Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pronouns'
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1
Vicente, Nicolás Stindt. "Spanish subject pronouns." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16919.
Full textAbstract:
Die Dissertation präsentiert und diskutiert eine Reihe von Experimenten über Diskursanaphora im chilenischen Spanischen. Die Experimente zeigen wie Erwachsene und Kinder Subjektpersonalpronomen in verschiedenen Diskurskontexten interpretieren und generieren. Auf Spanisch können Subjektpronome entweder sichtbar (overt) oder unsichtbar (null) sein. Beide Formen werden im anaphorischen Diskurs gebraucht. Gegenstand der Dissertation ist es zu untersuchen, welche Unterschiede in der Bedeutung damit verbunden sind. Zunächst präsentiert die Arbeit einen generellen Standpunkt. Demzufolge besitzen die zwei Arten von Pronomen komplementäre anaphorische Präferenzen. Dies bedeutet, dass beim Vorhandensein von zwei möglichen Antezedenten zu erwarten ist, dass jede Form einen anderen Antezedenten wählt. Drei verschiedene Arten, Komplementarität zu konzipieren werden in Betracht gezogen. Im Verlauf der Dissertation werden ihre Vorhersagen in verschiedenen Interpretations- und Produktions-Experimenten getestet. Die Ergebnisse sprechen klar gegen die Idee von Komplimentarität. Im Anschluss wird in der Dissertation ein alternativer Standpunkt aufgezeigt welcher auf den rhetorischen Relationen zwischen den Sätzen eines Diskurses basiert. Entsprechend dieser Vorstellung kann die Pronomenauflösung als ein Nebeneffekt des Erschließens (Inferenz) dieser Relationen angesehen werden. Der Unterschied in der Verwendung von overt und null Pronomen würde dann nicht zuvor erschlossenen anaphorischen Präferenzen folgen, sondern wäre direkt abhängig von der Herstellung der Diskurskohärenz. In diesem Rahmen wird es möglich das Verhalten von Erwachsenen und Kindern in den Experimenten sinnhaft zu deuten.This dissertation presents and discusses a series of experiments concerning how monolingual adult and child speakers of Chilean Spanish interpret and produce anaphoric subject personal pronouns in discourse. In Spanish, subject pronouns can be either overt or covert. Both forms are used in discourse anaphora. The dissertation investigates what difference in meaning they express. It begins by presenting a common general view, according to which the two kinds of pronouns have complementary anaphoric preferences. This means that, under the presence of two possible antecedents, each kind of pronoun is expected to pick out a different one. Three possible forms of conceiving complementarity are taken into account. Throughout the dissertation, their predictions are tested in different comprehension and production experiments. The results present strong evidence against the idea of complementarity. The dissertation considers then an alternative line of explanation, based on how the sentences of a discourse are related through rhetorical (coherence) relations. According to it, the resolution of pronouns can be seen as a by-product of inferring these relations. The difference between using overt and covert subject pronouns would not obey pre-determined anaphoric preferences (for subject and object antecedents, for instance), but depend on how pronouns contribute to the establishment of coherence in the discourse. Within this frame, better sense can be made of both adults’ and children’s performance in the experiments.
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Thiago, Irene Soares. "Da tradução ou não de pronomes e partículas pronominais do Italiano ao Português: algumas escolhas feitas por dois tradutores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-16052016-150714/.
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Este estudo é movido pela curiosidade quanto a como se resolvem, nas traduções do italiano para o português, questões de colocação pronominal. Encontramos, normal e frequentemente, na língua italiana, principalmente na língua falada, pronomes cujos equivalentes em português existem em gramáticas normativas da língua portuguesa, mas que, na prática, não são utilizados pelos falantes e escritores brasileiros. Encontramos, também, na língua italiana, um significativo número de verbos pronominais (como esserci, volerci, averne etc.) e um considerável número de verbos pronominais múltiplos (como andarsene, farcela, fregarsene etc.) que, juntamente com esses pronomes, constituem, para os professores brasileiros de italiano língua estrangeira (LE), elementos difíceis de trabalhar na sala de aula. Além disso, tais elementos também podem dificultar o trabalho dos tradutores, que devem fazer determinadas escolhas ao traduzi-los para o português. Como são traduzidos os pronomes combinados do italiano nas versões brasileiras? Será que os portugueses, que possuem, por exemplo, tais pronomes utilizam-nos em todos os casos em que os encontramos nos textos de partida? E as partículas pronominais são simplesmente eliminadas no texto de chegada ou são substituídas? Tais aspectos, se observados e organizados, podem levar a uma melhor compreensão das duas línguas em contato e dar subsídios a estudantes, professores e tradutores. Pensando nessa dificuldade, esta pesquisa buscou e listou alguns autores e obras disponíveis para consulta e analisou um corpus com cento e sessenta e três ocorrências de pronomes no italiano, mais sete acréscimos de pronomes no português brasileiro (PB) e/ou português europeu (PE), partindo do romance Uno, nessuno e centomila de Luigi Pirandello e suas respectivas traduções em PB e PE. Nosso objetivo consiste em encontrar respostas úteis à diminuição do estranhamento, por parte de um italiano, que escuta, de um brasileiro, frases sem pronomes (ainda que o italiano as entenda) e/ou a sensação de inadequação e, até mesmo, de desconforto, por parte de um brasileiro, ao produzir frases com todos os pronomes. No corpus analisado, temos uma amostra das escolhas e respectivas traduções propostas pelos tradutores para casos de pronomes reflexivos, de pronomes pessoais do caso reto, de pronomes pessoais do caso oblíquo, de pronomes combinados e de partículas pronominais ne, ci e vi, com manutenções, omissões, trocas por outros pronomes (possessivos, retos, oblíquos, demonstrativos) e, até mesmo, uma espécie de compensação numérica com a inclusão de palavra inexistente no texto de partida.This study is conducted by the curiosity on how pronoun collocations issues are solved in translations from Italian to Portuguese. We usually and normally find in the Italian, especially in the spoken language, pronouns whose equivalent in are given in normative grammars of the Portuguese language, but that are not used in pratice neither in written nor in the spoken language. We also find in the Italian language, a significant number of pronominal verbs (as esserci, volerci, averne etc.) and a considerable number of multiple pronominal verbs (as andarsene, farcela, fregarsene etc.) which are also difficult to work in the classroom. Furthermore, these elements can also hamper the work of translators, who must make certain choices to translate them into Portuguese. The question then arises, how are Italian combined pronouns rendered in Brazilian and European Portuguese translations? Do European Portuguese speakers, who use such pronouns, use them in all cases in which we find them in source texts? Are combined pronouns simply eliminated in the target text or are they replaced? Such aspects, when observed and organized, can lead to a better understanding of the two languages in contact and give grants to students, teachers and translators. Considering this difficulty, this research sought and listed some authors and available works for consultation and examined a corpus of one hundred sixty-three occurrences of pronouns in Italian, plus seven uses of pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and/or European Portuguese (EP), based on the novel Uno, nessuno and centomila by Luigi Pirandello and its corresponding translations into PB and PE. Our objective is to find useful answers for the decrease of strangeness of an Italian listening to a Brazilian who is using sentences without pronouns (although the Italian understands them) and/or the feeling of inadequacy and even discomfort of a Brazilian to produce sentences with all the pronouns. In the analyzed corpus, we have a sample of the choices made by translators to translate reflexive, personal subjective pronouns and objective pronouns, combined pronouns and the pronominal particles ne, ci e vi, showing cases of maintenance, omission, exchanges for other pronouns (possessive, subjective, objective, demonstrative) and even a kind of numerical compensation with the inclusion of a full noun not occurring in the source text.
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Oshima-Takane, Yuriko. "The learning of pronouns /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71959.
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This thesis investigates how children learn the first and the second person pronouns in English. In the first phase two cross sectional studies, which examined production and comprehension in children between 16 months and 36 months of ages, were conducted to determine what types of hypotheses children entertain about the semantic rules of the pronouns. In the second phase an intervention experiment was conducted to determine whether children benefit from observing speech not addressed to them for discovering the correct rules. This hypothesis was evaluated by comparing the effects of two different intervention programs: One providing children with opportunities to observe the shifting reference of personal pronouns in speech addressed to others and the other not providing such opportunities. The results suggest that even children under two years old can learn the correct rules of personal pronouns from speech not addressed to them.
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CRUZ, SYLVIA DE OLIVEIRA E. "IDENTIFYING OBJECTS THROUGH PRONOUNS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4039@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA necessidade de se conhecer o identificador de um objeto para solicitar seus serviços é uma restrição à utilização de orientação a objetos na construção de sistemas grandes e complexos. Para minimizar esta restrição, foi proposta uma forma de se referenciar a um determinado objeto através de uma identificação genérica, denominada pronome. Pronomes permitem que o programador especifique o envio de uma mensagem sem que o objeto destino seja nominalmente conhecido neste contexto. Com pronomes, a visibilidade de um objeto aumenta sem que regras de encapsulamento e visibilidade sejam quebradas. Desta forma, classes servidoras completamente desacopladas de seus clientes podem ser construídas e utilizadas em diferentes contextos. Neste trabalho, exploram-se pronomes já definidos anteriormente, dando a estes um novo tratamento através de linguagens abertas, e definem-se novos pronomes. O conjunto de pronomes obtido facilita a implementação de arquiteturas e padrões de projeto de relevância, sendo também abrangente no que diz respeito às características dos objetos representados por seus pronomes. Define-se ainda, a partir da experiência adquirida com a implementação dos pronomes, um framework para a definição e implementação de novos pronomes. Este framework é ainda aqui instanciado para dois novos pronomes a fim de validá-lo.
The need to know the object identification to request it s services is a estriction in the construction of object oriented system. To reduce this restriction we have proposed a form of generic reference to an object named pronoum. Pronouns allow the programmer to specify how to send a message without knowing the destination object by name. With pronouns, the visibility of an object increases without breaking the rule of encapsulation. With this feature decoupled server classes may be constructed and used in different contexts. This work define some pronouns, show its utilities through of examples and suggest a framework to new pronouns creation.
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Willie, MaryAnn. "Navajo pronouns and obviation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185691.
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In this thesis the nature of argument structure in the Navajo sentence is identified, with particular focus on the complex system of incorporated pronouns, and anaphora and obviation in the language. It is argued that Navajo is a pronominal argument language, where arguments are incorporated pronouns, while nominals are adjuncts. Descriptions of syntactic devices for marking co- and disjoint reference of arguments, within the simple clause, across the clauses in complex sentences, and in discourse contexts are given. These devices include: the yi/bi- alternation, which I identify as a voice contrast confined to sentences with all third person arguments; the "fourth" person, used for obviation and for deference, and the parallel processing convention.
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Tarrés, Larrègola Mònica. "L’Adquisició de les propietats morfosintàctiques i discursives dels pronoms clítics en català L2: un estudi en infants lusòfons i francòfons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671268.
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Aquesta tesi estudia el coneixement i l’ús de les propietats morfosintàctiques i discursives dels pronoms clítics d’acusatiu (el, la, els, les) i de datiu (li, els) de tercera persona i dels clítics en argumental, en partitiu, hi argumental i hi locatiu, en bilingües seqüencials portuguès-català i francès-català de 9 a 12 anys escolaritzats a Andorra. El portuguès i el francès tenen pronoms clítics com el català però, a diferència del català i del francès, el portuguès no disposa dels clítics en i hi. A més, en les construccions dislocades a l’esquerra, només en català i en francès és obligatori reprendre l’argument amb el clític. A partir de tres experiments de producció (un d’obert i dos de tancats) i una prova de judicis de gramaticalitat, es constata una gradació de dificultat entre els clítics i una omissió d’algunes de les funcions estudiades, en particular, dels clítics hi locatiu i dels oblics en i hi per part dels L2 i també per part dels nadius.This dissertation investigates the acquisition of Catalan morphosyntax and discourse properties of 3rd person accusative (el, la, els, les) and dative (li, els) clitics and oblique en, partitive en, oblique hi and locative hi by 9-to-12 year-old sequential bilinguals whose L1 is French or Portuguese. They are all schooled in Andorra. Portuguese and French have clitic pronouns like Catalan but, unlike Catalan and French, Portuguese does not have the clitics en and hi. Moreover, CLLD is only possible in French and Catalan. The results of three production tasks (two guided and a non-guided one) and a grammaticality judgement task indicate difficulties in clitic acquisition and omission of clitic forms such as locative hi, oblique en and oblique hi in L2 Catalan and in native children.
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Baggaley, Valerie. "The syntactic category of pronouns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38521.pdf.
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Gustafsson, Sendén Marie. "Personal Pronouns in Evaluative Communication." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97479.
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Personal pronouns represent important social categories; they are among the most common words in communication and are therefore highly interesting in studying psychological perspectives and relations. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether pronouns are used in semantic contexts in a way that reflect psychological biases. Specifically, I have tested whether self-, group-serving- and gender biases occur when pronouns are used in natural language. To study this, I developed a structure for pronouns in social categorization where the pronouns are categorized in a self-inclusive/exclusive, an individual/collective, and a gender dimension. New methods for examining pronouns usage in language were developed in the thesis, for use in experiments and in computerized studies of large data corpora of media news. The results of this thesis showed that self-inclusive pronouns (I, We) consistently were used in more positive contexts than self-exclusive pronouns (He, She, They) by participants who generated messages in the lab (Study I), and by journalists in written media news (Study II). Study I revealed that the evaluative context surrounding I and We varied according to the specific communicative situation. When individuals generated messages individually, more positive contexts were selected for I than We. However in a collaborative setting, We occurred in contexts of similar valence as I. An intergroup setting magnified the differences between self-inclusive and self-exclusive pronouns (e.g., between We and They and between I and He/She). In an analysis of 400 000 news media messages, We occurred in more positive context than I (Study II). In Study III, the contexts of He and She in these media news were examined. The results showed that He occurred nine times more often, and in more positive contexts than She. Moreover, words associated with She included more labels denoting gender, and were more uniform than words associated with He. In sum, this thesis shows that studying the use of pronouns is a fruitful way to investigate social psychology phenomena. The thesis contributes to the understanding of how pronoun use convey knowledge about social cognition, attitudes, gender stereotypes, as well as interpersonal and intergroup relations.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Nikolaeva, Liudmila Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The secret life of pronouns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87500.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 140-145).
This thesis explores the relationship between anaphora and movement on a wide array of data primarily from Russian. I argue that anaphors and pronominals are underlyingly the same syntactic entity, an index, whereas conditions A and B of binding theory should be substituted by principles regulating the spell-out of an anaphoric element as a reflexive or a pronominal. Through cyclic covert movement of an index, accompanied by cyclic evaluation of its phonological form, I account for the constraints against backward anaphora, or cataphora, found in Russian, as well as subject-orientation of anaphors and anti-subject orientation of the pronominals. The proposal derives the systematic complementarity of distribution of anaphors and pronominals in some contexts, as well as systematic lack thereof in others. Finally, I explore the interaction of anaphora with overt movement, scrambling in particular. I conclude that reconstruction effects correlate with case assignment in the way predicted by Wholesale Late Merger theory. Using this conclusion, I provide an argument in favor of existence of Determiners in Russian.
by Liudmila Nikolaeva.
Ph. D.
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Zwane, Nonsikelelo Barbara. "Grammar of the pronouns in SiSwati." Diss., University of Pretoria, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81031.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this investigation is to give a detailed
description of the morphology, the syntax and finally the
semantic function of the different pronouns found in
siSwati. Before this is done (in Chapters 2 - 4) the
modern and traditional views regarding pronominalisation
in the Bantu languages are analyzed and evaluated (in
Chapter 1). It is concluded that the traditional view
which regards the so-called pronouns in the Bantu
languages and in siSwati in particular as words that
replace nouns in sentences is unfounded and that the
basic function of these words is, in fact, that of
nominal determiners and that they become pronouns only
when the nouns have been omitted in discourse.
In chapters 2 - 4 the morphological structure of the
different kinds of pronouns in siSwati is analyzed. In
the case of the demonstratives the conflicting views
concerning the assumed structure of these pronouns are
examined and evaluated. It is concluded that the
assumption that these words are formed by means of noun
class prefixes is unjustified and that they, in fact, are
formed by means of agreement morphemes.
An analysis of the semantic features of the pronouns has
inter alia revealed that the so-called absolute pronouns
have a dual semantic function depending on whether they precede or follow their coreferent noun. When they
appear in post-nominal position they serve to contrast
their coreferent noun whilst they emphasize their
coreferent noun when they appear in pre-nomonal position.
In addition to the morphological and semantic description
of the different kinds of pronouns a detailed description
of their syntactic features is also given.
In the final Chapter the focus falls on the concordial
system in the Bantu languages. The chapter ends with a
brief outline of certain prominent views concerning the
possible historical development of agreement in the case
of subjects, objects and adjectives in the Bantu
languages.Afrikaans: Die vernaamste doel van hierdie ondersoek is om ·n gedetailleerde beskrywing van die morfologie, die sintaksis en laastens die semantiese funksie van die verskillende soorte voornaamwoorde in siSwati te gee. Alvorens dit gedoen word (in hoofstukke 2 - 4), word die tradisionele en moderne beskouings omtrent pronominalisasie in die Bantoetale eers in oenskou geneem en ook geevalueer (hoofstuk 1). Dit word gekonkludeer dat die tradisionele beskouing ingevolge waarvan die sogenaamde voornaamwoorde beskou word as woorde wat naamwoorde in sinne verplaas ongegrond is en dat die basiese funksie van hierdie woorde in feite naamwoordelike bepalers is en dat hulle slegs voornaamwoordelik raak wanneer die naamvoord waarmee hulle korefereer uit die diskoers weggelaat word. In hoofstukke 2 - 4 word die morfologiese struktuur van die verkillende soorte voornaamwoorde in siSwati geanaliseer. In die geval van die demonstratiewe word teenstrydige standpunte omtrent die veronderstelde morfologiese samestelling van hierdie voornaamwoorde ondersoek en geevalueer. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hierdie woorde nie met behulp van klasprefikse gevorm word soos wat sommige grammatici te kenne gee nie maar met behulp van kongruensie morfeme. Die ontleding van die semantiese kenmerke van die voornaamwoorde het ender meer aan die lig gebring dat die sogenaamde absolute voornaamwoorde ·n dubbele semantiese funksie het afhangende daarvan of hulle die naamwoord waarmee hulle korefereer volg of dit voorafgaan. Wanneer hierdie voornaamwoorde postnominaal optree kontrasteer hulle die betrokke koreferente naamwoord en wanneer hulle prenominaal optree emfatiseer hulle hierdie naamwoord. Bo en behalwe die morfologiese en semantiese beskrywing van die verskillende soorte voornaamwoorde word ook n gedetailleerde beskrywing van hulle sintaktiese kenmerke gegee. In die laaste hoofstuk val die soeklig op die konkordiale sisteem in die Bantoetale en die rol wat dit in die pronominalisasieproses in hierdie tale speel. Daar word gekonkludeer dat die werklike voornaamwoorde in die Bantoetale die kongruensie of sogenaamde konkordiale morfeme is. Die hoofstuk word afgeeindig met 'n bondige uiteensetting van enkele prominente beskouings oor die moontlike historiese ontwikkeling van kongruensie in die Bantoetale met besonder verwysing na die ontwikkeling van onderwerp- en voorwerpkongruensie asook kongruensie in die geval van adjektiewe. Die ontleding van die semantiese kenmerke van die voornaamwoorde het ender meer aan die lig gebring dat die sogenaamde absolute voornaamwoorde ·n dubbele semantiese funksie het afhangende daarvan of hulle die naamwoord waarmee hulle korefereer volg of dit voorafgaan. Wanneer hierdie voornaamwoorde postnominaal optree kontrasteer hulle die betrokke koreferente naamwoord en wanneer hulle prenominaal optree emfatiseer hulle hierdie naamwoord. Bo en behalwe die morfologiese en semantiese beskrywing van die verskillende soorte voornaamwoorde word ook n gedetailleerde beskrywing van hulle sintaktiese kenmerke gegee. In die laaste hoofstuk val die soeklig op die konkordiale sisteem in die Bantoetale en die rol wat dit in die pronominalisasieproses in hierdie tale speel. Daar word gekonkludeer dat die werklike voornaamwoorde in die Bantoetale die kongruensie of sogenaamde konkordiale morfeme is. Die hoofstuk word afgeeindig met 'n bondige uiteensetting van enkele prominente beskouings oor die moontlike historiese ontwikkeling van kongruensie in die Bantoetale met besonder verwysing na die ontwikkeling van onderwerp- en voorwerpkongruensie asook kongruensie in die geval van adjektiewe.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1995.
African Languages
MA
Unrestricted
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Foster, Adelaide. "Personal Pronouns, Mirrors of Beliefs? : The Usage of Personal Pronouns in the Speech of a Religious Leader." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25442.
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This essay analyses the speech of the Dalai Lama and suggests possible effects that core aspects of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy, such as the theory of selflessness, might have when a believer uses the personal pronouns I, you, he, she, we and they. Collected utterances of the Dalai Lama during the Charlie Rose Show has been used in order to conduct a threefold investigation, using pragmatic, discourse analytical and sociolinguistic backgrounds, aiming to understand these effects more thoroughly. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for this report based on previous studies with a data-based method. These approaches enabled the researcher to find, for instance, a consistent use of the first-person personal pronoun by the Dalai Lama in the material. Other findings include an acknowledgment of philosophical influence concerning the field of intentionality, when related to religious discourse, as Buddhism establishes religious discourse as being based on the speaker’s motivation alone. The status of the Dalai Lama notwithstanding, his use of personal pronouns was also not found to match the findings of previous research on status and the use of self-mention.
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Bramley, Nicolette Ruth, and Nicolette Bramley@canberra edu au. "Pronouns of politics : the use of pronouns in the construction of 'self' and 'other' in political interviews." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2001. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040817.141350.
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Pronouns play a key role in the construction of self and other. They are not merely a way of expressing person, number and gender as is suggested by traditional grammarians nor do they only do referential and deictic work. Rather, they must be thought of in the context of interaction and in terms of the identity work that they accomplish. In this thesis, it is argued that pronouns are used to construct favourable images of themselves, and others.¶ The context of this study is the Australian political media interview. In this study, the pronouns I you we and they are examined individually, then, as they occur in sequence. This investigation reveals that pronouns are used to construct politicians multiple selves and others and that as they occur in sequence, the changing selves of politicians and different others are created. The construction of these multiple selves and others is a version of reality that politicians construct discursively and is not an objective representation of facts.¶ This analysis of pronouns in political interviews also reveals striking and hitherto unresearched uses of pronouns, which can be used to show affiliation or create distance between people where it would not traditionally be expected. Politicians actively exploit the flexibility of pronominal reference to construct the different identities of themselves and other and use them to create different alignments to, and boundaries between, their multiple selves and others. Thus, pronouns are pivotal in the construction of reality a reality that is created and understood in the discourse of the moment.
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Nampetch, Camille. "English Translation of Thai Pronouns : How Two Translators Have Dealt with Thai Personal Pronouns in Four Reigns." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161146.
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This study has looked into what translation techniques Tulachandra and Barang have used in their English translation of Thai personal pronouns in Pramoj’s novel Four Reigns. Thai uses different personal pronouns to different people to signify social status, gender and intimacy, which may be challenging for the English translations to achieve. With the limited material available, the personal pronouns sadet, khun, mae, pho and various kinship terms and titles were explored. The results showed that the most frequent translation technique was equivalence, that is, the translating of Thai pronouns into the English I or you. The borrowing technique was also used from time to time. Due to language and cultural differences between Thai and English, it is not possible for the translations to achieve a hundred percent accuracy in terms of underlying meaning of the personal pronouns. The translators did, however, make an effort in keeping the special traits of the pronouns by adding a proper noun into the sentence.
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Rudaitis, Rimas. "Morfonologiniai įvardžių kirčiavimo pagrindai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060620_114319-94830.
Full textAbstract:
The system of stressing pronouns is describing based on accentual characteristic of five morphemes.
Three main – accentual might, accentual classification and accent, other – intonation and attraction – are subsidiary accentual characteristics of morphemes. Stressing of pronouns has no sixth – characteristic of vowel gradation. Accentual classification of primary pronouns is based on linguistic and pragmatic factors. There are three main stressing types: stable, unstable and individual. Almost for all primary pronouns, with few exceptions, characteristic weaker stem. Many primary pronouns has distinctive stressing.
Primary pronouns are the most frequent. The most frequent pronoun in Lithuanian language is pronoun he. It is used different forms.
Derivatives are classified taking into account formants of formation or accentual characteristics of other affixes. Between suffixal pronouns prevail strengthening and weakening stressed suffixes. Suffixal pronouns have suffixes of several types. From the respect of use suffixal pronouns are rare than primary, frequent pronouns are only few.
Ending and compound pronouns are only few. It is rather hard to establish their regularity of accentual characteristics. For stressing pronouns it is important their component junction of morphemes.
Stressing of pronouns, which grow together, depends on accentual characteristic of primary words. Many of pronouns, which grow together, are used very rare. The components of combinational pronouns... [to full text]
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Modesto, Artarxerxes Tiago Tacito. ""Formas de tratamento no português brasileiro: a alternância tu/você na cidade de Santos - SP"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-02102006-221207/.
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Esta pesquisa visa a descrever e explicar o uso das formas de tratamento tu e você em Santos, cidade do litoral do Estado de São Paulo, levando em consideração aspectos sociolingüísticos e pragmático-discursivos, que atuam na alternância destas formas. Há, segundo RAMOS (2001), dois pontos de vista que têm norteado as pesquisas sobre as formas de tratamento: um de natureza sócio-histórica, que leva em consideração o uso amplo de você como uma opção por um tratamento igualitário, e outro que trata o problema como um processo de mudança baseado na implementação da forma você com estatuto pronominal, que desta forma vem alterando a concordância e acarretando muitas mudanças no sistema pronominal a partir de meados dos séculos XIX. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um estudo quantitativo das formas de tratamento tu e você em Santos, buscando os fatores relevantes para a primeira das duas abordagens sugeridas, além de fazer algumas considerações acerca da segunda abordagem. Com o suporte da metodologia da Sociolingüística Variacionista Laboviana, busca-se explicitar até que ponto as diferentes situações interacionais levam os falantes a escolherem uma ou outra forma pronominal. Constituem o corpus analisado 20 inquéritos correspondentes a textos conversacionais realizados entre falantes santistas. Em outras palavras, busca-se verificar em que medida fatores discursivos (referenciação, expressividade,monitoramento), ao lado dos fatores sociais (gênero, faixa etária, escolaridade dos informantes) e um lingüístico (função sintática da forma de tratamento), podem explicar o fenômeno. Adota-se, por conseguinte, uma perspectiva funcionalista de análise, já que se leva em conta toda a situação comunicativa: o propósito do evento da fala, seus participantes e o contexto discursivo.This research aims to describe and explain the ways of address tu and você in Santos, city of the coast of São Paulo, considering sociolinguistic and pragmatic discursive aspects that act on the alternation of these forms. There is, according to RAMOS(2001), two points of view that have lead the researches on the ways of address: one of socio- historical nature, that considers the ample use of você as an option for equalitarian treatment, and another one that sees the problem as a change in process problem, based on the implementation of the form você with a pronominal statute, causing by this way modifications in the concordance and provocating many changes in the pronominal system since the middle of the XIX centuries. Therefore, this work presents a quantitative study of the ways of address tu and você in Santos, looking for the relevant factors presented by the first of these two approaches above, but it makes some considerations about the second approach too. Supported by the Labovian Variacionist Sociolinguistic Methodology, it looks to explicit how the different interacional situations lead the speakers to select one or another pronominal form. The corpus is composed by 20 recordings of santistas speakers conversations. By other words, it looks for verifying how the discursive factors (referentiation, expressivity, monitoring), sided by social factors (gender, age, scholarship of the speakers) and a linguistic factor (syntactic function of the ways of address), can explain the phenomena. It takes, therefore, a functionalist perspective of analysis, because it considers all the communicative situation: the speaking event proposal, its participants and the discursive context.
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Nonomiya, Ayumi. "Second person pronouns in eighteenth-century dramas." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17594/.
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Nanbakhsh, Golnaz. "Persian address pronouns and politeness in interaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6206.
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In this thesis, I aim to investigate the variation of Persian pronominal address system and politeness strategies in contemporary Iranian society from a quantitative and qualitative sociolinguistic perspective. I focus on Persian speakers’ use and perception of pronominal address forms in the light of socio-cultural norms in contemporary Iran. Persian, has two personal pronouns for singular address, to ([to]) the familiar or intimate ‘you’ and šoma ([∫oma:]) the deferential or formal ‘you’ (historically the second person plural but now also used as second person singular). Moreover, Persian is a pro-drop language, so the interaction between address pronouns and agreement marking on the verb must be taken into account. Another significant feature of colloquial Persian is a hybrid usage of the overt deferential second person pronoun and informal agreement forming a mismatch construction (i.e. šoma with 2s verb agreement) and intra-speaker pronominal address switches that occur between the deferential and casual pronominal address forms. Those deviations from the prescribed forms and/or distribution of the address pronouns are very interesting aspects that may show different levels of politeness even in one utterance. Consequently, this research examines spontaneous data looking at the sociolinguistic distributions and the pragmatic functions of pronominal address forms in contemporary Persian language and politeness synchronically. Three types of spontaneous data were collected for the purpose of analysis: a) participant observation, b) natural media conversations and c) sociolinguistic interviews with Persian speakers. In this study, the quantitative analysis investigates the correlation of pronominal address forms with extralinguistic factors such as age and gender of speaker and addressee in the interactional data. The qualitative analysis sheds light on how pronominal address forms and their variation encode communicative strategies in face-to-face interactions. Based on triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results with sociolinguistic interviews, I propose a dynamic model of indexicality for Persian pronominal address forms, which accommodates different forms and functions of address pronouns in interactional stances.
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Tonciulescu, Keren C. "Licensing Conditions for Indefinite Pronouns in Modern Hebrew." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19941.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation investigates syntactic and semantic aspects of the indefinite pronoun system in Modern Hebrew and consists of an experimental part and a theoretical part.
The experimental part presents the grammaticality judgment task conducted to test three theoretical questions: (1) the relation between negation and the licensing of AF `any' and KOL `any'; (2) the contrast between EYZE `some' and EYZESEHU `some' in terms of specificity; and (3) the correlation between syntactic position and free choice readings.
Three main theoretical findings are contributed by this work. First, it is shown that from a typological viewpoint, Hebrew, a Semitic language, patterns with Romance and Germanic languages, rather than Japanese-type languages, in having indefinite pronouns specialized for particular operators available in the discourse. Second, the thesis proposes a novel unified syntax-semantics for KOL which accounts for its interpretational variability. Working with the Kratzer and Shimoyama (2002) framework where indefinite pronouns generate sets of individual alternatives, the semantics of a KOL--modified noun phrase is formalized as a variable and containing a restriction. When this restriction ranges over kinds, KOL receives a generic reading; when the restriction is over a contextually specified set of entities, KOL has an episodic reading. In these cases, the KOL--phrase moves to the argument position of a universal quantifier which binds the individual alternatives generated by the KOL--phrase. If KOL stays in situ, the individual alternatives are allowed to expand into propositional alternatives, resulting in the free choice reading. Third, I discuss the DP-internal structure of [eyze(N)se-hu (N)] and [(N) kol(N)se-hu], treating 'se-hu' as a CP. I propose that there is a correlation between the postnominal position and the free choice readings of these pronouns, suggesting that domain restrictions, usually derived in the semantics-pragmatics, may also be encoded in the syntax. If this hypothesis is on the right track, it could provide us with a better understanding of how and when in the process of language acquisition domain restrictions found with indefinite pronouns are acquired.
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Guerriero, A. M. Sonia. "The acquisition of deictic feminine third-person pronouns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/MQ50519.pdf.
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Zulaica, Hernández Iker. "Demonstrative pronouns in spanish: a discourse-based study." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/306318296.
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Zulaica, Hernandez Iker. "Demonstrative pronouns in Spanish a discourse-based study /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196826616.
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Guerriero, A. M. Sonia (Antonia Michela Sonia). "The acquisition of deictic feminine third-person pronouns /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21216.
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This thesis investigated how a third-born female child acquired the deictic meaning of feminine third-person pronouns in English. The child began producing feminine third-person pronouns at 24 months of age and made few production errors. In contrast, she made systematic comprehension errors between 24 and 36 months of age and did not master the correct comprehension until 40 months of age. Analysis of the child's person errors indicated that she held the proper name interpretation that the feminine third-person pronoun her referred to herself. In production, however, the child rarely called herself with feminine third-person pronouns because she had already mastered the correct use of first-person pronouns in self-reference. The issues of why the child made systematic person errors for such a long period of time and how she corrected the errors are discussed with regard to Oshima-Takane's (1985, 1998) pronoun-learning model.
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Maitland, Karen. "Why choose me? the pragmatics of English pronouns." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329494.
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Sudo, Yasutada Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "On the semantics of phi features on pronouns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77805.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-260).
This thesis investigates three topics relating to the semantics of phi features on pronouns. Part I focuses on gender features on pronouns. Following previous studies (Cooper 1983, Heim & Kratzer 1998), I claim that they are presupposition triggers. Based on this assumption, I show that predicates containing bound gendered pronouns have an assertive meaning that does not entail the gender presupposition, and further point out that such predicates pose a serious challenge for existing theories of presupposition projection, especially with respect to quantified sentences. A conclusion drawn from this discussion is that the presupposition needs to be dissociated from the assertive meaning, as in Karttunen & Peters's (1979) two dimensional theory. However, such a theory is known to run into the so-called binding problem in quantified sentences. I propose a solution to the binding problem using the mechanism of cross-sentential anaphora, and show that the resulting theory nicely accounts for the projection properties of various quantificational determiners. Part II discusses the interpretation of person and number features on bound pronouns. It is known that some occurrences of phi features on bound pronoun behave as if they are semantically inert (Heim 2008b, Jacobson to appear, Kratzer 1998a, 2009, Partee 1989). One popular account of this phenomenon, the minimal pronoun account, claims that such phi features are purely morphological, and postulates a PF operation that transmits phi features of a binder onto each pronoun that it binds (Heim 2008b, Kratzer 1998a, 2009). I put forward an alternative account that dispenses with the PF operation, and instead puts most of the burden on syntax, by encoding more information in the indices than standardly assumed. As a result, all occurrences of phi features are semantically relevant. I offer both empirical and conceptual arguments for the proposed account over the minimal pronoun account. Part III deals with the phenomenon of indexical shifting where person features are systematically affected (Anand 2006, Anand & Nevins 2004, Schlenker 1999, 2003b). I discuss novel data from Uyghur and Japanese as well as data drawn from previous studies, particularly focusing on the universals and variation within and across languages.
by Yasutada Sudo.
Ph.D.
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Nelli, María Florencia. "Studies in the demonstrative pronouns of early Greek." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b61ae3df-f234-42ad-b69d-95187f1196e7.
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This study identifies and describes constituents, patterns and distribution of the system –or systems- of demonstratives of a representative selection of early Greek dialects, namely the “Arcado-Cyprian” group: Arcadian and Cyprian, including a short analysis of Pamphylian as well as a discussion of the particle νι/νυ and a brief note on Mycenaean; the “Aeolic” group: Lesbian, Boeotian and Thessalian; and a selection of West Greek dialects, including both “Doric” and “Northwest Greek” dialects: Elean, Cretan, Laconian, Cyrenaean and Theran. It also examines, describes and compares the syntactic functions and, where possible, pragmatic uses of the series of demonstratives in operation in the selected dialects, providing a classification capable of accounting for all uses cross-dialectically, as well as a succinct account of the evolution of the system of demonstratives from Indo-European to “Ancient Greek”. Additionally, it offers a glimpse of the way in which deixis and anaphora seem to have worked in early Greek dialectal inscriptions, addressing the issue of defining demonstrative pronouns, as well as deixis and anaphora in general terms. Finally, this thesis provides the basis for a cross-dialectal comparison of the structure and operation of the different systems of demonstratives, and corrects some general misconceptions about the scope, usage and inter-dialectal connections of some series of demonstratives, particularly with regard to Arcadian and Cyprian. The results of such a study might contribute towards the discussion of the classification and history of the evolution of early Greek dialects.
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Veiga, Busto Raquel. "Person and number in Catalan Sign Language pronouns." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673364.
Full textAbstract:
Languages use different resources to specify the numerosity of the
referents and to denote the speech act participants. This thesis describes
the morphophonological strategies used in Catalan Sign Language
(LSC) personal pronouns to encode these distinctions. In a nutshell,
I argue that the expression of person and number is achieved by
using two interrelated strategies: person is expressed through spatial
features (locations in the signing space which are defined in relation
to the signer’s body), number is grammatically marked by the path
specifications of the sign (movements connecting spatial locations).
Combining these two operations results in the formal marking of three
person distinctions (with a further contrast between exclusive, minimal
inclusive and augmented inclusive in the first person) and four number
values (singular, dual, paucal and plural).Les llengües utilitzen diferents recursos per a expressar el nombre dels referents i designar als participants en els actes de parla. Aquesta tesi descriu les estratègies morfofonològiques utilitzades als pronoms personals de la llengua de signes catalana (LSC) per a codificar aquestes distincions. En resum, es proposa que les categories de persona i nombre s’expressen utilitzant dues estratègies interrelacionades: la persona s’expressa a través de trets espacials (localitzacions a l’espai sígnic definides en relació amb el cos del parlant), el nombre es marca gramaticalment a través d’especificacions en la trajectòria del signe (moviments que connecten localitzacions espacials). La combinació d’aquestes dues operacions es tradueix en la codificació formal de tres distincions de persona (amb una oposició addicional entre exclusivitat, inclusivitat mínima i inclusivitat augmentada en la primera persona) i quatre valors de nombre (singular, dual, paucal i plural).
Las lenguas utilizan diferentes recursos para expresar el número de los referentes y designar a los participantes en el acto de habla. Esta tesis describe las estrategias morfofonológicas usadas en los pronombres personales de la lengua de signos catalana (LSC) para codificar estas distinciones. En síntesis, se propone que las categorías de persona y número se expresan utilizando dos estrategias interrelacionadas: la persona se expresa a través de rasgos espaciales (localizaciones en el espacio sígnico definidas en relación con el cuerpo del hablante), el número se marca gramaticalmente a través de especificaciones en la trayectoria del signo (movimientos que conectan localizaciones espaciales). La combinación de estas dos operaciones se traduce en la codificación formal de tres distinciones de persona (con una oposición adicional entre exclusividad, inclusividad mínima e inclusividad aumentada en la primera persona) y cuatro valores de número (singular, dual, paucal y plural).
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Zulaica, Hernandez Iker. "Demonstrative pronouns in Spanish: a discourse-based approach." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1196826616.
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Fletcher, Lyle L. "Pronouns of Address in the Book of Mormon." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1988. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,34224.
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Balogh, Jennifer Elaine. "Pronouns, prosody, and the discourse anaphora weighting approach /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3112198.
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Bertolino, Karina Gomes. "Restrições sobre a interpretação da proforma ele com antecedente local do Português Brasileiro: um estudo experiemental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-08112013-104910/.
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O objetivo desta dissertação é discutir casos em que a forma ele do português brasileiro (PB) pode aparecer localmente ligada. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos: no Experimento I, falantes nativos adultos de PB e crianças adquirindo essa língua recusaram a leitura localmente ligada do ele quando este era objeto direto de um verbo. No Experimento II, por outro lado, adultos e crianças aceitaram a ligação local do ele quando a forma era complemento de uma preposição. Observou-se também uma associação entre a aceitabilidade da ligação local do ele dentro de PPs e a natureza semântica do predicado: diante predicados de reflexividade improvável, adultos e crianças permitiram a ligação local do ele significativamente mais em predicados de reflexividade provável do que improvável. Baseando-me em Hornstein (2001), assumo que o pronome ele ligado é um elemento que é inserido como último recurso nos contextos preposicionais, dada a impossibilidade de movimento para fora de PPs no PB.This dissertation aims to discuss cases in which the form ele in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) can be locally bound. Two experiments were conducted: in the first one, adult speakers of BP and children acquiring this language refused the locally bound reading of ele when it was the direct object of a verb. On the other hand, in the second experiment, adults and children allowed the locally bound reading of ele when it was inside a PP. We noted an association between the acceptability of the bound reading of ele and the semantic nature of the predicate: the children and adults tested allowed local binding of ele significantly more often with probable reflexive verbs, than with improbable ones. Following Hornstein (2001), I assume that the bound pronoun ele is an elsewhere element that is inserted in prepositional contexts, due to the absence of preposition stranding in BP.
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Godoy, Mahayana Cristina 1985. "Idiossincrasias do processamento de pronomes plurais." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270557.
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Orientador: Edson FrançozoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoy_MahayanaCristina_D.pdf: 4933990 bytes, checksum: c592273bb1019af254798b4a660fb45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Tradicionalmente, o estudo do processamento das expressões pronominais sempre partiu do pressuposto de que o processador, ao ser confrontado com um pronome, inicia uma busca imediata por um antecedente. Esse ponto de vista guiou boa parte dos vários estudos sobre pronomes singulares (e.g., Arnold et al., 2000; Sturt, 2003) e, também, os poucos estudos feitos sobre o processamento de pronomes plurais (e.g., Oakhill et al., 1992). Nesse trabalho, apresentamos casos de pronomes plurais não-anafóricos que desafiam essa visão incremental, como em "Alice gostava de comer carne, e eles faziam uma picanha suculenta na churrascaria do Leblon". Nesse caso, só é possível alcançar a referência do pronome plural ao final da sentença, quando se chega à expressão "churrascaria do Leblon". Esses casos nos levam a questionar (i) se pronomes plurais, assim como os singulares, se ligam imediatamente a um antecedente provido pelo contexto; (ii) se o processamento de pronomes plurais depende de um antecedente explícito ou inferível no contexto para que possa ocorrer sem custos cognitivos adicionais. Em um primeiro experimento de leitura feito por meio de rastreamento ocular, testamos com que rapidez pronomes plurais e singulares constroem uma relação correferencial com um antecedente explícito no contexto anterior. Os resultados indicam que pronomes singulares estabelecem uma relação imediata de correferência, e a revogação essa relação implica custo cognitivo comparativamente a contextos em que a correferência é mantida. Pronomes plurais, por outro lado, parecem não se ligar de imediato com seu suposto antecedente, o que faz com que situações de revogação de correferência não resultem em um custo adicional de processamento. Em um segundo experimento, testamos quão necessários são esses antecedentes para que pronomes plurais e singulares sejam lidos sem custo adicional. Pronomes singulares que não tinham um antecedente explícito no contexto anterior levaram a um maior tempo de leitura do que pronomes singulares que mantinham relação de correferência com um antecedente. Por outro lado, pronomes plurais sem antecedente não foram cognitivamente mais custosos em comparação a pronomes plurais que contavam com um antecedente explícito no contexto. Levando em conta os processos de resolução pronominal, concluímos que nossos resultados não corroboram o pressuposto de que pronomes plurais e singulares sigam a mesma estratégia de resolução. Como pronomes plurais tendem a depender de informações apresentadas posteriormente no texto, sua resolução pode ser adiada sem acarretar custo processual. Além disso, como nossos dados sugerem que pronomes plurais podem permanecer sem resolução por um período de tempo, os resultados descritos parecem indicar que o processamento linguístico pode se pautar por representações superficiais do input linguístico em algumas situações específicas
Abstract: The study of pronoun resolution has traditionally relied on the presupposition that the parser starts searching for an antecedent as soon as it is confronted with a pronoun. This view has guided most of the large amount of work on the processing of singular pronouns (e.g. Arnold et al., 2000; Sturt, 2003) as well as the scarce work that has been done on the resolution of plural pronouns (e.g., Oakhill et al., 1992). Here, we study some occurrences of plural pronouns that seem to defy such an incremental view, as in "Alice used to eat beef everyday, and they usually prepared a delicious New York strip at the steakhouse". In this text, a referent for the plural pronoun "they" is inferred through the locative "at the steakhouse", but it is not until the end of the sentence that the reader has this information. These observations raise the questions of (i) whether plural pronouns create an immediate co-referential relation with a possible antecedent and (ii) whether processing plural pronouns really requires an antecedent by the time these expressions are read. In an eye-tracker experiment, we tested how quickly singular and plural pronouns build a co-referential link with a referent that was explicit in a previous sentence. Our results show that singular pronouns are immediately read as co-referential to their antecedent, and canceling this co-reference evokes a greater cost in comparison to situations in which the co-reference is kept through the whole sentence. On the other hand, plural pronouns does not seem to create such an immediate relation with its supposed antecedent, and canceling the co-reference does not result in extra processing cost. In a self-paced reading task, we tested how crucial it was for the processing of plural and singular pronouns that these expressions had an antecedent. Singular pronouns with no antecedent showed greater reading times in comparison to pronouns that had an antecedent. Reading times for plural pronouns were the same regardless of the presence of an antecedent. From the perspective of pronoun processing, we can conclude that the results described above do not fit the presupposition that singular and plural pronoun processing follow the same resolution strategy. Because plural pronouns may depend on information presented later in the discourse, its resolution may be delayed without causing extra processing cost. Furthermore, because our data suggest that plural pronouns may continue unresolved, these results may also be interpreted as evidence that language processing, in specific situations, may rely on superficial representations of discourse structure
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutora em Linguística
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Lepistö, Johan. "Redundant Personal Pronouns in Narrative Sanskrit : A Statistical Investigation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för orientaliska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89897.
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Liao, Wei-Tai. "An LFG Account of Empty Pronouns in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522760.
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Andersson, Linnea. "Personal Pronouns in Editor’s Letters : A gender-based study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28803.
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Several studies have shown that women tend to use more personal pronouns and therefore show more involvement with the reader. This paper examines the differences between male and female editors’ letters in magazines. The study applied the method of corpus linguistics in order to examine forty editor’s letters twenty from the male-targeted magazine Gentlemen’s Quarterly and twenty from the female-targeted magazine Harper’s Bazaar. First person singular and second person singular pronouns were examined to determine whether the female editor showed more involvement with the reader than the male editor. The result shows that the male editor from the Gentlemen’s Quarterly shows more involvement with the reader than the female editor from Harper’s Bazaar, which clashes the findings of previous studies.
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Masumoto, Ayaka. "Overt Pronouns and Bound Variable Reading in L2 Japanese." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218636842.
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Linford, Bret Gene. "The acquisition of subject pronouns in second language Spanish." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292009-154201.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Montana, 2009."Major Subject: Modern and Classical Languages and Literatures" Contents viewed on November 11, 2009. Title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kato, Carolyn K. "A comparison between pre-verbal "you-me" pointing and the acquisition of verbal pronouns : does gestural knowledge facilitate the acquisition of verbal pronouns?" Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61834.
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Matos, Ingrid de Oliveira. "Entre o cambucá e a nêspera: aspectos do português brasileiro em O tronco do ipê e o projeto romântico de José de Alencar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7429.
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Esta dissertação investiga tendências pronominais encontradas na obra O Tronco do Ipê (1871), de José de Alencar, situando o romance no contexto literário em que se insere o autor o Romantismo. Também utilizamos o romance Sonhos dOuro (1872) em situações em que foram necessários contrapontos. O primeiro elemento pronominal analisado foi a frequência e a deriva gramatical da construção a gente, típica da variedade americana da língua portuguesa e etapa final do processo da gramaticalização, que a tornou equivalente a nós. Quanto ao a gente, nossa finalidade foi averiguar em que medida esse recurso da língua coloquial foi incorporado pelo ilustre prosador brasileiro. O segundo elemento analisado foi a colocação pronominal, largamente mencionada tanto por críticos contemporâneos ao autor cearense quanto por aqueles estudiosos do legado alencariano e romântico para a expressão linguística na literatura. Para a colocação pronominal, levantamos dados diversos que possam confirmar ou questionar os estudos já existentes. Por fim, estudamos ainda o significado do aparecimento/ausência do pronome reto como acusativo ou como acusativo-sujeito na língua literária de Alencar. Esta pesquisa pretende ser uma contribuição a um capítulo da história do português escrito no BrasilThis dissertation investigates pronominal trends found in the novel O Tronco do Ipê (1871), by José de Alencar, situating it in the literary context in which the author was The Romanticism. It has also been used the novel Sonhos dOuro (1872) (to counterpoint in specific situations). The first pronominal element analysis was the frequency and grammatical construction from a gente, the typical American variety of Portuguese and final step of the process of grammaticalization, which became equivalent to nós. Our purpose was to examine to what extent this feature of colloquial language was incorporated by the renowned Brazilian prosaist. The second element analyzed was pronoun placement, widely mentioned not only by contemporary critics, but also by studious of the Alencarian and romantic legacy of this linguistic expression in literature. For pronoun placement, we have raised several data that can confirm or question the existing studies. Finally, we have studied the significance of the appearance/absence of the pronoun as accusative or as accusative-subject in Alencars literary language. This research is a contribution to a chapter in the history of written Portuguese in Brazil
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Nakaggwe, Lynn. "The persuasive power of personal pronouns in Barack Obama’s rhetoric." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23743.
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Rhetorical skills are a very important part of political discourse. Being able to persuade an audience in a speech is central for politicians. This study aims to investigate how the personal pronouns I, you, we and they are used strategically in Barack Obama’s speeches. Previous research suggests that certain personal pronouns can enable politicians to take on different identities, which in turn gives them an opportunity to distance themselves from problematic issues and also invoke specific ideological ideas on their audience. The study analyzes personal pronouns by the means of the co-text and the broader social context. It is found that I, you and we are used both to enhance the ‘self’ and portray the opposition in a negative way, while they focused on portraying the opposition negatively. However, the fact that politicians have speechwriters can be problematic when drawing conclusions of the pronominal choice.
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Brozin, Marcus. "The intentions behind Barack Obama's strategic use of personal pronouns." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8068.
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Cappellaro, Chiara. "History and development of third person pronouns in Italo-Romance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543708.
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Kim, Hana. "The interpretation of English pronouns by native speakers of Korean /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1564005151&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages." Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-99). Also available online.
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Wynn, J. Michael. "The scope of personal pronouns in Ephesians 1 & 2." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
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Engelhardt, Maike. "Generic pronouns and their influence on the speakers' language awareness." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1844.
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Schulte-Nafeh, Martha. "Overt subject pronouns in Cairene Arabic: Pragmatic and syntactic functions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280649.
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This dissertation investigates the use of null and overt subject pronouns in Cairene Arabic. The data for the study are: (1) a corpus of 1944 clauses from a movie; and (2) responses of 6 Egyptian consultants regarding their preference for the use/non-use of subject pronouns in those clauses. In indicative sentences, overt pronouns are used about one-third of the time with both first and second person subjects (31.7% and 29.8%, respectively). The percentage for third person subjects is only 6.4%. The claim, made frequently over the last 20 years, that null subjects can only occur in Arabic with predicates that have person marking is shown to be empirically incorrect. Numerous examples of null anaphora with predicates lacking person marking are presented and I argue that the information processing strategies needed to recover the intended subject with such predicates is not qualitatively different from strategies needed to recover null subjects with predicates that do have subject person marking. Referential ambiguity across predicate types was analyzed in order to determine whether or not this ambiguity was playing a role in motivating more overt pronoun use. I found no evidence that this ambiguity leads to increased overt pronoun use. The traditional explanation of overt pronoun use in terms of expressing "emphasis" and/or "contrast" is not illuminating. These terms are not semantic or pragmatic primitives and do not explain the underlying discourse circumstances that lead to overt pronoun use. I explain the use of overt pronouns as resulting from an extra "layer" of meaning implicit in the utterance with the overt pronoun and argue that the added meaning can frequently not be conveyed without the overt pronoun. Once speaker illocutionary intent is taken into consideration, the use of an overt pronoun frequently becomes pragmatically obligatory. The sources of that added, often indirect, meaning are identified through a careful analysis of examples in the corpus which consultants indicated were pragmatically obligatory. In addition, an information processing function of "predicate signaling" is proposed for overt pronouns occurring with definite NP predicates that could be interpreted as new subjects of predication, in the absence of an overt subject pronoun.
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Ainola, Tiina. "(Dis)continuité référentielle en contexte dialogal. L'emploi du pronom personnel anaphorique après les séquences dialoguées." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030175.
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La thèse porte sur l’emploi des pronoms personnels anaphoriques sujets dans le récit faisant suite à des séquences dialoguées. Elle est fondée sur un corpus de 370 extraits de romans français du XIXème siècle qui ont été systématiquement annotés. Le point de vue général adopté est tiré des travaux linguistiques et psycholinguistiques sur la référence et l’anaphore, il prévoit que l’assignation du référent au pronom se fait par l’intermédiaire de la représentation mentale construite par les lecteurs au cours du traitement du discours. Dans les extraits étudiés, les expressions référentielles renvoyant à des personnages ont été systématiquement annotés, en particulier les pronoms de troisième personne et les pronoms de dialogue, ainsi que les formes vides dans les phrases attributives de discours rapporté quand celles-ci sont ellipsées. La forme et la fonction des expressions référentielles est prise en compte de même que l’enchaînement des répliques. Les référents sont annotés par des traits contextuels indépendants les caractérisant : +/– centre anticipateur dans la narration avant le dialogue, +/– sujet dans le discours cité et +/– locuteur de la dernière réplique, plus d’autres traits comme la différence de genre. Quatre grandes configurations sont distinguées et, à la suite, nous proposons une typologie des transitions en fonction de la (dis)continuité entre la narration, le discours citant et le discours cité. Les données tirées du corpus montrent que, parmi les traits pris en compte, ce sont les mentions du référent du pronom à la suite de la séquence dialoguée dans la narration avant le dialogue et la différence de genre entre les participants du dialogue qui influent le plus sur les transitions, ainsi que le statut du référent en tant que locuteur de la dernière réplique, plutôt que le fait qu’il soit sujet de la dernière proposition du discours citéThis thesis explores the use of anaphoric personal pronoun in the narration following dialogue in literary text. The study is based on a nearly four hundred dialogue passages borrowed from XIXth century French novels. We have adopted the point of view that pronoun resolution is guided by the mental representation being constructed during discourse processing. All the expressions referring to characters, as well as implicit speakers in the absence of a reporting clause have been annotated in the passages. Besides the linguistic properties of referents, our study also considers dialogue’s alternating structure. After studying separately several features caracterizing a referent, such as +/– gender difference, +/– mentions in the narration before the dialogue, +/– being subject in the dialogue and +/– being speaker of the last quote, their combinations in chains were presented. Based on four different types of chains, a typology of transitions by referential (dis)continuity between narration, reporting clause and direct speech has been proposed. Of the studied features, the transitions are most influenced by the mentions of a referent in the narration before the dialogue and by different gender of discourse participants, but also by the referent being the speaker of the last line of the dialogue, while the fact of being the subject in the direct speech has less importance
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Hatzidaki, Anna. "Interactions between languages in verb- and pronoun-agreement in bilingual sentence production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6583.
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This thesis investigates how fluent bilinguals make use of the grammar of their two languages when they construct verb- and pronoun-agreement only in one language (monolingual mode) or in both their languages (bilingual mode). We are particularly interested in the impact of the non-response language in sentence processing on the response language. Bilingual research has provided evidence for language integration in bilingual speech (e.g., Hartsuiker, Pickering, & Veltkamp, 2004) which is also consistent with the phenomenon of code-switching whereby speakers can use elements of each language in producing mixed-language utterances (e.g., Myers-Scotton, 2002). So far, studies at the lexical level have provided support for parallel language activation (e.g., Colomé, 2001), yet the issue of whether activation of either language can be strong enough to influence the workings of the other is still in dispute (e.g., Hermans, Bongaerts, de Bot, & Schreuder, 1998, but see Costa, La Heij, & Navarrete, 2006). In three separate sections of the thesis we employ a sentence-completion paradigm widely used in monolingual agreement literature (Bock & Miller, 1991) to examine language interaction effects in the monolingual and the bilingual modes of speech (Grosjean, 2000). English-Greek and Greek-English fluent bilinguals produced completions to singular or plural subjects when the number of the translation was either the same or different, and when their completion either did or did not switch languages. The first section investigates whether there is influence of the divergent number properties of the nonresponse native language (L1) on verb-agreement in the response second language (L2). The results of Greek-English bilinguals show influence of the underlying number of the L1 on completions in the L2. We interpret this in terms of a markedness account (e.g., Eberhard, 1997) whereby parallel activation and competition between an L2 singular subject noun and its L1 plural translation results in plural verbagreement because the singular form is more vulnerable to the marked plural form. English-Greek bilinguals who perform on the same monolingual mode do not show influence of their L1 when speaking in the L2 (Greek). We attribute this finding to a difference of morphological/inflectional properties between the two languages which renders a language that displays fewer overt markings (English) easier to control when utterances are produced in a language that displays more overt markings (Greek) (e.g., Vigliocco, Butterworth, & Semenza, 1995).
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Choi, Jaehoon. "Pronoun-Noun Constructions and the Syntax of DP." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318830.
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This dissertation is a study of the syntactic structure of noun phrases. In particular, this study focuses on the Pronoun-Noun Construction (PNC) which is composed of a non-possessive pronoun and a common noun as in We Tucsonans love rain. The core theme of this thesis lies in the idea that the PNC forms a natural class with the Demonstrative-Noun Construction (DNC). Though this idea is not radical (Giusti 1997, 2002), neither this claim nor its consequences has been adequately recognized or explored. This study advances this idea by demonstrating the existence of syntactic and semantic parallels between the PNC and the DNC. This hypothesis leads to a unified analysis of the two constructions: the pronoun merges in the specifier of an extended nominal projection and moves to [Spec, DP], on analogy with previous analyses of the structure of the DNC (Giusti 1997, 2002; Panagiotidis 2000; Rosen 2003). This proposed analysis necessitates reconsideration of important theoretical issues in syntax. In particular, the current analysis of the PNC implies a novel view of the DP-internal locus of person, which demarcates pronominal DPs from non-pronominal DPs. That is, the source of the valued person feature is the pronoun embedded in the DP, rather than the D head of the DP. This view of the locus of person leads in turn to a proposal of the agreement between PNC subject and predicate in which DP-internal agreement feeds DP-external agreement. Third, the proposed analysis of agreement provides a straightforward account for the optionality of the pronoun in the PNC across languages, if coupled with a pro-drop theory in which an empty category is postulated (e.g., Rizzi 1986). I justify the particular choice of a pro-drop theory by showing that the competing head-movement-based approaches to pro-drop (e.g., Alexiadou and Anagnostopoulou 1998) not extendable to pro-drop in the PNC. Lastly, I show that the dislocation of demonstratives and pronouns to the left periphery of DP patterns with the wh-movement to the left periphery of CP in a given language. This constitutes a new piece of evidence for the parallelism between DP and CP. Evidence used in this thesis is primarily drawn from Modern Greek and English, with additional data from Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Modern Hebrew Hebrew, Russian, Spanish, and Turkish.
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Walker, Terry. "Second person singular pronouns in early modern English dialogues 1560-1760 /." Uppsala : Department of English, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5858.
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Lam, Tsz-ling Elaine, and 林芷玲. "The French of Cantonese-speaking learners: the case of personal pronouns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2677690X.
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