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Academic literature on the topic 'Properties'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Properties"

1

Malviya, Hitesh, and Pratiksha Malviya. "Review Paper on Properties of Properties of Concrete using Steel Fiber Waste." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd22858.

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Özcan, Musa. "Antifungal properties of propolis." Grasas y Aceites 50, no. 5 (October 30, 1999): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i5.685.

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Chotěborský, R., P. Hrabě, and M. Müller. "Properties of martensitic overlays." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2126-rae.

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The abrasive wear resistance of martensitic overlays is the function of many variables. The hardness is one of the variables. This fact is raised by the possibility of carbidic phases separating from the austenite in the course the overlay layer cooling and by the possibility of the further martensite disintegration and carbidic phases precipitation. The paper is engaged in the hardness and abrasive wear resistance problems of one-layer martensitic overlays.

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Grevel, Klaus-Dieter, Wolf-Achim Kahl, Juraj Majzlan, Alexandra Navrotsky, Christian Lathe, and Thomas Fockenberg. "Thermodynamic properties of magnesiochloritoid." European Journal of Mineralogy 17, no. 4 (July 25, 2005): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0587.

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Sinha, Dr Deepa A. "Thermal Properties of Concrete." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2014/27.

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Roziqova, Gulbakhor, and Sokhibjamol Allonova. "LINGUCULTUROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PROVERBS." Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 02, no. 06 (June 1, 2022): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-02-03-19.

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Dos Santos, Andre, Marcos Dias, and David Antonelli. "Combustion Properties of Several Species of WoodCombustion Properties of Several Species of Wood." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2009): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.03.177.

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Mesoporous niobium oxide (Nb2O5) was synthesized and treated with naphthalene sulfonated formaldehyde resin (NSF) solution. These new inorganic-organic hybrid composites were characterized by different techniques. Results indicated that the pores of the nanostructured material are filled with the NSF resin with changes in the morphology and thermal properties of the mesoporous Nb2O5

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Janyška, Josef. "Geometrical properties of prolongation functors." Časopis pro pěstování matematiky 110, no. 1 (1985): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cpm.1985.118224.

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Zelinka, Bohdan. "Two local properties of graphs." Časopis pro pěstování matematiky 113, no. 2 (1988): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cpm.1988.118337.

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Novák, Vítězslav. "Some properties of lattice homomorphisms." Časopis pro pěstování matematiky 114, no. 2 (1989): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cpm.1989.108712.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Properties"

1

MARSALA, Valentina. "STUDY OF CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN INDUSTRIAL BIOCHAR." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90992.

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Johansson, Anna. "Correlations between fibre properties and paper properties." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-49859.

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The understanding of what properties the fibre should have in order to give the right end-product paper properties, along with the type of processing, is a subject for a lot of research and development. Today the ability to measure fibre properties on-line is widely used for pulps. It is often necessary to measure many properties and variables in a process. The data collected is therefore almost always multivariate. It is very hard to analyse process data due to a lot of noises. Correlations between fibre and paper properties are hard to find, but this does not mean that correlations do not exist. Fibre properties, measured by the pulp analyser PulpEye, were investigated and correlations to paper properties were studied. The work was divided into three different studies. Study 1 was an investigation of historical process data, in study 2 pulp samples from the production was analysed and study 3 was a refiner setting trial, were different refiner segments, flows through refiners and intensities were studied. Both the group-plots and MVDA’s based on the historical process data in study 1, showed that the Scott Bond was increased with increased amount of kinks and curl for the unbleached pine pulp (softwood pulp). Coarseness measurements, made in the study of historical data, indicated that the coarseness was varying in such a large extent that it was believable that it had effects in the papermaking process. Another interesting fibre property, investigated in the refiner setting trial, was crill. The amount of crill is said to have strong correlation to paper strength. The analysis showed that the incoming pulp had different amount of crill and that the amount of crill after the refiners also was varying for the different samples. The development of crill at different kappa numbers and for pulps refined with different segments and refiner strategies should be further investigated. In this work it has been difficult to find correlations between fibre properties and paper properties in the refiner setting trial. This could have been due to small variations of the different parameters. This work showed that the normal production can be handled very well and variations are rather small. It can be seen though, that problems do appear when parameters are deviating from the normal case. An efficient way to work is to do measurements when the incoming pulp parameters are deviating. It should also be more investigated how the most common deviating pulp parameters should be handled in the refining process and at the board machine. The communication between the pulp production and the board machines is recommended to be further developed, especially when the pulp production have disturbances that can be affecting the refining and further the board production.

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Papapanayotou, I. "Chemical properties and optical properties of carbonaceous particles." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383288.

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Sen, M. "Study of magnetic, electric and thermal properties in Fe3Se4 system: Interplay of spin, charge and phonon." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2017. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5870.

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Bailey, Bradley S. "I-weight, special base properties and related covering properties." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/BAILEY_BRADLEY_37.pdf.

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Amthor, Stephan. "Redox properties of Bis-Triarylamines and ligand properties of Thianthrenophane." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=978743768.

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Glyn, Aneirin. "Relative properties, and near metric properties of a function space." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249394.

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Conca, Luca. "Mechanical properties of polymer glasses : Mechanical properties of polymer glasses." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1050/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente des récentes extensions au modèle PFVD, basé sur l'hétérogénéité de la dynamique des polymères vitreux à l'échelle de quelques nanomètres et résolu par simulation en 3D, afin de fournir une description physique unifiée des propriétés mécaniques et dynamiques des polymères vitreux soumis à déformation plastique. Trois sujets principaux sont traités : La plastification. Sous déformation, les polymères atteignent le seuil de plasticité (yield) à quelques pourcents de déformation et quelques dizaines de MPa. Nous proposons que l'énergie élastique absorbée à l'échelle des hétérogénéités dynamiques accélère la dynamique locale. On observe contraintes ultimes de quelques dizaines de MPa à quelques pourcents de déformation et que la plastification est due à un nombre relativement petit d'événements locaux. Il a été observé que la dynamique devient plus rapide et homogène dans le régime plastique et que la mobilité moyenne atteint une valeur stationnaire, linéaire avec le taux de déformation. Nous proposons que la contrainte locale stimule la diffusion de monomères des domaines lents à ceux rapides (mécanisme de facilitation) et accélère dynamique locale. Ceci permets d'observer l'homogénéisation de la dynamique, avec des caractéristiques proches de l'expérience. L'écrouissage, dans les polymères enchevêtrés ou réticulés. A grande déformation, la contrainte augmente avec une pente caractéristique d'ordre 10 – 100 MPa au-dessous de la transition vitreuse. De manière analogue à une théorie récente, nous proposons que la déformation locale oriente les monomères dans la direction d'étirage et ralentie la dynamique, suite à l'intensification des interactions locales. Les modules d'écrouissage mesurés, les effets de la réticulation et du taux de déformation sont comparables aux données expérimentales. En outre, on trouve que l'écrouissage a un effet stabilisateur sur les phénomènes de localisation et sur les bandes de cisaillement
This manuscript presents recent extensions to the PFVD model, based on the heterogeneity of theh dynamics of glassy polymers at the scale of a few nanometers et solved by 3D numerical simulation, which aim at providing a unified physical description of the mechanical and dynamical properties of glassy polymers during plastic deformation. Three main topics are treated: Plasticization. Under applied deformation, polymers undergo yield at strains of a few percent and stresses of some 10 MPa.We propose that the elastic energy stored at the scale of dynamical heterogeneities accelerates local dynamics. We observe yield stresses of a few 10 MPa are obtained at a few percent of deformation and that plastification is due to a relatively small amount of local yields. It has been observed that dynamics becomes faster and more homogeneous close to yield and that the average mobility attains a stationary value, linear with the strain rate. We propose that stress-induced acceleration of the dynamics enhances the diffusion of monomers from slow domains to fast ones (facilitation mechanism), accelerating local dynamics. This allows for obtaining the homogeneisation of the dynamics, with the same features observed during experiments. Strain-hardening, in highly entangled and cross-linked polymers. At large strain, stress increases with increasing strain, with a characteristic slope (hardening modulus) of order 10 – 100 MPa well below the glass transition. Analogously to a recent theory, we propose that local deformation orients monomers in the drawing direction and slows dows the dynamics, as a consequence of the intensification of local interactions. The hardening moduli mesured, the effect of reticulation and of strain rate are comparable with experimental data. In addition, strain-hardening is found to have a stabilizing effect over strain localization and shear banding

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Yang, Huade. "Relationships between petrophysical properties and petrographic properties of reservoir rocks /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Kelly, Alexander J. "Properties and powers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3156/.

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This thesis concerns the relation between the fundamental properties and the powers they confer. The views considered are introduced in terms of their acceptance or rejection of the quiddistic thesis. Essentially the quiddistic thesis claims that properties confer the powers they do neither necessarily nor sufficiently. Quidditism is the view that accepts the quiddistic thesis. The other two views to be considered, the pure powers view and the grounded view reject the quiddistic thesis. The pure powers view supports its denial of the quiddistic thesis with the claim that properties consist in conferring the powers they do; the possession of a property just is the possession of a power. The grounded view, the positive view of this thesis, rejects the idea that properties are constituted by conferring the causal powers they do. Rather on the grounded view, it is the natures of the fundamental properties that metaphysically explain why they confer the powers they do.

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Books on the topic "Properties"

1

H, Mellor D., and Oliver Alex, eds. Properties. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Marcus, Y. Ion properties. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997.

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I, Prigogine, and Rice Stuart Alan 1932-, eds. Surface properties. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1996.

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Wilhelm, Emmerich, and Trevor Letcher, eds. Volume Properties. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782627043.

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Koohgilani, Mehran. Materials properties. Poole: Bournemouth University, 2001.

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Mack, Lorrie. Uncommon properties. London: Macdonald, 1989.

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Independent Research & Information Service., ed. Default properties. Los Angeles (2221 Barry Ave., Los Angeles 90064): Independent Research & Information Service, 1990.

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T, Popp, and European Geophysical Society. General Assembly, eds. Geomaterial properties. Oxford, England: Pergamon, 2000.

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Carty, Peter. Fibre properties. 2nd ed. Gosforth: Formword, 1994.

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Hillier Parker May & Rowden (Firm), ed. Specialised properties. London: Hillier Parker, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Properties"

1

Colom, J. M., M. Silva, and E. Teruel. "Properties." In Petri Nets for Systems Engineering, 53–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05324-9_6.

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Witczak, Zbigniew J. "Properties." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 885–905. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_26.

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Witczak, Zbigniew J. "Properties." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 1445–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_33.

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Witczak, Zbigniew J. "Properties." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 1883–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_44.

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Holst, Otto. "Properties." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 2097–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_50.

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Wittmann, Valentin. "Properties." In Glycoscience: Chemistry and Chemical Biology I–III, 2289–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56874-9_55.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Properties." In C# 8 Quick Syntax Reference, 91–95. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-5577-3_15.

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Banin, Uri, Oded Millo, Stefanie Dehnen, Andreas Eichhöfer, John F. Corrigan, Olaf Fuhr, Dieter Fenske, Kerstin Blech, Melanie Homberger, and Ulrich Simon. "Properties." In Nanoparticles, 371–454. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631544.ch5.

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Olsson, Mikael. "Properties." In C# 7 Quick Syntax Reference, 87–91. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3817-2_15.

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Berns, Hans, Valentin Gavriljuk, and Sascha Riedner. "Properties." In High Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steels, 85–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33701-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Properties"

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Woodham, Robert J. "Determining scene properties from image properties." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tub2.

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The central task in image understanding is to determine scene properties from image properties. This is difficult because the problem, formally posed, is underconstrained. Methods that infer scene properties from image properties make assumptions about how the world determines what we see. In remote sensing, some of these assumptions can be dealt with explicitly. Available scene knowledge, in the form of a digital terrain model and a ground cover map, is used to synthesize an image for a given date and time. The scene radiance equation used assumes that the multispectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the surface is separable and is based on simple models of direct sun illumination, diffuse sky illumination, and atmospheric path radiance. Synthesis predicts how the surface will look. Unknown parameters of the model are estimated from the real image. The process iterates since comparison of the real and synthetic images contributes to an emerging description of the particular scene in view. A statistical comparison of the real image and the synthetic image is used to judge how well the model represents the mapping from scene to image. The image itself becomes the unifying representation to compare the scene against what is seen.

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Baghmar, Deoshree, Varsha R. Mehto, N. K. Gaur, D. C. Gupta, P. Predeep, S. Prasanth, and A. S. Prasad. "Structural Properties of CsI." In THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND DEVICES: IVth National Conference on Thermophysical Properties - NCTP'07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2927572.

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McDonald, J. K., C. R. Christensen, and Ramarao Inguva. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azulene." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf7.

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Malcuit, Michelle S., Robert W. Boyd, Daniel J. Gauthier, Martti Kauranen, and Wayne R. Tompkin. "Polarization Properties of Nonlinear Optical Materials." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.wb6.

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Nonlinear optical interactions can depend in a complicated manner on the state of polarization of the incident optical waves. For the case of isotropic nonlinear optical materials, the third order nonlinear polarization is expressed in terms of two parameters A and B describing the material system and can be written as1,2 (1) where E → is the total field incident upon the medium. In this paper we present the results of investigations of the polarization properties of phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in fluorescein-doped boric acid glass and in sodium vapor utilizing the 3S1/2→6S1/2 two-photon allowed transition. We find that these two materials can be used for a vector phase conjugation. Vector phase conjugation (VPC) corrects for both wavefront and polarization distortions upon double pass through an aberrating medium.3

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Tombrello, Joseph F., Ramarao Inguva, and C. M. Bowden. "Nonlinear Effects of Quantum Confinement Composite Materials in Planar Waveguide Structures." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf14.

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Waveguide structures which utilize dielectric and quantum confinement nonlinearities in the guide or cladding are currently receiving great attention due to the potential for fast response times and switching1. We consider here the case of planar waveguide structures consisting of alternating layers of Gal-xAlxAs with varying aluminum concentration in a stepwise fashion to form the waveguide and the cladding, but with alternate layers of etched GaAs/Gal-xAlxAs multiple quantum well material as remote cladding. The latter thus form a remote cladding composite material for electronic quantum confinement in GaAs quantum dots. Using a generalization of a method discussed by Walpita2, the effects of the nonlinear cladding on the modes of the waveguide are studied as a function of the thickness of the nonlinear layer, the intensity of the electric field, and the change in the refractive index due to the variation in the aluminum concentration. The effects on the propagation of the electromagnetic field due to the nonlinear cladding are studied under the slowly varying envelope approximation using a variation of the Crank-Nicholson method3 to solve the nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Results will be presented for a model nonlinear (intensity dependent) dielectric constant with absorption.

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Singer, Kenneth D. "Optical Nonlinearities of Guest-Host-Polymer Structures." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mb4.

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Until recently, attempts to take advantage of the large second-order optical nonlinearities of certain conjugated organic molecules in devices were limited to neat crystalline materials, since the requirements for a noncentrosymmetric bulk phase could be met with molecular and polymeric crystals that happen to condense in a noncentrosymmetric point group.[1] The large dipoles that are often observed in these molecules made the growth of optical quality and robust crystals difficult. More recently, mixed systems consisting of the nonlinear optical molecules incorporated into polymer glasses, liquid crystals, and liquid crystal polymers have been investigated.[2] The difficulties in processing that are required to obtain optical quality materials are reduced. For second-order nonlinearities, an alignment process, such as electric field poling, is required to break the center of symmetry inherent in these materials. However, the reduction in number density and alignment attainable with realistic poling fields requires molecules with exceptionally large nonlinear optical susceptibilities in order to obtain bulk materials with nonlinear coefficients large enough to produce sensible devices.

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Boothroyd, S. A., J. Chrostowski, and M. S. O'Sullivan. "Two-Wave Mixing in Saturable Absorbers and Ranging Applications." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf4.

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When two coherent light beams overlap in a saturable absorber, the materials refractive index is altered in phase with the light intensity distribution and a volume phase and/or absorption grating is created. A frequency shift introduced on one of the beams causes the fringe pattern to move. In materials with a finite response time, τ, a phase lag between the grating and the intensity pattern is produced and exchange of energy between the beams can occur.

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Sipe, J. E. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Periodic Composite Materials." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tue1.

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The propagation of light through linear materials characterized by a periodic dielectric function is well understood in terms of the optical band structure that results. Even if the underlying materials are nondispersive, wave packets suffer dispersion due to the effect of the periodicity, and there are band gaps where light cannot propagate through the material and the reflectivity rises to unity.

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Ricard, D., F. Hache, P. Roussignol, and C. Flytzanis. "Optical Nonlinearities of Composite Materials." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.tud4.

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The implementation of promising applications of nonlinear optics in the optoelectronics field depends on the availability of nonlinear materials possessing a large and fast nonlinear response. Research in this domain was for many years concentrated on homogeneous media, both inorganic and organic. Recently however, a few groups have studied the new properties originating from heterogeneous composite materials. Two processes may make them very attractive : local field correction and carrier confinement. We have, for example, investigated the nonlinear properties of metal colloïds (gold and silver) , whose linear properties had been extensively studied previously. Near the surface plasma resonance, their nonlinear response shows a dramatic enhancement. It is very fast (subpicosecond) and for volume fractions as small as a few 10−6 their Kerr susceptibility is of the same order of magnitude as that of CS2. This also allowed us to measure for the first time the Kerr susceptibility of these metals.

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Gilbreath, G. C., and F. M. Davidson. "Design Considerations using Two-Wave Mixing Properties of Photorefractive Materials." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf18.

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Holographic recording in photorefractive materials1 is the subject of continued interest in the areas of image enhancement, real-time spatial light modulation and amplification. One of the properties of photorefractive media where energy can be transferred from a strong "pump" beam into a weaker "signal" beam2 has come to be known as "two-wave mixing". This property holds promise as a means for providing effective energy coupling for systems where efficient use of a fixed light budget is an over-riding design requirement, such as in a spacecraft laser communications link3.

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Reports on the topic "Properties"

1

Weitzner, H. Plasma properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7297422.

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Weitzner, H. Plasma properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5705355.

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Weitzner, H. Plasma properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7105232.

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Kayser, R. F. Thermophysical properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6923283.

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Weitzner, H. Plasma properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6582157.

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Kayser, R. F. Thermophysical properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6837864.

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Weitzner, H. Plasma properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6802723.

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Tschofenig, H., and R. Graveman. RSVP Security Properties. RFC Editor, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4230.

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H. H. Liu. Calibrated Properties Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836509.

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C. Ahlers and H. Liu. Calibrated Properties Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837082.

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