimate soil loss from
two pastoral land uses - commercial properties and "hobby farms" in
Murrumbateman. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the USLE
components. Sediment measurement in farm dams was taken to estimate
sediment yield from several sites, as an alternative approach to study soil
loss. The annual soil loss from entire study area was 0.25 t/ha/year whilst
these figures from commercial properties and hobby farms were 0.29
t/ha/year and 0.21 t/ha/year, respectively. The annual average sediment
yield from three catchments in hobby farms was 0.3 t/ha/year. The USLE
was found to be highly sensitive to slope steepness, ground cover and
stocking rates. The critical values were 16% for slopes, 35% for the ground
cover and 19 Dry Sheep Equivalent/ha for stocking rate. I tentatively
conclude that the USLE is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences in soil
loss between the two land uses. There is, however, a need to improve the
operation of the model in some respects. The use of farm dams for
estimating sediment yield also shows promise.
7
Abdullah, Wan Mohammad H. W. "The effect of moisture loss on the mechanical and sensory properties of carrots." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239066.
Full text
8
Chen, Jonathan. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MUFFLER INSERTION LOSS FLOW RIG." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/131.
Full textAbstract:
Mufflers and silencers are commonly used to attenuate noise sources such as internal combustion engines and HVAC systems. Typically, these environments contain mean flow that can affect the acoustic properties of the muffler components and may produce flow generated noise. To characterize the muffler performance, common metrics such as insertion and transmission loss and noise reduction are used in industry. Though transmission loss without flow is often measured and is a relatively simple bench top experiment and useful for model validation purposes, mean flow can significantly affect the muffler performance. There are a few existing and commercial transmission loss rigs that incorporate flow into the measurement procedure. These rigs are useful for model verification including flow but do not predict how the muffler will perform in the system since the source, termination, and pipe lengths significantly impact performance. In this research, the development of an insertion loss test rig is detailed. This testing strategy has the advantage of being simpler, quantifying the self-generated noise due to flow, and taking into account the effect of tailpipe length and a realistic termination. However, the test does not include the actual source and is not as useful for model validation. An electric blower produces the flow and a silencer quiets the flow. Loudspeakers are positioned just downstream of the flow silencer and they are used as the sound source. The low frequency source is a subwoofer installed in a cylindrical enclosure that includes a conical transition from speaker to pipe. Special care is taken to reduce any flow generated noise. Qualification of the system is detailed by comparing the measured transmission loss, noise reduction, and insertion loss to one-dimensional plane wave models. The results demonstrate that the developed rig should be useful as a muffler evaluation tool after a prototype has been constructed. The rig can also be used for transmission loss and noise reduction determination which will prove beneficial for laboratory testing.
9
Pardo, Vivé Enric. "Geometry Effects on the Electromagnetic Properties of Linear Magnetic Materials and Superconductors in the Critical State." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3356.
Full textAbstract:
Efectes de Geometria en les Propietats Electromagnètiques de Materials Lineals i de Superconductors en l'Estat CríticEl comportament electromagnètic d'un cert material no només depèn de les seves propietats intrínseques sinó també de la geometria de la mostra estudiada. De fet, algunes magnituds magnètiques en mostres del mateix material però geometria diferent poden diferir en varis ordres de magnitud.
La tesi està dividida en dues parts. La primera part està dedicada a l'estudi dels efectes de geometria, també denominats efectes desimantadors, en mostres de materials lineals, homogenis i isòtrops (LHI) sota l'aplicació d'un camp magnètic uniforme. Per quantificar els efectes desimantadors en les magnituds magnètiques més rellevants en materials LHI s'utilitzen els factors de desimantació fluxmètric i magnetomètric (Nf i Nm); el seu càlcul teòric és necessari per poder determinar algunes propietats intrínseques dels materials a partir d'experiments. Després de detectar grans mancances en els resultats teòrics previs dels factors de desimantació per prismes rectangulars, presentem nombrosos càlculs originals de Nf i Nm. Pels casos de prismes infinitament llargs i prismes quadrats finits Nf i Nm es calculen per un rang ampli de relació gruix-amplada i susceptibilitat magnètica. Pel cas d'un prisma finit perfectament diamagnètic es presenta un estudi sistemàtic dels factors de desimantació en funció de les dimensions relatives del prisma a partir de càlculs precisos. També es calculen resultats numèrics per cilindres amb camp aplicat en la direcció radial, situació per la que existien molt poques dades.
L'altra part de la tesi consisteix en un estudi de superconductors durs, que són materials molt interessants per aplicacions pràctiques. En aquest cas, l'estudi es centra en algunes geometries infinitament llargues immerses en un camp magnètic altern i uniforme aplicat en direcció transversal o bé que transporten un corrent elèctric altern. Concretament, s'estudien amb detall les geometries de prisma infinit de secció rectangular, el·líptica i varis casos de conjunts de múltiples prismes rectangulars. L'estudi d'aquestes geometries és de gran importància pràctica a l'hora de dissenyar cintes i cables superconductors per treballar en dispositius elèctrics en corrent altern, pels que és fonamental la reducció de les pèrdues energètiques per la viabilitat de la tecnologia basada en cables superconductors. Per fer l'estudi esmentat es desenvolupa un mètode numèric basat en el model d'estat crític per superconductors i la minimització de l'energia magnètica. Pels casos de camp magnètic aplicat, el mètode permet descriure dos tipus de connexió entre filaments, elèctricament aïllats un a un o interconnectats entre sí al extrems dels prismes. Malgrat que el primer tipus de connexió és la que presenta pèrdues energètiques més baixes, no havia estat possible simular-lo fins ara. Els resultats numèrics obtinguts a partir d'aquest mètode són originals i de gran precisió. A més, la descripció sistemàtica del problema permet realitzar un estudi en profunditat de les propietats electromagnètiques per aquestes geometries, gràcies al que s'obtenen unes tendències bàsiques per reduir les pèrdues energètiques.
The electromagnetic behaviour of a certain material do not only depends on its internal properties but also on the geometry of the studied sample. Actually, some magnetic quantities in samples of the same material but different geometry can vary in several orders of magnitude.
The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part we study the geometry effects, also called demagnetizing effects, in samples made of linear homogenous isotropic materials (LHI) subjected to a uniform applied magnetic field. In order to quantify the demagnetizing effects on the most relevant magnetic quantities of the samples, we carry out accurate calculations for the fluxmetric and magnetometric demagnetizing factors (Nf and Nm); the calculation of these factors is needed to determine some internal magnetic properties of materials from experiments. After detecting some important lacks in the already existing theoretical results for rectangular prisms, we present a complete set of original calculated data of Nf and Nm. For the cases of infinitely long rectangular prisms and finite square bars we calculate Nf and Nm for a wide range of thickness-to-width aspect ratio and magnetic susceptibility. For the case of a perfectly shielding rectangular prism, we present a systematic study of the demagnetizing factors as a function of the relative dimensions of the prism by means of accurate numerical calculations. Numerical results are also presented for cylinders under radial applied field, situation for which there existed very few data.
The other part of the thesis consists in a study of hard superconductors, which are materials very interesting for applications. For this case, we have focused on some infinitely long geometries subjected to either a transverse AC applied field or a transport alternating current. Specifically, there have been studied in detail the geometries of an infinitely long prism with rectangular cross-section, elliptical one and some arrangements of several rectangular prisms. The study of these geometries is of great practical importance for the design of superconducting tapes and cables for devices operating in AC conditions, for which the reduction of the AC loss is of vital importance for the viability of the technology based on superconducting wires. In order to do such an study, we develop a numerical method based on the critical-state model for superconductors and magnetic energy minimization. For the cases considering an applied magnetic field, the method allows the description of two different kinds of filament connexion, mutually electrically isolated or interconnected at the ends of the prisms. Although the first kind of connection presents lower AC loss, this situation has not been simulated until now by any author. The numerical results obtained from this method are original and very accurate. Furthermore, the systematic study of the problem provides a deep understanding of the electromagnetic properties for these geometries, thanks to which we obtain some general trends to reduce the AC loss.
10
Chen, Xinyue. "Understanding Loss Mechanisms and Enhancing Dielectric Properties of Multilayer Polymer Films for Capacitor Applications." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1584527483998243.
Full text
11
Wang, Yun-Yu. "Investigation of the optical properties of Bi₂Sr₂Can-₁CunOy (n=1,2) by transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy /." This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135649/.
Full text
12
Scott, Shane. "Rheological Properties of Protein Hydrogels." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20565.
Full textAbstract:
Certain hydrogel forming de novo proteins that utilize different crosslinking
methods are studied experimentally on a rheometer. The stress reaxation
modulus of CRC, a telechelic, triblock protein, is shown to be that of
a stretched exponential function with a value of β ≅ 0.5. The insertion of
an integrin binding domain and changes in pH within the range 6.5–8.5 are
shown not to significantly affect the resulting rheological behavior. A selective
chemical crosslinker is used on CRC hydrogel systems and is shown to
change the rheological behavior of the system to that of a combination of a
chemically and physically crosslinked system. Chemically crosslinked hydrogels
composed of W6, a wheat gluten-based protein, demonstrate a storage
modulus weakly dependent on the angular frequency that is much greater
than the loss modulus, with a modulus concentration dependence of c^9/4.
13
Langford, M. L. "An investigation of the properties of ions, radicals and molecules by translational-energy-loss spectroscopy." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637846.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis employs double charge transfer spectroscopy (DCTS) to measure ionisation energies (primarily double ionisation energies) of a number of small molecules. DCTS is described in detail and the previous work in this field is reviewed. A discussion on the stability of molecular dications and the experimental techniques that have been used previously to measure the energies of dications is included. Many characteristics of the target molecule and the projectile ion affect the quality and the type of data obtained using DCTS. This subject is discussed and a number of ions are selected and examined for their potential as prospective projectile ions. The data available for measurement is affected by the cross-section for double electron capture reactions. An extension of the Landau-Zener theory is presented enabling the calculation of absolute cross-sections in double electron capture reactions. Calculated cross-sections are compared with measured cross-sections taken from the literature and with relative cross-sections measured in the present study. A 'reaction window' effect is observed in double electron capture reactions and its effect on double charge transfer spectra is discussed. Using a number of selected projectile ions, double ionisation energies of CO, CO2, COS, CS2 NH3, CH3Br, CCl4, CCl3F, CCl2F2 and C2H4 are measured and assigned, wherever possible, using relevant information from the literature. In addition, the electron-ion recombination energy of both SF5+ and SF3+ are determined as well as the electron affinity of each of the molecules SF4, SF2 and SF.
14
Villegas, Juan Camilo, Darin J. Law, Scott C. Stark, David M. Minor, David D. Breshears, Scott R. Saleska, Abigail L. S. Swann, et al. "Prototype campaign assessment of disturbance-induced tree loss effects on surface properties for atmospheric modeling." WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623209.
Full textAbstract:
Changes in large-scale vegetation structure triggered by processes such as deforestation, wildfires, and tree die-off alter surface structure, energy balance, and associated albedo-all critical for land surface models. Characterizing these properties usually requires long-term data, precluding characterization of rapid vegetation changes such as those increasingly occurring in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the characterization of rapid events is limited and only possible in a few specific areas. We use a campaign approach to characterize surface properties associated with vegetation structure. In our approach, a profiling LiDAR and hemispherical image analyses quantify vegetation structure and a portable mast instrumented with a net radiometer, wind-humidity-temperature stations in a vertical profile, and soil temperature-heat flux characterize surface properties. We illustrate the application of our approach in two forest types (boreal and semiarid) with disturbance-induced tree loss. Our prototype characterizes major structural changes associated with tree loss, changes in vertical wind profiles, surface roughness energy balance partitioning, a proxy for NDVI (Normalized Differential Vegetation Index), and albedo. Multi-day albedo estimates, which differed between control and disturbed areas, were similar to tower-based multiyear characterizations, highlighting the utility and potential of the campaign approach. Our prototype provides general characterization of surface and boundary-layer properties relevant for land surface models, strategically enabling preliminary characterization of rapid vegetation disturbance events.
15
Rojas, Gregorio José Ignacio. "Microstructural characterization & viscoelastic properties of AlZnMg & AlCuMg alloys." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/77907.
Full textAbstract:
The comprehension of the viscoelastic behaviour of metals is of high interest as these materials are subjected to dynamic
loads in most of their structural applications, and also because it enables a deeper understanding of several technologically
essential properties, like mechanical damping and yielding. Thus, research on this field is needed not only because it may
lead to new potential applications of metals, but also because predictability of the fatigue response may be greatly enhanced.
Indeed, fatigue is the consequence of microstructural effects induced in a material under dynamic loading, while the
viscoelastic behaviour is also intimately linked to the microstructure. Accordingly, the characterization of the viscoelastic
response of a material offers an alternative method for analysing its microstructure and ultimately its fatigue behaviour.
This research is aimed at the identification, characterization and modelling of the effects of temperature, excitation frequency
and microstructure/phase transformations (when present) on the viscoelastic behaviour of aluminium alloys AA 7075-T6 and
AA 2024-T3, and of pure aluminium in the H24 temper. The identification of the mechanical relaxation processes taking place
and the relation between the viscoelastic response of AA 7075-T6 and AA 2024-T3 and the fatigue behaviour will be
attempted for all these materials. Finally, we intend to investigate possible influences of the dynamic loading frequency on
fatigue, and especially the existence of a threshold frequency marking the transition from a static-like response of the
material to the advent of fatigue problems.
AA 7075-T6 and AA 2024-T3 were selected for this study because these alloys are key representatives of their important
families and are highly suitable to a number of industrial applications in the aerospace sector and transport industry. Pure
aluminium was selected because of the inherent interest of this metal, for comparison purposes and for discussing the
phenomena observed for the alloys.
To accomplish the objectives, the viscoelastic response of the materials was measured experimentally with a Dynamic-
Mechanical Analyser (DMA). The results were combined with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). An analytical model was proposed which fits the storage modulus up to 300 ºC. The model
takes into account the effect of temperature, the excitation frequency and the concentration of some precipitates for the alloys.
This allows us to test models proposed for the reaction rates of the associated microstructural transformations, to determine
their kinetic parameters and to characterize their influence on the viscoelastic behaviour, showing that the DMA is a good tool
for studying the material microstructure, phase transformation kinetics and the influence of transformations on the
viscoelastic properties of materials.
The Time-Temperature Superposition (TTS) principle has been successfully applied to the DMA data, providing master
curves for the storage and loss moduli. Also, it is proposed that the decrease of yield and fatigue strength with temperature
observed in some aluminium alloys may be due to the internal friction increase with temperature. Finally, the existence of a
threshold frequency is suggested, below which materials subjected to dynamic loading exhibit a static-like, elastic response,
such that creep mechanisms dominate and deterioration due to fatigue may be neglected. A procedure to estimate this
transition frequency is proposed.La comprensión del comportamiento visco-elástico de los metales es de gran interés ya que estos están sometidos a cargas dinámicas en la mayoría de sus aplicaciones estructurales, y también porque posibilita un conocimiento más profundo de varias propiedades esenciales tecnológicamente, como el amortiguamiento mecánico y el límite elástico. Así, la investigación en este campo es necesaria no sólo porque puede conducir hacia nuevas aplicaciones potenciales de los metales, sino también porque la capacidad de predecir el comportamiento en fatiga de los mismos puede verse ampliamente mejorada. De hecho, la fatiga de los metales es consecuencia de efectos microestructurales inducidos en el material bajo cargas dinámicas, y el comportamiento visco-elástico está también íntimamente relacionado con la microestructura. Así, la caracterización de la respuesta visco-elástica de un material ofrece un método alternativo para analizar su microestructura y, en último término, su respuesta en fatiga. Este trabajo tiene por objetivos la identificación, caracterización y modelización de los efectos de la temperatura, la frecuencia de excitación y la microestructura/transformaciones de fase en el comportamiento visco-elástico de las aleaciones de aluminio AA 7075-T6 y AA 2024-T3, y de aluminio puro en estado H24. Se aborda también la identificación de los procesos de relajación mecánicos que tienen lugar en estos materiales y la identificación de la relación entre el comportamiento visco-elástico de AA 7075-T6 y 2024-T3 y su respuesta en fatiga. Finalmente, se intentará investigar posibles influencias de la frecuencia de la carga dinámica en la fatiga, y en especial la existencia de una frecuencia umbral que marque la transición desde una respuesta cuasi-estática del material hacia la aparición de problemas de fatiga. AA 7075-T6 y AA 2024-T3 fueron seleccionadas porque son representantes clave de sus importantes familias de aleaciones, y son altamente adecuadas para un gran número de aplicaciones en los sectores aeroespacial y del transporte. El aluminio puro fue seleccionado para este estudio por su interés inherente, y para realizar comparaciones y discutir algunos de los fenómenos observados en las aleaciones. Para cumplir los objetivos, el comportamiento visco-elástico de los materiales fue medido experimentalmente con un Dynamic-Mechanical Analyser (DMA). Los resultados se combinaron con microscopía electrónica y calorimetría. Se propuso un modelo analítico que ajusta la componente real del módulo elástico dinámico (el storage modulus) hasta 300 ºC. El modelo toma en consideración los efectos de la temperatura, la frecuencia de la carga dinámica y la concentración de ciertos precipitados para el caso de las aleaciones. Esto permitió testear modelos propuestos para las velocidades de reacción de las transformaciones microestructurales asociadas, determinar sus parámetros cinéticos y caracterizar su influencia en el comportamiento visco-elástico, demostrando que el DMA es una buena herramienta para estudiar la microestructura del material, la cinética de las transformaciones de fase y la influencia de las transformaciones en las propiedades visco-elásticas de los materiales. El principio de superposición de tiempo y temperatura ha sido aplicado con éxito, proporcionando curvas maestras para las componentes del módulo elástico dinámico. Asimismo, se sugiere que el descenso en el límite elástico y la resistencia a fatiga con la temperatura observado en algunas aleaciones de aluminio puede ser debido al incremento de la fricción interna con la temperatura. Finalmente, se propone la existencia de una frecuencia umbral, por debajo de la cual los materiales sometidos a cargas dinámicas exhiben una respuesta cuasi-estática y elástica, de tal modo que mecanismos de termofluencia son dominantes y el deterioro del material debido a fatiga puede ser despreciado. Se propone un procedimiento para estimar esta frecuencia de transición.
16
Garrison, Melissa M. "Smoking as a maladaptive method of weight control in female college students perceived negative health effects and weight control properties /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5043.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 75 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-54).
17
Venkataraman, Abinaya Priya. "Vision Beyond the Fovea: Evaluation and Stimuli Properties." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191212.
Full textAbstract:
This research is about evaluating vision in the periphery. Peripheral vision is of fundamental importance in the performance of our everyday activities. The aim of this thesis is to develop methods suitable for the evaluation of peripheral vision and to assess how different visual functions vary across the visual field. The results have application both within the field of visual rehabilitation of people with central visual field loss (CFL)and as well as in myopia research. All methods for assessing peripheral vision were implemented with adaptive psychophysical algorithms based on Bayesian statistics. A routine for time-efficient evaluation of peripheral contrast sensitivity was implemented and verified for measurements out to 30° in the visual field. Peripheral vision was evaluated for different properties of the stimuli: sharpness, motion, orientation, and extent. Optical quality was controlled using adaptive optics and/or corrective spectacles specially adapted for the peripheral viewing angle. We found that many peripheral visual functions improved with optical correction, especially in people with CFL. We also found improvements in peripheral contrast sensitivity for low spatial frequencies when stimuli drifted at 5 to 10 Hz; this applies both for people with normal vision and those with CFL. In the periphery, it is easier to see lines that are oriented parallel with respect to the visual field meridian. We have shown that this directional bias is present for both resolution and detection tasks in the periphery, even when the asymmetric optical errors are minimized. For accurate evaluation of peripheral vision, we therefore recommend using gratings that are oriented oblique to the visual field meridian. The directional bias may have implications in how peripheral image quality affects myopia progression. Another proof that peripheral vision can influence central visual function is the fact that, when the stimulus extent was increased beyond the fovea, the blur in the stimulus was less noticeable.Denna forskning handlar om att utvärdera synen i periferin. Vår perifera syn är ovärderlig i det dagliga livet. Målsättningen med denna avhandling är dels att utveckla metoder speciellt lämpade för perifer synutvärdering och dels att mäta hur olika synfunktioner varierar över synfältet. Resultaten har tillämpning både inom synrehabilitering för personer med centraltsynfältsbortfall och inom närsynthetsforskning. Adaptiv psykofysisk metodologi baserad på Bayesiansk statistik användes vid all utvärdering av det perifera seendet. Vi implementerade en rutin för tidseffektiv mätning av perifer kontrastkänslighet och verifierade den ut till 30° i synfältet. Den perifera synen utvärderades för olika egenskaper hos objektet: skärpa, rörelse, riktning och utbredning. Skärpan kontrollerades med hjälp av adaptiv optik och/eller glasögonkorrektion speciellt anpassad för den perifera synvinkeln. Vi fann att många periferasynfunktioner förbättras av optisk korrektion, särskilt för personer med centralt synfältsbortfall. Vi hittade även förbättringar i periferkontrastkänslighet för låga ortsfrekvenser när objektet modulerades med hastigheter mellan 5 och 10 Hz, vilket gäller både normalseende och personer med centralt synfältsbortfall. I periferin är det lättare att se linjer som är orienterade parallellt med synfältsmeridianen. Vi har visat att denna riktningsbias gäller både för upplösning och detektion i periferin, även när de asymmetriska optiska felen minimeras. För bästa mätnoggrannhet rekommenderar vi därför att använda randmönster som ligger snett relativt synfältsmeridianen. Denna riktningsbias skulle även kunna påverka hur den perifera bildkvalitén inverkar på utvecklingen av närsynthet. Ytterligare ett bevis för att perifer syn kan påverka den centrala synfunktionen är att, när objektets utbredning ökades, uppfattade personen det som mindre suddigt.
QC 20160826
18
Minnaar, I. A. (Ingrid Ane). "Seasonal metabolic adjustments and partitioning of evaporative water loss in Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat,Epomophorus Wahlbergi." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41369.
Full textAbstract:
4
Summary
Seasonal metabolic adjustments and partitioning of evaporative water loss in Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus wahlbergi
Student: Ingrid A. Minnaar
Supervisor: Prof. A. E. McKechnie
Co-supervisors: Prof. N. C. Bennett, Prof. Christian T. Chimimba
Department: Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria
Degree: MSc: Zoology
The capacity to thermoregulate over a wide range of TaS is critical for maintaining homeostasis in endotherms. Several aspects of the thermoregulatory properties of bats remain poorly studied when compared to other mammals and birds. I examined two specific aspects of thermoregulation in bats: the seasonal variation of maximum metabolic heat production and the partitioning of total evaporative water loss (TEWL) into respiratory and cutaneous components. I measured basal metabolic rate (BMR) and summit metabolism (Msum) in captive and wild Wahlberg’s epauletted fruit bats, Epomophorus wahlbergi, during summer and winter. I measured metabolic rate using flow-through respirometry, and elicited Msum by exposing bats to low temperatures in a helox (21% O2, 79% He) atmosphere. BMR decreased by 22-25% during winter in both captive and wild bats, with the BMR of captive bats 9-13% lower than the wild individuals across seasons. Msum was approximately seasonally stable in both captive and wild bats, but Msum in captive individuals was 13-18% higher than their wild conspecifics during both seasons. The ratio between Msum and BMR (i.e., metabolic expansibility) was greater in winter than during summer for both captive and wild bats. One likely explanation for the greater resting thermogenic capacity of the bats in captive individuals concerns their reduced activity levels; compared to wild, free-ranging bats, heat produced as a by-product of activity probably contributed far less to thermoregulation, apparently leading to an increase in resting heat production capacity in captive individuals. 5
At the other end of the thermal scale, knowledge of heat tolerance and the evaporative cooling mechanisms employed by bats in hot weather remains rudimentary. At high air temperatures (Ta), endotherms avoid overheating by dissipating heat via evaporative water loss. TEWL may be partitioned into cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL) and respiratory evaporative water loss (REWL). I quantified CEWL and REWL in E. wahlbergi at Tas of 10-40 °C using a latex mask. When Ta exceeded normothermic Tb, bats drastically increased their TEWL, metabolic rate and Tb. The relative contribution of CEWL to TEWL was the greatest at moderate Tas where it represented up to 80% of TEWL. REWL was the major route of evaporative cooling at the highest Ta: at Ta = 40 ºC, REWL represented 45% of TEWL. To avoid hyperthermia, E. wahlbergi greatly increased metabolic rate at high TaS to avoid hyperthermia, further compounding the need to cool down. REWL is thought to be less efficient as than CEWL in offloading heat at high TaS as panting increases metabolic heat, whereas CEWL occurs passively. There is a need for further studies to be conducted on the thermoregulatory capabilities of bats in varying environmental conditions, both intra- and interspecifically.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Zoology and Entomology
unrestricted
19
Spackman, Brian P. "Effect of Manufacturing Processes on the Loss Factor and Other Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Composites." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4256.
Full textAbstract:
Kenaf fibers have mechanical properties making them a good candidate to replace glass fibers in composites. This research investigates kenaf fiber-reinforced composites, examining the effect of cure time, density, matrix hardener ratio, surface treatment, and fiber length on the mechanical properties of the composite material such as natural frequency, damping loss factor, and tensile modulus. These are essential characteristics for many manufacturing parts and products, but are not well known for natural fiber-reinforced composite materials since interest in utilizing natural fibers for composites is in the infancy phase and determining properties is difficult. Natural fibers display properties similar to glass fibers, and present a more environmentally friendly option for manufacturing composite materials. By studying published research on the topic and experimenting with different methods, a consistent procedure for manufacturing composites was developed and several samples were created for testing these parameters. These samples were subjected to a vibrational test using an impact hammer and accelerometer. Through the half-power bandwidth method and other relationships, mechanical properties were extracted from the test to study the effect of each manufacturing process. Samples were found to exhibit repeatable mechanical properties after approximately 150 hours following removal from the oven. Increasing the pressure applied during the cure cycle results in higher densities, which increases loss factors and tensile moduli, and lowers natural frequencies. The matrix hardener ratio also affects these properties in a similar way. High hardener ratios result in a more brittle material that dampens less but generally has a higher stiffness. Models predict that a chemical surface treatment should decrease the loss factor due to a better fiber-matrix bond, resulting in less sliding and friction. However, testing showed the opposite result with treated fibers exhibiting higher amounts of damping. Fiber length was also tested, though the results showed a less prominent effect.
20
Sharma, Bed Prasad. "Effect of sonication on thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of epoxy resin." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/113.
Full textAbstract:
Epoxy resin is an important engineering material in many industries such as electronics, automotive, aerospace, etc not only because it is an excellent adhesive but also because the materials based on it provide outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Epoxy resin has been proved to be an excellent matrix material for the nanocomposites when including another phase such as inorganic nanofillers. The properties of a nanocomposite material, in general, are a hybrid between the properties of matrix material and the nanofillers. In this sense, the thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of a nanocomposite may be affected by the corresponding properties of matrix material. When the sonication is used to disperse the nanofillers in the polymer matrix, with the dispersal of the nanofillers, there comes some modification in the matrix as well and it finally affects the properties of nanocomposites. In this regard, we attempted to study the thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties of EPON 862 epoxy resin where ultrasonic processing was taken as the effect causing variable. Uncured epoxy was subjected to thermal behavior studies before and after ultrasonic treatment and the cured epoxies with amine hardener EPICURE 3223 (diethylenetriamine) after sonications were tested for mechanical and dynamic properties. We monitored the ultrasonic processing effect in fictive temperature, enthalpy, and specific heat capacity using differential scanning calorimetry. Fictive temperature decreased whereas enthalpy and specific heat capacity were found to increase with the increased ultrasonic processing time. Cured epoxy rectangular solid strips were used to study the mechanical and dynamic properties. Flexural strength at 3% strain value measured with Dillon universal testing machine under 3-point bending method was found to degrade with the ultrasonic processing. The storage modulus and damping properties were studied for the two samples sonicated for 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Our study showed that the 60 minutes sonicated sample has higher damping or loss modulus than 120 minutes sonicated sample.
21
Harty, Tyler. "Effects of Atomic Oxygen on the Vacuum-Induced Mass Loss Properties of a Variety of Spacecraft Materials." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1788.
Full textAbstract:
The space environment influences spacecraft design and material selection in many ways. Two aspects of the space environment that were of interest for this research are the vacuum and atomic oxygen (AO) environments. This project used the outgassing testing chamber and the AO chamber in the Cal Poly Space Environments lab to test multiple common spacecraft materials and determine whether AO affects the outgassing properties of those materials. This research has relevant applications in the design and material selection for spacecraft in low-Earth orbits. AO and outgassing are both known to be individual contributors of spacecraft material mass loss and degradation, but laboratory tests on the synergy are rare. ASTM E595 standardized test procedures were used to determine the Total Mass Loss (TML) and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM) values for each material, at which point the test group of materials were subjected to AO exposure according to ASTM E2089 while the control group remained under similar vacuum and temperature conditions. Finally, all of the materials were subjected to a second ASTM E595 test. The results show a statistically significant effect of AO on some materials' outgassing properties. In particular, three of the four silicone materials tested showed a lower TML for the AO exposed group compared to the control group which can be explained by the glassification of silicone due to AO exposure. This explanation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. More testing is recommended to confirm the trends found during the testing and to re-test the materials whose wide variation in outgassing values prevented conclusions from being drawn.
22
Simmons, Jed. "OPTICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC CRYSTAL LASER MATERIALS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4123.
Full textAbstract:
Historically ceramic crystal laser material has had disadvantages compared to single crystal laser material. However, progress has been made in the last decade and a half to overcome the disadvantages associated with ceramic crystal. Today, because of the promise of ceramic crystal as a high power laser material, investigation into its properties, both physical and optical, is warranted and important. Thermal expansion was measured in this thesis for Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) ceramic crystal using an interferometric method. The interferometer employed a spatially filtered HeNe at 633 nm wavelength. Thermal expansion coefficients measured for the ceramic crystal samples were near the reported values for single crystal Nd:YAG. With a similar experimental setup as that for the thermal expansion measurements, dn/dT for ceramic crystal Nd:YAG was measured and found to be slightly higher than the reported value for single crystal. Depolarization loss due to thermal gradient induced stresses can limit laser performance. As a result this phenomenon was modeled for ceramic crystal materials and compared to single crystals for slab and rod shaped gain media. This was accomplished using COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB. Results indicate a dependence of the depolarization loss on the grain size where the loss decreases with decreased grain size even to the point where lower loss may be expected in ceramic crystals than in single crystal samples when the grain sizes in the ceramic crystal are sufficiently small. Deformation-induced thermal lensing was modeled for a single crystal slab and its relevance to ceramic crystal is discussed. Data indicates the most notable cause of deformation-induced thermal lensing is a consequence of the deformation of the top and bottom surfaces. Also, the strength of the lensing along the thickness is greater than the width and greater than that due to other causes of lensing along the thickness of the slab. Emission spectra, absorption spectra, and fluorescence lifetime were measured for Nd:YAG ceramic crystal and Yb:Lu2O3 ceramic crystal. No apparent inhomogeneous broadening appears to exist in the Nd:YAG ceramic at low concentrations. Concentration and temperature dependence effects on emission spectra were measured and are presented. Laser action in a thin disk of Yb:Y2O3 ceramic crystal was achieved. Pumping was accomplished with a fiber coupled diode laser stack at 938 nm. A slope efficiency of 34% was achieved with maximum output energy of 28.8 mJ/pulse.Ph.D.
Department of Physics
Sciences
Physics PhD
23
Zhang, Yitian. "STUDIES TO IMPROVE EXHAUST SYSTEM ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE BY DETERMINATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPEDANCE OPTIMIZATION." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/77.
Full textAbstract:
It is shown that the relationship between an impedance change and the dynamic response of a linear system is in the form of the Moebius transformation. The Moebius transformation is a conformal complex transformation that maps straight lines and circles in one complex plane into straight lines and circles in another complex plane. The center and radius of the mapped circle can be predicted provided that all the complex coefficients are known. This feature enables rapid determination of the optimal impedance change to achieve desired performance.
This dissertation is primarily focused on the application of the Moebius transformation to enhance vibro-acoustic performance of exhaust systems and expedite the assessment due to modifications. It is shown that an optimal acoustic impedance change can be made to improve both structural and acoustic performance, without increasing the overall dimension and mass of the exhaust system. Application examples include mufflers and enclosures. In addition, it is demonstrated that the approach can be used to assess vibration isolators. In many instances, the source properties (source strength and source impedance) will also greatly influence exhaust system performance through sound reflections and resonances. Thus it is of interest to acoustically characterize the sources and assess the sensitivity of performance towards source impedance. In this dissertation, the experimental characterization of source properties is demonstrated for a diesel engine. Moreover, the same approach can be utilized to characterize other sources like refrigeration systems. It is also shown that the range of variation of performance can be effectively determined given the range of source impedance using the Moebius transformation.
This optimization approach is first applied on conventional single-inlet single-outlet exhaust systems and is later applied to multi-inlet multi-outlet (MIMO) systems as well, with proper adjustment. The analytic model for MIMO systems is explained in details and validated experimentally. The sensitivity of MIMO system performance due to source properties is also investigated using the Moebius transformation.
24
Dhameri, Sulaiman Ali A. "Rheological Properties and Decomposition Rates of Gellan Gum." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1562780919692096.
Full text
25
Williams, Paul Timothy. "Acoustic performance of dissipative and hybrid silencers in ducts with large transverse dimensions." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13745.
Full textAbstract:
Numerical models will be developed for the prediction of silencer transmission loss under the operating conditions present in gas turbine exhausts. In these systems the large diameter ducts and high operating temperatures produce a challenging acoustic environment due to the unverified behaviour of fibrous materials at high temperatures and the existence of complex sound fields. To understand the behaviour of fibrous materials at high temperatures their bulk acoustic properties are measured using a modified impedance tube which can heat material samples up to a temperature of 500 C. It will be demonstrated that the high temperature material properties can be extrapolated from room temperature measurements given knowledge of the temperature dependant flow resistivity. Finite element numerical models using point collocation and mode matching techniques to predict the transmission loss of silencers are developed and successfully validated. Dissipative silencer designs with various cross-sectional designs are explored numerically and experimentally according to common industry standards. It is demonstrated that transmission loss may be optimised by the arrangement of the fibrous material across the cross-section. The accurate numerical models allow for effe cient silencers to be designed reducing silencer size and cost. A new hybrid silencer is presented combining dissipative and reactive elements with the aim of increasing the low frequency attenuation of large silencers while maintaining an effective broadband spectrum. Measurements and predictions show this innovative design to be successfull. Application of the hybrid silencer allows for more flexible noise control solutions when design is limited by low frequency noise.
26
Wang, Yun-Yu. "Investigation of the optical properties of Bi₂Sr₂Can-1CunOy (n=1,2) by transmission electron energy loss spectroscopy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38983.
Full text
27
Pfeiffenberger, Janne Akseli. "Biomechanical control mechanisms and morphology for locomotion in challenging scenarios." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/476333.
Full textAbstract:
BiologyPh.D.
Everyday ecologically relevant tasks that affect organismal fitness, such as foraging, reproduction, predator avoidance, and escape responses, rely upon successful locomotion. The effectiveness of animal locomotion depends on many underlying factors, such as the morphology of the locomotor limbs, which evolved to fulfill specific locomotor tasks. Besides morphology, the material properties of the limbs also play a crucial role in locomotion. The skeletal structures of locomotor limbs must be able to withstand the repeated stresses that come with locomotion, either on land or underwater, as they use their limbs to generate propulsive forces. The natural environment animals move in is complex and dynamic, as various conditions crucial to locomotor performance can change unexpectedly. Perturbations to locomotor stability can take different forms, such as elevation changes, obstacles, substrate changes, and slipping. To maintain stable locomotor performance in these environments, animals rely on locomotor control mechanisms to counteract destabilizing effects of locomotor perturbations. In this Dissertation, I investigated the biomechanical control mechanisms and morphological adaptations during locomotion in challenging locomotor scenarios. Over the course of three chapters, the goals were to: 1) explore the effects of limb loss on a side-ways running sprint specialist, the Atlantic ghost crab, 2) determine the response and control mechanisms that allow ghost crabs overcome slip perturbations, and 3) to describe the pelvic morphology of bottom-walking Antarctic plunderfish and compare the pelvic morphologies among multiple species of nothenioids that do not bottom-walk. This study demonstrates the robustness of Atlantic ghost crabs to limb loss and slip perturbations. Paired limb removals resulted in a pattern of kinematic adjustments, which reduced locomotor performance by up to 25%, which was dependent on specific limbs being lost. I suggest that these limbs serve more important limb functions that can’t be replaced by the remaining limbs, however the loss of these particular limbs also results in re-patterning of limb relationships, which may reveal a neural component that may be the cause of decreased locomotor performance. Slip perturbations on the other hand were found to not have any significant effects on the locomotor performance of ghost crabs. Kinematics remained constant as ghost crabs traversed the slip surface, suggesting that ghost crabs may rely on feedforward control to overcome slip perturbations, however further studies measuring neural activity are required to confirm our finding. Most importantly though this chapter demonstrates and corroborates the role of momentum and how it allows animals to overcome perturbations. The last chapter investigated the pelvic morphology and material properties of fin rays in bottom walking fish. The Antarctic plunderfish was found to possess high flexural stiffness in its pelvic fin rays, which likely facilitate the bottom walking behavior in this species. Other, non-bottom walking notothenioids did not have fin rays of similar stiffness. Pelvic plate morphology was not different between species, however there were stark differences in mineralization. The bottom-walking fish had higher bone mineral density compared to the other species analyzed in this chapter. I also found mineralization patterns which seem to align with muscle fiber alignment of the major pelvic muscles, suggesting that these regionalized increases in stiffness provide stability while allowing for a lightweight pelvic plate.
Temple University--Theses
28
Nguyen, Gia Huynh Truong. "Evaluating soil erodibility parameters with mini-JET under various soil moisture conditions." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34526.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Aleksey Y. Sheshukov
Soil erosion is one of the main reasons for agricultural land degradation in the world. Losses of land because of high soil erosion rates and rapidly expanding population result in significant reduction of cultivated land area per capita, and shortage of food on the global scale. Soil erosion can be a major source of sediment in the aquatic systems leading to reduction of organism population and poor water quality. Many factors affect soil erodibility, such as, soil properties, rainfall, topographic features, land use, and management practices, among others. The impacts of soil moisture content, however, are not well understood and. therefore, the primary goal of this study was to quantify two soil erodibility parameters, the erodibility coefficient and critical shear stress, under different soil moisture conditions using the jet erosion test (JET). The JET test uses the apparatus (called mini-JET) that creates an impinging jet of water into the soil and records the resulting scour depth over time. The scour depth time series are then fitted into a non-linear soil erosion equation, yielding the sought values of erodibility parameters. For this study, more than 40 soil samples were collected from several sites in Kansas, processed, and prepared to conduct JET tests in the lab setting. The effects of tillage and soil moisture content were of interest to this study. The results showed varied effects of soil type and sample soil moisture condition on the scour depth development and parameters sensitivity. The critical shear stress decreased and the erodibility coefficient increased with the increase of initial moisture content for clay loam soil, while critical shear stress did not change for sandy loam soil. The study also revealed higher erosive properties of soil collected from the tilled field compared to the no-till field.
29
Xu, Shuangyan. "Evaluating Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Electrically Conductive Adhesives for Electronic Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27112.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and gain a better understanding of the short-term impact performance and the long-term durability of electrically conductive adhesives for electronic interconnection applications. Three model conductive adhesives, designated as ECA1, ECA2 and ECA3, supplied by Emerson & Cuming, were investigated, in conjunction with printed circuit board (PCB) substrates with metallizations of Au/Ni/Cu and Cu, manufactured by Triad Circuit Inc.
Effects of environmental aging on the durability of conductive adhesives and their joints were evaluated. All the samples for both mechanical tests and thermal tests were aged at 85%, 100%RH for periods of up to 50 days. Studies of bulk conductive adhesives suggested that both plasticization, which is reversible and further crosslinking and thermal degradation, which are irreversible, might have occurred upon exposure of ECAs to the hot/wet environment. The durability of electrically conductive adhesive joints was then investigated utilizing the double cantilever beam (DCB) test. It was observed that the conductive adhesive joint was significantly weakened following hydrothermal aging, and there was a transition from cohesive failure to interfacial failure as aging continued. A comparative study of the durability of different conductive adhesive and substrate metallization combinations suggested that the resistance of the adhesive joints to moisture attack is related to the adhesive properties, as well as the substrate metallizations. It was noted that the gold/adhesive interface had better resistance to moisture attack than the copper/adhesive interface. A reasonable explanation of this phenomenon was given based upon the concept of surface free energy and interfacial free energy. XPS analysis was performed on the fractured surfaces of DCB samples. For adhesive joints with copper metallization, copper oxide was detected on the failed surfaces upon exposure of the conductive adhesive joints following aging. XPS analysis on the fractured surfaces of adhesive joints with Au metallization suggested that diffusion of Cu to the Au surface might have happened on the Au/Ni/Cu plated PCB substrates during aging.
The impact performance of conductive adhesives was quantitatively determined using a falling wedge test. This unique impact resistance testing method could serve as a useful tool to screen conductive adhesives at the materials level for bonding purpose. Moreover, this test could also provide some useful information for conductive adhesive development. This study revealed that the viscoelastic energy, which is a result of the internal friction created by chain motions within the adhesive material, played an important role in the impact fracture behavior of the conductive adhesives. This study also demonstrated that the loss factor, evaluated at the impact environment conditions, is a good indicator of a conductive adhesive's ability to withstand impact loading.Ph. D.
30
Torruella, Besa Pau. "Development of novel EELS methods to unveil nanoparticle properties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666906.
Full textAbstract:
[eng] The aim of this thesis has been two-fold. First, to develop new processing and analysis tools and strategies for extracting information from EELS data, and second, to apply the methods to different nanoparticle systems to shed light to relevant phenomena related to their synthesis and properties. In this regard, chapter 1 presented and overview of the EELS fundamentals and of the state of the art of the technique. Chapter 2 was focused on the advanced computational methods related to EELS data analysis. Moreover, the application of cluster analysis to EELS was introduced, showing its possibilities as an image segmenting and phase identification tool. The following chapters were devoted to the investigation of different material science problems related to NPs that take advantage of the capabilities of quantitative EELS.
The results were grouped by increasing complexity of the performed analysis, with chapter 3 devoted to characterizations that were mainly carried out using EELS elemental mapping, chapter 4 being related to ELNES analysis and chapter 5 to EELS tomography.
In chapter 2, the adaptation of data clustering algorithms to the analysis of EELS data, developed within the scope of the present thesis, has been undertaken.
In chapter 3.1 the organic synthesis of FeOx@SiO2 NPs was assessed. Several findings were obtained through the HRTEM, STEM-HAADF and EELS characterization of the FeOx@SiO2 NPs at different stages of its synthesis.
In chapter 3.2, concerning Au-Ag-Se and the Au-Ag-S system cation exchange reactions several findings were made.
Chapter 4 was devoted to the characterization of different NPs with an emphasis on the direct observation the oxidation state of its constituents through EELS. In chapter 4.1, the synthesis of MnOx/Fe3O4 core/shell NPs was assessed. In chapter 4.2, the measurement of oxidation state at atomic resolution in spinel crystals was proposed as a method to assess cation inversion in the crystal. The necessary methods were developed and applied to iron oxide/manganese oxide core/shell NPs.
Chapter 5 was devoted to the combination of EELS and tomography. In chapter 5.1 the synthesis of cobalt oxide/cobalt ferrite (CoO@CFO) core/shell NPs and cobalt oxide/manganese ferrite (CoO@MFO) NPs was investigated. Chapter 5.2 was focused on the achievement of an oxidation state-sensitive tomographic reconstruction.[cat] L’adveniment de la nanotecnologia està portant amb ell l’aparició d’una gran quantitat de nous materials, compostos i aplicacions. En el seu desenvolupament, sovint té lloc fenomenologia sorprenent, o encara no ben entesa. Per omplir aquest forats en el nostre coneixement i poder desenvolupar noves aplicacions és de vital importància esbrinar la configuració estructural i química a nivell subnanomètric d’aquests components. Per la seva gran resolució espacial, la microscòpia electrònica de transmissió ha esdevingut una eina indispensable en aquest context. A més, en un microscopi electrònic es poden combinar una gran varietat de tècniques que poden donar una quantitat d’informació enorme. Una d’aquestes tècniques és l’espectroscòpia de pèrdua d’energia dels electrons (EELS). Aquesta tècnica ha permès en els últims anys el mapejat d’elements químics i ions columna atòmica per columna atòmica, arribant a uns dels nivells més íntims als que es pot conèixer la matèria en estat sòlid. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat fer ús de l’EELS i d’altres tècniques emprades en microscòpia electrònica per entendre els processos químics que tenen lloc en diferents síntesis de nanopartícules. En aquest procés s’han desenvolupat també una sèrie d’eines enfocades al processat de les dades d’EELS ja sigui per a facilitar la seva interpretació, limitar problemes derivats de la seva adquisició (i. e. soroll) o calcular propietats concretes del material estudiat. A més aquesta tècnica s’ha combinat amb mètodes de reconstrucció 3D per obtenir una informació completa dels sistemes estudiats.
31
Karlsson, Linda. "Transmission Electron Microscopy of 2D Materials : Structure and Surface Properties." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127526.
Full textAbstract:
During recent years, new types of materials have been discovered with unique properties. One family of such materials are two-dimensional materials, which include graphene and MXene. These materials are stronger, more flexible, and have higher conductivity than other materials. As such they are highly interesting for new applications, e.g. specialized in vivo drug delivery systems, hydrogen storage, or as replacements of common materials in e.g. batteries, bulletproof clothing, and sensors. The list of potential applications is long for these new materials. As these materials are almost entirely made up of surfaces, their properties are strongly influenced by interaction between their surfaces, as well as with molecules or adatoms attached to the surfaces (surface groups). This interaction can change the materials and their properties, and it is therefore imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms. Surface groups on two-dimensional materials can be studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), where high energy electrons are transmitted through a sample and the resulting image is recorded. However, the high energy needed to get enough resolution to observe single atoms damages the sample and limits the type of materials which can be analyzed. Lowering the electron energy decreases the damage, but the image resolution at such conditions is severely limited by inherent imperfections (aberrations) in the TEM. During the last years, new TEM models have been developed which employ a low acceleration voltage together with aberration correction, enabling imaging at the atomic scale without damaging the samples. These aberration-corrected TEMs are important tools in understanding the structure and chemistry of two-dimensional materials. In this thesis the two-dimensional materials graphene and Ti3C2Tx MXene have been investigated by low-voltage, aberration-corrected (scanning) TEM. High temperature annealing of graphene covered by residues from the synthesis is studied, as well as the structure and surface groups on single and double Ti3C2Tx MXene. These results are important contributions to the understanding of this class of materials and how their properties can be controlled.
32
Jalilikashtiban, Reza. "Structural and compositional properties of semiconductor quantum dots and nanocrystals." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/structural-and-compositional-properties-of-semiconductor-quantum-dots-and-nanocrystals(ceb22d89-7ed7-4c54-9d4c-612a9331404d).html.
Full textAbstract:
The research carried out here employed analytical and imaging transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy to gain a good understanding of local structure and composition of semiconductor nanocrystals and quantum dots for electronics and optoelectronics applications. One of the world's most advanced analytical scanning transmission electron microscopes in the field, the Daresbury SuperSTEM, was used to scrutinise the structure and composition of the samples. Three nanostructure systems are investigated in this thesis: 1. Structures consisting of Ge-nanocrystals (NCs) in alumina. Here HRTEM suggests relaxed and twinned smaller NCs grown annealed at lower temperature compared to elongated non-faulty bigger NCs annealed at higher temperature. HRTEM also suggests a polycrystalline structure of the matrix. 2. With regards to the InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) the study aims in particular at elucidating QD formation by investigating samples grown with and without growth interrupt (GI). Diffraction contrast TEM shows formation of buried dots in the sample prepared with GI whereas for the sample without GI the immediate growth of GaAs after InAs inhibits diffusion and segregation of In adotoms, and no footprint of buried dots has been observed. HRTEM and HAADF show coherent QDs in the sample with GI and abrupt InAs/GaAs interfaces in the sample without GI. In executing energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) and geometric phase analysis (GPA) the distribution of In in InGaAs/GaAs QDs has been obtained in samples grown in the critical thickness regime for quantum dot formation. The highest In percentage achieved in the dots grown with a nominal fraction of 100% was ~70%. EELS shows variations in the In concentration within the QD structure and wetting layer 3. In the case of Er-doped Si-NCs in silica this research tries to provide an understanding of structure, composition and position of excess Si and Er in the silica matrix of materials prepared under different growth conditions and to correlate this information with the PL emission, all with the aim to find preparation routes for optimum optical efficiency for applications of this materials system in silicon photonics. High spatial correlation between Si-NCs, Er and O in the Er and Si co-implanted sample with strong indication of an Er-oxide/Si core-shell structure had been found. The lack of an Er-oxide plasmon indicates, however, that the shell structure and its interface with the SiNCs is highly defective and a likely cause for non-radiative recombination. The sample with similar excess Er and Si concentrations but prepared in a two-stage implantation and annealing process shows a 10 times improvement in the optical emission. Here no spatial correlation between Er and Si-NCs was found in core loss EELS. EELS and HAADF evidenced more highly, near-atomically dispersed Er in the matrix with no formation of a core-shell structure as compared to the co-implanted sample. No footprint of Er-silicide plasmon was observed by low loss valence band EELS investigation in the co-implanted sample.
33
Korte, David M. "Landslide Distribution and Susceptibility, Material Properties, and Soil Loss Estimates for the Drift Creek Watershed (Siletz River), Lincoln County, Oregon." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531746833259716.
Full text
34
Shields, Kelly J. "The Development of a Multi-Directional Wear Apparatus and the Characterization and Correlation of Biomechanical and Biotribological Properties of Bovine Articular Cartilage." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1271.
Full textAbstract:
A multi-directional wear apparatus was developed to simulate the kinematic motion of diarthrodial joints. A comprehensive evaluation including biotribological and biomechanical characterization of articular surfaces was performed with concomitant translational and oscillating rotational motion similar to that experienced in vivo. Various system parameters were evaluated in the designed experiments including normal load magnitude (high/low), surface quality (defect/no defect), and wear pattern (with/without rotation). Biomechanical characterization was achieved through stress relaxation and dynamic cyclical testing. Quasi-linear viscoelastic theory was used to curve-fit the stress relaxation data, while the dynamic data was used to determine the dynamic properties through Fast Fourier Transform analysis and verify the assumptions posed with the QLV theory.Overall tissue compression was significantly dependent on load magnitude (pstatic was significantly dependent on surface quality (pinitial was significantly dependent on both surface quality (pComparisons of the curve-fit parameters showed a significant decrease in pre- vs post-wear elastic response, A, and viscous response, c. In addition, the short term relaxation response, τ1, showed a significant decrease between no defect (0.801 ± 0.13 sec) and a defect (0.679 ± 0.16 sec). lGlpost-wear/lGlpre-wear tan δ , was generally greater while lGl was less for those specimens experiencing rotation Qualitatively, SEM photographs revealed the mechanical degradation of the tissue surface due to wear. Surfaces with a defect had increased wear debris, which ultimately contributes to third body wear. Surfaces without a defect had preferentially aligned abrasions, while those surfaces outside the wear path showed no signs of wear.Significant correlation was detected between the μstatic and μinitial for both the nonliner viscous response, B (p2 (p<0.013 and p<0.062). Thus, the comprehensive evaluation of biomechanical and biotribological characteristics suggests the new wear regime and standardization of analysis techniques will aid in the development of functional articular repair and clinical repair techniques.
35
Tovar, Anthony Alan. "Off-axis multimode light beam propagation in tapered lenslike media including those with spatial gain or loss variation." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3839.
Full textAbstract:
The propagation of light beams in inhomogeneous dielectric media is considered. The derivation begins with first principles and remains general enough to include off-axis asymmetric multimode input beams in tapered lenslike media with spatial variations of gain or loss. The tapering of lenslike media leads to a number of important applications. A parabolic taper is proposed as a model for a heated axially stretched fiber taper, and beams in such media are fully characterized. Other models are proposed by the concatenation of a parabola with other taper functions.
36
Shirmohammadi, Maryam. "Process modelling and simulation of tissue damage during mechanical peeling of pumpkin as a tough skinned vegetable." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/67921/1/Maryam_Shirmohammadi_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Food waste is a current challenge that both developing and developed countries face. This project applied a novel combination of available methods in Mechanical, agricultural and food engineering to address these challenges. A systematic approach was devised to investigate possibilities of reducing food waste and increasing the efficiency of industry by applying engineering concepts and theories including experimental, mathematical and computational modelling methods. This study highlights the impact of comprehensive understanding of agricultural and food material response to the mechanical operations and its direct relation to the volume of food wasted globally.
37
Michaud, Alexander Page. "Experimental Investigation of Reflection of Airborne Noise at Duct Terminations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16209.
Full textAbstract:
Noise between 25-500 Hz is a common problem in Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Handbook lists values of end reflection loss (ERL), a frequency dependent parameter describing energy reflected back up a duct at a termination impedance, to help engineers design and account for noise. The ASHRAE Handbook does not account for common termination variations and only lists ERL values using octave bands down to 63 Hz. This thesis experimentally determined the ERL of a variety of rectangular duct configurations and termination conditions between 25-500 Hz. This research also compared experimental ERL results with analytic predictions and ASHRAE Handbook values. Seven duct sizes were tested, from 6X6 to 18X54 inches. Duct termination baffle hardness was varied between acoustically hard (plywood) and soft (ceiling tiles) for the 6X6, 6X10, and 6X18 ducts. Five duct termination distances above the termination baffle were tested, between flush and 1D for the 6X10 and 6X18 ducts and between flush and 5D for the 6X6 duct, where D equals the duct s effective diameter. Diffusers and flex duct configurations were installed at the end of the rigid duct to test their effect on ERL on the 6X6, 6X10, and 6X18 ducts. ERL was determined using an adaptation of the ASTM E1050 Standard, an application of the two-microphone impedance tube method. Experimental results closely conformed to analytic predictions and are an improvement over ASHRAE Handbook ERL values. The results indicate that baffle hardness has a negligible impact on ERL, which contradicts the ASHRAE assumption that diffusers that terminate in a suspended lay-in acoustic ceiling can be treated as terminating in free space. Termination distance above the baffle has a negligible impact on ERL at distances less than six inches for the 6X6 duct. Termination distances above the baffle greater than six inches exhibit limited free space ERL behavior for the 6X6 duct. The use of flex duct greatly reduces low frequency ERL and this is not accounted for by the ASHRAE Handbook. The impact from flex duct usage also negates any influence from downstream termination variations.
38
Tebcherani, Tanya Marie. "A Computational Approach to Enhance Control of Tactile Properties Evoked by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625780331134629.
Full text
39
Munzhedzi, Mukondeleli. "Effect of haverst season and ripening duration on the physico-chemical properties of new 'fuerte-type' avocando fruit selections during ripening." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1810.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc. Agriculture (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016The Agricultural Research Council-Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops (ARC-ITSC) is continuously developing new avocado selections, in order for the South African Avocado Industry (SAAI) to remain competitive in various international avocado markets. However, information on the response of some of these selections, including ‘Fuerte 2 and 4’, ‘BL1058’ and ‘H287’ to low temperature storage and ripening physiology, has not been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest season and ripening duration on the physico-chemical properties of newly developed ‘Fuerte-type’ avocado fruit selections during ripening. ‘Fuerte-type’ avocado fruit were indexed for maturity using moisture content, thereafter harvested and stored at 5.5°C for 28 days during the 2014 and 2015 harvest seasons. The experiment comprised five treatments: control (commercial ‘Fuerte’), ‘Fuerte 2 and 4’, ‘BL1058’ and ‘H287’ arranged as a factorial in a completely randomised design (RCD) with 3 replicates. The treatment factors were: (i) 2 x harvest seasons, (ii) 5 x selections and (iii) 6 x ripening days. After withdrawal from low storage temperature, fruit were ripened at ambient temperature. During ripening, the following physico-chemical properties were evaluated; external chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, mass loss, firmness, respiration rate and peel colour. Results showed that selections and harvest seasons had no significant effect (P=0.668) on the moisture content of the evaluated ‘Fuerte-type’ avocado fruit. After withdrawal from low storage temperature, there was a significant interaction (P˂0.05) between selections and harvest seasons on external chilling injury and electrolyte leakage. Results further showed that external chilling injury correlated with electrolyte leakage during both harvest seasons. Treatment factors had no significant effect (P=0.997) on mass loss. Similarly, treatment factors had no significant effect (P=0.139) on firmness. However, selection ‘H287’ had hard skin with an average firmness of 83.44 densimeter units during ripening in both harvest seasons. Treatment factors were highly significant (P˂0.05) on respiration rate. Respiration rate followed a climacteric pattern and the magnitude of climacteric peak and day of occurrence varied amongst selections during both harvest seasons. Ripening percentage differed significantly (P˂0.05) amongst harvest seasons, selections and ripening days. Treatment factors had no significant effect on lightness (P=0.711), chroma (P=0.378) and hue angle (P=0.536) skin colour parameters,however, variations were recorded as a result of the cold damage black spots. The results indicated that the ‘Fuerte-type’ avocado selections had poor storage qualities. Further studies are required to evaluate physico-chemical properties during low storage temperature and the effect of season, production conditions and maturity level on development of chilling injury. In addition, studies on application of treatments to reduce chilling injury symptoms and analysis of bioactive compounds should be considered for conclusive recommendations. Thereafter, the selections can be planted in different production regions to assess and select the best producing and quality combinations for a given region as part of phase III of the project
Agricultural Sector Education Training Authority (AgriSeta) and National Research Foundation (NRF)
40
Idrobo, Juan Carlos. "A study of the electronic structure and the effects of oxygen on the superconducting properties of MgB₂ by electron energy loss spectroscopy /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full text
41
Lee, Ryan Thomas. "Modulation of Keratin Biomaterial Formulations for Controlled Mechanical Properties, Drug Delivery, and Cell Delivery Applications." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1385549579.
Full text
42
Meng, Han. "Acoustic properties of novel multifunctional sandwich structures and porous absorbing materials." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC008/document.
Full textAbstract:
La mise en oeuvre de matériaux acoustiques est une méthode efficace et très utilisée pour réduire le bruit le long de sa propagation. Les propriétés acoustiques de nouvelles structures sandwich multifonctionnelles et de matériaux absorbants poreux sont étudiées dans la thèse. Les principales contributions de la thèse sont les suivantes: Les panneaux sandwich ont généralement d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et un bon indice de perte en transmission sonore (STL), mais aucune capacité d'absorption acoustique. De nouvelles structures sandwich multifonctionnelles sont développées en intégrant des microperforations et des matériaux absorbants poreux aux panneaux sandwich ondulés et en nid d’abeilles conventionnels, structurellement efficaces pour obtenir de bons STL et de bonnes absorptions en basses fréquences. Le coefficient d'absorption acoustique (SAC) et la perte en transmission (STL) des panneaux sandwich ondulés sont évalués numériquement et expérimentalement en basse fréquence pour différentes configurations de perforations. Les modèles éléments finis (EF) sont construits en tenant compte des interactions vibro-acoustiques sur les structures et des dissipations d'énergie, visqueuse et thermique, à l'intérieur des perforations. La validité des calculs FE est vérifiée par des mesures expérimentales avec les échantillons testés obtenus par fabrication additive. Par rapport aux panneaux sandwich ondulés classiques sans perforation, les panneaux sandwich perforés (PCSPs) avec des perforations dans leur plaque avant présentent non seulement un SAC plus élevé aux basses fréquences, mais aussi un meilleur STL, qui en est la conséquence directe. L'élargissement des courbes des indices d’absorption et de transmission doit être attribué à la résonance acoustique induite par les micro-perforations. Il est également constaté que les PCSPs avec des perforations dans les plaques avant et les parois internes onduleés ont les fréquences de résonance les plus basses de tous les PCSPs. En outre, les performances acoustiques des panneaux sandwich en nid d'abeilles avec une plaque avant microperforée sont également examinées. Un modèle analytique est présenté avec l'hypothèse que les déplacements des deux plaques sont identiques aux fréquences inférieures à la fréquence de résonance des plaques. Le modèle analytique est ensuite validé par des modèles d'éléments finis et des résultats expérimentaux existants. Contrairement aux panneaux sandwich en nid d'abeilles classiques qui sont de piètres absorbeurs de bruit, les sandwichs en nid d'abeilles perforés (PHSPs) conduisent à un SAC élevé aux basses fréquences, ce qui entraîne en conséquence un incrément dans le STL basse fréquence. Les influences de la configuration du noyau sont étudiées en comparant les PHSPs avec différentes configurations de noyaux en nids d'abeilles. […]Implementation of acoustic materials is an effective and popular noise reduction method during propagation. Acoustic properties of novel multifunctional sandwich structures and porous absorbing materials are studied in the dissertation. The main contributions of the dissertation are given as, Sandwich panels generally have excellent mechanical properties and good sound transmission loss (STL), but no sound absorption ability. Novel multifunctional sandwich structures are developed by integrating micro perforations and porous absorbing materials to the conventional structurally-efficient corrugated and honeycomb sandwich panels to achieve good SAC and STL at low frequencies. Low frequency sound absorption and sound transmission loss (STL) of corrugated sandwich panels with different perforation configurations are evaluated both numerically and experimentally. Finite element (FE) models are constructed with considerations of acousticstructure interactions and viscous and thermal energy dissipations inside the perforations. The validity of FE calculations is checked against experimental measurements with the tested samples provided by additive manufacturing. Compared with the classical corrugated sandwich panels without perforation, the perforated corrugated sandwich panels (PCSPs) with perforations in its face plate not only exhibits a higher SAC at low frequencies but also a better STL as a consequence of the enlarged SAC. The enlargement of SAC and STL should be attributed to the acoustical resonance induced by the micro perforations. It is also found that the PCSPs with perforations in both the face plates and corrugated cores have the lowest resonance frequencies of all the PCSPs. Besides, the acoustic properties of honeycomb sandwich panels with microperforated faceplate are also explored. An analytical model is presented with the assumption that displacements of the two faceplates are identical at frequencies below the faceplate resonance frequency. The analytical model is subsequently verified by finite element models and existing experimental results. Unlike classical honeycomb sandwich panels which are poor sound absorbers, perforated honeycomb sandwiches (PHSPs) lead to high SAC at low frequencies, which in turn brings about increment in the low frequency STL. Influences of core configuration are investigated by comparing PHSPs with different honeycomb core configurations. In order to enlarge the SAC bandwidth of perforated sandwich panels, porous absorbing materials are added to the cores of novel perforated sandwich panels. FE models are set up to estimate the SAC and STL of perforated sandwich panels with porous materials. Results show that perforated sandwich panels with porous material can provide SAC with broader bandwidth and lower resonance frequency than that without porous materials. Whereas the peak values in the SAC and STL curves are reduced due to the weakened acoustical resonance by the porous materials. […]
43
Heazel, Thomas Edward. "Cell wall sulfur distribution in sulfonated southern pine latewood." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5786.
Full text
44
Khair, Ro’aa Mohammed Jafar Mohammed Mohammed. "Comparative in vitro study of selected physical properties of Activa, Cention N and Vitremer." University of the Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8144.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD)Background: This study aimed to determine the association between dimensional change and surface roughness (Ra) of Vitremer, Activa and Cention N after immersing them into two different media: acidic and artificial saliva media for the period of a year. Measurements were made at 10 time intervals during the observation period. Methodology: This was a quantitative and qualitative study. For the quantitative part, a total of 60 specimens were tested, 20 specimens for each material. The 20 specimens were further divided into 10 specimens. Ten were immersed in acidic media and the rest in saliva media. A measurement of the weight, height, and Ra was carried out as follows: day 0, day 1, day 2, day 7, day 21, day 28, day 60, day 90, day 180 and day 365. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface of each material qualitatively pre and post immersion in the two media. For fluoride measurements, an additional five samples from each material were left suspended in the de-ionized water by the use of dental floss. The materials were moved to new specimen jars after the completion of day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 28. All the specimen jars had been kept for the fluoride measurements. Results: Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Linear regression analysis was used to measure the association between weight, height or surface roughness (Ra) and immersion time for a year. The result of this test showed that Vitremer had a significant association between the weight (p = 0.000), height (p = 0.007) and Ra (p = 0.001) when it was immersed in acidic media. On the other hand, when Vitremer was immersed in saliva media, only the weight variable showed a significant association (p = 0.002). For Cention N, significant association was found for only Ra when immersed in acidic media (p = 0.000). Finally, for Activa, all the studied associations; the weight, height and Ra in both media were found to be insignificant. For saliva media, there was a significant weight change between the three materials during all 10 periods of time (p = 0.000). In the first six months, Cention N demonstrated a significant increase in weight changes followed by Vitremer, then Activa. Yet, after a year, the difference between Cention N and Vitremer became insignificant and Activa showed the least weight changes. There was not a significant difference between the materials in terms of height and Ra measurements. The fluoride experiment was not successful due to technical issues during pH measurements of the collected solutions. For comparison of the studied parameters between the three materials, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. In acidic media, there was a significant difference between the materials in term of weight change in 10 periods of time (p = 0.000). In particular, after a two month period, Cention N had the highest weight, followed by Vitremer and then by Activa. The difference between Vitremer and Activa became insignificant throughout the rest of the experimental time frame. All the height measurements between the three materials were found to be insignificant except for day 365 (p = 0.048), where both Activa and Cention N were found to be significantly higher than Vitremer. For the Ra comparison, in the first two weeks, particularly day 1, 7 and 14, Cention N had significantly the lowest Ra among the other materials. As the three materials aged in the acidic media (day 180), Vitremer had significantly the highest Ra values. Cention N showed higher Ra values than Activa; nonetheless this difference was not significant. The SEM images showed loss of some particles in all post-experimental images of the materials in acidic media. Vitremer showed the widest cracks with the loss of fillers. In saliva media, there was also loss of particles but to a lesser extent than in acidic media. Yet, the post-experimental image of Activa in saliva resembled the pre-experimental one. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the best material to resist Ra from prolonged acidic attack was Activa followed by Cention N and then Vitremer. Except for Vitremer, no significant changes in the Ra of the other materials were detected when the three materials were immersed in saliva media in the long term. In acidic media Vitremer tended to lose weight and height faster than Cention N and Activa over a year. Cention N is the best material to resist dimensional change. However, in artificial saliva Vitremer gained water rapidly. Activa did not absorb a lot of water and did not reject a lot of water; Activa demonstrated good dimensional stability and this property may be beneficial when compared to the other two materials tested. The clinical significance of the study: All the materials studied were subjected to dimensional and Ra changes following long-term exposure to acidic substances, but the newer materials (Cention N and Activa) seemed to be more dimensionally stable and resistant to Ra changes than the older, well-known material (Vitremer). This may influence a clinician’s choice of restorative material for use in pediatric dentistry.
45
Mantheni, Dhruthiman Reddy. "NOVEL SOLIS STATE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS, POLYMERS AND VARIOUS CHEMICALS BY THERMAL AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1356019701.
Full text
46
Bobe, Bedadi Woreka. "Evaluation of soil erosion in the Harerge region of Ethiopia using soil loss models, rainfall simulation and field trials." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26929.
Full textAbstract:
Accelerated soil erosion is one of the major threats to agricultural production in Ethiopia and the Harerge region is not exceptional. It is estimated that about 1.5 billion tones of soil is being eroded every year in Ethiopia. In the extreme cases, especially for the highlands, the rate of soil loss is estimated to reach up to 300 t ha-1yr-1 with an average of about 70 t ha -1yr-1 which is beyond any tolerable level. The government have made different attempts to avert the situation since 1975 through initiation of a massive program of soil conservation and rehabilitation of severely degraded lands. Despite considerable efforts, the achievements were far bellow expectations. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of some soil properties, rainfall intensity and slope gradients on surface sealing, soil erodibility, runoff and soil loss from selected sites in the Harerge region, eastern Ethiopia, using simulated rainfall. Soil loss was also estimated for the sites using Soil Loss Estimation Model for Southern Africa (SLEMSA) and the Universal soil Loss Equation (USLE). Moreover, the effectiveness of various rates and patterns of wheat residue mulching in controlling soil loss was also evaluated for one of the study sites, (i.e. Regosol of Alemaya University), under both rainfall simulation and field natural rainfall conditions. For most of the erosion parameters, the interaction among soil texture, slope gradient and rainfall intensity was significant. In general however, high rainfall intensity induced high runoff, sediment yield and splash. The effect of slope gradients on most of the erosion parameters was not significant as the slope length was too small to bring about a concentrated flow. The effect of soils dominated by any one of the three soil separates on the erosion parameters was largely dependent on rainfall intensity and slope gradient. The soils form the 15 different sites in Harerge showed different degrees of vulnerability to surface sealing, runoff and sediment yield. These differences were associated with various soil properties. Correlation of soil properties to the erosion parameters revealed that aggregate stability was the main factor that determined the susceptibility of soils to sealing, runoff and soil loss. This was in turn affected by organic carbon content, percent clay and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Soils with relatively high ESP such as those at Babile (13.85) and Gelemso (7.18) were among the lowest in their aggregate stability (percent water stable aggregates of 0.25 –2.0mm diameter); and have highest runoff and sediment yield as compared to other soils in the study. Similarly, most of those soils with relatively low ESP, high organic carbon content (OC%) and high water stable aggregates such as Hamaressa, AU (Alemaya University) vertisol and AU regosol were among the least susceptible to sealing and interrill erosion. Nevertheless, some exceptions include soils like those of Hirna where high runoff was recorded whilst having relatively high OC%, low ESP and high water stable aggregates. Both the SLEMSA and USLE models were able to identify the erosion hazards for the study sites. Despite the differences in the procedures of the two models, significant correlation (r = 0.87) was observed between the values estimated by the two methods. Both models estimated higher soil loss for Gelemso, Babile, Karamara and Hamaressa. Soil loss was lower for Diredawa, AU-vertisol and AU-Alluvial all of which occur on a relatively low slope gradients. The high soil loss for Babile and Gelemso conforms with the relative soil erodibility values obtained under rainfall simulation suggesting that soil erodibility, among others, is the main factor contributing to high soil loss for these soils. The difference in the estimated soil losses for the different sites was a function of the interaction of the various factors involved. Though the laboratory soil erodibility values were low to medium for Hamaressa and Karamara, the estimated soil loss was higher owing to the field topographic situations such as high slope gradient. SLEMSA and USLE showed different degrees of sensitivities to their input variables for the conditions of the study sites. SLEMSA was highly sensitive to changes in rainfall kinetic energy (E) and soil erodibility (F) and less sensitive to the cover and slope length factors. The sensitivity of SLEMSA to changes in the cover factor was higher for areas having initially smaller percentage rainfall interception values. On the other hand, USLE was highly sensitive to slope gradient and less so to slope length as compared to the other input factors. The study on the various rates and application patterns of wheat residue on runoff and soil loss both in the laboratory rainfall simulation and under field natural rainfall conditions revealed that surface application of crop residue is more effective in reducing soil loss and runoff than incorporating the same amount of the residue into the soil. Likewise, for a particular residue application method, runoff and soil loss decreased with increasing application rate of the mulch. However, the difference was not significant between 4 Mg ha-1 and 8 Mg ha-1 wheat straw rates suggesting that the former can effectively control soil loss and can be used in areas where there is limitation of crop residues provided that other conditions are similar to that of the study site (AU Regosols). The effectiveness of lower rates of straw (i.e. less than 4 Mg ha-1 ) should also be studied. It should however be noted that the effectiveness of mulching in controlling soils loss and runoff could be different under various slope gradients, rainfall characteristics and cover types that were not covered in this study. Integrated soil and water conservation research is required to develop a comprehensive database for modelling various soil erosion parameters. Further research is therefore required on the effect of soil properties (with special emphasis to aggregate stability, clay mineralogy, exchangeable cations, soil texture and organic matter), types and rates of crop residues, cropping and tillage systems, mechanical and biological soil conservation measures on soil erosion and its conservation for a better estimation of the actual soil loss in the study sites. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bobe, BW 2004, Evaluation of soil erosion in the Harerge region of Ethiopia using soil loss models, rainfall simulation and field trials, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08022004-141533 / >Thesis (PhD (Soil Science))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
47
Haapakangas, J. (Juho). "Coke properties in simulated blast furnace conditions:investigation on hot strength, chemical reactivity and reaction mechanism." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213842.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The blast furnace – basic oxygen furnace route remains the most utilised process route in the production of steel worldwide. Coke is the main fuel of the blast furnace process, however, coke producers and blast furnace operators are facing significant challenges due to increased demands on coke quality and decrease of prime coking coals. The estimation of coke performance in the industrial process through accurate laboratory analyses is of increasing importance. In this doctoral thesis, the aim was to study phenomena related to coke properties and its analysis methods in blast furnace simulating conditions. A new method was introduced to measure the hot strength of coke using a Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator. The hot strengths of industrial cokes were determined at various temperatures and several coke properties, which were believed to affect hot strength, were determined. The effect of H₂ and H₂O in the blast furnace shaft gas were determined in relation to coke reactivity, threshold temperature, and the gasification mechanism. The results obtained by this thesis show that the Gleeble device is suitable for study of coke hot strength. The coke strength was significantly decreased for all three coke grades at temperatures of 1600 °C and 1750 °C when compared to room temperature or 1000 °C. The deformation behaviour of coke was fragile up to 1000 °C, but became at least partially plastic at 1600 °C, and the plasticity further increased at 1750 °C. Notable changes were observed in the deformation behaviour between coke grades at high temperatures. The presence of H₂ and H₂O in the BF shaft gas strongly increased coke reactivity and changed the reaction mechanism of coke to be more surface centric in a specific temperature range. The reactivity of coke in the conditions 100 vol-% CO₂ did not directly correlate with reactivity in a simulated blast furnace shaft gas, which suggest that the widely utilised CRI test does not accurately estimate coke reactivity in the industrial blast furnace processTiivistelmä Masuuni – konvertteri yhdistelmä on edelleen käytetyin prosessireitti teräksen tuotantoon ympäri maailman. Koksi on masuunin tärkein polttoaine. Koksintuottajat ja masuunioperaattorit ovat suurten haasteiden edessä johtuen koksin kasvaneista laatuvaatimuksista ja parhaiden koksautuvien kivihiilten ehtymisestä. Koksin suoriutumisen arviointi masuunin olosuhteissa tarkoilla laboratorioanalyyseillä on yhä merkittävämmässä roolissa. Tässä väitöskirjassa tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa koksin ominaisuuksista ja sen analyysimenetelmistä simuloiduissa masuunin olosuhteissa. Uusi metodi esitettiin koksin kuumalujuuden määrittämiseksi Gleeble 3800 termomekaanisella simulaattorilla. Teollisten koksilaatujen kuumalujuuksia määritettiin eri lämpötiloissa ja useita koksin mitattiin, joilla uskottiin olevan vaikutus kuumalujuuteen. Lisäksi työssä tutkittiin masuunin kuilun kaasuatmosfäärissä H2 ja H2O kaasujen vaikutusta koksin kemialliseen reaktiivisuuteen, kaasuuntumisen kynnyslämpötilaan ja reaktiomekanismiin. Tässä työssä esitetyt tulokset osoittavat että Gleeble soveltuu koksin kuumalujuuden määritykseen. Koksin lujuus aleni merkittävästi kaikilla kolmella koksilaadulla kuumennettaessa 1600 ja 1750 °C lämpötiloihin verrattuna huoneenlämpötilaan tai 1000 °C lämpötilaan. Koksin muodonmuutos oli haurasta aina 1000 °C lämpötilassa, mutta muuttui osittain plastiseksi 1600 °C lämpötilassa ja plastisuus kasvoi kun lämpötilaa nostettiin 1750 °C:een. Huomattavia eroja havaittiin eri koksilaatujen muodonmuutoskäyttäytymisessä korkeissa lämpötiloissa. H₂ ja H₂O kaasujen läsnäolo kuilun kaasuatmosfäärissä kasvatti voimakkaasti koksin reaktiivisuutta ja muutti kaasuuntumismekanismia pintakeskisemmäksi rajatulla lämpötila-alueella. Koksin reaktiivisuus 100 % CO₂ kaasussa ei korreloinut suoraan simuloidun masuunin kuilun kaasuatmosfäärin kanssa. Tämä tulos indikoi sitä että maailmalla yleisesti käytetty CRI testi ei ennusta tarkasti koksin reaktiivisuutta masuunissa
48
Haddad, Ola. "The effects of burn severity on soil properties : Infiltration rate, moisture, grain size distribution and carbon content Hälleskogsbrännan as an example." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135798.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on soil hydrological parameters that are expected to be related to burn severity in forests; infiltration rate, soil moisture, grain size distribution and carbon content along a burn severity gradient in Västmanland Sweden, where a major fire occurred in 2014. Hälleskogsbrännan was divided into two burn severities: a moderate severity and a high severity, and a control area. Ten soil samples were taken for laboratory analyses at each severity level. Soil moisture and infiltration rate was measured in situ. Infiltration rates and soil moisture were highest in the most severely affected site, whereas fire effects on soil texture were insignificant. Soil organic carbon content was highest at the low fire severity site, followed by control and high severity fire sites. Inorganic carbon content followed the opposite trend. These results had clear trends but were insignificant, this call for more comprehensive sampling to separate possible confounding site effects.
49
BANERJEE, SIDDHARTHA. "OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND POPULATION STATISTICS OF ERBIUM IN OPTICALLY-PUMPED ERBIUM-DOPED ZINC SILICATE GERMANATE WAVEGUIDE AMPLIFIERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100892919.
Full text
50
Ovsík, Jiří. "Sledování elektrických vlastností nanokompozitních materiálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219642.
Full textAbstract:
The present work deals with the electrical properties of nanocomposite materials. Samples for the experiment are made of epoxy resin as a matrix and oxides TiO2, Al2O3, WO3, SiO2 as nanofillers in 0.5 and 1 percent performance. The experimental samples are measured in temperature and frequency dependence of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, rezistivity and are broken down by the influence of filler on the electrical properties of the polymer. Attention is also paid to the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.