Academic literature on the topic 'Proper noun identification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Proper noun identification"
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Hintikka, Jaakko. "The pragmatic fallacies of the New Theory of Reference." Pragmatics and Cognition 6, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.6.1-2.04hin.
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As is well known, according to the "new" theory of reference, the reference relation can be carried out by means of rigid designators whose relationship with the object they designate cannot be analyzed away. Moreover, the new theorists claim, the category of proper names in a natural language marks almost invariably rigid designators. In this paper, both claims are rejected. Using distinctions between the referential system (which determines which entities the primitive symbols of language refer to in each possible world) and the identification system (which determines which member of one world is identical with which member of another), and between two types of object identification (public and perspectival), it is argued that the use of a noun phrase as a rigid designator is predicated on the assumption that a language user knows who (or what) the noun phrase refers to in the actual world. The conclusion is that rigid designation is not a conceptually irreducible reference relation, nor are proper names always used as rigid designators.
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Mauri, Caterina, and Andrea Sansò. "Nouns & co. Converging evidence in the analysis of associative plurals." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 603–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0023.
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Abstract A morphosyntactic peculiarity that separates proper names from (most) other noun types is their ability to occur in a special type of plural, called associative plural, whose meaning is X and X’s associated person(s). In this paper, we apply a ‘converging evidence’ methodology to the analysis of associative plurals, by providing a diachronic typology of these plurals through the identification of the more frequent sources of associative plural markers that are attested in a sample of 80 languages, and by looking for emerging constructions for the expression of associative plurality in two corpora of English and Italian, two languages that do not have a grammaticalized way to encode this type of plurality. The analysis will show that associative plurals are likely to grammaticalize from a restricted pool of synchronic sources, and that these sources are mostly indexical sources and sources denoting the plural set, in accordance with the special semantics and referential properties of proper names.
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Syafitri, Dewi, and Maharani Robiatul Islam. "A Sociolinguistic Study on Joke In Ghostbusters 2016." Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/leea.v1i2.185.
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The objectives of the research were to describe the forms and the functions of joke in Ghostbusters 2016 movie. The researcher used descriptive qualitative method in classifying and analyzing the forms and functions of joke. Ghostbusters 2016 movie was chosen as object of the research. The researcher used documentation in collecting the data. Technique for analyzing the data was identification, classification, reduction, description and conclusion. The result of the research: 1) form; 5 words (proper noun, determiner, uncountable noun), 7 phrases (prepositional phrase, noun phrase, verb phrase), and 59 sentences (simple sentence, complex sentence, compound sentence, imperative sentence, exclamatory sentence). 2) function; joke to build sense of togetherness in informal setting that was used in close relationship 10 jokes, joke to amuse others and her or him self in informal setting that was used in close relationship 22 jokes, joke to hostile others with violent behavior and teasing in informal setting that was used in distant relationship 10 jokes. In brief, the most frequent form and function was used in Ghostbusters 2016 movie was simple sentence and using joke to amuse others and her or him self in informal setting that was used in close relationship was the most frequent used in Ghostbusters 2016 movie.
Keyword: sociolinguistics, joke, comedy movie, ghostbusters
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Yagudin, L. I. "Star Cross-Identification in Big Catalogs with Significant EPOCH Difference and without proper Motions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 165 (1997): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100047035.
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AbstractA classical task of cross-identification of stars taken from different catalogs becomes a non-trivial one in a case of very big catalogs with significant epoch difference and without proper motions. Some new concepts for this problem solution are proposed here. The method discussed was applied for the Guide Star Catalog with the Astrographic Catalogue identification. About 4.3 million stars were identified in both catalogs.
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Wixted, John T., and Gary L. Wells. "The Relationship Between Eyewitness Confidence and Identification Accuracy: A New Synthesis." Psychological Science in the Public Interest 18, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 10–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1529100616686966.
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Summary The U.S. legal system increasingly accepts the idea that the confidence expressed by an eyewitness who identified a suspect from a lineup provides little information as to the accuracy of that identification. There was a time when this pessimistic assessment was entirely reasonable because of the questionable eyewitness-identification procedures that police commonly employed. However, after more than 30 years of eyewitness-identification research, our understanding of how to properly conduct a lineup has evolved considerably, and the time seems ripe to ask how eyewitness confidence informs accuracy under more pristine testing conditions (e.g., initial, uncontaminated memory tests using fair lineups, with no lineup administrator influence, and with an immediate confidence statement). Under those conditions, mock-crime studies and police department field studies have consistently shown that, for adults, (a) confidence and accuracy are strongly related and (b) high-confidence suspect identifications are remarkably accurate. However, when certain non-pristine testing conditions prevail (e.g., when unfair lineups are used), the accuracy of even a high-confidence suspect ID is seriously compromised. Unfortunately, some jurisdictions have not yet made reforms that would create pristine testing conditions and, hence, our conclusions about the reliability of high-confidence identifications cannot yet be applied to those jurisdictions. However, understanding the information value of eyewitness confidence under pristine testing conditions can help the criminal justice system to simultaneously achieve both of its main objectives: to exonerate the innocent (by better appreciating that initial, low-confidence suspect identifications are error prone) and to convict the guilty (by better appreciating that initial, high-confidence suspect identifications are surprisingly accurate under proper testing conditions).
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Lenaerts, V., G. Kerschen, and J. C. Golinval. "Identification of a continuous structure with a geometrical non-linearity. Part II: Proper orthogonal decomposition." Journal of Sound and Vibration 262, no. 4 (May 2003): 907–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(02)01132-x.
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Bauko, Ján. "Proper names and minority language laws in Slovakia." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2021-0008.
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Abstract The use of official proper names is regulated by laws that contribute to the social codification and standardization of propria registration. The paper deals with minority language laws concerning the use of proper names of national minorities in Slovakia. The author gives an overview of the laws, or more precisely paragraphs dealing with the use of official anthroponyms, toponyms and names of institutions. In Slovakia, the largest national minority is Hungarian, so the paper gives examples of using the proper names of Hungarians living in Slovakia, that is, from Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities. In an ethnically mixed environment, the variability of the forms of propria increases, since in the official (and non-official) sphere, proper names can be used not only in the state language, but also in the minority language. In bilingual municipalities, bilingual toponyms and names of institutions appear in both languages. Members of national minorities have the option of entering a personal name in the Register Offices in their mother tongue. Minority proper names fulfil an ethno-identification function, they are a source of individual and collective identity.
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Kim, C. S., J. R. Preer, and B. Polisky. "Identification of DNA segments capable of rescuing a non-mendelian mutant in paramecium." Genetics 136, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 1325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.4.1325.
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Abstract The non-Mendelian mutant d48 of Paramecium tetraurelia contains micronuclear wild type A genes, but at autogamy and conjugation proper processing fails and new macronuclei lack A genes. When cloned A genes are injected into the macronucleus of d48, proper processing is restored at the next autogamy; d48 is rescued, becoming permanently wild type. In the present study we have injected portions of the A gene into d48. We find that the ability to rescue extends over a large portion of the gene, with highest activity near a series of 221-bp repeat units in the middle of the gene. Regions outside the A gene are inactive.
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Margarit, Ruxandra, Stefan Sorohan, Alice Tanasescu, Constantin Dăguci, and Oana Cella Andrei. "3D Analysis for Identification of the Proper Type of Post to Restore the Endodontic Treated Teeth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 658 (October 2014): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.658.441.
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Abstract. The problem of root fracture in case of prosthetically restored non-vital teeth is a common concern among clinicians. These fractures are caused by increasing the diameter of the root canal during the endodontic retreatment and occure on the dental arches in both the anterior and posterior area. Such treatment failures lead to extraction, therefore the physician’s goal is to limit as much as possible their occurrence. We used finite element analysis method to find out what type of corono-radicular restoration is more appropriate in order to avoid fractures. We selected two of the most commun posts used in our country: metallic NiCr casted RCR (corono-radicular reconstruction) and prefabricated fiberglass endodontic posts of various diameters and we analyzed the existing tensions in the dental structures that would predispose the root to fracture.
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Wang, C.-C., and C.-H. Wu. "Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve identification during robotic thyroidectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 2 (January 30, 2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114000012.
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AbstractObjective:A non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is a rare anomaly in which the nerve enters the larynx directly off the cervical vagus nerve, without descending to the thoracic level. It is very susceptible to damage during surgery. This report describes the important pre-operative radiological evaluations and surgical landmarks in a case of a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve, identified during the recently developed technique of robotic thyroidectomy.Case report:A 38-year-old woman presented with suspected papillary microcarcinoma, as indicated by aspiration cytology. Pre-operative computed tomography showed a right aberrant subclavian artery that indicated a possible right non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve. Using robotic thyroidectomy methods, it was possible to carefully dissect along the thyroid capsule. The laryngeal entrance point of the right non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (a constant anatomical landmark) was successfully identified via the three-dimensional, high-magnification views provided by the robotic endoscope.Conclusion:With proper knowledge of radiological and surgical anatomy, and the benefits of high-magnification endoscopic views, a non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve can be safely preserved during robotic surgery.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proper noun identification"
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Asian, Jelita, and jelitayang@gmail com. "Effective Techniques for Indonesian Text Retrieval." RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.084651.
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The Web is a vast repository of data, and information on almost any subject can be found with the aid of search engines. Although the Web is international, the majority of research on finding of information has a focus on languages such as English and Chinese. In this thesis, we investigate information retrieval techniques for Indonesian. Although Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world, little attention has been given to search of Indonesian documents. Stemming is the process of reducing morphological variants of a word to a common stem form. Previous research has shown that stemming is language-dependent. Although several stemming algorithms have been proposed for Indonesian, there is no consensus on which gives better performance. We empirically explore these algorithms, showing that even the best algorithm still has scope for improvement. We propose novel extensions to this algorithm and develop a new Indonesian stemmer, and show that these can improve stemming correctness by up to three percentage points; our approach makes less than one error in thirty-eight words. We propose a range of techniques to enhance the performance of Indonesian information retrieval. These techniques include: stopping; sub-word tokenisation; and identification of proper nouns; and modifications to existing similarity functions. Our experiments show that many of these techniques can increase retrieval performance, with the highest increase achieved when we use grams of size five to tokenise words. We also present an effective method for identifying the language of a document; this allows various information retrieval techniques to be applied selectively depending on the language of target documents. We also address the problem of automatic creation of parallel corpora --- collections of documents that are the direct translations of each other --- which are essential for cross-lingual information retrieval tasks. Well-curated parallel corpora are rare, and for many languages, such as Indonesian, do not exist at all. We describe algorithms that we have developed to automatically identify parallel documents for Indonesian and English. Unlike most current approaches, which consider only the context and structure of the documents, our approach is based on the document content itself. Our algorithms do not make any prior assumptions about the documents, and are based on the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm for global alignment of protein sequences. Our approach works well in identifying Indonesian-English parallel documents, especially when no translation is performed. It can increase the separation value, a measure to discriminate good matches of parallel documents from bad matches, by approximately ten percentage points. We also investigate the applicability of our identification algorithms for other languages that use the Latin alphabet. Our experiments show that, with minor modifications, our alignment methods are effective for English-French, English-German, and French-German corpora, especially when the documents are not translated. Our technique can increase the separation value for the European corpus by up to twenty-eight percentage points. Together, these results provide a substantial advance in understanding techniques that can be applied for effective Indonesian text retrieval.
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Pourchet, Mariane. "Development of non-targeted approaches to evidence emerging chemical hazard : Identification of new biomarkers of internal human exposure, in order to support human biomonitoring and the study of the link between chemical exposure and human health." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR141F.
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L’exposition de l’Homme aux contaminants chimiques présente un risque pour sa santé. Des programmes de biosurveillance sont menés dans de nombreux pays pour évaluer à la fois cette exposition, son impact en terme de santé, ainsi que l’efficacité des mesures de gestion et des dispositions réglementaires mises en place. L’Union Européenne a lancé en 2017 le projet Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) afin de consolider un réseau pan-Européen dans ce domaine, et de mieux documenter la réalité de l’exposition chimique des citoyens européens et son impact sur la santé humaine. Les approches historiquement mises en œuvre pour caractériser l’exposition, de type ciblées, sont très performantes pour rechercher et quantifier les contaminants déjà connus. En revanche, elles ne permettent pas de rendre compte de la complexité des expositions, en particulier vis-à-vis des contaminants émergents. Pour pallier ce manque d’exhaustivité, de nouvelles approches dites non-ciblées sont aujourd’hui développées. Le présent travail de thèse, inscrit dans le projet HBM4EU, a eu pour objectif le développement de stratégies analytiques non-ciblées depuis la préparation d’échantillons, leur profilage par couplage LC- et GC-HRMS, jusqu’au retraitement des données. Plusieurs matrices humaines ont été considérées avec un focus autour de l’exposition périnatale. Ce travail a abouti à une première preuve de concept démontrant la capacité de ces approches pour l’identification de composés émergent sans a priori. Ces recherches ont également permis de mettre en évidence les principaux défis associées à ces approches pour tous laboratoiresHuman exposure to chemical contaminants may impact his health. Biomonitoring programs are conducted in many countries to assess both this exposure, its consequence on human health, and the efficiency of regulatory and risk management provisions. The European Union launched the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) project in 2017 to consolidate a pan-European network in this field, and better document the reality of chemical exposure of European citizens and establish the possible link with human health. The historical approaches used to characterise the exposure, known as targeted methods, are efficient to monitor and quantify already known substances. However, they do not allow to reflect the complexity of human exposure and in particular do notcapture new contaminants of emerging concern. To overcome this lack of completeness, new approaches such as suspect and non-targeted screening are today developed. The present thesis work, part of the HBM4EU project, aimed to develop such non-targeted analytical strategies from sample preparation, LC- and GC-HRMS profiling, to data processing. Several human matrices were considered with special emphasis on perinatal exposure. This work led to a first proof-of-concept demonstrating the interest of these approaches for identifying emerging chemicals without a priori. These researches have also highlighted main challenges to be faced in the development of these approaches for all laboratories wishing to join this dynamic
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Wu, Guan-Yi, and 吳冠誼. "Proper Noun Identification Using Machine Learning – Elevate the Performance of Chinese Word Segmentation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c49qm3.
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碩士國立臺北大學
資訊管理研究所
106
In English text, words are separated by spaces or special symbols, and proper nouns begin with uppercase letters. However, the vocabulary in Chinese text does not have a clear boundary like English. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a custom lexicon to solve the problem of word segmentation and proper noun identification. Because proper nouns and unknown words are constantly growing, the cost of custom lexicon is relatively high, so machine learning methods are also used for Chinese recognition. In this study, we use LSTM as a training model, replace the punctuation of the article with a space and use it as a training data and find proper nouns in the article through deep learning. However, there are no standard answers to the predictions, so this study adds the threshold value, selects the probability matrix for each prediction, applies Bayes' theorem and multi-model to find long words, choose the one that is more likely to be the start words, forward and backward prediction result intersect, filtering the meaningless words. This study also calculates the Precision and Recall values for the proper nouns as performance indicator, and improves the word segmentation performance of Jieba on proper nouns and unknown words.
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Lee, Jen-Chang, and 李振昌. "Identification of Proper Nouns in Chinese Texts." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11628099004413252644.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程研究所
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Current computational model for Nature Language Processing tends to combine statistics-based model and rule-based model. It is easy to keep the benefits of both rule-based and statistics-based language models in such a kind of models. Word segmentation systems also tend to be implemented in this way. Although the word segmentation systems are more mature than before, there also exist an serious problem. Proper noun identification is a bottle neck and should be resolbed. In this thesis, we propose models to identify some proper nouns. The key point is feature assignment. Not only are those proper nouns identified, but also some special features are assigned. Chinese surname-names are more than the other proper nouns in general Chinese texts. We propose a new model to resolve this problem. By the way, we also assign those proper nouns features. Transliterated person-names are parts of person- names in general texts. In the view point of Chinese surname- name, the structures of transliterated person-names are more complex. We propose a complete new thinking for resolving this problem. Based on the structures of proper nouns, we know organization names are much more complex than the former two. Sometimes, an organization name may be composed of other proper nouns, e.g., Chinese surname-names, transliterated person- names, place names, and so on. In this thesis, we propose a new model to identify these proper nouns. Finally, we will demonstrate some examples to explain our approaches and discuss the experimental results.
Books on the topic "Proper noun identification"
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Milanković-Vasović, Ljiljana. Stečajni postupak. Beograd: Intermex, 2010.
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Grishman, Ralph. Information Extraction. Edited by Ruslan Mitkov. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199276349.013.0030.
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Information extraction (IE) is the automatic identification of selected types of entities, relations, or events in free text. This article appraises two specific strands of IE — name identification and classification, and event extraction. Conventional treatment of languages pays little attention to proper names, addresses etc. Presentations of language analysis generally look up words in a dictionary and identify them as nouns etc. The incessant presence of names in a text, makes linguistic analysis of the same difficult, in the absence of the names being identified by their types and as linguistic units. Name tagging involves creating, several finite-state patterns, each corresponding to some noun subset. Elements of the patterns would match specific/classes of tokens with particular features. Event extraction typically works by creating a series of regular expressions, customized to capture the relevant events. Enhancement of each expression is corresponded by a relevant, suitable enhancement in the event patterns.
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Reeves, John C., and Annette Yoshiko Reed. Enoch’s Association or Equation with Other Figures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718413.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses upon collecting the numerous texts which posit an identification of the biblical character Enoch with other similarly endowed figures occurring in later Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and non-biblical traditions. These Enoch “avatars” include Jewish celestial entities like Metatron and the so-called “YHW(H) the lesser”; the qur’ānic prophet Idrīs; Graeco-Egyptian Hermes/Thoth and Hermes Trismegistus; and the Iranian epic hero Hōshang. Other assimilations which are explored include Enoch’s possible pre-biblical identity as a rival Flood-hero prior to the introduction of the character of Noah, and Enoch’s status in certain medieval Jewish writings as a reincarnation of Adam, the first human.
Book chapters on the topic "Proper noun identification"
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Seldin, L., M. C. F. Bastos, and E. G. C. Penido. "Identification of Bacillus azotofixans nitrogen fixation genes using heterologous nif probes." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 179–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0889-5_22.
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Modolo, Rodrigo, and Ana Paula de Faria. "Specific diseases: chronic heart failure/hypertension." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Steen Kristensen, 2663–65. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0640.
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Hypertension and chronic heart failure are clinical conditions that greatly impact perioperative adverse outcomes of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Although the first does not have a major impact on morbidity and mortality, it is the most frequent condition present in these patients. The second—chronic heart failure—is increasing in prevalence, with the ageing of the population and with the identification of incipient structural cardiac abnormalities, and has a major impact on the perioperative morbidity and mortality. For those reasons, the proper identification of these conditions in the perioperative setting is imperative in order to diminish perioperative adverse events. This chapter summarizes the current indications for identification, assessment of heart function and of cardiac markers, and the therapeutic management of these patients.
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N, Umasankari, and Muthukumar B. "Secured ICA Technique on Bimodal Biometric Images Using Private Watermarking with DCT." In Intelligent Systems and Computer Technology. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc200115.
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With the discovery of paperless expensive means of internet access, network communication via social media is on the rise, which often comprises threats and distortions. Un authenticates identification may sometimes lead to ambiguities in end-user identification and misunderstandings. Therefore, proper identification of a person is a must in network communication. Image private watermarking[7][9][19] is one solution when the owner of the digital images are identified properly by embedding additional information such as a private watermark in the digital images like fingerprint and retina imperceptibly concealed inside another image. On the other hand, communication also leads to a serious surge in decompress technique on the images. This work introduces three techniques: digital watermarking, steganography, ICA[4][5][6][20][22]. Using a private watermark using the visible [9][7] and non-blind[9][19][7] technique on the photo image. Then two original fingerprints and retina images to achieve stego analysis technique to convert as a stego image. Then the stego image concealed by a watermarked photo image. Then mixing the two techniques to achieve the ICA[20][22][4][5][6] (Independent Component Analysis) for protecting data transmission. To providing compression using the IDCT (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform) technique with the key using AES[10][9][19] (Advanced Encryption Standard) 64-bit algorithm. Implementation and to determine the utilize the JAVA platform.
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Morse, Geoffrey, and Thomas Braithwaite. "6. Partnership Property." In Partnership and LLP Law, 205–28. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198832799.003.0006.
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This chapter is concerned with the identification, nature and consequences of an item being regarded as partnership property. It sets out the situations where there is a need to distinguish between partnership property and the property of an individual partner(s), including insolvency and co-ownership issues, with special reference to farming partnerships. The nature of a partner's interest in such property is considered under English law together with the rights attached to it. The limits as to what may constitute such property are followed by the statutory and contractual rules for identification. Property bought out of partnership profits and the use of non-partnership land are considered. The chapter also covers the specific problems associated with two types of asset, the leases of business premises and the concept of the goodwill of a business.
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Orozco-Alzate, Mauricio. "Recent (Dis)similarity Measures Between Histograms for Recognizing Many Classes of Plant Leaves." In Pattern Recognition Applications in Engineering, 180–203. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1839-7.ch008.
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The accurate identification of plant species is crucial in botanical taxonomy as well as in related fields such as ecology and biodiversity monitoring. In spite of the recent developments in DNA-based analyses for phylogeny and systematics, visual leaf recognition is still commonly applied for species identification in botany. Histograms, along with the well-known nearest neighbor rule, are often a simple but effective option for the representation and classification of leaf images. Such an option relies on the choice of a proper dissimilarity measure to compare histograms. Two state-of-the-art measures—called weighted distribution matching (WDM) and Poisson-binomial radius (PBR)—are compared here in terms of classification performance, computational cost, and non-metric/non-Euclidean behavior. They are also compared against other classical dissimilarity measures between histograms. Even though PBR gives the best performance at the highest cost, it is not significantly better than other classical measures. Non-Euclidean/non-metric nature seems to play an important role.
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Leong, Aliana M. W., and Xi Li. "A Study on Tourist Management in China Based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology." In Global Hospitality and Tourism Management Technologies, 12–26. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-041-5.ch002.
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a non-contact, automatic identification technology. Through its radio frequency signal, RFID offers automatic target recognition and access to relevant and without human intervention identification of work is made. RFID can work in various environments. It can identify fast moving objects and is capable of identifying multiple tags, in a rapid and convenient operation. Since the 1990s, RFID technology has been widely used in commercial, logistics, property management and other fields, but interest towards potential application to the needs of the tourism industry only began in recent years.
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Pila, Justine, and Paul L. C. Torremans. "6. Patentable Subject Matter." In European Intellectual Property Law, 139–61. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198831280.003.0006.
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This chapter considers the subject matter for which European patents may validly be granted under the European Patent Convention (EPC), and the substantive European (EPC and EU) legal principles governing their identification and conception. To this end it discusses the two-fold role of the requirement for an invention in European patent law: first, as a means of filtering protectable from non-protectable subject matter; and second, as a means of denoting the object of patent protection, i.e. that which must be new, inventive, susceptible of industrial application, and clearly and sufficiently defined and described in the patent specification, and that with reference to which the scope of the patent monopoly is defined under Article 69 EPC. It also discusses the range of public policy-based exclusions from European patentability, and their relation to the requirement for an invention itself.
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Kumar, Ritesh, Shikha Pathak, Nishant Prakash, Upasna Priya, and Abhijeet Ghatak. "Application of Spectroscopic Techniques in Early Detection of Fungal Plant Pathogens." In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97535.
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Among the plant pathogens, around 85% of diseases in plants are caused by fungi. Rapid and accurate detection of fungal phytopathogens up to the species level is crucial for the implementation of proper disease control strategies, which were previously relied on conventional approaches. The conventional identification methods have been replaced by many rapid and accurate methods like high throughput sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological and spectroscopic technique. Among these rapid pathogen detection techniques, spectroscopy is a rapid, cost-effective, non-destructive method and does not require sample preparation. Nowadays, visible, infrared and near-infrared rays are commonly employed for pathogen detection. Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Biocontrol fungus-like Trichoderma spp. can be detected with the help of MALDI-TOF MS. Fluorescence spectroscopy used fluorescence emanating from the sample and successfully used in the detection of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis). Hyperspectral imaging is an advanced approach which uses artificial intelligence in plant disease detection. This literature discusses briefly about the features of above-mentioned spectroscopy techniques which may impel the general understanding and propel the research activities.
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Jones, Nicholas K. "Verities and Truth-values." In Conditionals, Paradox, and Probability, 239–62. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712732.003.0015.
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This chapter discusses Edgington’s probabilistic, degree-theoretic semantics for vagueness. After describing Edgington’s semantics, her suggestion that it and classical semantics provide non-competing descriptions of a single phenomenon is examined. It is argued that the suggestion should be rejected because classical semantics is incompatible with plausible principles about the relationship between the two frameworks. Edgington also argues that the many degrees assigned to sentences in her semantics are not new truth-values. It is argued that these arguments presuppose a certain non-semantic conception of truth. Although Edgington’s arguments do force a distinction between two theoretical roles typically associated with the notion of truth, one properly semantic and one merely expressive, they do not preclude identification of the many degrees of her probabilistic formalism with new truth-values in the semantic sense.
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"Chapter 1. Graphematical analysis." In LINGUISTIC ANALYZER: AUTOMATIC TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE TEXTS INTO INFORMATION DATA STRUCTURE, 16–26. St. Petersburg State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288059278.02.
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Graphematical analysis marks the first stage of text processing. However, prior to it, basic text structuring takes place, resulting in the identification of paragraphs and their types, e.g. title, subtitle, author name(s), chapter and section titles, footnotes, endnotes, figures, appendices, epigraphs, etc. After that, graphematical analysis proper begins. Its aim is to decompose the flow of letter and non-letter graphemes into character strings such as individual words, abbreviations, numbers, and hybrid strings (e.g. mathematical formulae). The procedure implies an iterative process of unit assembling, from individual characters to what is called atoms, next to tokens (roughly equivalent to word occurrences), sentence parts and finally, a whole sentence. At every stage, each unit is assigned its type. Assembling relies on the rules based solely on a thorough structural analysis of context. No formal models or statistical methods are applied, this being a central principle of the linguistic analyzer, inherent in all its algorithms. At this stage, complications arise primarily through the ambiguity of punctuation marks. They are discussed at length throughout the chapter.
Conference papers on the topic "Proper noun identification"
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Sayyed, Sanah Nashir, Ajitkumar Meshram Pundge, and C. Namrata Mahender. "Text mining for proper identification of noun using Conceptual Dependency." In 2018 International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icssit.2018.8748682.
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Chen, Hsin-Hsi, and Jen-Chang Lee. "Identification and classification of proper nouns in Chinese texts." In the 16th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/992628.992669.
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Tripathy, Sakya, Edward Berger, and Kumar Vemaganti. "AFM Indentation and Material Property Identification of Soft Hydrogels." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35451.
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There is growing evidence of the importance of mechanical deformations on various facets of cell functioning. This asks for a proper understanding of the cell’s characteristics as a mechanical system in different physiological and mechanical loading conditions. Many researchers use atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation and the Hertz contact model for elastic material property identification under shallow indentation. For larger indentations, many of the Hertz assumptions are not inherently satisfied and the Hertz model is not directly useful for characterizing nonlinear elastic or inelastic material properties. We have used exponential hyperelastic material in FE simulations of the AFM indentation tests. A parameter identification approach is developed for hyperelastic material property determination from the simulated data. We collected AFM indentation data on agarose gel and developed a simple algorithm for contact point detection. The contact point correction improves the prediction of elastic modulus over the case of visual contact point identification. The modulus of 1% agarose gel was found to be about 15 kPa using the proposed correction, with mild but non-trival hardening with deeper indentation. The experimental data is compared with the results from the FE simulations and shows that over the hardening portion of the indentation response, our proposed parameter identification approach successfully captures the experimental data.
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Kamal, M. Mustafa, Christophe Duwig, Saravanan Balusamy, Ruigang Zhou, and Simone Hochgreb. "Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Non-Swirling Turbulent Stratified and Premixed Methane/Air Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26222.
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This paper reports proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analyses for the velocity fields measured in a test burner. The Cambridge/Sandia Stratified Swirl Burner has been used in various studies as a benchmark for high resolution scalar and velocity measurements, for comparison with numerical model prediction. Flow field data was collected for a series of bluff-body stabilized premixed and stratified methane/air flames at turbulent, globally lean conditions (ϕ = 0.75) using high speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (HS-SPIV). In this paper, a modal analysis was performed to identify the large scale flow structures and their impact on the flame dynamics. The high speed PIV system was operated at 3 kHz to acquire a series of 4096 sequential flow field images both for reactive and non-reactive cases, sufficient to follow the large-scale spatial and temporal evolution of flame and flow dynamics. The POD analysis allows identification of vortical structures, created by the bluff body, and in the shear layers surrounding the stabilization point. In addition, the analysis reveals that dominant structures are a strong function of the mixture stratification in the flow field. The dominant energetic modes of reactive and non-reactive flows are very different, as the expansion of gases and the high temperatures alter the unstable modes and their survival in the flow.
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Thai, My T., Ping Deng, Weili Wu, Taieb Znati, Onur Seref, O. Erhun Kundakcioglu, and Panos Pardalos. "Approximation algorithms of non-unique probes selection for biological target identification." In DATA MINING, SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION IN BIOMEDICINE. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2817340.
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Xu, Y. F., Da-Ming Chen, and W. D. Zhu. "Non-Model-Based Delamination Detection of Composite Plates Using Measured Mode Shapes." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5363.
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Delamination is one type of damage that frequently occurs in laminated composite structures, and identification of such damage has been a major research topic in the past few decades. This paper proposes an accurate non-model-based method for delamination identification of laminated composite plates. A weighted mode shape damage index is formulated using squared weighted difference between a measured mode shape of a composite plate with delamination and one from a polynomial that fits the measured mode shape of the composite plate with a proper order. Weighted mode shape damage indices associated with at least two measured mode shapes of the same mode are synthesized to formulate a synthetic mode shape damage index to exclude some false positive identification results due to measurement noise and error. An auxiliary mode shape damage index is proposed to further assist delamination identification, by which some false negative identification results can be excluded and edges of a delamination area can be accurately and completely identified. Numerical examples are presented to investigate effectiveness of the proposed method, and it is shown that edges of a delamination area in composite plates can be accurately and completely identified when measured mode shapes are contaminated by measurement noise and error.
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Britto, Larissa, and Luciano Pacífico. "Classificação de Espécies de Plantas Usando Extreme Learning Machine." In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9268.
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Plants play an important role in nature, but correct plant species identification is still a challenging task for non-specialized people. Many works have been proposed towards the development of automatic plant species recognition systems through Machine Learning methods, but most of them lack the proper experimental analysis. In this work, we evaluate the performance of a general-purpose Artificial Neural Network to perform plant classification task: the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM).We compare ELM with several classifiers from plant recognition literature by means of three real-world data sets obtained from different image processing and feature extraction processes. A statistical hypothesis test is employed to perform proper experimental evaluation.
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Musliner, David J., Timothy Woods, and John Maraist. "Identifying Culprits When Probabilistic Verification Fails." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71051.
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Automatic design verification techniques are intended to check that a particular system design meets a set of formal requirements. When the system does not meet the requirements, some verification tools can perform culprit identification to indicate which design components contributed to the failure. With non-probabilistic verification, culprit identification is straightforward: the verifier returns a counterexample trace that shows how the system can evolve to violate the desired property, and any component involved in that trace is a potential culprit. For probabilistic verification, the problem is more complicated, because no single trace constitutes a counterexample. Given a set of execution traces that collectively refute a probabilistic property, how should we interpret those traces to find which design components are primarily responsible? This paper discusses an approach to this problem based on decision-tree learning. Our solution provides rapid, scalable, and accurate diagnosis of culprits from execution traces. It rejects distractions and accurately focuses attention on the components that primarily cause a property verification to fail.
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Waiboer, Rob, Ronald Aarts, and Ben Jonker. "Modelling and Identification of a Six Axes Industrial Robot." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85088.
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This paper deals with the modelling and identification of a six axes industrial Sta¨ubli RX90 robot. A non-linear finite element method is used to generate the dynamic equations of motion in a form suitable for both simulation and identification. The latter requires that the equations of motion are linear in the inertia parameters. Joint friction is described by a friction model that describes the friction behaviour in the full velocity range necessary for identification. Experimental parameter identification by means of linear least squares techniques showed to be very suited for identification of the unknown parameters, provided that the problem is properly scaled and that the influence of disturbances is sufficiently analysed and managed. An analysis of the least squares problem by means of a singular value decomposition is preferred as it not only solves the problem of rank deficiency, but it also can correctly deal with measurement noise and unmodelled dynamics.
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Secareanu, Lucia-Oana, Irina-Mariana Sandulache, Elena-Cornelia Mitran, Mihaela-Cristina Lite, Adrian Alexandru Apostol, Ovidiu Iordache, and Elena Perdum. "Protocol for identification and assessment of natural and synthetic textile fibers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.v.12.
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Proper identification of textile materials is essential, as people use textiles for clothing and shelter, dental and medical devices, protective firefighting, or even military clothing. There have been several developments regarding fiber identification using instruments such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, or electron microscopy. However, the traditional methods are prevalent as they are the cheapest alternative. In the present paperwork, an accelerated weathering test was conducted on two different textile materials – cotton (natural fiber) and polypropylene (synthetic fiber). Alternating cycles of UV exposure, along with humidity and relatively high temperatures were employed for the weathering test. In order to evaluate the degradation degree of the two fibers, the results were compared and investigated using non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to evaluate the surface modifications of the fibers, and colorimetry, to quantify the color changes. In addition, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the modifications of functional groups that occurred after the weathering test. A non-destructive technique – X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was also performed to obtain information about the crystalline structure. The obtained information will be used for cultural heritage studies.