Journal articles on the topic 'Pronunciation script'
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1
Luterbach, Kenneth J., and Diane Rodriguez. "Practicing Pronunciation: Will Voice XML do for language learners what HTML did for collaborators?" EuroCALL Review 11 (March 15, 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2007.16368.
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This paper considers the utility of the Voice Extensible Markup Language (Voice XML) for language learning. In particular, this article considers whether Voice XML might become as popular as HTML. First, this paper discusses the surprising popularity of HTML, which provides contextual information useful for considering the potential of Voice XML. Second, this article discusses two voice scripts in order to demonstrate Voice XML tags and features. The first example script concerns voice synthesis only whereas the second script utilizes both voice synthesis and voice recognition. In order to gain insight into the utility of Voice XML for instructional applications, the second voice script can be accessed by language learners in order to practice pronouncing words in English. Technically, each voice script is a text file containing Voice XML tags. Once the file containing a Voice XML script is stored on a web server and a telephone number linked to the file, a language learner can use a telephone to practice pronouncing words. Those implementation details are considered in the third section of this paper, which identifies one particular system that permits developers to test and deploy Voice XML scripts free of charge. Lastly, this article concludes with a discussion of issues concerning the utility of Voice XML relative to HTML.
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Kinanti, Arasyi Sekar, and Sulistyowati Sulistyowati. "Penggunaan Aksara Swara dan Aksara Rekan pada Papan Nama Jalan dan Papan Petunjuk Lokasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta." Sutasoma : Jurnal Sastra Jawa 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/sutasoma.v10i2.61576.
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On the nameplates of streets and location directions in Yogyakarta that apply Javanese script, Latin writing derived from foreign languages is transliterated using swara script and rekan script. This research will reveal the application of swara script and rekan script in the rules of writing Javanese script. This research is a qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques use documentation and note-taking techniques. The analysis technique applied is to input a picture from each street sign according to the type of swara and rekan script used then writes an explanation of the relationship between the script and the Latin script below it. The findings of this study are that the swara script is used to write down vowel scripts that become syllables, especially those derived from foreign languages, to emphasize their pronunciation. The swara script cannot be used as a pair script so the carakan script contained in front of it must be turned off with pangkon. The rekan script is used to inscribe consonant scripts on foreign words that are still preserved originally. There are 2 ways to turn off consonant sounds, namely by using the pangkon symbol and using pairs from the carakan script in the next word.
Keywords: Javanese Script; Nameplates of Streets; Yogyakarta.
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Lam, Agnes S. L., Charles A. Perfetti, and Laura Bell. "Automatic phonetic transfer in bidialectal reading." Applied Psycholinguistics 12, no. 3 (September 1991): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009243.
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ABSTRACTThis study investigated phonetic activation in reading a nonalphabetic script – Chinese. Since the Chinese ideographic script can be read with more than one dialectal pronunciation, a reader who has learned to read in two dialects will have two pronunciations for the same word stored in his memory. Thus, interference effects will occur. Sixteen subjects who read in Cantonese and Mandarin and 16 subjects who read in Mandarin but not in Cantonese were tested in a similarity judgment task based on pairs of Chinese words that were pronounced the same or differently in one or both of the dialects. That automatic phonetic activation would occur even for an ideographic script such as Chinese was supported by the results.
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Arfiani, Ika, Murien Nugraheni, and Danang Sulistyono. "Implementasi SCRUM Pada Pengenalan Aksara Lampung Menggunakan Augmented Reality." Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v3i3.1011.
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Lampung Province has 20 Lampung characters and 12 Lampung scripts as characters that need to be preserved. Lampung script learning is currently still using conventional methods so that many students begin to ignore this subject because it feels less interesting and boring. This study aims to build an application that can help users introduce Lampung script in the world of education on smartphones by applying Augmented Reality technology. By applying Marker Based Tracking which is one of the methods used in the development of Augmented Reality technology. This method works by recognizing and identifying patterns on markers to bring up virtual objects into the real environment. The system development uses the waterfall method with the stages of problem identification, initial planning, design and design, implementation, testing, and evaluation. This results in an Augmented Reality application to introduce Lampung script which is equipped with features showing 3D Lampung script, pronunciation of each Lampung script object, script gallery, guide for each menu and 20 Lampung script markers. Which type of smartphone camera can affect the application's ability to see objects at a certain angle to the marker, but is still quite safe at angles between 500 to 1800.
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Syafrianto, Andri, and Avianto Aldi Nugroho. "MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA JAWA DENGAN TEKNIK AUGMENTED REALITY MENGGUNAKAN VUFORIA SDK." Jurnal Informatika Komputer, Bisnis dan Manajemen 17, no. 2 (November 20, 2023): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.61805/fahma.v17i2.98.
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Javanese script is a priceless cultural heritage. The form of the script and the art of making it become a legacy that deserves to be preserved. Javanese script is used in various Javanese texts and several other languages around the narrative area. This script is better known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. However, over time the use of Javanese script began to decrease. Many people don't know Javanese script. One of the causes is the form of Javanese script which is more difficult to understand than Latin script so that the interest in learning is reduced.
In today's technological development, learning media are beginning to use technology as a learning tool. This is to improve the quality and effectiveness of learning. One of the technologies that has been implemented is Augmented Reality. This technology is able to represent real objects into virtual objects in the form of images, video or audio. Learning Javanese script can use this technology to improve the effectiveness of learning. This Augmented Reality was created using Vuforia who later designed the application using Unity.
With the creation of Javanese script learning media applications that implement Augmented Reality technology, it is easier to understand Javanese script. Especially understanding the form and pronunciation. So that the knowledge and use of Javanese script will continue to be preserved.
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de Voogt, Alex. "Sikujua’s Writing of Muyaka’s Poetry in Arabic Script." Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 15, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878464x-01401005.
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Abstract Muyaka’s poetry as it is known today was first recorded in the 1890s, mainly written down by Mwalimu Sikujua who used Arabic script as well as an adapted Swahili-Arabic writing system to document the language. Sikujua’s versatility when using the Arabic script as well as his use of variant spellings suggest a writing practice that embraces rather than avoids orthographic variation. His use of diacritics including the shadda and hamza is particularly noteworthy. Muyaka’s poems with their frequent repetitions as well as the writing of the poet’s name feature multiple spellings by Sikujua even when applying the adapted Swahili-Arabic script. Sikujua invented solutions that best approach a Swahili pronunciation but he also displays a detailed understanding and creative use of a wide range of Arabic signs and diacritics. The complexities of writing Swahili with Arabic script benefit from Sikujua’s creativity. It is this versatility and creativity that has been largely ignored and misinterpreted as merely inconsistent in studies where standardization is considered preferable.
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Njegovan, Drago. "The role of Yugoslav ideology in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 116-117 (2004): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0417147n.
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The paper deals with the issue of Yugoslav ideology and its role in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script. There were two different approaches in the concept of Yugoslavism as developed on the grounds of Illyrism (Lj. Gaj) in the midnineteenth century: the Croatian and the Serbian ones. The Croatian Yugoslavism (J.J. Strossmayer) was of a pro-Catholic and anti-Serbian character language and writing, it was manifested through annulling of Serbian language in the domain of "Croatian state legislation" and supression, prohibition and persecution of Serbian Cyrillic script. On the other hand, Serbian approach to Yugoslavism (T. Pavlovic, J. Subotic etc) was a tolerant one: the lingual diversity of the south Slavic peoples opposing the need for their co-operation. By the beginning of the 20th century the Croatian variant of Yugoslavism (with its three-tribal nation concept) prevailed over the Serbian one and became the grounding ideology for the new, common state. Its lingual union basing on the domination of the eastern ? ekavian ? pronunciation variant (from the Serbian language) and Latin letters (from the Croatian) was disadvantageous to both spoken and written Serbian language: the Serbs have accepted Latin writing and the Croats have never accepted the so-called eastern pronunciation. The consequences have not for diminished the Serbian Cyrillic script with the decline of the Yugoslav ideology (which was first abandoned by the Croats) nor with the falling apart of the Yugoslav state.
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Boltz, William G. "Textual Criticism More Sinico." Early China 20 (1995): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800004569.
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Textual transmission is viewed in the West typically as a destructive process that results in ever greater corruption and error in a text, and the enterprise of textual criticism in correspondingly seen as the task of restoring the damaged text to a form as close to its original as possible. In China such a negative view of the process of textual transmission does not normally obtain, and textual criticism therefore does not carry the image of being primarily a rehabilitative procedure.An important part of the reason for the different perception of the consequences of textual transmission and of the goals of textual criticism lies with the nature of the writing systems involved. Western texts in alphabetic scripts directly reveal errors at the level below that of the word, e.g., spelling errors, grammar errors, pronunciation errors, etc., for which no interpretation is available save that of seeing them as mistakes. Orthographic errors in Chinese texts, written in logographic script, are not prone to such immediate identification as mistakes. All variants in a text written in a logographic script have the potential to be meaningful and therefore are perceived as different, but are not stigmatized automatically as wrong.
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Willian, Steven, Theresia Herlina Rochadiani, and Thamrin Sofian. "Design of Batak Toba Script Recognition System Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm." Sinkron 8, no. 3 (July 3, 2023): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i3.12617.
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Indonesia is one of the countries with diversity and abundant cultural wealth, one of which is the Batak Toba script as one of the wealth originating from the Batak tribe. However, the existence of the Batak Toba script is decreasing along with the rapid development of the times, due to the lack of interest of the younger generation and public awareness in preserving the Batak Toba script. From these problems, the author conducted research to create a model of introducing the Batak Toba script, as an effort to preserve the Batak Toba script which is one of Indonesia's cultural wealth. The purpose of this research is to create a Batak Toba script recognition model using a digital handwriting dataset, and has an output in the form of visual text and with audio pronunciation of each script. The method used in this research is the Convolutional Neural Network algorithm combined with RMSprop optimizer. Convolutional Neural Network is an algorithm that is one of the deep learning methods that has good performance on image data. The results of this study incised a recognition model with a relatively high level of accuracy, which is equal to 99,54% which was tested on the Batak Toba script dataset in the form of digital handwriting. Through this research, the model using the Convolutional Neural Network algorithm used in this research is able to produce good results for recognizing the Batak Toba script in the form of handwriting.
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Jaf, Ashti Afasyaw, and Sema Koç Kayhan. "Machine-Based Transliterate of Ottoman to Latin-Based Script." Scientific Programming 2021 (November 5, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7152935.
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In this paper, a machine-based transliterate is presented. The automatic transliteration of Ottoman to the modern Latin Turkish script can open a big window for scientists in fields of history and literature while most of the Turkish people are not familiar with Ottoman script, despite the fact that no concrete solution has been proposed yet for this issue. The proposed method includes several steps since the transliteration process of Ottoman alphabet to Latin base consists of many problems; the first is the basic character mapping which covers the regular pronunciation and orthography mapping. On the other hand, covering other irregular and extraordinary cases is based on rules and normalization. The transliteration system achieved 73.9% accuracy in general.
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GOLOB, Nina, and Mateja PETROVČIČ. "Hokkaido Pumpkins and Huawei Phones: Anti-hiatus Tendencies in Slovene." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 8, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.8.2.63-82.
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In Slovene, sound shapes of Japanese and Chinese words undergoing the process of assimilation may be quite different from their origins, which in the end should not come as a surprise as it is so in many other languages. However, the fact that there are many cases with two slightly different Slovene pronunciations of the same Japanese or Chinese word, of which one is closer to the original sound shape than the other, calls for a more comprehensive investigation on the factors that contributed to such a result. This research pays attention to vowel sequences in Japanese and Chinese, and how they appear in Slovene as the so called visiting lexica. Though the two languages carry out vowel sequences in different ways, similarities can be found in the way Slovene detects and resolves their vowel hiatuses. Authors stress the importance of metrical aspects of the original sound shapes, which Latin script includes inconsistently or does not express at all. Phonological approach to vowel sequences solution to vowel hiatus and offers systematic guidelines on pronunciation of the Latin script. Besides, it may further bring some new insights into possible solution on conjugation and declination forms of Japanese and Chinese loanwords in Slovene.
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Baso, Yusring Sanusi. "Reduce the Foreign Accent of Indonesian Arabic Learners Through A Minimal Pairs Strategy." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 6, no. 1 (April 11, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v6i1.4145.
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The purpose of this study is to discuss how to use the minimal pairs strategy to help students improve their pronunciation abilities. The Research and Development (R&D) and the Quasy Experimental Non-Equivalent Control Group Designs were combined in this study (QENECGD). The R & D method was used to develop a model for implementing the minimal pairs strategy. The QENECGD method was used to evaluate students' final performance following the implementation of the minimal pairs strategy. The study enrolled 50 students who took Basic Arabic Language Proficiency course. Twenty-five students were assigned to the minimal pairs strategy, while the remaining twenty-five served as the control class. All students were required to read an Arabic script during the pre-test and post-tests. The results of these readings were analyzed for pronunciation accuracy using the provided reading script. The Bogaert scale was used in conjunction with the non-parametric test. The findings indicated that the minimal pairs strategy affected students' attainment of a foreign accent level. Additionally, statistical analysis enables the experimental and control groups to be distinguished. Furthermore, the N Gain Score statistic demonstrates the effectiveness of the minimal pairs method.
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Korn, Agnes. "Parthian ž." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 73, no. 3 (October 2010): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x1000039x.
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AbstractThis article argues that the opposition between Old Iranian *č and *ǰ was preserved in Manichaean Parthian not only word-initially, but also in postvocalic position, at least at the time of the introduction of the Manichaean script. The approach is phonological, and attempts to show that Pth. /č/ (< OIr. *č), written <c> and <z̈>, and Pth. /ž/ (< OIr. *ǰ and *ž), written <j>, are consistently distinguished in the Manichaean script. Pth. /č/ may have developed a postvocalic allophone [ǰ] (not affecting the phonematic opposition), which might have been a motivation for the use of the letter <z̈>. Transcriptions into Sogdian script and the cantillations suggest a coalescence of the Pth. phonemes, but it is not clear whether this is a later development of the Pth. language itself or a peculiarity of the liturgical pronunciation of Parthian as practised by Manichaeans in Central Asia.1
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Yang, Yi. "A Comparative Study of Reforms on Language Policy in Persian and Qin Empire." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 12 (April 19, 2023): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v12i.7650.
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After establishing a territory extensive, multicultural and diverse ethnic empire, in order to consolidate power, Darius I and the First Emperor of Qin carried out a quite similar reform, but they took the opposite approaches to language policy: Darius adopted a loose language policy, allowing people who lived on the conquered lands to remain their languages and scripts, while the First Emperor of Qin adopted the “unification of scripts and pronunciation” policy, abolished the paleography in the former six countries and formed a consolidated official character based on the Qing characters named “seal character”. Therefore, this paper uses the comparative historical analysis approach to compare the historical background, influential factors and results of the two different language policies adopted by Darius and the First Emperor of Qin; it reveals that the “unification of script” policy was the key or at least one of the key, to not only increase effectiveness and accuracy in decree passing but also to form cultural memory of the polity which was the foundation of national identity to increase the stability and continuity of an empire.
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Chen, May Jane, and Joseph Chak-Kau Yuen. "Effects of Pinyin and Script Type on Verbal Processing: Comparisons of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Experience." International Journal of Behavioral Development 14, no. 4 (December 1991): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549101400405.
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Children in the People's Republic of China (PRC) learn to read Chinese using a simplified script by pinyin, an alphabetic system. Taiwanese children learn Chinese using traditional characters and pinyin, Hong Kong children also learn Chinese with traditional characters, but without pinyin. The effects of these experiences were assessed by comparing children's performance on three tasks relevant to verbal processing. This study involved groups of children from each of the three places, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Three tasks were used: pseudohomophone naming, similarity judgement, and lexical decision. The results showed that the PRC children and Taiwanese children performed better than the Hong Kong children in the naming of pseudohomophones. In the similarity judgement task, the children were required to choose between two response words, one of which was similar to the target word in pronunciation and the other in appearance. The PRC children tended to choose the visually similar reponse words more often than did the Taiwanese and Hong Kong children. In the lexical decision task, the PRC children were far less accurate than the other children in rejecting nonwords as real words. These results suggest that pinyin training helps readers pronounce unfamiliar words by facilitating the extraction of phonological information for pronunciation and that the PRC children's experience in learning the simplified Chinese script has made them more responsive to visual information but less precise in word recognition.
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Sarif, Suharia, and Amran AR. "Efektivitas Artificial Intelligence Text to Speech dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca." Jurnal Naskhi Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan dan Bahasa Arab 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47435/naskhi.v6i1.2697.
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As a second international language, Arabic has an existence to be learned by the general public, especially in formal and non-formal educational institutions. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in various aspects of life has brought significant impacts, including in the field of education and learning. One increasingly popular application of AI is Text-to-Speech (TTS), which allows computers to convert written text into audible voice. This study aims to help users understand Arabic text reading, especially for users who cannot read Arabic script. And can be one of the tools or alternatives in the process of learning Arabic to improve reading skills. AI text-to-speech (TTS) can be very useful in improving reading skills. One way that AI TTS can help is in Clear Pronunciation: AI TTS can produce clear and accurate sounds, helping listeners understand words correctly and mimic proper pronunciation.
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Mohd. Arif, Mohd Arifin, Norazlina Mohd Kiram, and Noor Aina Dani. "LANGUAGE IDENTITY CONSTRUCTS AMONGST ETHNIC BRUNEI MALAY TEENS IN MEMBAKUT, SABAH." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 35 (June 5, 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.535008.
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This study aims to analyze the language identity constructs preferred by Brunei Malay ethnic teens based on one language identity model. This study was conducted at SMK Membakut (2) Beaufort, Sabah. The sample consisted of 56 Brunei Malay ethnic teens age 15 years. The survey method was conducted using a structured questionnaire consisting of 17 language identity constructs. In addition to frequency tables and Likert scales, descriptive statistics are used to calculate percentages, mean and standard deviation of each language identity construct. The language identity constructs consist of a sense of belonging, attitude toward the pronunciation, language and social status, use or exposure of B1, language knowledge, and script or alphabet. The results showed their sense of belonging to the standard Malay was stronger than the Brunei Malay language. But the pronunciation pattern which they desired tends to be the Brunei Malay language. Usage or exposure of the Brunei Malay language as L1 by the Brunei community in the district of Membakut, Sabah was still up-to-the-minute. Thus, the participants chose to get more knowledge of the Malay Brunei language, not the standard Malay. However, in everyday life, teens associated social status with standard Malay which was more prestigious. Therefore, they chose to use standard Malay script or alphabet when sending text messages and e-mail. The pervasive use of Brunei Malay in low variety domains able them to maintain their identity and the continuity of Brunei culture despite government recommendations to assimilate and acculturation.
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Wiratsiwi, Wendri. "INITIAL ABILITY READING JAVANESE SCRIPT TO PARTICIPANTS IN CLASS IV SDN KUTOREJO I TUBAN ON MATERIAL SANDHANGAN." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR NUSANTARA 4, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/jpdn.v4i1.12204.
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A preliminary research was conducted which was aimed to determine the ability of early reading of Javanese literacy students class IV SDN Kutorejo I Tuban on sandhangan material consisting of three indicators namely the accuracy of voicing writing, pronunciation, and fluency. This preliminary research is part of the interactive multimedia development research of Arawa (Aplikasi Aksara Jawa) for learning reading Javanese script of sandhangan material. The first literacy test of Javanese literacy test consists of 10 words of Javanese script that has been added with sandhangan swara, sandhangan wyanjana, and sandhangan penyigeg-wanda. Early reading ability of Javanese script analyzed is reading skill of Javanese learner of class IV student of SDN Kutorejo I Tuban academic year 2017/2018 before implemented an interactive multimedia development Arawa (Aplikasi Aksara Jawa) that allegedly can improve the reading ability of Javanese learner. The result of the analysis showed that the early reading ability of students in grade IV of SDN Kutorejo I which got the score of KKM or ≥ 70 was 27.02% (10 students) with the highest score 82 and 72,98% (27 students) below 70 with the lowest score of 25
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Endah Sudarmilah. "Theoretical Educational Practices of Siraja Javanese Script Interactive Learning Media Based On 2D Application." Educational Administration: Theory and Practice 27, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 1098–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/kuey.v27i2.255.
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One of the cultural heritage of the ancestors of the Indonesian nation which is priceless is traditional script. The preservation of Javanese script has been carried out by the government, one of them is by including it in the education curriculum. Javanese script is one of the basic competencies that is less understood and sought after, most students consider Javanese script difficult to learn from both pronunciation and form. Based on observations made at SD Negeri Kleco 1 that the learning method used is the conventional method, not using instructional media. This study aims to determine the feasibility of the media and the influence of the use of interactive learning media on student learning outcomes in Javanese language. This research uses the R&D method with the ADDIE model. This study uses a Matching pretest and posttest control group design. Media validity of 21 items was declared valid with an average value of a coefficient of 0.87 and perfect reliability with a result of 0.943. The material content validity of 13 items was declared valid with an average value of a coefficient of 0.91 and strong reliability with a result of 0.745. Student questionnaire assessment results are categorized as acceptable with an average value of 80%. The value of learning outcomes of the control class is smaller than that of the experimental class, which is 65.73 < 76.97. The conclusion of this research is that SIRAJA learning media is appropriate and influential in improving student learning outcomes in Javanese language, especially Javanese script material.
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Crowther, Alice. "A Manuscript Russian-Chinese-Manchu Dictionary (from before 1737) in T.S. Bayer’s Papers in Glasgow University Library. Part II: Notes on the Manchu and Chinese Lexica and the Transcription of Manchu." Written Monuments of the Orient 8, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo114834.
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This article is the second part of a two-part presentation of an anonymous Russian-Chinese-Manchu manuscript dictionary from before 1737 held in the papers of T.S. Bayer (16941738) in Glasgow University Library. It examines the annotations found on sixty of the dictionarys 217 pages. These annotations use a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin script to give the pronunciation of the Chinese and Manchu entries. The article also discusses otherwise unattested Chinese and Manchu lexical entries found in the dictionary, and the use of popular variant character forms in the Chinese entries.
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Tsuraya, Annisa Shofa, Indah Miftah Awaliah, and Rezkianti. "THE STUDENTS’ ADVERSITIES IN MEMORIZING VOCABULARY." English Language Teaching for EFL Learners 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elties.v4i2.32071.
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This research aims at finding out the students’ obstacles in memorizing vocabulary due to some factors especially in the aspect of pronunciation and meaning. The researchers investigated the students' difficulties in memorizing vocabulary in one of state universities in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The participant of this study was the third semester students of English Education Department. Qualitative analysis was applied in this research. The researchers collected the data by conducting interviews which then transcribed into a script and documenting several important data that support this research. Based on the data collection, the researcher concludes that the difficulties faced by English students in memorizing vocabulary are; 1) difficulty in utterance 2) difficulty in differentiating the meaning of the words 3) pronunciation problem of the different meaning words but have similar sounds 4) learning words that are not suitable to their needs. Using the dictionary, expressions, and gestures that will help them to boost the vocabulary up easily.
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Chan, Lily, and Terezinha Nunes. "Children's understanding of the formal and functional characteristics of written Chinese." Applied Psycholinguistics 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010614.
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AbstractChinese script is often viewed as an exception to the processes of language learning in that it is presumed to be learned by rote. However, recent psycholinguistic investigations describing the formal and functional constraints of Chinese script have offered a new direction for a cognitive analysis of its acquisition. We investigated children's understanding of the formal and functional aspects of written Chinese in a task of judgment of orthographic acceptability and a creative spelling task. The formal constraint we examined was the fixed position of stroke patterns and their function as either a semantic radical (giving a clue to meaning) or a phonological component (giving a clue to pronunciation). The children (aged 4 to 9) attended either kindergarten or primary school in Hong Kong. Our results indicated that 6-year-olds could already use the positional rule to reject nonwords (which violate the formal constraint of position) as unacceptable, whereas pseudowords (which do not violate this constraint) were judged as acceptable. Significant effects of age and orthographic acceptability were observed. The task of creative writing replicated this trend and showed that, from age 6, the children were able to use semantic radicals to represent meaning. However, a more systematic use of phonological components as a clue to pronunciation was observed only among 9-year-olds. We conclude that learning to read and write in Chinese is not simply accomplished by the rote memorization of individual characters: rather, as children progress in learning, they develop an understanding of the underlying rules of written Chinese.
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额尔敦 and 巴特尔. "A Re-examination of the Pronunciation of the Khitan Large Script '乣' and Other Related Problems." ALTAI HAKPO ll, no. 18 (June 2008): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15816/ask.2008..18.006.
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Phan, John. "Chữ Nôm and the Taming of the South." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 8, no. 1 (2012): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2013.8.1.1.
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The early modern Sino-Vietnamese dictionary known as the Chỉ Nam Ngọc Âm Giải Nghĩa contains two prefaces: one written in Literary Sinitic, using Sinitic characters, and one written in Vietnamese, using the “vernacular” script called Chữ Nôm. If read separately, each preface makes independent arguments in favor of “semantosyllabic” graphemes (characters that encode information for both meaning and pronunciation). However, when read as a single, continuous text, the prefaces combine to present a defense of Chữ Nôm—not as a vernacular alternative to Sinitic characters—but as a legitimate augmentation of the intellectual technology they represent, and thus capable of “taming” southern culture and intellectuality into literate civilization
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Getka, Joanna. "UNICKI WARIANT CERKIEWSZCZYZNY? (NA MATERIALE WYDAŃ ECPHONEMATY LITURGIEY GRECKIEY Z WILNA I POCZAJOWA W XVII–XVIII WIEKU)." Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, no. 15 (December 1, 2022): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3143.si.2021-15.3.
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The article aims to verify the thesis about the existence of one Uniate variant of the Church Slavonic language in the Ruthenian lands of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This thesis was presented in research on the Vilnius edition of Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greckiey from 1671 made by Ukrainian and Russian philologist – Anna Bolek. The analysis of the phonetics of the two editions of the text Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greckiey (Vilnius 1671 and Poczajów 1784), issued in Latin script, leads to a different conclusion. In two dialectal areas: Belarusian and Ukrainian, there were different variants of the Church Slavonic language used in the Uniate Church that corresponded to the local pronunciation / literary tradition.
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Tran, Anh Q. "Catholicism and the Development of the Vietnamese Alphabet, 1620–1898." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 17, no. 2-3 (2022): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2022.17.2-3.9.
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This paper analyzes the Catholic contributions to the development of the Vietnamese alphabet—quốc ngữ, or the “national script”—during its first 250 years of existence, before it was popularized outside of Catholic circles. In particular, the article traces the evolution of quốc ngữ spelling in the writings and publications of European Catholic missionaries and Vietnamese catechists and priests from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. These texts include the dictionaries and descriptions of the Vietnamese language by Alexandre de Rhodes (1651) and Jean-Louis Tabert (1838), as well as lesser-known quốc ngữ writings before the twentieth century. Since the Vietnamese alphabet began as a transcription of spoken Vietnamese, its changing orthography also reflects changes in Vietnamese pronunciation.
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Utami, Erma Wahyu. "PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN PERAN DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER DAN KECERDASAN LINGUISTIK PADA SISWA SMP KELAS VIII DI PASRAMAN PURNA LINGGA PONDOK GEDE." Jurnal PASUPATI 6, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37428/pspt.v6i1.175.
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This study discusses the learning method using the role playing method in Pasraman with the aim of developing Linguistic character and intelligence. This research was conducted in Pasraman Purna Lingga Pondok Gede. The background of this research is to develop learning methods to vary, because previously in Pasraman Purna Lingga using conventional methods or lecture methods. The lecture method is considered less attractive because students are only silent, listening and easily bored for the writer trying to apply the role playing method, where students participate actively in the learning process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach in which the data collection uses interview techniques, observation and documentation in the Purna Lingga Pondok Gede area. From the results of the study using the role playing method that is applied to students of Class VIII Middle School characters in students has developed well, by using simulations through drama scripts students can know and understand the characters that are in the Ramayana story and applied in everyday life. Whereas for linguistic intelligence class VIII students are already good at using language and fluent in talking about knowing the accuracy of intonation, pronunciation, facial expressions and fluent in delivering the drama script. Keywords: Methods of Role Playing, Character, Linguistics
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Smith, Adam D. "EARLY CHINESE MANUSCRIPT WRITINGS FOR THE NAME OF THE SAGE EMPEROR SHUN 舜, AND THE LEGACY OF WARRING STATES-PERIOD ORTHOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN EARLY CHINESE RECEIVED TEXTS." Early China 40 (2017): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eac.2017.12.
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AbstractThe graph used to write the name of the mythical emperor Shun 舜 in received texts is a puzzling one. It is not obvious that any component in the graph, as it appears today, is semantically motivated, nor is there any element well suited to representing the name Shun phonetically. Texts like theShuowen jiezi說文解字 preserve an alternate writing of the name under the rubric “guwen古文,” but this too is hard to analyze in terms of the semantic and phonological motivation of the graph components. Without a clear understanding of why the name Shun is written the way it is, a reliable reconstruction of its Old Chinese pronunciation is difficult, and many of the graphic and phonological associations with “Shun” and related words made by early Chinese script, texts, and commentaries would be opaque.A graph that is clearly writing the name Shun, seen for the first time in two of the Warring States-period manuscripts from Guodian 郭店, partially resolved these difficulties, and in particular the question of the phonological spelling of the name. This in turn allows a series of interesting textual problems to be resolved. This article presents a selection of these, and discusses their implications for the history of the Chinese script and for textual transmission.
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Choi, Nam Gyu. "The Interpretation of “从夲” in Shuowen Jiezi and “从𠦪” in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions." Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 86 (April 30, 2024): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2024.04.86.15.
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Some people identify the character “夲” in clerical form as “𠦍”。 In Shuowen Jiezi (Explaining Graphs and Analyzing Characters), all characters belonging to “夲” are derived from the character “夲”, like “𠦪”、“曓”、“𡴞”、“奏”and“皋”。They are all components separated from the seal script forms of characters。But we believe that the character “夲” has nothing to do with the above。In Shuowen Jiezi, the pronunciation of the character “夲” is given as “滔”, which seems to inherit the “”, “” belonging to the character “𠦪”, borrowing the pronunciation of “禱”。We believe that the character “夲” may be related to the character “奔”, and its rhyme is also related to the characters “跑”, “挑”, or “走”, thus the pronunciation of the character “夲” is “滔”。 The initials of the characters “𠦪”, “曓”, “𡴞” and “奏” in Shuowen Jiezi are not very similar, the pronunciation of the character “夲” is “滔”, which also has a rhyming relationship with the characters “曓”, “奏” and “皋”, but their origins are different。The characters “𠦪”, “曓”, “𡴞” and “奏” can be classified under the “𠦪” radical, and the ancient form of the character “㚖” can be classified under the “㚔” radical。In Shuowen Jiezi, some characters in the “夲” section can be classified under the “𠦪” radical。This paper uses oracle bone inscriptions to explore the origin of the character “𠦪” , in the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, characters pronounced as “𠦪” include “𠦪”, “”, “”and “”, while the character “曓” has not yet been found。In the Yin and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions Collected, there are more than 50 examples of characters with the pronunciation of “𠦪”, such as “𩞑(饙)”, “賁”, “幩”, “帗”, “紱”, “韍”, “黻”, etc。In the bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the character “𠦪”is borrowed for characters such as “賁”, “幩”, “巿”, “祓”, “韍”, “饙” and “弼”, these borrowed characters have labial initials and a entering tone (-k) or a nasal ending (-en) in their rhyme。Their meanings, besides being used as personal names, also include “祓”, “賁”, “𩞑(饙)”, “弼”, “韍”, and “百”。 Among them, the character “” in “趩觶(chi zhi)” (06516) is interpreted as “百世”, which can be seen as a ligature, and it should be identify in clerical form as “”, but some people interpreted it as “𠦪”, we believe that should be interpreted as the variant character of “𠦪”。
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Ng, Patrick. "Readers Theatre in the Chinese EFL Classroom: Setting the Stage for Oral Performance." rEFLections 14 (December 30, 2011): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61508/refl.v14i0.114225.
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Readers Theatre is an example of a story dramatization in which readers read a story and transform the story into a script for reading aloud (Sloyer, 1989). The scripts are then performed using only voices and facial expressions. To portray the characters in the story, readers strive for voice flexibility, good articulation, proper pronunciation, and projection. This study was designed to investigate the perceptions of Chinese EFL learners of Readers Theatre as a way to improve their oral English .The participants for this study were PRC students enrolled in a Communication Skills course in Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. A survey questionnaire was designed to evaluate learners’ reactions to the Readers Theatre activity and the data were also triangulated by the teachers` observations of learners’ attitudes and behaviours. The findings from this study showed that a majority of Chinese EFL learners reacted positively to the use of Readers Theatre as a way to enhance their oral English performance. In addition, the RT activity provided the opportunity for Chinese EFL learners to engage in different language use functions such as asking and answering questions, solving problems, expressing their opinions, and arguing and persuading. Readers Theatre is a rewarding language learning experience for Chinese EFL learners as it boosts their confidence in using English in a real communicative context.
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Mansouri, Zoulal. "The Maghribi Mushaf as a Cultural Tradition of Moroccan People and its Relevance from Occasional Times." Eduprof : Islamic Education Journal 5, no. 2 (November 21, 2023): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47453/eduprof.v5i2.234.
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The Maghreb manuscripts have great cultural significance and are a valuable component of the nation's heritage. They are considered to represent Morocco's rich cultural heritage and provide an in-depth perspective on the history and culture of the country.. As time goes by, many of these mushafs have been abandoned because with advanced technology, Moroccan people can easily read the Koran digitally without using traditional mushafs. This research is a qualitative descriptive study . The research design used is a library research design where the data sources for this research are national and international books and journals, as well as other library sources. Research techniques are carried out using documentation, namely looking for data about a thing or variable in the form of books, articles and journals. Activities in data analysis include data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this research show that the differences between the Maghreb Mushaf and other Al-Quran editions lie in the script and pronunciation, along with a few more words, graphic variations/basic letters, and vowel variants. To read the Mushaf of the Maghreb, one must know the script, understand how to pronounce it, enroll in a Koran school, hear recitation, and practice frequently. By using this strategy, a person can become a better reader and understand the Koran more deeply. Use of the Maghreb Script Evolved Over Time The Maghreb can be traced back to its creation during the Islamic invasion and its subsequent devolution and refinement under several sultans. Maghreb manuscripts are currently preserved and digitized in large numbers, and this provides an invaluable learning opportunity for academics and researchers. The implication of the results of this research is that reading the Koran using a traditional mushaf does not mean backwardness, but is part of preserving culture and following the guidance taught by the Prophet Muhammad
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "USING TIKTOK APPLICATION AS AN ENGLISH TEACHING MEDIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 6, no. 2 (October 19, 2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v6i2.16058.
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This study describes the use of TikTok as a teaching medium and knows its benefits on students’ English skills. This research uses library research. The analysis shows that several ways in creating learning material by using TikTok, such as downloading the TikTok app through the Play Store or AppStore, creating a text/script, recording videos, using illustrations, editing, using hashtags, and uploading into TikTok. We enter the hashtag to learn English in the search field on TikTok, then various videos will appear that match the keywords. TikTok is an innovative application that can provide students with a new sense of desire and motivation in learning English even. Several previous studies show that TikTok gives benefits to students' English skills such as speaking, listening, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Therefore, TikTok can be chosen as an interesting learning medium that can support the learning process. The material is simple and useful, learning is not monotonous because it is equipped with writing features that are attractive to the audio and visual when delivering material. Teachers can create a variety of materials to explain material, practices, remedial or enrichment. We also can give assignments or projects to students to make video material with TikTok an interesting, innovative, and interactive video. Students are expected to identify various types of visual elements and incorporate them into a brief video, highlighting the audio-visual form of an explanation by utilizing editing skills.
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Liu, Wen. "Traditional “Nv Gong” (Embroidery) Culture’s Implication to the Design of Modern Costume." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.963.
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“Nv Gong”, also called embroidery, is one of traditional ethnic handicrafts of Chinese nation. It is made by stitching on the fabric in the light of the pattern designed and constituting some patterns or script. It is thereby called as “Nv Gong” because the embroidery is mostly made by women. The correct pronunciation of “Hong” in “Nv Hong” is “Gong”. The technique of “Nv Gong” (embroidery) is inherited from mother to daughter or mother-in-law to daughter-in-law, thus it is also called as “technique of mother”. The traditional “Nv Gong” (embroidery) plays a significant role in modern costume, and it injects cultural implication and vitality into the fashion. It not only stresses the blend of traditional culture and modern culture, but also emphasizes the concept of “only national technology can become popular in the world”. It both is a requirement for the appreciation of the beauty in modern costume, and shows the necessity of inheritance and promotion of traditional costume culture.
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Stonham, John. "Middle Korean ㅿ and the Cheju dialect." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 74, no. 1 (February 2011): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x10000741.
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AbstractAll records of Middle Korean are exclusively in the Central dialect, the prestige form spoken in the capital, and all printed material in the newly-created Hangǔl script emanated from there. For this reason, historical studies must rely on modern dialect data for comparison and reconstruction, since there are virtually no early dialect materials. In this study, I investigate the nature of the MK ㅿ, which is most often realized as /Ø/ in Modern Standard Korean, but which often surfaces as /s/ in Southern varieties, including the most conservative of these dialects, Cheju Korean. Sino-Korean forms in Cheju dialect containing an /s/ reflex of ㅿ demonstrate not only that ㅿ was realized as /z/ in such forms, but also that the dialects must have had special phonological rules to deal with their pronunciation. A further important issue concerns the nature of doublets and their treatment in both Middle Korean and Cheju dialect.
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Susanto, Susanto, and Deri Sis Nanda. "HARMONIZING SOUND AND SCRIPT: INTEGRATING PHONETIC SYMBOLS WITHIN THE LEXICAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE EFL LISTENING SKILL." English Review: Journal of English Education 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v12i1.9224.
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Phonetic symbols play a crucial role in linguistics by providing a systematic means to represent the phonological attributes of words, encompassing both pronunciation and orthographic manifestations. Their primary function is to enhance the identification and comprehension of words in spoken and written language contexts. In the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), this study explores the utilization of phonetic symbols to enhance students’ clarity and understanding when engaging with the English lexicon. This application is integrated into the framework of the lexical approach, a pedagogical paradigm that underscores the significance of mastering vocabulary and language components such as collocations, phrases, and idiomatic expressions. The participants were 46 students enrolled in phonetics and phonology courses at the English Language Education Department, Bandar Lampung University, Indonesia. The research design follows a classroom action research model, aiming to enhance students’ listening skills through the strategic incorporation of phonetic symbols within the lexical approach framework. Based on observations and assessments, the study reveals that proficiency in recognizing and differentiating phonetic symbols contributes to students’ comprehension of words embedded in spoken texts. Furthermore, the results from the testing phase indicate that 36 out of 46 students achieved a passing score of 75 or higher, reflecting a success rate of 78%. This achievement aligns with the predetermined research success criteria, highlighting the positive impact of incorporating phonetic symbols within the lexical approach for improving students’ language skills. The implications suggest that incorporating phonetic symbols within the lexical approach framework can serve as a valuable pedagogical strategy for educators aiming to enhance students listening skills and overall language proficiency in an EFL context.
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Trần, Trọng-Dương. "Analyzing graphic structure of phono-semantic characters: A Vietnamese method of teaching and learning Chinese characters." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 5, no. 2 (June 2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850221945392.
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From the perspective of graphological structure, this article examines Vietnamese methods of teaching and learning Chinese characters by analyzing their phonetic and semantic elements. The selected sample for the survey is taken from characters collected from Thiều Chửu’s Dictionary of Chinese Script with Sino-Vietnamese Reading—the most useful dictionary in Vietnam in nearly 100 years. The resulting statistics reveal that, out of the 14,950 characters in this dictionary, there are 931 phonetic elements in which 455 are strong ones, producing 10–20 phono-semantic characters. This article argues that analyzing the relationship between the characters and their phonetic elements read in Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation is a good method for Vietnamese people to teach and learn Chinese characters. The method of learning Chinese characters has been applied in teaching Chinese characters for more than 1000 monks and nuns at the Vietnam Buddhist Academy in Hanoi. The experimental results show that students were able to improve their vocabulary very quickly, and could apply this to learning and teaching Chinese characters.
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Dudás, Előd. "Dvojna tradicija latinice u Hrvata: povijesni pregled." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 65, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2020.00021.
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Povijest hrvatske latinične grafije je iznimno bogata i istraživačima pruža brojne zanimljivosti, mada je dosad bilo objavljeno veoma malo djela o toj temi. Prvi takav pokušaj je bio Maretićeva povijest latiničke grafije (Maretić 1889). Svakako treba istaknuti rad Milana Moguša i Josipa Vončine (Moguš–vončina 1969) koji je u mnogočemu ispravio Maretićeve pogrešne tvrdnje. Također u posljednje vrijeme je bilo objelodanjeno nekoliko radova o povijesti latiničke grafije u Hrvata (Kapetanovič 2005, Farkaš–Ćurak 2016, Farkaš 2019). Kad se govori o istraživanju hrvatske latinice, nikako ne smijemo zaboraviti doprinos Lászla Hadrovicsa. On je bio jedini koji se usredotočio na detaljniji prikaz dvojnog razvoja latinice u Hrvata od samih početaka. U ovom ćemo radu ići njegovim tragovima, budući da je cilj našega rada predstavljanje dvojne tradicije hrvatske latinice i onog kulturnopovijesnog konteksta koji je okarakterizirao razvoj hrvatske grafije.U razvoju latinice crkva je imala najvažniju ulogu. Crkva je bila i središte pismenosti u srednjem vijeku. Iz toga slijedi da izgovor određenih latinskih glasova je utjecao na razvoj grafije pojedinih nacionalnih jezika. U slučaju hrvatskog jezika sve to je još posebnije, budući da na južnom dijelu Hrvatske nalazimo jak talijanski i mletački utjecaj, a na sjevernom je dijelu, što naime poklapa s Zagrebačkom biskupijom, očit jak mađarski utjecaj. Južna je tradicija pratila talijanski način izgovora latinskih glasova, što je utjecalo i na razvoj latiničke grafije. S druge strane nalazimo mađarski način izgovora lat. /s/, tj. [ʃ], [ʒ] na sjevernom području. Ova dva sustava su stoljećima karakterizirali hrvatsku latiničnu grafiju, međutim od kraja XVI. stoljeća je bilo više pokušaja za primjenu mješovitog sustava, a jedino je bilo to uspješno u slavonskoj grafiji XVIII. stoljeća.The history of the Croatian Latin-script orthography is remarkably rich and contains several interesting facts for the researchers; however, only a handful of writings have been published in this matter. The first work written in the topic is Maretić’s history of orthography (Maretić 1889). It is also important to mention the study by Milan Moguš and Josip Vončina (Moguš–vončina 1969), in which they corrected several false statements written by Maretić. Recently, a few more papers on orthographic history have been published (Kapetanovič 2005, Farkaš–Ćurak 2016, Farkaš 2019); nevertheless, it is necessary to point out the work by László Hadrovics, the only researcher in the subject who paid great attention to the dual tradition of the Latin-script orthography in the Croatian language. Following the steps of Hadrovics, the main goal of this paper is to present which cultural historical reasons determined the development of the dual tradition of the Croatian Latin-script orthography as well as to introduce the use of graphemes in detail.The church played an important role in the development of the Latin script. During the Middle Ages, the church counted as the centre of the literacy, thus it is obvious that the ecclesiastical Latin pronunciation defined the evolution of the individual national languages’ orthographies. From this point of view, the Croatian is a special case, as in the Middle Ages, the Southern Croatian areas were strongly affected by the Italian, more precisely by the Venetian language, while in the northern areas, overlapping the Archdiocese of Zagreb, a strong Hungarian impact can be observed. The southern orthographic tradition follows the Italian pronunciation, i.e. the spelling is also based on the current Italian orthography. Nevertheless, in the northern areas, the Latin /s/ phoneme is pronounced in a Hungarian way, as [ʃ] or [ʒ]. The two orthographic systems were in use side by side over the centuries; nonetheless, since the end of the 16th century, there were several attempts to create a “mixed” system, which was successfully carried out only in the 18th-century Slavonian orthography.
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Гуль, О. Г. "Peculiarities of spelling the Chinese syllables ju, qu, xu, yu." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.16.
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Considering the significance and actuality of the Chinese syllables: their phonetic sounding and peculiarities of pronunciation, the proposed article will focus on the syllables which are regarded to be a difficult phonetic aspect. The main goal of this article is to become a brief guide of the correct and incorrect spelling for the Chinese syllables “ju”, “qu”, “xu” and “yu”, and to bring clearance into understanding of the necessity to spell the Chinese character correctly, in accordance with the basic phonetic laws. The article provides the rules of correct spelling, frequent spelling mistakes, syllable peculiarities and difficulties in understanding the main point of the statement, while being pronounces incorrectly. The article will reveal that the background of the issue is hidden in the formation of pinyin, and the consecutive process of its reformation and simplification. The information and research, provided in the article will be supported by the fundamental pinyin Chart, shown in two parallels: the original Chinese writing and spelling of the syllables, on the one hand and the spelling, offered by the Archimandrite Palladyi for the transcription and transliteration of the Chinese syllables into Cyrillic script, on the other.
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Nkrumah, Bright, and Raymond Asamoah. "Ghanaian Chinese Language Learners’ Perception of Chinese Characters." Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 7, no. 2 (October 12, 2022): 329–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ftl.v7i2.14077.
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This paper investigated students’ perception of learning Chinese characters at the University of Ghana. The Chinese writing system is an exclusive indispensable script that forms part of the Chinese culture. However, the complexity, forms, strokes, pronunciation, radicals, and orthography structure of the characters makes it difficult for Ghanaian students to learn the Chinese language. A qualitative and quantitative design was used for the study. Of 338 students, 183 participated in the study from the first to the fourth year. Purposive sampling was used to select the students to respond to the questionnaire and share their opinions about the Chinese characters in interviews. The findings showed that (a) reading and writing of the Chinese characters were perceived to be more difficult than speaking. (b) the Chinese character radicals, forms, remembering of strokes, orders, numbers, and the orthography structure of the Chinese characters were a hurdle for Chinese language learners. Suggestions were made to urge students to cultivate the habit of consistently practicing the characters through collective participation and learning. The language learners need to do away with excuses, fear, and make-believe obstructions and spend more time in the learning process to enhance their skills in the Chinese writing system.
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Baldauf, Richard B. "Language Planning: Corpus Planning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 10 (March 1989): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001173.
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Beginning with the framework established by Haugen (1983) as a basis for this review, corpus planning can be defined as those aspects of language planning which are primarily linguistic and hence internal to language. Some of these aspects related to language are: 1) orthographic innovation, including design, harmonization, change of script, and spelling reform; 2) pronunciation; 3) changes in language structure; 4) vocabulary expansion; 5) simplification of registers; 6) style, and 7) the preparation of language material (Bamgbose 1989). Jernudd (1988) provides a more detailed discussion of these linguistic aspects of language planning. Although the creation of these language related materials often requires intense linguistic activity, the focus of this review is not on linguistic description, but rather on historical and sociolinguistic studies which illuminate corpus planning processes. These processes can be divided into two categories: those related to the establishment of norms, and those related to the extension of the linguistic functions of language. In his revised model, Haugen labels the former category, Codification or standardization procedures, and the latter, Elaboration or the functional development of language. These categories form the two major sections for this review.
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Hermena, Ehab W., Sana Bouamama, Simon P. Liversedge, and Denis Drieghe. "Does diacritics‐based lexical disambiguation modulate word frequency, length, and predictability effects? An eye‐movements investigation of processing Arabic diacritics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0259987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259987.
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In Arabic, a predominantly consonantal script that features a high incidence of lexical ambiguity (heterophonic homographs), glyph-like marks called diacritics supply vowel information that clarifies how each consonant should be pronounced, and thereby disambiguate the pronunciation of consonantal strings. Diacritics are typically omitted from print except in situations where a particular homograph is not sufficiently disambiguated by the surrounding context. In three experiments we investigated whether the presence of disambiguating diacritics on target homographs modulates word frequency, length, and predictability effects during reading. In all experiments, the subordinate representation of the target homographs was instantiated by the diacritics (in the diacritized conditions), and by the context subsequent to the target homographs. The results replicated the effects of word frequency (Experiment 1), word length (Experiment 2), and predictability (Experiment 3). However, there was no evidence that diacritics-based disambiguation modulated these effects in the current study. Rather, diacritized targets in all experiments attracted longer first pass and later (go past and/or total fixation count) processing. These costs are suggested to be a manifestation of the subordinate bias effect. Furthermore, in all experiments, the diacritics-based disambiguation facilitated later sentence processing, relative to when the diacritics were absent. The reported findings expand existing knowledge about processing of diacritics, their contribution towards lexical ambiguity resolution, and sentence processing.
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Ismailia, Titik, and Suyik Binarkaheni. "Implementing a Video Project for Assessing Students’ Speaking Skills: A Case Study in a Non-English Department Context." Journal of English in Academic and Professional Communication 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jeapco.v8i1.3878.
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Speaking is one of the productive skills in English. Among the four language skills, speaking tends to be the language skill that seems to be difficult for students to do because it requires students to be able to communicate orally in English. This constraint has led to several studies about the teaching and learning of speaking. To enrich the studies about the teaching of speaking, this paper aims to describe the process of doing a video project by fulfilling all elements of speaking such as grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and pronunciation. The participants of the study are 71 students of the Food Crop Production Program at Politeknik Negeri Jember. By doing the project, students can conduct a series of activities as follows: deciding a topic, working on language aspects, planning the video, drafting, editing, uploading the finished video on the YouTube channel, and giving a score of the video. The results show that by conducting the project, the students learn to write a script with better grammar and vocabulary, understand the task, and pronounce English words correctly and fluently. The video project also encourages the students to learn how to edit videos using editing software. This project also helps students and lecturers do collaborative teaching and learning processes to produce a video with some elements of speaking completely.
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Risqi Ekanti Ayuningtyas Palupi, Budi Purwanto, and Tri Wuryanto. "Role-Playing Method for Students' Interpersonal Communication Improvement." Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/khatulistiwa.v3i2.2085.
Full textAbstract:
Interpersonal communication involves interaction between two or more people, usually with a direct connection and with some sort of relationship being assumed. Interpersonal communication is often distinguished from group communication, organizational communication especially in corporate or business settings, public communication, or mass communication. The lack of students’ communication activities signed by the students’ commonly shy to speak up or delivering their idea. Most of them have a high anxiety in speaking. It also supports with there are no activities outside classroom in enhancing their capacity in speaking. The important thing to remember is that interpersonal communication is not part of an innate personality trait, but is a skill that can be learned and trained.
This research aims to improve the ability of interpersonal communication by role playing method for second year students of Digital Business and Disaster Management Program of Akbara Polytechnic. This research is a Classroom Action Research. Subject of this research is 20 students. The data collection methods are test and observation. The first cycle of role-playing action is based on the drama script. The first and the second cycle focused on the aspect of speaking ability especially for grammar, diction/vocabulary, pronunciation, fluency, and comprehension. The second cycle of role-playing action is based on the drama script but the students’ roles are changed. The second cycle is focused on the aspect of equality which is still lack of it. The improvement of the teaching learning process can be shown by the result of students’ speaking observation such as the students being active to deliver their character, use the correct grammar, delivering the message of the character fluency and comprehension, minimum the hesitation, and use various vocabularies. Moreover, the improvement also can be seen form the students’ average test score of speaking, they are: (1) the students’ average pre-test score is 60,4; (2) the students’ average post-test score on the first cycle is 73,8; (3) the students’ average post-test score on the second cycle is 89,5. It can be concluded that role-playing method can enhance the students’ ability of interpersonal communication for student of second grade students of Digital Business and Disaster Management Program of Akbara Polytechnic.
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Rizki, Syukri. "Hikayat Prang Sabi: Acehnese Jawi as a Medium of Successful Da’wa." Proceedings of International Conference on Da'wa and Communication 1, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/icondac.v1i1.287.
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Besides serving as a means of entertainment, a hikayat in Aceh plays a salient role when it comes to inculcating the Islamic values to perform jihad. An epic Hikayat Prang Sabi – which is written in Acehnese Jawi – is evident to spur the Acehnese people to struggle against the Dutch invaders during the Aceh War. Numerous studies have been conducted on this hikayat to scrutinize the striking motivation it harbors. Noticeably, the hikayat is proof that Acehnese Jawi became an effective medium in successfully transmitting the da’wa to defend land and soul. However, the orthography, unlike Malay Jawi, now suffers from the lack of attention in terms of its writing system. Therefore, it is imperative to study how the orthography is employed so that it had such sheer readability in communicating the divine message. For this reason, this study attempts to unravel the Jawi writing system employed by the author in writing the hikayat. Content analysis is conducted on the script of the hikayat which is the subject of this study. It is found that the hikayat is written in various Acehnese dialects, which then affect the Jawi spelling. The Acehnese Jawi in the hikayat does share the same spelling in some words with Malay Jawi even though pronounced differently. A plethora of Arabic loanwords maintains their original spellings in Acehnese Jawi while some others are customized to suit the progressive change of local pronunciation and due to the attachment of prefixes and suffixes.
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Cheng, Mofang, and Pengfei Chen. "Applying PERMA to Develop College Students’ English Listening and Speaking Proficiency in China." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.23.2021.104.333.350.
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Positive Psychology is applied to broaden the learning of a second language, whose application in schools is referred to as Positive Education. The PERMA model (Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) proposed by Seligman provides a way for positive education to flourish and open up a new perspective for Chinese scholars in different fields. Hence, the main focus of this study was to explore the effect of PERMA on students’ English listening and speaking competency in the Chinese context. This study used a quasi-experimental and a mixed method research design, which included developing a curriculum of PERMA in English speaking and listening, teaching intervention, and a speaking and listening competence test. A total of 240 students studying the same course from six classes, specializing in arts and science, participated in the teaching experiment with the same study level. A total of 110 students in the control group (CG) were taught using traditional teaching methods and the remaining 130 in the experimental group (EG) were subjected to a PERMA intervention for 14 weeks. The results of a one-way ANCOVA indicated a significant improvement in English listening and speaking proficiency of those in the experimental group due to the intervention of PERMA. The outcome of qualitative study conducted by semi-structured interview revealed that students had made progress in English pronunciation, oral expression in their speaking competency. They could also keep up with the speed of audio script and they understood key sentences and details in the listening process. The study pedagogically implicated that whole school approach, including the changes of curriculum, teaching skills, teacher education, and community involvement, should be explored for a new framework of Positive Language Education.
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Mammadova, Aytakin. "Preparation of new textbooks for Azerbaijan primary schools in the years of 1920-1931." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2021, no. 3 (136) (October 18, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2021-3-5.
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The proclaming of the Azerbaijani language as the main language was one of the most important changes in the reform of new schools in Azerbaijan in the 1920s. Preparation of textbooks in the native language for primary schools has become one of the actual issues. The development of national culture depended on the application level of the mother tongue. The purpose of the research is to study preparation of new textbooks for Azerbaijan primary schools in the years of 1920-1931. It was not possible to develop national schools without creating textbooks and additional teaching resources in the national language. It was difficult to develop new textbooks in all subjects for all groups (classes) in a short period. There were various reasons of the difficulties: 1) lack of professionals and teaching staff for designing textbooks in all subjects; 2) lack of scientific terminology in Biology, Physics, Mathematics other subjects; 3) lack of experience in the field of printing and publishing issues; 4) lack of professional translators; 5) the Arabic alphabet which hinders cultural progress, etc. The article identifies the nature of these difficulties and analyzes the solution methods. Textbooks for primary schools based on the new Turkish alphabet (Latin script) are analyzed in the article. In 1922, the New Turkish Alphabet Committee was established under the Central Excutive Commission (CEC) of Azerbaijan. Then Jalil Mammadzadeh, Mammadagha Shahtakhtli and others were also appointed to the committee. The committee organized its activities in three directions: 1) editorial and publishing department; 2) training and science department; 3) organizational department. As a result, a lot of issues regarding the compatibility of the new Latin alphabet with our language, harmony, and pronunciation were discussed; and finally, on July 22, 1922, it was decided to switch from the Arabic alphabet into the new Latin alphabet.
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Ardiyanti S, Sulasri, Kamsinah Kamsinah, Nurasik Nurasik, and Abdul Muis Said. "THE DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY FACED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHERS AT MTs MADANI PAO-PAO MAKASSAR." English Language Teaching for EFL Learners 3, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elties.v3i2.18851.
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This research describes the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teachers faced at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Makassar. It is conducted to know the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teacher and also the factors that caused the difficulties in teaching vocabulary at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Makassar. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative to analyse the data. The researcher collects the data through observation and interview. The data are from the interview script. The researcher conducted the data by the English teachers as the subject. The teachers teaching in class 7 at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Makassar. The methods used by the researcher are collecting the data are conducted observation and interviews. The procedure for collecting data analysis is data reduction, data display, conclusion. Based on the class observation and interview, the researcher concludes the difficulties in teaching vocabulary at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Makassar and what are the factors that caused the difficulties for the teachers in teaching vocabulary at MTs Madani Pao-Pao Makassar. Based on the observation and interview, the researcher concluded that the difficulties in teaching vocabulary by the English teacher are classroom management; the teacher’s difficulties in motivating the students; the teaching media is limited (especially textbooks); teacher’s difficulties telling students for memorizing vocabulary. The factors that caused the difficulties in teaching vocabulary are laziness; lack of motivation; lack of vocabulary; students' lack of pronunciation; and students' lack of confident when learning English. The researcher suggested for the teachers to learn how to overcome their problems in the English especially vocabulary of the students, classroom management, and motivate the students for learning English because those were the main factors that affect teachers' difficulties in teaching vocabulary.
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Mazur, S. M. "SUGGESTIVNESS OF THE “OFUDESAKI” TEXT: INTENTION OR FORTUITOUSNESS?" Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.236854.
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The article goal is to single out and describe verbal means of suggestive influence on the recipient of “Ofudesaki” text a translation erbatim from Japanese: “At the tip of the brush”), which is the main script of the Tenrikyo religion, one of the “oldest” among the many newest syncretic religions in Japan, founded by a simple peasant Nakayama Miki (1797-1887) in 1838. The text “Ofudesaki”, written by the founder of this religion “from the words of God the Father” in 1869-1881, consists of 17 chapters and 1711 tanka poems, which vividly reflect the Japanese language of the second half of the 19th century. This makes it possible to consider “Ofudesaki” as a valuable source of spoken and literary language of this historical era, as well as the then Kansai dialect, because, despite the poetic form, this work is saturated with colloquial vocabulary and dialectal expressions. Thus, the subject of research is the graphic, phonetic, lexical and syntactic features of “Ofudesaki” text, which reflect not only the idiolect of the author of this sacred work, but also give good reason to make assumptions about the intentional pastiche of this text by Nakayama Miki at almost all language levels. The methods of semantic, grammatical, etymological analysis, as well as historical and descriptive ones are used in the work. One of the main results and substantiated by specific examples study findings is the hypothesis put forward by the author of the article that the convergence of Japanese spoken language with literary language was bidirectional. Not only the language of fiction actively influenced the normative base of the national language through the education system, but also the spoken element had a significant impact on the then Japanese language, “eroding” the limits defined by the literary tradition: changing the pronunciation of words, lexical composition, grammar rules, stylistic norms, and so on.
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Kurkebaev, Kenzhetai. "INCONSISTENCIES IN TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION OF TEXTS OF ANCIENT TURKIC WRITTEN MONUMENTS." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2022-3.10.
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The article discusses in detail the issues of discrepancies in transcription and translations of texts of ancient Turkic written monuments. It is indicated that in ancient Turkic written texts and their translations, a method of transcription is used that reflects a clear image of the sound composition of words. In the history of the development of writing, especially the reconstruction and restoration of ancient versions of writing, re-reading them, as in the same Ancient original, becomes a very difficult task for the doctrine of grammatology. While the fact that it has been preserved from the depths of ancient centuries without leaving various stains on the surfaces is a separate problem, it is undoubtedly one of the reasons for the discrepancy between the pronunciation and spelling, sound and marking of words of that era. The provisions of the ancient Turkic written texts of monuments that do not coincide with the original texts of sound, morphemic, lexeme, phrasal and phrasal systems translated by Turkologists of different periods are analyzed. A comparative analysis was carried out based on concrete examples of how the first line of the small script on the Kultegin monument was read and translated by scientists. As a result of a mutual comparison of the lines of the text, it was found that in the translated versions of the same sentence in the text of Kultegin, the double word in(i)ygün(ü)m (brothers-nephews) was translated by Turkologists in different versions. In addition, in studies and analyses of linguotextological examinations of texts of ancient Turkic written monuments, it is noted that one of the reasons why translations and sound inconsistencies can be directly related to differently interpreted and differently readable phonemic designations of individual sounds and pictographic symbols.
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Zuhri, Z. "Beyond Syncretism: Evidence of the Vernacularization of Islamic Theological Terms in Javanese Literature in the 19th Century." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 60, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.602.373-398.
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Scholars have long debated whether the relationship between Islam and Javanese culture should be considered syncretism or inculturation. This article analyzes Javanese literature to discuss post-syncretism in Islamic studies. It argues that Javanese literature exemplifies the vernacularization of Islamic theology into Javanese language and discourse. It describes how Islamic theology was used in eight Javanese texts at different historical points in the 19th Century. The leading Islamic theological terms (God, angels, Al-Qur’an, Prophet, and the Last Day) have consistent meanings in the Javanese text. Differences were only found in spelling, pronunciation, and written script that converted Arabic to Javanese and Pegon. Vernacularization functions as a tool for transmitting knowledge while the substance, meaning, and content remain unchanged. Therefore, there is no evidence of syncretism in using these terms. Syncretism may have operated in Javanese culture (e.g., Javanese Islamic rituals), but it does not appear that syncretism has penetrated the realm of theology. Accordingly, future studies on local Islam should explore discursive traditions and how knowledge has been generated alongside the process of Islamization.[Para sarjana telah berdebat lama apakah hubungan Islam dan budaya Jawa, sebaiknya berupa sinkretisme atau inkulturasi. Artikel ini membahas literatur Jawa untuk mendiskusikan post-sinkretisme dalam kajian Islam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa literatur Jawa mencerminkan penyebaran teologi Islam melalui bahasa Jawa dan wacananya. Artikel ini menunjukkan teologi Islam dalam enam teks Jawa dengan penekanan historis yang berbeda pada abad 19. Istilah teologi penting seperti, Allah, malaikat, al-Qur’an, nabi dan kiamat, mempunyai makna yang tetap dalam teks Jawa. Perbedaan yang muncul hanya ejaan, pengucapan dan penulisan saat dialihkan dari bahasa Arab ke bahasa Jawa dan aksara pegon. Pribumisasi berfungsi sebagai alat transmisi pengetahuan, sedangkan substansi, makna dan kandungannya tidak berubah. Oleh karena itu tidak ada sinkretisme yang digunakan dalam pribumisasi ini. Sinkretisme mungkin berlangsung di wilayah budaya, tetapi tidak dalam konteks teologi. Dengan demikian, kajian ke depan tentang Islam lokal mengarah pada diskursif tradisi dan bagaimana pengetahuan berkembang seiring dengan proses islamisasi.]