Journal articles on the topic 'Proper drug use'
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Kim, Su Hyun, Hye-Kyung Jung, Ein-Soon Shin, Jin Seo Lee, Yon Ju Ryu, Kyoung Sup Hong, Soo Mee Bang, et al. "Guidelines for Safe Drug Use." Korean Journal of Medicine 96, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2021.96.3.225.
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Background/Aims: In Korea, medications are available by prescription from a physician, or can be purchased over-the-counter (OTC) without a prescription. Education regarding both prescribed and OTC drugs is important to minimize side effects and avoid drug abuse. The risk of side effects due to polypharmacy is increasing due to the growing number of elderly patients with comorbidities.Methods: There are various clinical guidelines for physicians, but it is difficult for patients and their caregivers to find published guidelines regarding drug use. In this regard, experts from nine subspecialties of internal medicine, geriatric medicine, and guideline development methodology formed a working group to develop guidelines for safe drug use under the Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine.Results: The main contents of this guideline are 1) safe and effective drug administration, 2) the proper use of analgesics (acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), 3) the proper use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills to prevent drug abuse, 4) points to be aware of when taking multiple medications.Conclusions: The guidelines were developed for patients and their caregivers to understand the general principles and precautions for drug use, including commonly used painkillers, mood stabilizers, sleeping pills, and polypharmacy. These guidelines could also be used as educational materials for physicians, nurses, and healthcare workers to educate patients and their caregivers.
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Mahmood, Zahid, Muhammad Hanif Mengal, Sheraz Saleem, Haroon-ur Rashid, and Safirah Maheen. "IRRATIONAL DRUG USE;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 10 (October 6, 2017): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.10.773.
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Objectives: To evaluate drug prescribing practices at Medical Unit, ICU andNephrology Unit, using WHO prescribing indicators, in order to promote rational drug use.Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: BolanMedical Complex Hospital Quetta, Pakistan, from July to December 2015. Methodology: Drugprescribing trends in 218 prescriptions were scrutinized thoroughly. Data was collected bywell-trained pharmacy personals by using prescriptions and prescription registration booksof patients. Descriptive statistics were calculated on SPSS version 16.0. Results: The averagenumber of drugs prescribed per prescription were 4.11 whereas, WHO recommends that itshould be 2.00 or less. Alternatively, percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and froman essential drug list were 14.73% and 78.35% while, in accordance with WHO it must be 100%and 70% correspondingly. On the other hand, percentage of encounters having antibiotics orinjections prescribed were 18.33% and 32.79% but according to WHO it should be20% or lessand 10%respectively. Nevertheless, proper diagnosis was stated in 89.44% of prescriptionsand 72.11% prescriptions had complete relevance between treatment and diagnosis. Alongwith, appropriate drug dosage and their administration was instituted in 65.16% of prescriptionsand 73.21% of prescriptions had accurate duration of therapy. Conclusion: The prescribingpatterns in Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta reflect the practice of polypharmacy, whichis more of an irrational type in contrast to WHO recommendations. Thus, there is an urge tobring about some interventions to improve the pharmacotherapy.
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ISE, Yuya, Mitsuko ONDA, Yoshihiko MIURA, Machiko SHIMAZAKI, Keiko KAWADA, Ken HAGIWARA, Shirou KATAYAMA, et al. "Contributions of Pharmacists through the Promotion of Proper Drug Use." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 127, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.127.1021.
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Shimomura, Hitoshi, and Takao Aoyama. "Drug-drug Interaction and Proper Use of Therapeutic Drugs for Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Complex Disease." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 42, no. 12 (2016): 781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.42.781.
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Triyadi, Ramadhan, Akhmad Rokiban, and Anggun Carima. "EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM WISMA RINI PRINGSEWU TAHUN 2019." JFL: Jurnal Farmasi Lampung 9, no. 2 (March 13, 2021): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37090/jfl.v9i2.336.
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Abstract Hypertension is a non-communicable disease characterized by the increase of systolic blood pressure is >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is >90 mmHg. Hypertension is also the major risk factor of other cardiovascular disease. The incidence rate of hypertension with or without complications increases every year, so the potential for inaccurate use of drugs is increasing. The purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics of hypertension outpatients and the proper hypertension drug use in hypertension outpatients at Wisma Rini General Hospital Pringsewu in 2019 based on the proper patient, the proper indication, the proper drug, and the proper dose using the standard reference of Guidelines JNC VIII. This research is descriptive research, the data was collected retrospectively based on medical records. The sample collection technique in this research is using a purposive sampling technique. The results in this study obtained from 110 patient samples diagnosed with the hypertension showed that most of hypertension patients are women (55,46%), mostly aged 56-65 years old (40%), and the most taken hypertension drug is CCB group amlodipine with 78 patients (71%). The evaluation of antihypertensive drug use obtained is proper patient with 110 patients (100%), proper indication with 110 patients (100%), proper drug with 92 patients (75,6%), and proper dose with 110 patients (100%). Keywords: Antihypertensive, Hypertension, Accuracy drug use.
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Murakami, Nobuo. "4. Measures against Drug-resistant Bacteria and Proper Use of Antimicrobials." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 109, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.109.532.
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Yewale, Vijay N., and Dhanya Dharmapalan. "Promoting Appropriate Use of Drugs in Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/906570.
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Promotion of appropriate and safe drugs in children is the need of the hour globally. Pediatric population by itself is a spectrum of different physiologies with significant variation in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Unfortunately, 50–90% of drugs used in children today have never been actually studied in this population, and the results of drug studies done in adults are often extrapolated for use in children. Many medicines in pediatrics are off label or unlicensed. There is a spurt in drug resistance due to the overzealous prescription of antimicrobials not indicated, such as, using inadequate dosage or duration of drug regime leading to partially treated infections, using the wrong antimicrobial due to ignorance of causative organism, and finally using indigenous, irrational combinations. Availability of properly labeled and safe pediatric formulations, regular audit by pharmacists, judicious prescriptions, proper counseling about drug administration, surveillance of adverse effects, and pediatric drug trials can be the best possible interventions to offer appropriate medicines to children and thereby save millions of lives.
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Nakamura, Hideo, Kazuma Kawasaki, Mihoko Okada, and Takao Orii. "Support System for Integrating Proper Use-related Drug Information in Web Documents." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 34, no. 11 (2008): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.34.1051.
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Homma, Masato. "Investigation of Adverse Effects and Drug-drug Interactions in a Case Series of Patients for Proper Use of Prescription Drugs." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 38, no. 3 (2012): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.38.154.
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Smith, Mickey, and Mary K. Smith. "Drug Use Themes for Teachers of Health." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 2 (April 1988): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800208.
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Content analysis was conducted on twenty-one curriculum guides used in state health instruction programs. In grades 9–12, the major emphasis was placed on the applications and on the dangers of the use of medications. In grades K-8, safety considerations such as proper storage received more attention. There was little information on the mechanism of action of medications, even though the audience for the guides includes teachers. Aside from frequent mention of the value of immunizations, the benefits of modern medicines received comparatively little attention. The pharmacist was the most frequently mentioned health professional.
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Md. Shamsur Rahman, David Matanjun, Urban John Arnold D’souza, Wan Salman Wan Saudi, Fairrul Kadir, Tan Teck Song, and Mohd. Hijaz Mohd. Sani. "Irrational Use of Drugs." Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/bjms.v15i1.2101.
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Irrational use of drugs could be detrimental issues in the practices of healthcare communities. This problem arises either because of the wrong prescription or inappropriate self-medication. Faulty prescribing practices and incorrect self-medication will lead to an ineffective treatment regime. Still, they can also be unsafe as these may exacerbate or prolong the illness and distress the patients. In turn, these will incur unnecessary treatment costs. The most typical issues in the irrational use of drugs are the patient’s lack of information about the medicine and inadequate proper consultation from physicians. Lack of regulation in the appropriate use and supply of drugs by the relevant enforcement agencies could also be the problem in the irrational use of drugs. Ulceration and inflammation due to the irrational use of NSAIDs, antibiotics, and unhealthy lifestyle may contribute to the novel therapeutic strategy challenges. The ability to purchase the drugs without a doctor’s prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was also the landmark event that became the most widely used medications for the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Inadequate knowledge from both drug providers and patients may contribute to the most recognized influential factors in the irrational use of drugs in various countries. The recommendation should introduce an appropriate educational intervention that can be designed to promote rational prescribing. Proper regulation on prescription practices by policymakers and physicians could be the way to ensure the standard of rational usage of drugs have compliant with the healthcare communities.
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Podolian, Volodymyr. "Adolescent Drug Addiction in Ukraine: Social and Psychological Aspects." Family Medicine, no. 2-3 (July 30, 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.2-3.2021.240759.
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Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The objective: of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Results. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. Conclusions. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools.
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Utami, Pinasti, Muhammad Thesa Ghozali, Nurul Maziyyah, Salmah Orbayinah, and Surria Dwiwahyu. "Covid-19 pandemic: improving health with proper self-medication and the use of medicinal plants." Community Empowerment 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 1774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ce.7862.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has an effect on people's drug-self-medication behavior. However, community knowledge about the use of self-medication is still lacking. This is also consistent with public perception of TOGA (Family Drugs Plant). For this reason, the devotees make a community service program to socialize the importance of TOGA and provide training in making TOGA. This activity is being carried out in collaboration with the Institute for Environment and Disaster Management of the Aisyiyah Region Special Region of Yogyakarta (LLHPB PWA DIY), which focuses on environmental issues, and in collaboration with Aisyiah community in Umbulharjo, which is working to mobilize the potential of women in order to form Aisyiah cadres. This activity includes three programs: the formation of a progressive Youth Health Team, health training related to drug self-medication and health promotion, and workshops on the use of vacant land to increase food security. Training and workshops can increase the knowledge of cadres, both related to self-medication and the environment. In addition, the topic of using medicinal plants for disease prevention and immune enhancement is a new issue in the community.
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Podolian, V. M. "Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine: social and psychological aspects." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2021, no. 2 (2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2021.02.062.
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Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intrafamily relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren.
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Philip Jacob, Arul Balasubramanian, and Kothai Ramalingam. "A review on steps involved in drug utilization review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 24, 2020): 4095–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2612.
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Drug Utilization is also known as Drug Utilization Review, is an arrangement of persistent, orderly, criteria based medication assessment that guarantees the proper usage of drugs. Drug use/ utilization evaluation and medication utilization evaluations are the same as drug utilization review. It is a technique for acquiring data to recognize the problems related to the usage of drugs and if appropriately created, it also gives a method for revising the issue and in this way, it becomes a factor in reasonable drug usage. Evaluation of use can survey the real procedure of medication administration or dispensing of proper medication and furthermore the results of treatment. Drug utilization review services include corrective actions, prescriber reviews and further evaluations as a quality assurance mechanism. This article reviews the drug utilization pattern and evaluation of the process of drug utilization. The evaluation pattern can be classified into several categories such as prospective, concurrent and retrospective. The drug utilization evaluation process is a continuous cycle and its maximum effect is attained when it is conducted as a cycle rather than conducting in steps. This evidence-based approach with utilization of the medication is intended to depend on the best accessible clinical evidence to create explicit rules for a particular illness or utilization of a particular medication.
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Suherman, Linda Purnamawati, Pudjiastuti Kartidjo, Iis Rukmawati, Vina Septiani, and Fazrin Azzura. "Dyspepsia Drug Use Pattern of Outpatients in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 4, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v4i4.1987.
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Dyspepsia is a condition of pain in the epigastrium and a burning sensation that radiates to the chest. Dyspepsia occupies the 10th position in the 20 largest non-communicable diseases in a Public Health Center in Bandung. The heterogeneous symptoms and the absence of specific treatments can lead to irrational treatment. The research objective is to determine the pattern of drug use in patients with dyspepsia, including the right indication, the proper drug selection, the correct dose, and the proper interval of administration in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung. This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional study design that was descriptive in nature. The sampling technique employed the purposive sampling method retrospectively. The research was conducted on 104 patients diagnosed with dyspepsia with comorbidities and receiving drugs at an Outpatient Clinic in a Public Health Center in Batununggal District Bandung from January-March 2020. There were 38 male patients (36.538%) and 66 female patients (63.462%). The majority of patients were aged 56-65 years (28.846%). The most used drug class was antacids (60.448%), and the dosage form that was mostly used was tablets (40.299%). The most used single drug was antacids (51.923%), while the most used drug combination was antacids and omeprazole (23.077%). The accuracy of drug selection and the accuracy of indications were 100% correct, the accuracy of the dosage was 59.62% correct, the accuracy of the time interval for drug administration was 71% correct, and the accuracy of the duration of drug administration was 9.62% correct.
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Podolian, V. M. "Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine: medical, social and psychological aspects." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 55, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2021-55-2-7-16.
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The urgency of the problem is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents, the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem, and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Research in this area is driven by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate adolescents to use drugs, in order to create conditions in society that prevent the spread of drugs among the youngest populations. Aim of the work is to determine the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Material and Methods. Analytical and logical research methods, systematic and comparative analysis were used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that motivate adolescents to use drugs, despite the danger to their health and life. Results and Discussions. A high degree of risk of adolescent drug addiction has been established, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the average age of adolescents taking drugs for the first time. The issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families, where adolescents start using drugs are considered. The types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescent drug use begins, were studied. The main social and psychological factors that push modern youth to take drugs have been identified. Conclusions. Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine remains a serious problem that requires proper attention and assessment by modern society. Effective measures to combat the dangerous phenomenon are: introduction of a system of preventive talks to explain the nature of drug addiction and the dangerous consequences of drug use for life and health; joining student youth to sports and a healthy lifestyle by reviving the system of intra-school, district, regional competitions in various sports; transformation of adolescents' consciousness towards their own development as opposed to the prospect of their drug degradation. Key Words: family relations, teenager, social environment, drugs, psychology of relations, family.
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Kumar, Aravinda. "Patterns of drug use and drug dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions in a tertiary care teaching hospital." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20182932.
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Background: Periodic assessment of drug prescribing and dispensing pattern in a hospital facility shall play a major role in avoiding the inappropriate use of drugs which leads to potential hazards and expenses for the patients.Methods: The objective of the study was to analyse the patterns of drug use and dispensing in dermatology outpatient prescriptions from a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India. Data were collected over a period of one month from patients attending dermatology outpatient department by scrutinizing 100 prescriptions and analyzed using WHO formulated “core drug use indicators” like the format, prescribing pattern and rationality of prescriptions.Results: The total number of drugs prescribed in 100 prescriptions was 233 i.e. on average 2.33 drugs were prescribed per patient. The patient's name and age were mentioned in all the prescriptions while diagnosis, dose, route of administration, dosage form, duration of therapy and prescriber's identity was written in 43.29%, 68.04%, 69.07%, 100%, 49.48% and 63.91% prescriptions respectively. Out of all drugs, 42.91% were generic drugs and 57.08% were from National Essential Drug List of India. Steroids (18.02%) were the most common group of drugs used, followed by keratolytics and emollients (15.87%). Most of the drugs were given by topical route (47.63%).Conclusions: A prescription by a doctor is a reflection of physicians’ attitude towards the disease and the role of drug in its treatment. It also provides an insight into the nature of health care at that facility. Interventions to rectify over proper prescription format and prescription of generic drugs are necessary to further improve rational drug use in this facility.
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Octavia, Devi Ristian, Irma Susanti2, and Sri Bintang Mahaputra Kusuma Negara. "PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGGUNAAN DAN PENGELOLAAN OBAT YANG RASIONAL MELALUI PENYULUHAN DAGUSIBU." GEMASSIKA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30787/gemassika.v4i1.401.
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In the era of National Health Insurance (JKN) which has an impact on increasing people's motivation to check health at health care facilities, so that efforts to get drugs are quite easy. But the increasing use of drugs has not been supported by public knowledge about how to consume and manage medicines at home. This community service activity aims to increase public knowledge about the proper use of drugs (rational) and procedures for storing and disposing of drugs that have been damaged or expired properly. The method used in this service is to increase knowledge about Get Use of Save and Dispose of Medication (DAGUSIBU) PKK cadres by counseling or educating and mentoring drug management at home. The knowledge gained by the community in this activity is expected to change people's behavior in managing medicines at home and rational use of drugs. The method used in this service is by approach. From the results of evaluation and monitoring of activities that have been carried out shows a positive result, namely an increase in knowledge about rational drug use and proper management of medicines at home.
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Podolian, V. M. "Adolescent Drug Addiction in Ukraine: Social and Psychological Aspects." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 3 (June 26, 2021): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.03.256.
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Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine is a serious problem that requires proper attention and evaluation from modern society. Timely public reaction to this issue determines the methods of its solution and ways to prevent adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine in the future. The urgency of the subject matter is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents and the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Prospects for research in this area are determined by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate modern Ukrainian adolescents to use drugs. This will allow to redirect the situation and create conditions to prevent a situation in society where drug use by Ukrainian adolescents would be possible. The purpose of the study is to identify the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Materials and methods. The main research method is the method of analysis, which was used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that push young people to use drugs, despite the obvious threat to their health and life. Authors consider issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families where adolescents begin to use drugs. The study covers the types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescents start using drugs. Conclusion. The main social and psychological factors that push modern young people to take drugs are identified. In the course of this study, conclusions were drawn about the significant role of existing problems in modern Ukrainian families, where children begin to use drugs early. Preventive conversations in schools, other educational institutions and at home are effective tools in the fight against adolescent drug addiction. Competitions in various sports among teenagers and mass cross-country races also have pronounced influence. The practical value of the study in this area is to identify and state opportunities to create methods to combat adolescent drug addiction and the complete elimination of the harmful effects of drugs on modern Ukrainian schoolchildren
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GOTO, NOBUYUKI. "Drug epidemiology (38). Clinical evaluation of prescription intervention for proper use of medical supply." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 30, no. 1 (1999): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.30.367.
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Basak, Subhash C., and Marjan G. Vracko. "Parsimony Principle and its Proper use/ Application in Computer-assisted Drug Design and QSAR." Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 16, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340991601200106122854.
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Damjanov, Nemanja, Vladan Vukcevic, Miodrag Krstic, Tomica Milosavljevic, Ivica Jeremic, and Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic. "Recommendation for gastroprotection in gastrointestinal bleeding prevention." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 144, no. 5-6 (2016): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1606351d.
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Incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in most populations is about 1 per 1,000 inhabitants. More than 65% of all bleeding episodes are associated with drug use. The most often involved are non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and low doses of acetyl-salicylic acid. The mortality within the first month after the bleeding episode is about 10-12%, and has not significantly changed in the last decade. Therefore, bleeding prevention is of major importance. Appropriate selection of patients, proper drug choice, application of lowest efficient doses of potentially ulcerogenic drugs, and use of drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion remain cornerstone preventive measures of gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Prewett, Kyleen, Tammie J. Schaefer, and Donald (Don) Wengler. "WrecksAll Drug Company." Issues in Accounting Education 34, no. 4 (September 1, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-52546.
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ABSTRACT WrecksAll Drug Company is a fraud investigation case in which students use financial and nonfinancial data to develop and test hypotheses related to irregularities in deposits. The case teaches the proper sequence of activities in conducting a fraud investigation and how to identify sources of evidence useful in evaluating fraud hypotheses. Students get hands-on experience in analyzing a large dataset using Excel and drawing and supporting conclusions about the case using the data and other evidence obtained in the case.
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Basaran, Ozcan, Nesrin Filiz Basaran, Edip Guvenc Cekic, Ibrahim Altun, Volkan Dogan, Gurbet Ozge Mert, Kadir Ugur Mert, et al. "PRescriptiOn PattERns of Oral Anticoagulants in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (PROPER study)." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 23, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029615614395.
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Introduction: Inappropriate use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) have not been well investigatedand, however, may be frequent in real-world practice in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study was designed to evaluate the prescription patterns and appropriateness of OACs in patients with NVAF in real-world clinical settings. Methods: We performed a prospective, observational study (NCT02366338). A total of 148 patients with NVAF were screened for OAC prescription. Appropriateness of prescribing was evaluated using 9 criteria of the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI): indication, choice, dosage, modalities and practicability of administration, drug–drug interactions, drug–disease interactions, duplication, and duration. For each criterion, the evaluator has to rate whether the medication is (A) appropriate, (B) inappropriate but with limited clinical importance, and (C) inappropriate. Results: Of 148 patients, 73 (50%) were on warfarin (group 1), 39 (26%) were on rivaroxaban (group 2), and 36 (24%) were on dabigatran therapy (group 3). The MAI showed that 83% of group 1, 28% of group 2, and 47% of group 3 patients had at least 1 inappropriate criterion. Moreover, according to the choice criterion, 37% of group 1, 8% of group 2 and 5% of group 3 were rated as inappropriate, and dosage was not appropriate in 77% of group 1, 23% of group 2, and 42% of group 3. Conclusion: Inappropriate drug use is frequent among patients with NVAF not only for warfarin but also for NOACs. Although there is an apparent improvement in thromboprophylaxis of NVAF, much more effort is needed for appropriate use of OACs.
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Shippen, Eugene. "The Debate Over Testosterone Replacement in Aging Men." US Endocrinology 00, no. 01 (2005): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2005.00.01.81.
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Testosterone replacement is at the center of intense debate for its proper uses, its benefits, and its potential long-term side effects.With the growing number of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved methods for testosterone replacement in deficient men, particularly the aging male population, the subject has taken on growing importance that impacts every specialty. Lacking in the debate are the scientific answers derived from long-term, randomized, controlled studies. The media blitz regarding health issues for both men and women, particularly regarding hormone replacement therapy and new questions of safety for different hormonal treatments spurred by the Women’s Health Initiative, leaves clinicians and patients struggling with the decision of whether to use these methods of replacement to relieve the many troubling symptoms of deficiency that significantly impair quality of life during the aging years. The key question of any treatment regards the risk/benefit ratio for a given patient and whether the treatment provides reasonable expectation of improvement in symptoms or disease state with reasonable risks of adverse events.
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Christo, Paul J. "Urine Drug Testing In Chronic Pain." Pain Physician 3;14, no. 2;3 (March 14, 2011): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2011/14/123.
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Therapeutic use, overuse, abuse, and diversion of controlled substances in managing chronic non-cancer pain continue to be an issue for physicians and patients. The challenge is to eliminate or significantly curtail abuse of controlled prescription drugs while still assuring the proper treatment of those patients. Some physicians are apprehensive regarding the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic non-cancer pain due to a perceived lack of proven evidence, the misuse of opioids, tolerance, dependence, and hyperalgesia. However, others have criticized the underuse of opioids, resulting in the undertreatment of pain. It has been the convention that federal, state, and local governments; professional associations; as well as pharmaceutical companies, physicians, accrediting bodies, medical licensure boards, and the public all share responsibility for preventing abuse of controlled prescription drugs. To overcome the critical challenge of eliminating or significantly curtailing abuse of controlled prescription drugs and at the same time assuring the appropriate treatment for those patients who can be helped by these medications, it is crucial to practice adherence or compliance monitoring of opioid therapy. Compliance monitoring has been shown to be crucial in delivering proper opioid therapy and preserving this therapy for the future. Urine drug testing (UDT) is considered one of the mainstays of adherence monitoring in conjunction with prescription monitoring programs and other screening tools, however, UDT is associated with multiple limitations secondary to potential pitfalls related to drug metabolism, reliability of the tests, and the knowledge of the pain physician. UDT is a widely available and familiar method for monitoring opioid use in chronic pain patients. UDT can provide tools for tracking patient compliance and expose possible drug misuse and abuse. UDT is one of the major tools of adherence monitoring in the assessment of the patient’s predisposition to, and patterns of, drug misuse/abuse – a vital first step towards establishing and maintaining the safe and effective use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of chronic pain. This comprehensive review provides the role of UDT in monitoring chronic opioid therapy along with reliability and accuracy, appropriate use, overuse, misuse, and abuse. Key words: Controlled substances, opioids, benzodiazepines, illicit drugs, abuse, diversion, prescription monitoring programs, adherence monitoring, compliance monitoring, urine drug testing, immunoassay, chromatography, false-positives, false-negatives
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Makela, A., and M. Howard. "Chaos Unleashed: The impact of recreational drugs and COVID on young adults." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S239—S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.618.
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Introduction This case series reveals a number of young adults, whom after chronic use of recreational drugs, suffer the life-long consequence of severe chronic mental illness. Objectives • Review the illicit drugs that are commonly associated with psychotic symptoms. • Highlight exposures theorized to impact genetics associated with DSM 5 diseases. • Compare trends in illicit drug use during the worldwide COVID pandemic. Methods A literature review is used to examine the impact of COVID pandemic on illicit drug use in metropolitan cities in European countries and compare the trends with what is seen by the consult liaison psychiatry service at a metropolitan community hospital in the USA. Results In European Countries with data available, there were measurable differences in which illicit drugs were used most during the COVID 19 pandemic. In the US this data is not readily available at the time of submission for proper comparisson. Conclusions Although definitive comparrison is pending, the results of extensive illicit drug use demostrate a high comorbidity with psychotic spectrum disorders in the DSM 5. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Nining, Nining, and Yeni Yeni. "Edukasi dan Sosialisasi Gerakan masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat (Gema Cermat)." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 5, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.32434.
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Health problems are so complex today. It encourages the people to look for effective treatment alternatives and also efficient in terms of cost. Self medication is being an alternative that has been taken by the the people. Irrational self medication management could lead to disadvantages such as medication errors due to misdiagnosis, inappropriate drugs use due to bias of information from drug advertisements and unwanted drug reactions. Education and Socialization of Gema Cermat was conducted by UHAMKA pharmacist lecturers on December 24th, 2017 in cooperation with PCPM Setu and pharmacists PC IAI Bekasi district as an effort in order to improve the concern, awareness, understanding and skill of people in using drugs properly and correctly. The methods used are CBIA, giving the brochure of Gema Cermat, the pocket books of drugs use and drugs classification, pre-test, post-test and materials about Gema Cermat through oral presentation by a pharmacist. The results of education and socialization of Gema Cermat are improving the values of the community regarding the proper and correct use of drugs. It could be seen from the increasing of average pre-test score, 72.5 to 89.7 on post-test. People could analyze and record data that they need to be considered on the drugs use so that the proper and correct use of drugs can be achieved.
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Yusransyah, Yusransyah, Sofi Nurmay Stiani, and Siti Lailatu Zahroh. "PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG DAGUSIBU (DAPATKAN, GUNAKAN, SIMPAN DAN BUANG) OBAT DENGAN BENAR DI SMK IKPI LABUAN PANDEGLANG." Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Kita 1, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33759/asta.v1i1.95.
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Efforts to improve health for the community are very important. This is reinforced by the launching of DAGUSIBU (Get, Use, Store and Dispose of Medicines properly) so that the community is able to understand and be able to implement it in an effort to increase the degree of understanding in terms of medicine, especially how to get, use, store, dispose of drugs properly and create a drug-aware family through the DAGUSIBU program in the SMK IKPI School of Labuan Pandeglang. Material that is socialized is the explanation of the general definition of drugs, drug classification consisting of over-the-counter drugs, limited free drugs, hard drugs, and mandatory drug pharmacies. Then the explanation of the drug preparations and how to use them, special attention is needed so that they are not wrong in using them and the proper and correct storage and disposal procedures for the drugs. It is hoped that through this activity, the ultimate goal to be achieved will be realized, and the community will become a concern in consuming and managing medicines, especially those in the family environment.
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Ramot, Yuval, Dalia Shabashov Stone, Ruth Goldschmidt, and Abraham Nyska. "Nasal Inflammation and Ulceration Secondary to Repeated Use of an Intranasal Delivery Device in Rabbits." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 7 (September 25, 2020): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623320958684.
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Intranasal administration of drugs is gaining popularity in medicine, and several animal models have been used to test the safety and efficacy of this delivery route. Nevertheless, the nasal anatomy of animals is different from humans, which can lead to pathological changes that stem from the delivery device and not the drug itself. Here, we report on nasal inflammation and ulceration in rabbits, secondary to the repeated trauma caused by the intranasal device. Similar changes were noted in the animals treated with the vehicle and with the tested drug, and therefore, these changes were not attributed to the drug itself. In some animals, superficial ulcer and stromal inflammation were noted in the eyes, secondary to nasal duct obstruction from the nasal inflammation. These observations emphasize the importance of proper interpretation of histopathological changes, attributed to trauma-induced pathological changes related to the handling of the animal and not to the tested product, which is the drug itself and the device that is optimized for clinical (human) use.
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Saberi, Mohammad, Nasibe Ashouri, and Maedeh Pourhossein Alamdari. "Evaluation of Drug Use and Its Effective Factors in Elderly." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 9 (October 2, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i9.2019.
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Introduction: The use of medicine as a link in the treatment chain is inevitable, and medical experts believe that proper and regular use of the drug can improve in many cases. One of the population groups that are more likely to take self-medication because of their illnesses is the elderly. Given that older people are at greater risk of misuse and the consequences of drug abuse because of their special status, including loneliness, neglect, and sometimes social isolation, therefore, this study was designed and conducted to evaluate the rate of use and factors affecting drug use in the elderly and to determine its relationship with some variables. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study that was done on 100 elderly people in Amol city in 2018 selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographic characteristics, medication use, and factors affecting drug use. Descriptive statistics and chi-square and variance analysis were used for data analysis. Of the samples, 65% of the elderly were taking medication for three months prior to self-examination. The most important causes were previous drug use and remission and symptoms similar to 20.1%. Self-medication was significantly associated with marital status (P=0.020), education level (P=0.005) and number of children (P=0.003). The mean drug use was 3.04±0.28 pens per day. 65% of the samples observed more than 4 drugs simultaneously. Around 75% of the elderly had self-medication. Cardiovascular drugs were the most common drug group among the 71.2%. Aspirin, Atenolol and Ranitidine were the most commonly used drugs in the elderly. There was a significant relationship between age and age with arbitrary drug use (P<0.020). The mean age of the subjects was 67 years with a standard deviation of 6.89. 73% of the elderly were male. 72% kept the drug at home, the most important reason being caution and 58% storage. Analgesics were the 15% of most home remedies. This study shows that arbitrary drug use among the elderly is lower than the general population, but it is still high compared to developed countries.
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ISHII, KOICHI. "Ideal way of the drug information offer. Proper use and information offer of medical supplies." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28, no. 2 (1997): 623–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.28.623.
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Sharma, Amit, Damit Kumar, and Neelam Painuly. "A REVIEW ON OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i4.383.
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Osmotically controlling drug delivery system is one of the best method of drug technology it is highly fruitful and effective. In this osmotic pressure is used to deliver drug properly as osmosis is the movement from lower concentration to the higher concentration. By this system we can release drug in proper manner as it is widely accepted technique with interesting facts and use. There are various drug delivery components like drugs. Osmotic agent and semi permeable membrane all are essential and have their own role to play, It is one of the best in best method used now a days to get best results.
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Israel-Biet, D., S. Labrune, and GJ Huchon. "Drug-induced lung disease: 1990 review." European Respiratory Journal 4, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.04040465.
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Numerous drug-induced pulmonary manifestations have been reported but studies of their pathogenic mechanisms are still rare. These mechanisms should, however, be precisely determined in order to identify subjects at risk and to prevent some of these complications by the proper use of certain drugs in more appropriate conditions. The possibility of an iatrogenic manifestation should always be considered in patients developing pulmonary symptoms. Data from biological investigations, although not specific, contribute to the understanding of lung injury mechanisms.
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Hanifa, Deasy Nur Chairin. "The THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF DRUG USES DURING FASTING IN SAMARINDA." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (September 11, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/jik.v7i1.257.
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At the time of fasting proper use of drugs is needed, because the schedule of taking different drugs will affect of the drug. Schedule for taking medication affects the fate of drugs in the body, because it needs to be careful in changing the schedule of taking medication. So it can be said that the need for knowledge of drug use during fasting. The aim of this study was found the influence of educational background, especially in the health and non-health fields on knowledge of drug use during fasting. This research was conducted by survey testing using Google Form, by submitting several statements regarding the knowledge of drug use during fasting which is listed in the KDUF (Knowledge of Drug Use during Fasting) questionnaire. The total value of the questionnaire is categorized into 3, namely low, moderate, and good. The results showed that the moderate knowledge category in the health group is 26% and non-health is 30%, while the knowledge category is good for the health group at 74% and the non-health group at 70%. The results of the statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between the background of health and non-health education (P> 0.05). So it can be concluded that there is no difference in the influence of health and non-health education background on knowledge of drug use during fasting.
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Alebign, Samuel, and Nato Hundesa. "Study on the Availability and Rational Use of Veterinary Drugs in Veterinary Clinics of Haramaya and Dire Dawa Districts, Eastern Ethiopia." Veterinary Medicine – Open Journal 7, no. 2 (November 9, 2022): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-7-168.
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Aim The study was conducted between December 2021-June 2022 with an objective to assess the current status of veterinary drugs used in veterinary clinics of Dire Dawa and Haramaya districts using a questionnaire, personal interviews, and observations of public veterinary clinics. Method A total number of 40 public veterinary clinics were selected, purposively selected, and included in the study, and veterinary professionals working in each veterinary clinic were conveniently selected by using a non-probability method. The assessment methods such as descriptive drug use indicators, prescribing practices and other drug information sources and drugs of choice at health facilities were included. Results The results obtained were as; a majority of the clinicians (57.5%) were Bachelor of Veterinary Science (BVSc) and above. Nearly half (42.5%) of clinicians used only a verbal prescription for prescribing drugs. Oxytetracycline was available in all clinics and 32(80%) responded as it is their first drug of choice for treatment. Only 50% of the clinicians responded as they administer drugs and treat animals presented to their clinic for a definitive (laboratory investigation) diagnosis. The majority (80%) of respondents use antibacterials for prophylaxis. Major factors considered in drug selection by 92.5% of professionals amongst alternative drugs were its availability. About 98% of respondents use promotion materials or leaflets of different drugs as a source of information. Conclusion The study showed that the trend of using prescription papers for prescribing drugs was not enough and prescription papers did not include the relevant information that should be incorporated in drug ordering and dispensing drug prescriptions by and large based on tentative diagnosis and inappropriate drug selection were found to be bottlenecks for the successful drug treatment that leads to drug resistance. Therefore, awareness and training should be provided regularly for prescribers and end users about the proper way of drug use.
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Alder, Jeffrey D. "Determining the Therapeutic Potential of Experimental Antibacterial Agents: The Use of Animal Models." Current Pharmaceutical Design 3, no. 2 (April 1997): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161280302221006113052.
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Abstract: Animal models of infection are the most predictive preclinical test for projecting clinical success of experimental antibacterial therapeutics. The first screen for antibacterial drug efficacy is usually prevention of mortality in animal models of infection. Secondary trials for drug efficacy measure the reduction of bacterial burden in defined body sites such as lung, kidney, and soft tissue. These trials determine potential clinical indications for the experimental compounds. Promising compounds are then advanced for additional testing in animal models to identify the key pharmacodynamic parameter predictive of efficacy. The value of the pharmacodynamic parameter that yields efficacy is then numerically defined and related to the blood concentration of experimental drug needed for clinical efficacy. Animal trials to determine appropriate length of therapy are conducted at optimal pharmacodynamic values. Efficacy against relevant drug resistant bacteria should also be determined prior to clinical development. Preliminary toxicity studies are conducted during efficacy testing and safety margins should be known prior to bulk synthesis of drug for formal toxicity studies. At all stages of testing, appropriate clinical antibacterial drugs are used as positive controls. Proper use of animal models will keep the drug development pipeline clear of compounds with little probability of clinical efficacy. This testing program will cause. the selection of experimental anti-bacterial compounds with significant promise for rapid advancement through clinical trials to medical and commercial success.
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Yaranal R. "Critical Review on Pathya Apathya with Special Reference to Rasaaushadhis’’." International Journal of Indian Medicine 03, no. 06 (2022): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55552/ijim.2022.3603.
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Ayurveda has holistic and scientific approach in health management. So it equally emphasises over Aushadhi and Pathya-Apathya to overcome the disease with a better approach. Pathya literally means a way or channel, defined as the substance or regime which does not adversely affect the body and mind, and those which adversely affect them are considered to be apathya. ‘Rasasastra’ is the branch of Ayurveda which describes the use of metals, minerals, and poisons with their actions to combat chronic and complicated diseases. As these Rasa drugs are toxic, therefore passes through extensive processing before they are declared fit for internal use. These preparations are sustaining themselves since centuries in clinical use. Even though these drugs are in assimilable forms, there should be suitable vehicles for its absorption. Specific Pathyapathya ahara viharas are mentioned for specific rasaushadhis in the Rasa classic. These specificity for selection of Aharas and Viharas as Pathya (wholesome) or Apathya (unwholesome) mainly depends on the properties of drugs which are used as Pathya and also the drug which are used as medicine. Drugs can show their efficacy only if administered in appropriate quantity with appropriate combination of drugs and foods and at appropriate time and by following proper regime as they help for proper absorption of drug, reduces its adverse effects, and to increase its bioavailability etc. So there is importance of Pathya and apathya during drug administration. The present work aims to collect information on pathya apathy mention during administration of various rasa dravyas and Rasaushadhis from classical texts.
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Thorat, Shubham, Tushar Bargal, Rahul Chavan, Shraddha Ghodekar, and Prof Nilesh Gunaware. "Drug Recommendation System based on Sentiment Analysis of Drug Reviews using Machine Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47474.
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Abstract: It's been like this since the coronavirus outbreak It is increasingly difficult to obtain legal treatment resources, such as the lack of specialists and health personnel, Appropriate equipment and medicines, etc. there are many Deaths attributable to the entire healthcare industry Rebellious. People started taking it due to lack of availability self-medication without proper advice, This made her health worse than usual. recent, Machine learning has been demonstrated in various the use of automation and creative work is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to propose a prescription system Medications that can significantly reduce the workload of specialists. Therefore, the proposed system provides drug recommendations A platform that requires patient feedback to predict mood Use a variety of vectorization techniques
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Gyanwali, Pradip, Neelam Dhakal, Baburam Humagain, and Khem Bahadur Karki. "Medicine Prescribing Pattern and Knowledge on Medicine Use at Different Level of Health Care Settings in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.2885.
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Background: It is imperative to have adequate knowledge about medicines being used for their proper administration so as to obtain desirable therapeutics effects. This study aims to assess the medicine prescribing pattern and patients’ knowledge about medicine use at different level of health care settings in Nepal.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 88 health facilities in Nepal. Altogether 2200 patients, taken randomly after the doctor visit, were interviewed and assessed for the prescription.
Results: Out of total drugs prescribed from 88 health facilities (6,175), 68.91% were essential drugs, 23.74 % were antibiotics and 61 % of medicines were prescribed in generic names. And among patients receiving medicines, adequate response on medicine use was received on 49% of medicines out of 3,806 medicines dispensed.
Conclusions: Greater percentages of medicines were prescribed from essential drug list in health facilities. Knowledge on medicine use was poor among people.
Keywords: Antibiotics use; drug prescribing pattern; knowledge; rational use of drugs
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Stang, Paul E., Janet L. Fox, Abraham G. Hartzema, Miquel S. Porta, and Hugh H. Tilson. "Adverse Drug Events and the Freedom of Information Act: An Apple in Eden." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 26, no. 2 (February 1992): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809202600220.
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OBJECTIVE: To review some of the abuses and proper uses of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) spontaneous adverse-reaction reporting system, as a way of educating the reader to its strengths and limitations. DATA SOURCE: Published literature and reports based on information obtained from the FDA's database of spontaneous adverse drug-event reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: The Freedom of Information Act has increased public access to the FDA's database of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. As these reports are voluntarily received and reported to the FDA, their use for comparisons of drug safety is severely limited. Despite these limitations and the FDA's caveats for use of these data, consumer advocacy groups, researchers, and various pharmaceutical marketing groups have used this source to project the incidence of adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS: The FDA's spontaneous adverse-event reporting system is designed to generate signals of unexpected adverse drug events. Use of the data gathered by this system to make drug safety comparisons is beyond their credible scope because many factors influence the reporting of adverse events. Researchers and peer reviewers should place these data in the proper perspective and support sound research into questions of drug safety.
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Jingfors, K., and Anne Gunn. "The use of snowmobiles in the drug immobilization of muskoxen." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-160.
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During the early winter in 1983 and 1985 on Victoria and Banks islands, respectively, we used snowmobiles to approach and hold muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in tight groups, while individual animals were darted with a mixture of M99 and Rompun. We immobilized 47 muskoxen with one capture-related mortality from an accidental overdose. The effective dosage that resulted in acceptable induction and recovery times for most adult muskoxen was 7–8 mg M99 and 25–30 mg Rompun. Considerably cheaper to use than helicopters, snowmobiles also were more effective in holding muskoxen together and in reducing stress prior to immobilization. Darts could be fired at close range allowing for easier selection of individual muskoxen and for proper dart placement. Simultaneous darting and recovery of several animals in a group further reduced animal stress and increased capture efficiency.
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Tkeshelashvili, Shota. "Anti-Drug Policies in Different Countries and Georgia: Current Situtation and Challenges." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 5 (February 21, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n5p75.
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Problems with illegal drug circulation have even become a destabilizing factor for many countries. Therefore, the topic under consideration is undoubtedly problematic. The present article according to qualitative research method focuses on the current situation, challenges and ways of solving problems regarding the drug policy in Georgia and some foreign countries. The research has shown that the problems connected to the drugs (use, sale, transportation and etc) are common to many countries and according to the existing reality, it will probably be a topic issue for a long time not only for Georgia, but also in many countries around the world. Determination of effective drug policy in Georgia is one of the most pressing problems and tasks, but resolving of issue of adequate and proper responsibility for drug use is the most urgent matter.
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L., J. F. "FDA TO MAKE IT EASIER FOR DRUG MAKERS TO GIVE PEDIATRIC-DOSE DATA TO DOCTORS." Pediatrics 95, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.3.349.
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The Food and Drug Administration plans to make it easier for pharmaceutical manufacturers to provide doctors with information on the proper doses of prescription drugs for children. FDA Commissioner David Kessler is expected to announce plans today to allow manufacturers in some circumstances to provide pediatric-use information on drug labels, even if they haven't held full-blown clinical trials involving children. The information would be based on extrapolations from adult studies, plus other data about the effects on children.
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Jeslin D, Panneerselvam P, Vijayamma G, Suryasree Y, Siddeswari T, and Nithyakalyani K. "Novel drug delivery system of Lycopene: Preparation and in-vitro investigation." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Life Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijprls.v9i1.1397.
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Compared to pharmaceutical drugs, herbal medications have known to be more affordable and better for the treatment of many diseases but are less effective and not targeted. Therefore, the use of innovative drug delivery devices to distribute herbal drugs is very helpful in enhancing their release, potency and operation. Lycopene was introduced into the muco-adhesive microspheres. Using sodium alginate, carbopol 934, and sodium CMCC, mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared (carboxy methyl cellulose). The prepared microspheres had been evaluated for its physical and physicochemical parameters, invitro release. The prepared microspheres showed consistent physicochemical parameters, release sustained to 8hrs. Herbal drugs can preferably be delivered using novel drug delivery systems after proper chemical and biological standardization.
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Callen, Jeffrey P. "Immunosuppressive and Cytotoxic Drugs in Dermatology: A Practical Overview and Personal Perspective." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 1, no. 1 (July 1996): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549600100115.
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Background: Cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs are regularly used to treat proliferative diseases of the skin and immunologically mediated inflammatory disorders. Objective: The rational use of cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs, which depends on the proper selection of both the patient and the drug, is discussed. Conclusion: Methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, cyclosporine, and other related drugs have potential benefits in the treatment of severe recalcitrant cutaneous disease. Patients may survive otherwise fatal disorders, or may improve their life-style and become productive again. However, the beneficial effect of these agents is achieved when the blood level is at or near toxic level. Thus, the prescribing physician should have a familiarity with the potential toxicities and a knowledge of proper monitoring techniques.
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Wardlaw, Grant. "The Realities of Drug Enforcement." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 2 (April 1986): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600205.
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This paper presents a critical evaluation of various drug enforcement strategies (such as supply reduction overseas, dramatic increases in customs and domestic law enforcement resources, forfeiture of proceeds of drug trafficking, harsher penalties, and targetting high-level drug distributors) and demonstrates the limitations and advantages of these approaches. Based on this analysis, it is argued that attempts to control illegal drug use by law enforcement strategies must necessarily fail. Some comments are offered about the proper place of law enforcement in a drug control policy.
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Chhabra, Anshu, Gurvinder Singh, and Yash Upadhyay. "A Review on Herbal Drug Interaction." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i1.663.
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Herbal medicines are becoming popular worldwide, despite their mechanisms of action being generally unknown, the lack of evidence of efficacy, and inadequate toxicological data. An estimated one third of adults in developed nations and more than 80% of the population in many developing countries use herbal medicines in the hope of promoting health and to manage common maladies such as colds, inflammation, heart disease, diabetes and central nervous system diseases. To date, there are more than 11 000 species of herbal plants that are in use medicinally and, of these, about 500 species are commonly used in Asian and other countries. These herbs are often co-administered with therapeutic drugs raising the potential of drug–herb interactions, which may have important clinical significance based on an increasing number of clinical reports of such interactions.The interaction of drugs with herbal medicines is a significant safety concern, especially for drugs with narrow therapeutic indices (e.g. warfarin and digoxin). Because the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of the drug may be altered by combination with herbal remedies, potentially severe and perhaps even life-threatening adverse reactions may occur. Because of the clinical significance of drug interactions with herbs, it is important to identify drugs and compounds in development that may interact with herbal medicines. Timely identification of such drugs using proper in vitro and in vivo approaches may have important implications for drug development.
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Karki, Khem Bahadur, Neelam Dhakal, Baburam Humagain, Arpana Pandit, Trishna Acharya, and Pradip Gyanwali. "Quality of Drug in Health Facilities: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 18, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.2896.
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Background: Poor quality drugs result minor to detrimental effect on human health. The drug should be of standard quality and should be used appropriately in order to meet its therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to assess the quality of drug in Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 88 health facilities in Nepal from 10th April to 30th June 2016. Selective medicines were collected from both private licensed pharmacies and selected public health facilities. Face to face interview with health facility in-charge of selected health facilities was carried out along with the direct observation of the medicine storage room. The collected medicine samples were dispatched to two laboratories for in-vitro analysis. The labels of the collected medicine were analyzed. The obtained data were entered in Epidata version 3.1, cleaned in Microsoft excel 2007 and analyzed in SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 172 brands, nine brands of medicines were found substandard. Information regarding storage conditions, direction for use and category of the drug were lacking in the label of some brands of medicines. Some selected health facilities were found not meeting major requirements for drug storage: protection from sunlight, moisture, heat, well ventilation and proper sanitation.Conclusions: Few drugs were found to be substandard in Nepalese market from both public and private sectors. Adequate labeling and proper storage condition of medicines in health facilities were lacking.Keywords: Drug quality; private pharmacies; public health facilities; substandard drugs.