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1
BEN ARBIA, Achraf. "PRONOMS PERSONNELS COMPLÉMENTS DISJOINTS ET PRONOMS ADVERBIAUX EN ET Y : FONCTIONNEMENT SÉMANTIQUE ET MODE DE DONATION DU RÉFÉRENT." FRANCISOLA 1, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v1i2.5548.
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RÉSUMÉ. Notre objectif consistera à étudier, d’un point de vue contrastif, le fonctionnement référentiel des pronoms adverbiaux en et y et des pronoms personnels compléments disjoints en français classique et en français moderne. Cette étude opposera le mode de donation référentielle des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels disjoints. Autrement dit, nous mettrons l’accent sur les propriétés inhérentes à l’emploi de ces pronoms dans leur acception anaphorique. Ces propriétés sont en rapport direct avec leur fonctionnement sémantique au sein des textes de la période classique par rapport à leur fonctionnement en français moderne. Nous passerons en revue la nature sémantique de l’antécédent de ces pronoms anaphoriques tout en faisant ressortir les confusions en termes de traits sémantiques [Humain] vs [Non-humain] ou [animé] vs [inanimé]. Nous essaierons également de démontrer que ces confusions dans l’emploi des pronoms adverbiaux et des pronoms personnels constituent une source d’ambiguïté référentielle au sein des textes classiques et entravent la résolution de certains rapports anaphoriques en termes de rattachement du pronom à l’antécédent approprié.Mots-clés : ambiguïté référentielle, cohérence textuelle, confusion sémantique, pronoms, adverbiaux, pronoms personnels disjoints, trait sémantique. ABSTRACT. This paper aims to study, from a contrastive point of view, the repository operation pronouns and adverbial in there and disjointed personal pronouns in classic French and modern French. This study will oppose the mode of donation referential pronouns and adverbial personal pronouns disjoint. In other words, we will focus on the properties inherent in the use of these pronouns in their anaphoric sense. These properties are directly related to their semantic operation in the texts of the classical period in relation to their functioning in modern French. We will review the semantic nature of the antecedent of the pronoun anaphoric while highlighting the confusion in terms of semantic features [Human] vs [Not Human] or [animate] vs [inanimate]. We will also try to show that these confusions in the use of adverbial pronouns and personal pronouns are a source of referential ambiguity in classical texts and impede the resolution of certain anaphoric relations in terms of attachment of the appropriate pronoun antecedent.Keywords: adverbial pronouns, disjunctive personal pronouns, semantic feature, semantic confusion, referential ambiguity, textual coherence.
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Saragih, Dhea, and Maria Magdalena Situmorang. "Analysis of Pronoun in “Cinderella” Story by Disney." International Journal Corner of Educational Research 1, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54012/ijcer.v1i3.164.
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This research aims to analyze pronouns used in a story with title “Cinderella” by Disney. Researchers chose descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data in order to show pronouns that appeared in the story of Cinderella. There were several steps that researchers conducted to collect data, including read the story, then identified the pronouns, and finally analyzed each pronoun from the story descriptively. This research found that there were 15 pronouns used in the story of Cinderella with six types of pronoun. These pronouns include 5 personal pronouns as subject (They, She, It, He, and I), 2 personal pronouns as object (her and them), 3 possessive adjectives (her, his, and their), 2 relative pronouns (whose and who), 2 demonstrative pronouns (this and that), and 1 indefinite pronoun (everyone). In addition, the pronoun that appeared the most was “her” as much as 22.92%, and conversely, pronoun that appeared the least were “their, this, whose, I, everyone, and who”, which each of them only appeared 1 time in the story (2.08% for each pronoun).
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Rachman Hadi, Arief, and Sri Rahayu. "Analisis Penggunaan Pronomina dalam Tajuk Rencana Koran Harian Riau Pos." J-LELC: Journal of Language Education, Linguistics, and Culture 1, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/j-lelc.2021.6139.
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A pronoun is a pronoun that serves to replace a person, thing or something that is differentiated, pronouns are distinguished by personal pronouns. The problems in this research are (1) How to use personal pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (2) How to use directive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (3) How to use their own pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (4) How do you use the pronoun pronoun in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (5) How is the use of conjunctive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper and (6) How do you use indefinite pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspape. The purpose of this study was to collect data and information about the analysis of pronouns in the Riau Pos Daily newspaper editorial. The theory used in analyzing the problem of this research is pronouns according to H. Guntur T (2009). The method used in this research is descriptive method, this research approach uses a qualitative approach. This type of research includes literature study, as well as data collection techniques using documentation and hermeneutic techniques. The data in this study are in the form of the Riau Pos 2020 daily newspaper editorial, which consists of 26 editions. From the data analysis in this study, the authors conclude that the editorial plan of the Riau Pos daily newspaper uses the pronoun form of the self-pronoun, the directive pronoun, the owner's pronoun, the pen pronoun, the liaison and indefinite pronouns in presenting news and information to society.
Keywords: pronouns and editorials
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Rai, Krishna Bahadur. "Chamling and English Possessive Pronouns: A Contrastive Analysis." DMC Journal 8, no. 7 (December 31, 2023): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dmcj.v8i7.62438.
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This study aims to explore and compare the Chamling possessive pronouns with English possessive pronouns. Data on possessive pronouns in the Chamling language were collected from seven native speakers and compared to English possessive pronouns gathered from secondary sources. The contrastive analysis of Chamling and English possessive pronouns reveals differences in number, position, and gender. Chamling possessive pronoun consists of inclusive, and exclusive systems, according to the involvement of the addressees, whereas the English possessive pronoun does not have such a system. In addition, the Chamling possessive pronoun comprises singular, dual, and plural forms, however, the English possessive pronoun consists of only singular and plural systems. The number of Chamling possessive pronouns is more than that of English, with ten and six respectively. English pronouns are used in the initial position as the subject and the final position as the object of the sentences, whereas Chamling possessive pronouns never occur in these positions. In English, the third-person singular possessive pronoun has gender distinctions with "his" for masculine and "hers" for feminine. However, Chamling's possessive pronoun does not have such distinctions.
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Deswita, Isra, Agustina Agustina, and Novia Juita. "PRONOMINA PERSONA DALAM ANTOLOGI CERPEN GONJONG 2: POTRET KELUARGA." Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 5, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/896000.
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The purpose of this study is (1) describes the types of pronouns, (2) describes the categorization of pronouns with nouns, and (3) describes the nature of the reconciliation of pronouns in the short story anthology Gonjong 2: Family Portrait. The data of this research are sentences in which there is pronoun. The type and method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive method. The source of this research data is the written source of the short story anthology Gonjong 2: Family Portrait. The data in this study were collected through the following steps: (1) reading all the short stories that are the source of the data, (2) mark the sentences in which there is pronouns, and (3) records to the data inventory format. Based on data analysis found three research results. First, found three types of pronouns, that is (1) the first single pronoun me, me, my-, me, me and your second pronouns we, us, (2) second single pronouns you, you, lu, you, you and the pronouns of both plural, you and (3) single third pronouns he, he, his, her and pronomina third plural they. Second, found two types of pronoun categorization relationships with nouns, that is (1) pronoun takrif me, me, me, you, you, you, you, you, he, he, his, his, they and (2) pronoun taktakrif who, respectively, and own. Third, two pronominal reference properties are found, that is (1) intrathexual pronouns and (2) extratectual pronouns.Keywords: pronouns, defined, not defined, intratextual, extratextual
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Foyn, Camilla Hellum, Mila Vulchanova, and Randi Alice Nilsen. "The interpretation of focused pronouns in Norwegian children and adults." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586518000021.
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Earlier research states that if an unaccented pronoun refers to the subject of the preceding sentence, a focally accented pronoun will refer to the object. In the current study, we tested whether Norwegian adults select the intended pronoun referent in this context. Our study is also the first one to use eye-tracking to investigate children's developing sensitivity to intonational cues in pronoun resolution, and consequently the first one where Norwegian is the object language. The participants were monolingual 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children, and a group of adults. They listened to the Norwegian version of utterances like ‘Sarai hugged Mariaj. Then shei/SHEj hugged her own teddy bear’, while watching two corresponding figures on a screen. This was followed by the question, in Norwegian, ‘Who hugged her own teddybear?’ When answering the question, the adults selected the subject referent (Sara) after unaccented pronouns, and the object referent (Maria) after focally accented pronouns. Eye-tracking data revealed that the 7-year-olds initially looked towards the object referent after hearing the pronoun, and then switched to look at the subject referent, regardless of the pronoun's intonation. The 5-year-olds answered the question by selecting the intended referent more often after a focally accented pronoun than after an unaccented one. Finally, the 3-year-olds showed no clear preferences. These results suggest that Norwegian children under the age of seven are still not adult-like when resolving accented and unaccented pronouns.
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Ying, Yi. "Analysis Comparative of Chinese and Indonesia Pronouns." Humaniora 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2011): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i1.3096.
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Personal pronouns in communication plays a significant role. Proper use of personal pronouns, communication can proceed smoothly. Misuse of personal pronouns, or failure of communication will be blocked, or even make the communication between two sides break up. Therefore, understanding the language of the two personal pronouns is very important. This study analyzes the Chinese and India and usage of the classification of personal pronouns. Conclusion of the study hope to promote cross-cultural language communication, in particular, help to learn Chinese or learn Bahasa Indonesia in different occasions to use the correct pronouns. The results: (1) Chinese and Bahasa first person pronoun "I" have in common is in the sentence can be a subject and attribute; (2) Bahasa first person pronoun "aku" can not be used in some situations such as: official occasions, and older than themselves, respect for people or strangers or people who speak; (3) Chinese third-person plural pronouns, written language, "they" said that men and women is not the same guy, same use of Bahasa Indonesia kami; (4) Bahasa Indonesia are changes in the form of personal pronouns, while the Chinese personal pronouns do not; (5) the third person pronoun to differentiate between Chinese men and women, and things, but Bahasa Indonesia is no difference between the third person pronoun gender and things; (6) Bahasa Indonesia the personal pronoun is not gender distinction.
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Muhammad, Hatem Walia, and Zana Majid Karim. "The Pronoun in Kurdish and Arabic Languages: A Contrastive Study." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, no. 1 (January 23, 2022): 595–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.1.37.
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This contrastive study aims at ferreting out the differences and similarities between the Kurdish languages and the Arabic in term of the pronoun. The study is considered of high importance since pronopuns which consred one of the most misleading element to the language learners. The research will be under the farme work of (Contrastive study). The study revealed that there are some areas of differences and other areas of similarities between these two languages in the pronouns. The research aims to study the contrasting between the two languages with specific attempts at reviewing the use of pronouns and in a bid to draw on the differences. The study consists of introduction and four chapters. In the first chapter, we have briefly explained the aspects of the contrastive study. In second chapter; we have studied the pronouns of the Kurdish language, in third chapter; we have studied the pronouns of the Arabic language. In fourth chapter, we have shown the similarities and differences in the subject of pronouns between the two languages. Conclusion, the research ends with a result of the material of chapters been shown in the research.
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Pozdniakova, Viktoria А., and Yekaterina S. Aplonova. "Pronouns in Ginyanga." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 2 (2022): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.206.
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The paper presents a tentative overview of pronouns in Ginyanga, an understudied Kwa language spoken in Togo and Ghana; in particular, personal pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstratives, and quantifiers. There are no subject pronouns in Ginyanga. We define two personal pronoun series with a designated pronoun for each noun class: basic (emphatic and possessive) and object. The basic set of pronouns is used in independent and possessive contexts, as well as in reflexive constructions. The overview of Guang pronoun systems shows that Ginyanga falls into the typical Guang pattern. Possessive pronouns of the 1st (human) class exhibit some irregularities when used with kinship terms. In some cases, the morphological agreement pattern between a noun and its coreferential object pronoun can be violated on a semantic basis, e. g. human referents of non-human noun classes. Additionally, there is some variation in usage of object pronoun series by different consultants of different age groups, which may be an indication of language change. There are two demonstratives, -balɪ “this” and -bʊnʊ “that”, also subject to class agreement. In contrast to -balɪ, the demonstrative -bʊnʊ is also used in relative clauses and can be anaphoric. The majority of quantifiers demonstrate no class agreement. The only exceptions in our data are -kʊ “one” and kpɛkpɛ “each”.
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Heidinger, Steffen. "Humanness, pronoun types, and orphan prepositions in French." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 74, no. 1 (November 14, 2023): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2023-0004.
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Abstract This paper is about the distribution of null and strong pronouns in French prepositional phrases in relation to the humanness of the preposition’s complement. The existing literature suggests that the mapping between pronoun type and humanness is characterized by soft complementarity, linking human complements to strong pronouns, and non-human complements to null pronouns. In the empirical coverage of the phenomenon experimental studies are still underrepresented: so far, no data on pronoun choice is available, and regarding interpretation data, the only existing study does not include null pronouns. Two experiments were conducted with the goal to fill this research gap. The results show that soft complementarity only applies to pronoun choice: human complements are typically referred to by strong pronouns, and non-human complements by null pronouns. As related to interpretation, however, both strong and null pronouns are preferably interpreted as human. We account for this asymmetry based on the general preference of pronouns to be interpreted as human unless prevented by strong constraints (as in the case of Engl. it).
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Wolna, Agata, Joanna Durlik, and Zofia Wodniecka. "Pronominal anaphora resolution in Polish: Investigating online sentence interpretation using eye-tracking." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): e0262459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262459.
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The mechanism of anaphora resolution is subject to large cross-linguistic differences. The most likely reason for this is the different sensitivity of pronouns to the range of factors that determine their reference. In the current study, we explored the mechanism of anaphora resolution in Polish. First, we explored preferences in the interpretation of null and overt pronouns in ambiguous sentences. More specifically, we investigated whether Polish speakers prefer to relate overt pronouns to subject or object antecedents. Subsequently, we tested the consequences of violating this bias when tracing the online sentence-interpretation process using eye-tracking. Our results show that Polish speakers have a strong preference for interpreting null pronouns as referring to subject antecedents and interpreting overt pronouns as referring to object antecedents. However, in online sentence interpretation, only overt pronouns showed sensitivity to a violation of the speaker’s preference for a pronoun-antecedent match. This suggests that null pronoun resolution is more flexible than overt pronoun resolution. Our results indicate that it is much easier for Polish speakers to shift the reference of a null pronoun than an overt one whenever a pronoun is forced to refer to a less-preferred antecedent. These results are supported by naturalness ratings, which showed that null pronouns are considered equally natural regardless of their reference, while overt pronouns referring to subject antecedents are rated as considerably less natural than those referring to object antecedents. To explain this effect, we propose that the interpretation of null and overt pronouns is sensitive to different factors which determine their reference.
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Bader, Markus, and Yvonne Portele. "The interpretation of German personal pronouns and d-pronouns." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 38, no. 2 (November 3, 2019): 155–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-2002.
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Abstract Three experiments investigated the interpretation and production of pronouns in German. The first two experiments probed the preferred interpretation of a pronoun in contexts containing two potential antecedents by having participants complete a sentence fragment starting either with a personal pronoun or a d-pronoun. We systematically varied three properties of the potential antecedents: syntactic function, linear position, and topicality. The results confirm a subject preference for personal pronouns. The preferred interpretation of d-pronouns cannot be captured by any of the three factors alone. Although a d-pronoun preferentially refers to the non-topic in many cases, this preference can be overridden by the other two factors, linear position and syntactic function. In order to test whether interpretive preferences follow from production biases as proposed by the Bayesian theory of Kehler et al. (2008), a third experiment had participants freely produce a continuation sentence for the contexts of the first two experiments. The results show that personal pronouns are used more often to refer to a subject than to an object, recapitulating the subject preference found for interpretation and thereby confirming the account of Kehler et al. (2008). The interpretation results for the d-pronoun likewise follow from the corresponding production data.
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Nokas, Darni Nopi. "An Analysis on the Students’ Ability in Using Personal Pronouns in English." JETLe (Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jetle.v3i1.13129.
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English personal pronouns was still problem for students; especially students of Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Surya Kasih. Therefore; it was important to conduct a research on students’ ability in using personal pronouns. The purpose of this study was to describe the students’ ability in using subject, object, possessive and reflexive. The participants of the research were 10 students the second semester students who programmed English subject. There were 30 item tests of personal pronouns. The results of the research showed that the students’ average score was 68 and the students’ level of ability on personal pronouns was enough. Based on the kinds of personal pronouns showed the highest score was 72,10 which is on subject pronoun then followed by object pronoun with the score 70,20 then followed by possessive pronoun with the score 67,80 and the lowest score was 64,70 which is on reflexive pronoun. This research claimed that the students found difficulties in using personal pronoun in English due to interference of Indonesian language as their first language.
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Siska, Widia. "An Analysis of Personal Pronouns Used by The Students in Writing Narrative Text at Senior High School." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 10, no. 1 (February 21, 2024): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v10i1.1679.
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The research objective was to find out how personal pronouns used by the students in writing narrative text at SMAN 2 Koto Baru, Dharmasraya. The research method was descriptive qualitative method. The data source was documents. There were 38 sheets of student writing about narrative text. The research finding was the students still made mistakes in using personal pronouns such as subject pronoun (correct 61.1%), object pronoun (correct 32.2%), possessive adjective pronoun (correct 49.7%), possessive pronoun (correct 0%) and reflexive pronoun (correct 0%). It can be concluded the ability of the students in using personal pronouns still less.
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Zhai, Qingxu, and Lin Fan. "Pronoun Processing." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.334702.
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Using bibliometric analysis, this paper provides an overview of pronoun research from 2012 to 2022. It collected and analyzed 2,774 articles on pronouns from Web of Science (WoS) categories related to linguistics or language using CiteSpace, a citation analysis tool. This paper examined the intellectual framework and patterns of pronoun research through co-citation analysis and identified the most productive journals, influential articles, intellectual base, and trending topics in pronoun studies. The main intellectual base includes anaphora resolution, referring expression, grammatical category, eye movement, subject expression, and thematic analysis. Trending topics comprise studies on English pronouns, acquisition of pronouns, and information cues such as syntax and discourse that affect the comprehension of pronouns. The results reveal the complexity and diversity of pronoun processing. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion and debate on pronoun studies, helps researchers understand the state of pronoun research, and offers suggestions for relevant future research.
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Ngo, Binh, and Elsi Kaiser. "Effects of grammatical roles and topicality on Vietnamese referential form production." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4354.
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We conducted two studies on the use of null and overt pronouns and noun phrases in Vietnamese, with a focus on referents’ grammatical roles, grammatical parallelism and topicality. Vietnamese overt pronouns differ from English-type languages as they also function as kin terms. The first study investigated narratives and finds that referential form choice is influenced by the grammatical role and grammatical position of the antecedent: When the subject of the current clause refers to the subject of the preceding clause (subject parallelism), we find a high rate of (null and overt) pronouns. Lack of parallelism triggers mostly NPs. When the object of the current clause refers to the object of the preceding clause (object parallelism), we also find more pronouns than in non-parallel cases. Interestingly, null pronouns only occur in parallel cases. Crucially, we find no clear differences in the distribution of null vs. overt pronouns, suggesting that grammatical roles and parallelism have the same effects on both pronoun types. Using passivization to manipulate topicality, Experiment 2 further investigated the null vs. overt pronoun choice and found that pronouns are strongly preferred for topicalized subjects in passives and that null pronouns exhibit a stronger sensitivity to topicality than overt pronouns. To our knowledge, these experiments are the first experimental investigation of a kin-term-based pronoun system.
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Lander, Yury, and Michael Daniel. "West Caucasian relative pronouns as resumptives." Linguistics 57, no. 6 (November 18, 2019): 1239–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0030.
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Abstract In polysynthetic West Caucasian languages, the morphological verbal complex amounts to a clause with all kinds of participants cross-referenced by affixes. Relativization is performed by introducing a relative affix in the cross-reference slot that corresponds to the relativized participant. However, these languages display several crosslinguistically rare features of relativization. Firstly, while under the view of the verbal complex as a clause this affix appears to be a relative pronoun, it is an unusual relative pronoun because it remains in situ. Secondly, relative affixes may appear several times in the same clause. Thirdly, relative pronouns are not expected to occur in languages with prenominal relative clauses. Fourthly, in the Circassian branch, relative pronouns are identical to reflexive pronouns. These features are explained by considering relative prefixes to be resumptive pronouns. This interpretation finds a parallel in the neighboring East Caucasian languages, where reflexive pronouns also show resumptive usages. Finally, since in some West Caucasian languages the relative affix is a morpheme with a dedicated relative function but still shows properties of a resumptive pronoun, our data suggest that the distinction between relative pronouns and resumptive pronouns may not be as clear as is usually assumed.
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Ilic, Ivona. "Complements and modifiers: Implications for typologies of pronouns." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 5720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5720.
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This paper argues for a distinction between two categorially distinct types of personal pronouns in natural language. It demonstrates that overt nominal content surfaces as (i) a complement or (ii) a modifier of a personal pronoun. The distinction in the way nominal content merges is reflected in two types of pronouns. Pronouns taking nominal complements are full-fledged determiners, while pronouns surfacing with nominal modifiers are pronouns proper, i.e., pronominal forms that do not exhibit the determiner syntax. Four novel diagnostics underlying the complement/modifier distinction are introduced: (i) binding, (ii) genericity requirement, (iii) availability of pro-drop, and (iv) size of the pronoun. The paper contributes to a longstanding debate on the representation of nominal content in pronouns and a close connection between pronominal forms and determiners.
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Romadlani, Muhammad Masqotul Imam. "Personal Pronouns in American Presidential Political Discourse." Indonesian Journal of EFL and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/ijefl.v6i1.356.
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This research examines first-person personal pronouns which arise in political speeches given by Obama in his victory as American President in 2008 and 2012. Employing qualitative and quantitative methods, this research explores the occurrences of first personal pronouns to reveal the forms and its discourse function through political speeches. Abstracting from 458 personal pronouns found in Obama’s speeches, 272 pronouns are identified as first personal pronouns. The findings of the first personal pronouns employed in Obama speeches illustrated that Obama produced pronoun we and its variants, 183 times, and pronoun I and its variants, 89 times. Obama exploited singular personal pronoun to convey personally his deep appreciation and gratefulness, personal experiences, personal professional experiences, his personal argumentative opinions, hopes, and his commitment as well. The use of inclusive we and its variants indicate Obama’s desire to shares responsibility and construct nationalistic spirit, togetherness, equality, publicly assertion about the political situation, and any challenges they probably face in the future. Additionally, by employing exclusive we, Obama asserts his political plans, commitment, political experiences during the election, and serious concern of reconciliation.
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Sujarwati, Iis, Sureena Sa ae, and Syafryadin Syafryadin. "A Study of Translation Strategies in Translating Personal Pronouns in Disney’s movie entitled Rapunzel into Thai Version." International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE) 4, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v4i1.2517.
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The aim of the study is to analyze translation strategies in the translation of personal pronouns used in the Disney movie Rapunzel into the Thai version. The objectives of the study are: 1) to describe the strategies used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie, and 2) to determine the frequency of each translation strategy used in the translation of personal pronouns in Rapunzel movie. The data of the study were gathered from English personal pronouns from the subtitle on DVD Rapunzel which was released in 2010. The result of the study showed that ten translation strategies based on Pokasamrit (2011), Nida (1964), and Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) were identified as used in the study. The strategies of translation were pronoun to pronoun/literal translation, explicitness to implicitness, kinship terms, formal language, informal language, editorial pronoun, addition, alterations/transposition, and inversion. The frequency of each translation strategy found was determined by considering the following elements: the formulation of personal pronouns and the differences between personal pronouns in English and Thai.
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CƏFƏROVA, N. B. "ƏVƏZLİYİN TƏDRİSİNƏ İNTEQRATİV YANAŞMALAR." Actual Problems of study of humanities 1, no. 2024 (April 15, 2024): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.1.016.
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Integrative Approaches to Replacement Learning Summary A pronoun is a unique, peculiar part of speech. Pronouns prevent unnecessary repetition of words that denote objects, signs and qualities in speech. Pronouns replace and replace nouns, adjectives, numbers, and adverbs, allowing for deeper understanding of these parts of speech. Most definitions and rules learned during pronoun teaching have integrative features; Pronouns are also important when studying spelling and spelling material. When teaching pronouns in the elementary grades, careful attention should be paid to highlighting and integrating each topic with spelling and spelling, since learning the features of these topics is closely related to their spelling and pronuncia¬tion. When teaching pronouns, in addition to teaching their grammatical features, the rules of writing and pronunciation are also studied, which creates favorable conditions for the application of morphological knowledge and spelling and spelling rules together, students' literacy, increases their fluency and develops their speech. Incorporating pronouns into spelling and orthography results in rapid and robust learning of spelling and spelling rules. Key words: pronoun, learning, integration, spelling, spelling
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Contemori, Carla, Sabrina Mossman, and Alma L. Armendariz Galaviz. "The Use of Pronoun Interpretation Biases in L1 Spanish: The Role of Language Proficiency, Exposure, and Use in Heritage Speakers." Heritage Language Journal 21, no. 1 (February 7, 2024): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-bja10023.
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Abstract In an offline sentence comprehension task, we test the interpretation biases for null and overt pronouns and anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns in heritage speakers (HSs) whose first language (L1) is Spanish (L2 English). Previous studies have shown that Spanish HSs can interpret overt anaphoric pronouns differently than monolingual speakers. A question that remains unexplored is how HSs interpret cataphoric pronouns and how L1 experience affects pronoun resolution biases in these individuals. We recruited 48 HSs and 48 monolingual Spanish speakers. The results show that pronoun interpretation in HSs differs from monolingual biases, with HSs demonstrating a higher subject antecedent preference for anaphoric and cataphoric pronouns. The results further show that a continuous measure of language proficiency, exposure, and use may contribute to explaining pronoun interpretation biases in heritage Spanish. We discuss the findings in light of recent research demonstrating that language experience can contribute to shape discourse patterns.
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Ale-Ebrahim, Benjamin, Tristan Gohring, Elizabeth Fetterolf, and Mary L. Gray. "Pronouns in the Workplace: Developing Sociotechnical Systems for Digitally Mediated Gender Expression." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW1 (April 14, 2023): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579516.
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Sharing personal pronouns (such as they/them, she/her, or he/him) in the workplace helps colleagues respectfully address each other. Many companies currently seek to design and implement new software tools to facilitate pronoun-sharing among employees. This paper analyzes the social processes of communication about pronouns in the workplace and identifies best practices for creating and using workplace pronoun-sharing software. We conducted 78 semi-structured qualitative interviews with various stakeholders involved in the launch of pronoun-sharing tools in workplace collaboration software, including transgender and queer people, HR and IT professionals, and LGBTQ advocacy organizations. We used an anthropological approach to qualitatively analyze interview materials and notes from interactions with research participants. We find that sharing personal pronouns is an ongoing communication process rather than a single act of information provision. Pronoun sharing tools encapsulate the tension between dynamic social processes of self-expression and technical systems of classification and information retrieval. People communicate their pronouns differently as they navigate identity expression across social contexts. Sharing pronouns is therefore both an individual expression of self-presentation and a complex act of social communication. Developers must create new methods for building pronoun-sharing tools that equip people to control ongoing social processes of self-expression instead of using an information retrieval approach that treats pronouns merely as stable, unchanging data.
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Reilly-Thornton, Ashley. "Gendered Pronouns in Chinese EL2 Speech: The Case of Epicene Pronouns." TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 28 (December 9, 2021): 247–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v28i.697.
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This paper presents an exploratory study on the usage of epicene pronouns in the speech of Chinese EL2 students, who were undertaking a Master’s programme in the UK. The reasons for speakers’ use or non-use of epicene pronouns is also explored to provide a fuller picture of the speakers’ usage as well as their perceptions of gender-inclusive pronouns. An elicitation based speaking task was used to gather epicene pronoun usage. This was followed by a semi-structured interview utilizing stimulated recall techniques to gather data on the participants’ reasons for use or non-use of epicene pronouns as well as their perceptions of gender-inclusive pronouns. The findings showed that singular they was the epicene pronoun used most often, with the reason being that the participants were imagining a group of people. The avoidance strategy employed most often by participants was usage of the pronoun you, and the participants’ reasoning was that it made the response more personal for the listener. Regarding the different antecedent types, there was a higher number of avoidance strategies used with notionally plural antecedents. On the other hand, notionally singular antecedents were found to have a higher number of epicene pronouns used. For EL2 educators, these findings can inform the introduction of epicene pronouns to students.
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Sari, Fenti Pratama, and Ira Maisarah. "PERSONAL PRONOUN ERRORS IN TRANSLATING SIMPLE SENTENCES FROM BAHASA INDONESIA TO ENGLISH." PARADIGM: Journal of Language and Literary Studies 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/prdg.v5i1.15942.
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The ultimate objectives of this research were to find out the kinds of English personal pronouns errors in translating simple sentences from Bahasa Indonesia to English and the most dominant errors made by the students in the tenth grade of SMKS Agro Maritim Muhammadiyah Bengkulu in using a personal pronoun. This study employs the descriptive-qualitative method. This research has conducted the students in the tenth grade of SMKS Agro Maritim Muhammadiyah Bengkulu in the academic year of 2021/2022, consisting of 13 students. The first result of this research displays that the students made errors in using four types of personal pronouns. They are personal pronouns as possessive adjectives, personal pronouns as an object, personal pronouns as subject, and personal pronouns as possessive pronouns. The second result showed that the most dominant error made by the students in using personal pronouns is possessive adjectives. The findings indicate that the students in the tenth grade of SMKS Agro Maritim Muhammadiyah Bengkulu face the problem of the personal pronoun.
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Li, Xiaoshi. "VARIATION IN SUBJECT PRONOMINAL EXPRESSION IN L2 CHINESE." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36, no. 1 (September 23, 2013): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263113000466.
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This study investigates subject pronominal expression in second language Chinese and compares learner usage with patterns found in their first language. The results show that (a) overt pronouns are used more for singular, +animate subjects than plural, –animate ones; (b) switch in subject surface form favors overt pronouns; (c) English and Russian speakers use overt pronouns more than Korean and Japanese speakers; (d) statements favor overt pronouns most, followed by questions and then imperatives; (e) females use overt pronouns more than males; (f) conversations slightly favor overt pronouns, whereas narratives favor null pronouns; (g) higher proficiency learners across language groups use more null subject referents than do lower proficiency learners; and (h) nonspecific subject referents promote null subjects. Comparison results show that learner patterns are similar to those of their native speaker peers on most dimensions explored except that they tend to overuse overt pronouns. That is, the learners have acquired the subject pronoun use pattern in Chinese rather successfully but need to further develop their sociolinguistic competence regarding null pronoun usage.
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Sweetser, Eve. "Pronouns, metonymy, and identity." Cognitive Semiotics 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogsem-2022-2009.
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Abstract Although formal linguists have focused on the deictic and (co)referential functions of pronouns, social categorization and identity are deeply involved in pronominal usage. I argue here that even the understanding of pronoun reference requires us to go beyond extensional (co)-reference. The extensive literature on linguistic categorization has focused on nouns more than on verbs, as has work on metonymy – but not on pronouns. Here I present two case studies, one of third-person pronouns and one of first-plural pronouns. In one I argue that cognitive science findings on categorization make it impossible for a masculine noun/pronoun usage to be truly “generic” in gender reference. The other examines the ways in which identity and group structure shape the possibilities for plural pronoun reference, in particular with respect to first-person plural (we) uses. To understand the principles of reference for these pronouns, we need to apply theoretical frameworks developed for lexical meaning: frames, category structure, prototypes, categorial metonymy and frame metonymy.
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van Kampen, Jacqueline. "Eerstezinsdeeldeletie in het Nederlands : Wat topicdrop wél en wat het níet is." Nederlandse Taalkunde 25, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2020.2-3.008.vank.
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Abstract First-constituent-deletion in Dutch. What topic drop is and what it is notThis paper discusses the phenomenon of pronoun deletion in Dutch. In the position before the finite verb a 3rd person pronoun may be deleted. The deletion of the pronoun is constrained by the recoverability condition, which requires that its referential features can be reconstructed from the context. It will be argued that only the deletion of a d(emonstrative)-pronoun is ‘topic drop’, which is typical for spoken Dutch. Deleted topic d-pronouns are subject to the same syntactic conditions as overt topic d-pronouns (Van Kampen 2010). Like the overt topic d-pronoun, the deleted d-pronoun refers to the focus constituent of the preceding sentence. A deleted p(ersonal)-pronoun, by contrast, does not have a uniquely determined antecedent and therefore it cannot be analyzed as discourse topic drop. In written texts, it solely maintains the preceding subject referent. I will further discuss the deletion of 1st person pronouns and the deletion of d-pronouns in imperatives.
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Ron’ko, Roman V. "POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH PRONOUNS IN SHUGHNI." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 5 (2022): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2022-5-48-66.
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The paper describes possessive constructions with pronouns in Shughni. In this language, possessor can be expressed by personal and demonstrative pronouns, pronouns with the locative postposition and, and constructions including both a standard pronoun and a pronoun marked with a locative marker. I compare these construction types, analyze types of semantic relations between the possessor and the possessee. Besides that, two syntactic types of possessive constructions are distinguished and their syntactic features are described.
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LATIFOV ALIKHON. "PRONOUNS ARE THE MOST ORIGINAL WORDS IN THE LANGUAGE." JETA (Journal of English Teaching and Applied Linguistic) 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52217/jeta.v3i2.1033.
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Pronouns are closely related to demonstrative pronouns. It is recognized that the root of interrogative pronouns are indicative particles, which have the meaning of adverb, particle, and pronoun, and especially, indicative pronouns - personal. English pronouns can be counted among other types of pronouns of this language, because when they are used in a sentence, they have not only a question meaning, but also a different lexical and syntactic meaning. In this article researcher has considered about the process of borrowings in parts of speech and he also mentioned that, during long history pronouns did not borrow from a language to another language.
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Flores Ohlson, Linda. "Zombies lost in translation. The translation from English to Spanish of (de)humanizing pronouns." Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas 14, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rlyla.2019.10749.
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<p>The present paper analyses which strategies are used in order to express the personal/inanimate pronoun contrast that serves the function of (de)humanizing zombies, when passages containing this linguistic feature in English are translated into Spanish. English has two sets of pronouns/adjectives, the ones that express personhood (he/his/him, she/her), and the inanimate ones (it/its). The explicit use of these pronouns is obligatory. Spanish on the other hand, has one set of pronouns (él, ella, su, lo, la) that are used both to express personhood as well as with inanimate references. The Spanish subject pronouns are normally used only when there is a need to highlight the subject or contrast it with another subject. Consequently, translators from English to Spanish face a challenge with regard to the translation of the (de)humanizing effect the pronoun contrast adds to the texts in English. The corpus contains examples of the English pronouns being translated with noun phrases, verb phrases, noun clauses, and pronouns, while in some cases the pronoun contrast is omitted, and therefore lost in the translation.</p>
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Sanoudaki, Eirini, and Spyridoula Varlokosta. "Pronoun Comprehension in Individuals With Down Syndrome: Deviance or Delay?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (August 2014): 1442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0035.
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Purpose Results of recent pilot studies suggest that the interpretation of pronouns in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) may follow a pattern unattested in typical development, indicating the presence of a selective deficit targeting the comprehension of reflexive pronouns. These findings come at a time when there is a heated debate surrounding pronoun comprehension in typical development as well. This study aims to contribute to these debates by examining pronoun comprehension in Greek, a language that exhibits unusual patterns in pronoun comprehension in typical development. Method Seven Greek-speaking individuals with DS and a control group of 14 typically developing (TD) children were tested. The authors examined the comprehension of strong pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and pronominal clitics, using a picture selection task. Results The data reveal evidence of deviant pronoun comprehension in individuals with DS compared with the TD group. The DS group encountered problems in the interpretation of reflexive pronouns when compared with the TD group, while the performance of the two groups was comparable in all remaining conditions. Conclusions Findings are in line with the selective deficit model of language comprehension in DS, supporting the presence of a cross-linguistic reflexive deficit.
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Mshechil, Afaf Kadhim. "First Person Pronouns in the Holy Qur’an, (Juz' Amma) as a Sample (Semantic, Grammatical Study)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 02 (2022): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i02.003.
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The current study discusses (First Person Pronouns in the Holy Qura'an (Juz' Amma) as a sample), pronoun’s indication, the cause of its build up and the reason behind using it in context. Then, explaining in detail about first person pronouns and its types according to many considerations in Juz' Amma. The current study tries to stand still on the most prominent synthetic patterns to the nominal and verbal first person pronouns sentence at the same time. Then the study sought to uncover the most important connotations and contextual meanings contained in the nominal and verbal pronoun sentence. This came in accordance with the descriptive approach in presenting the states of the first person pronoun, and inductive in limiting his positions to Juz' Amma. As well as the semantic analysis, to find out the reason behind the expression in nominal form on one hand, and verbal at the other hand, and each form has its own indication. It is taken in nominal terms to denote conditions or matters that are characterized by permanence, stability and continuity, while vebal is brought to denote what was renewed and continuing to happen, as well as highlighting some of the Sunnahs of the Arabs, such as expressing future matters and events in the past tense and vice versa. As well as searching for the purposes or reasons that lie behind the diversity in the singular use of the speaker the singular pronoun (I) on one hand, and the plural pronoun (we) on the other. It was found out that it is mostly refers to the greatness of the creator (Allah) affecting the achievement or realization of the act.
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Zeevat, Henk. "The Production and Interpretation of Anaphora and Ellipsis." International Review of Pragmatics 2, no. 2 (2010): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731010x528331.
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AbstractThe paper tries to apply a psychological theory of language production and interpretation to the linguistic description of pronouns. The claim is that this is possible and helpful and that a full theory of the use and interpretation of pronouns is possible from this perspective, i.e.one that can both predict when pronouns are used and what is their antecedent. In particular, the theory should be able to explain the properties of pronoun resolution, pronoun selection in natural language generation and the grammaticalisation processes that lead to pronouns. The psychological theory proposed is motivated as an account of parity: the probable identity between the speaker intention and the hearer interpretation. It has four components: a minimal account of legal forms for a given input, speaker self-monitoring for a prioritised set of features, cue-based understanding and filtering by production. A good form for an intention is legal and marks the most prioritised features best, a good interpretation meets the production filter and is most strongly cued by the signal. Descriptively, the main component of self-monitoring for pronouns is an extension of the referential hierarchy (Gundel et al., 1993). Recency, frequency and relevance are effects of cue-based interpretation and central to pronoun resolution. The role of syntax is limited to the agreement features and subclassification of pronouns. The aim of the paper is not to contribute to pronoun resolution or generation but to explore the descriptive potential of a psychologically inspired account of parity in linguistic communication, with of course the hope that the understanding of pronouns benefits from this exercise.
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Abd Samad, Arshad, and Nurul Iman Arshad. "The Sequence of Acquisition of Personal Pronoun Case and Person Reference among 6 Year Old Children in Two Selected Malaysian Kindergartens." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.3p.273.
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Pronoun case and person reference refer to the position of the pronoun in the sentence and the person the pronoun refers to respectively. Examining the acquisition of pronoun case and person reference among young children can be insightful as, besides their obvious relevance to language development, both these constructs can have implications on other aspects of child development. Attention given by children to these various constructs may indicate the importance children place on the concept of ego and self as well as on social relations. The sequence of acquisition of personal pronouns among these children is therefore an important phenomenon to be examined as it can reflect linguistic and socio-cognitive development. This largely descriptive study examines the sequence of acquisition of the English pronouns among forty 6 year old Malaysian children learning ESL in two kindergartens. The children in the study were presented with 33 drawings to assess their familiarity with case and person reference expressed through English personal pronouns. They were required to select the correct pronoun from three pronouns that were used to describe each drawing. This paper reports on the accuracy rates for each pronoun and assumes that high accuracy rates indicate a more complete acquisition of the pronoun. Error forms by the children were also be identified and examined. Data obtained were compared to acquisition sequences in the literature and general implications related to the acquisition of personal pronouns among children in an ESL setting in Malaysia will be discussed.
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HAENDLER, Yair, and Flavia ADANI. "Testing the effect of an arbitrary subject pronoun on relative clause comprehension: a study with Hebrew-speaking children." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 4 (February 19, 2018): 959–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000599.
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AbstractPrevious studies have found that Hebrew-speaking children accurately comprehend object relatives (OR) with an embedded non-referential arbitrary subject pronoun (ASP). The facilitation of ORs with embedded pronouns is expected both from a discourse-pragmatics perspective and within a syntax-based locality approach. However, the specific effect of ASP might also be driven by a mismatch in grammatical features between the head noun and the pronoun, or by its relatively undemanding referential properties. We tested these possibilities by comparing ORs whose embedded subject is either ASP, a referential pronoun, or a lexical noun phrase. In all conditions, grammatical features were controlled. In a referent-identification task, the matching features made ORs with embedded pronouns difficult for five-year-olds. Accuracy was particularly low when the embedded pronoun was referential. These results indicate that embedded pronouns do not facilitate ORs across the board, and that the referential properties of pronouns affect OR processing.
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Zribi-Hertz, Anne. "Emphatic or reflexive? On the endophoric character of Frenchlui-mémeand similar complex pronouns." Journal of Linguistics 31, no. 2 (September 1995): 333–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015632.
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This study examines the referential properties of a class of complex pronouns labelled M-PRONOUNS, exemplified by Old English HIMSELF, French LUI-MéME and English HISOWN. It is shown that M-pronouns exhibit some properties commonly taken as characterizing reflexive anaphors, and that they also occur as ‘intensive’ pronouns. It is shown, however, that they are not anaphors, and that labelling them ‘intensives’ does not suffice to account for their distribution. It is argued that the semantic properties of M-pronouns may be derived from their morphological structure. Their pronoun component (Old English HIM, French LUI, English HIS) is not a pronominal, in the sense of the Binding Theory, but a bindable expression unspecified for disjoint reference and locality. In the complex form created by M-adjunction, the pronoun is crucially de-stressed and, correlatively, interpreted as endophoric.
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Slater, B. H. "E-type Pronouns and ε-terms." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 16, no. 1 (March 1986): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1986.10717105.
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Speaking of Professor Geach's belief that pronouns in natural language function like the bound variables in quantification theory, Gareth Evans, in ‘Pronouns, Quantifiers, and Relative Clauses - I’ (Canadian Journal of Philosophy 7 [1977] 467-536) says (470):I want to try to show that there are pronouns with quantifier antecedents that function in a quite different way. Such pronouns typically stand in a different grammatical relation to their antecedents, and; in contrast with bound pronouns, must be assigned a reference, so that their most immediate sentential contexts can always be assigned a truth value. The relevant grammatical relation appears to be Klima's relation of ‘in construction with’. When the pronoun is in construction with its antecedent, as in (4) [‘Some man loves his mother’] and (5) [‘No man is happy when he is in love’] the result is a bound pronoun.
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Lytvynov, Oleksandr O. "RENDERING ENGLISH FICTION INDEFINITE PRONOUNS INTO UKRAINIAN: A CORPUS APPROACH." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 22 (January 12, 2022): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2021.22.05.
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The paper deals with an investigation into the usage of English indefinite nominal pronouns in modern fictional discourse and the specificity of their rendering into Ukrainian with employment of corpus approach. The pronouns under study have been selected by the entire sampling method from the complete register compiled on the basis of the novel by J.K. Rowling “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” and its Ukrainian version translated by V. Morozov. There have been determined the semantic structures of nine English indefinite pronouns based on their formal characteristics and the dictionary entries’ analysis. The units under analysis have been divided into three structural-semantic types according to their form and meaning, wherein two semantic subtypes have been distinguished. The lexemes of each of type have been distributed in decreasing sequence on a zero-ten frequency scale. There have been calculated the expected frequencies per 1,000 words for each of the types to suggest the probability of their usage in a text. The most frequent and the least frequent indefinite pronouns and pronoun types have been revealed, as well as the lexemes possessing medium frequencies. It has been identified that pronouns with 'some' are of highest frequency when pronouns with 'ever’ – the lowest, and pronouns with 'any’ are in between. The most frequent is the pronoun ‘something’, the least frequent is the pronoun ‘whoever’. Pronouns ‘anyone’ and ‘someone’ have demonstrated the average frequency in the microcorpus under analysis. With the use of the immediate constituents’ analysis and contextual analysis there have been revealed the peculiarities of the pronouns’ usage in the source text. Based on the transformational analysis there have been specified the translation methods and types of translation shifts employed for adequate rendering of the pronouns into Ukrainian. The most common methods of the analysed pronouns’ translation have been proved to be equivalent translation, omission, addition, lexical and lexico-grammatical replacements, with additions and grammatical shifts.
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Kang, Namkil. "Differences between Korean Null Arguments and Korean Overt Pronouns." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 11 (December 2, 2021): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.811.11275.
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The ultimate goal is this paper is to provide five pieces of evidence that Korean null pronouns are not semantically and syntactically equivalent to Korean overt pronouns. First, when Korean overt pronouns and Korean null pronouns have the only NP as their antecedent, the truth condition becomes different. Second, when Korean overt pronouns and Korean null pronouns take the even NP as their antecedent, the truth condition becomes different. Third, the Korean overt pronoun ku ‘he’ is associated with its antecedent by coreference, whereas Korean null pronouns are associated with their antecedent by binding. Fourth, Korean overt pronouns yield a strict reading, whereas Korean null arguments induces the strict/sloppy ambiguity. This in turn suggests that Korean null pronouns yield looser interpretations than Korean overt pronouns. Additionally, it is worth noting that Korean overt pronouns induce a definite reading, whereas Korean null pronouns yield indefinite and definite readings. Fifth, Korean overt pronouns and Korean null pronouns are not alike in that the former is sensitive to phi-features (gender, number, and person), whereas the latter is not. This paper argues that Korean null pronouns are not syntactically the equivalent of Korean overt pronouns.
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Bradley, Evan D., Maxwell Schmid, and Hannah Lombardo. "Personality, prescriptivism, and pronouns." English Today 35, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078419000063.
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Because standard English lacks a true a gender-neutral singular pronoun, there has long been debate over how to refer to generic persons whose genders are unknown, or those who reject binary male or female identities. Singular (or epicene) ‘they’ has a long history as a pronoun to refer to individuals of unknown gender (Balhorn, 2004), and has also been adopted as a personal pronoun by those who identify as neither male nor female. Borthen (2010) argues based on a corpus study of Norwegian that, crosslinguistically, plural pronouns allow for vague reference, and that their lexical features (e.g., number, person) need not match their interpretation in context, which makes these pronouns prime candidates to be used in gender-neutral contexts. Chen and Wu (2011) contend that this is true for both singular and plural pronouns, but Borthen (2011) disputes this, arguing that the data show that for definite plural pronouns, but not singular, the antecedent need not be activated in the speaker's or addressee's mind, and thus can be inferred.
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Matsiuk, Zoriana. "LINGUO-DIDACTIC FEATURES OF STUDYING PRONOUNS IN THE COURSE OF UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 16 (October 6, 2022): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2022.16.3727.
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In the course of practical grammar of Ukrainian as a foreign language, a pronoun takes a special place in view of its specific meaning, morphological features, syntactic functions and stylistic properties. The substitutive and indicative function makes the pronoun multifaceted, heterogeneous and extremely difficult to master for foreigners. There is a lack of research related to the description of lexical-semantic features, stylistic properties and grammatical features of pronouns in Ukrainian linguistic didactics. For the purpose of teaching grammar of Ukrainian as a foreign language, a multifaceted analysis of pronouns is essential, which has to take into account their features at different levels simultaneously, namely morphological, syntactic, lexical, and stylistic ones. The study of Ukrainian pronouns also requires the research of their conjugation, the possibility of transition to other parts of the language and functioning in fixed language collocations. Pronouns in the course of Ukrainian as a foreign language are distinguished by a functional feature - the ability to be used instead of a noun, adjective or numeral. Pronouns combined within a separate independent meaningful part are substitute words with a special anaphoric function, which makes them a universal means of text creation. For a foreign listener, it is extremely important to learn the peculiarities of the semantics and functions of pronouns of different categories, in particular personal, reflexive, possessive, indicative, interrogative, relative, negative, and indefinite ones. Penetration into the semantic structure of pronouns of various lexical and grammatical categories, identifying the peculiarities of grammatical features and conjugation makes it possible to identify the most important properties of pronouns of the Ukrainian language for studying in a classroom, to draw up a system of exercises for the development of abilities and skills of their correct use in speech. Key words: pronoun, linguistic didactic features of study, Ukrainian as a foreign language, classes of pronouns, exercise, stable expressions.
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Krasnoshchekova, S. V. "Pronouns functioning as direct objects in the speech of Russian-language children." Russian language at school 83, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2022-83-2-23-34.
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The study is devoted to Russian pronouns which children use in grammatical position of a direct object. The aim of the research is to consider the distinctive features of the pronouns belonging to different semantic groups. Additionally, the paper is an effort to answer the question if the connection between the position of the object in the sentence and the semantics of the pronoun is relevant when mastering the language, i.e. to discover pronouns of what classes are more likely to be associated with the object syntactic function in children’s speech. Corpus recordings of children’s speech, namely the data from longitudinal observations of children’s speech, comprise the material of the study. The basic research method employed is the functional-semantic analysis of utterances. As a result of the performed study, it was found that direct objects denoted by pronouns in the accusative case appear in most children’s speech in the third year of life. As for the frequency of occurrence of accusative case forms in a child’s speech, pronoun classes differ from one another; this is partly caused by their semantics. There is a clear distinction between deictic pronouns and quantifiers: children use the latter (negative, indefinite, universal) more often in the object position. Four semantic characteristics are associated with the frequency of occurrence of object forms. The first one is inanimateness: inanimate pronouns and pronouns referring to inanimate referents take the object position more often than animate pronouns. The next characteristic is anaphoricity or the anaphoric nature of pronouns: pronouns referring to another word in a child’s speech are more often in the accusative case than other pronouns. The non-concreteness or lack of reference to a concrete referent which is directly observable in the communication situation also influences the frequency of occurrence: indefinite and negative pronouns turn out to be the most "objective" for children. Finally, another characteristic is generalisation, or a reference to a group of referents: the pronoun vsyo (all, everything) occupies a prominent position on the "object" scale. The influence of semantic factors is not noted when using adjective pronouns incorporated into nominal groups dependent on nouns in the accusative case and also when using non-canonical objects (the adverbs kak (how), tak (so) and subordinate complement clauses (sentential actants) with relative pronouns.
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Erniati, Erniati. "PRONOMINA PERSONA BAHASA MELAYU AMBON DI WILAYAH TUTUR KOTA AMBON." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v16i1.1799.
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The objective of this study is to describe the types of personal pronouns in the Ambonese Malay language. This research applies the qualitative descriptive method to analyze the language phenomenon objectively. The research data are oral data taken from communication between the people in Ambon City and its surroundings, which consists of all ages of the Ambonese Malay language speaker. The data are collected using the observation method, recording, and writing technique. The analysis of selected data is using a descriptive qualitative method. The results show that there are several pronouns of the Ambonese Malay language. They are first-singular personal pronouns, and first-plural personal pronouns; second-singular personal pronouns, and second-plural personal pronouns; third-singular personal pronoun, and third-plural personal pronouns; kinship lexeme personal pronouns.
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Lederer, Jenny. "Understanding the Self: How spatial parameters influence the distribution of anaphora within prepositional phrases." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 3 (July 26, 2013): 483–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0013.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the distribution of reflexive and nonreflexive pronouns in the prepositional phrase, concluding that multiple semantic factors play a role in the appearance of one pronoun over the other. The distributional trends in English are explained by referencing the crucial role space plays in grammar, and the resulting implications for Binding Theory (Chomsky 1995) are discussed. The motivating forces for the corpus distribution are based on perceived directionality and location of the denoted event with respect to the body of the event's protagonist. The patterns found in the corpus data are attributed to a range of factors that play a role in the semantic specifications and associations of the pronouns themselves. First, it is argued that the high rate of reflexive pronouns in events that are metaphorically located in the body is due to the reflexive pronoun's close semantic association with the concept of self, a metaphorical body-internal entity. Second, it is argued that the reflexive pronoun is used to signal either an event which is performed on the body (in the referent's peri-personal space) or directed toward the body. Cases of these types are explained by a schematic, semantic parallelism between syntactically complex reflexive events and syntactically simple reflexive events. In both cases, the reflexive pronoun signals a contrastive element. In syntactically complex cases, the PP examples (e.g. John pushed the box toward himself), and syntactically simple cases, those with basic clause structure (e.g. John kicked himself), the reflexive is used to signal that the direction of the event is counter to the direction of expectation, thus explaining why certain reflexive events (e.g. bathe, or pull something toward you) do not have to, and most often, do not occur with the reflexive pronoun.
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Alenazy, Mamdouh Ayed. "Binding Relations and Their Implications for Word Order in Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1018–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1109.06.
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This study aims at investigating the distribution of the possessive pronouns in Modern Standard Arabic. It shows that when the possessive pronouns are used as reflexives they have implications for the word order. The different positions occupied by the objects are determined by the presence of these pronouns and the binding relations within the c-commanding domain. Building on the basic assumptions of Binding Theory, possessive pronouns are best treated as normal pronominal elements which are subject to condition B. However, when they are used as anaphoric elements in certain contexts, they have to be c-commanded by their antecedents. Depending on the derivational level at which c-command relation is established between the reflexive possessive pronoun and its antecedent, movement of the possessive pronoun along with the phrase containing is optional in certain structures or, in other structures, the pronoun becomes frozen in the position in which it is base-generated.
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Nusantara, Hadiid Hideo. "The Use of Japanese Personal Pronoun based on Gender in “Narcissu” by Tomo Kataoka." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v5i1.22036.
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This article discussed the difference of Japanese pronouns based on gender from literature point of view. The database of this study was a novel entitled “Narcissu” by Japanese author Tomo Kataoka. The research method used in this research was descriptive method. In analysing the novel, author used the morphology theories by Harumi Tanaka (1982). The findings of this study showed that the use of personal pronoun including first-person pronouns, second-person pronouns, and third-person pronouns in the novel were influenced greatly by gender. The difference in using these personal pronouns were caused by the difference in man and woman’s perception. Based on the data, there were tendency that the speakers choose the best word to utter to their interlocutor based on their own perspective, influenced by the situation and the context. The findings of this study was expected to help foreign language learners to understand better about the use of Japanese personal pronoun based on gender, mainly in conversation.
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Jegede, Olusegun O., and Akintunji M. Akinola. "Errors of Pronoun Usage among Nigerian Secondary School Students." LingLit Journal Scientific Journal for Linguistics and Literature 2, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/linglit.v2i2.458.
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This study examined the errors of pronoun usage among Nigerian Secondary School Students. The study looked specifically at pronoun types, and identified and examined the errors that secondary school students make in their use. The research subjects were students of public secondary schools in Oyo West Local Government Area. There are fifteen (15) public secondary schools in the Local Government Area. However, out of the fifteen (15) public secondary schools, five (5) were chosen. The researcher made use of stratified sampling technique in order to classify the respondents’ view into different characteristics for clear and better results. A total of one hundred (100) students were selected for the study, with twenty (20) students selected from each school. Test questions with options were designed specifically for the students in the selected schools. The test questions focused on all the aspects of pronoun usage, especially the areas where students make errors such as subjective case pronouns, objective case pronouns, possessive case pronouns and tactic pronouns. The test was adequately supervised to see that the respondents did not consult their mates for any assistance before they could respond to the test. It was administered in the classroom for their convenience and proper supervision. There were twenty (20) questions in the test, four questions each were on the subjective case, objective case, possessive case, problematic pronouns usages and unique pronouns types (indefinite pronoun and reciprocal pronouns). At the end, the test scripts were collected and marked. The errors made were identified and categorised and examined. The study clearly showed that secondary school students in Nigeria use pronouns that are inaccurate or incorrect in their expressions. In this vein, the study showed that these errors occur because the students have not fully learned the correct use of the pronouns. The study also found that the teaching method applied in the teaching of English grammar in secondary schools is not very effective and English language teachers need to set up a workable teaching and evaluation method that will show how well a learner has learned. The study concluded that the students need constant exposure to the English language to fully develop communicative competence in it.
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Tam, Phan Thanh. "Pronoun system of the Stieng language." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 1, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v1i4.466.
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This paper presents the basics of the pronoun system of the Stieng language to define some similarities and differences between the pronouns of the Stieng language and those of the Vietnamese language. The pronoun system of each nation not only performs the function of communication but also expresses the linguistic and cultural characteristics of that nation. The position of the Stieng language pronouns and its expressiveness in communication has their own characteristics. Through the Stieng sentences we have recorded and investigated in Hon in Binh Phuoc province, we make some general remarks about the pronouns of the Stieng language and the interesting differences in the language system of the minority belonging to the Mon-Khmer language family. The paper is the first steps in understanding the use of pronouns in the Stieng language.
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Sherko, Esmeralda. "Compound Pronouns in English and Albanian." European Journal of Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v2i1.p36-41.
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This study concentrates on compound pronouns in English and Albanian. Compounding is considered as one of the most prolific word formation techniques in both languages. The study is made up of three basic parts: compounding is analysed theoretically; compound pronouns collected by the Dictionary of Contemporary Albanian Language and Oxford Student’s Dictionary are analysed; conclusions are drawn as of their similarities and differences. Albanian language provides interesting results as it includes a specific category of pronouns under a different heading than compounding and that is agglutinated pronouns. Compound pronouns are analysed quantitatively and qualitatively in both languages. Quantitative analysis deals with their positioning in relation to all compound words per each dictionary. Qualitative analysis deals with the elements constituting the compound pronouns. The study also pinpoints the differences and similarities between compound pronouns when translated from English into Albanian and vice versa. The study is illustrated with abundant examples in both languages. Statistic results of the study show that Albanian compound (agglutinated) pronouns outnumber the English compound pronouns→ 81: 18; also constituent structures of Alb. vs Eng. pronouns are →9:2. Translation of pronouns from one language into the other: one English pronoun – different Albanian pronouns and vice versa.