Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Pronostic et management de la santé'
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Gaudel, Quentin. "Approche intégrée de diagnostic et de pronostic pour la gestion de santé des systèmes hybrides sous incertitude." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0019/document.
Full textThis study takes place in the field of system health management, which aims at developing maintenance aid tools, but also at improving the systems autonomous decision-making in case of failures. In this context, diagnostic techniques determine whether and why the system is down, while prognostic techniques determine when failures will occur and their consequences. If they seem to be correlated, they are usually studied separately because the time scales manipulated by the two processes are very different. This work aims at developing a tool that integrates both diagnosis and prognosis methods for the monitoring of hybrid systems, whose dynamics are both continuous and discrete. The proposed methodology, based on hybrid particle Petri nets, is applied to a planetary rover to demonstrate its usability in real cases through the management of knowledge-based and data-based uncertainty
Shahin, Kamrul. "Modèle graphique probabiliste appliqué au diagnostic de l'état de santé des systèmes, au pronostic et à l'estimation de la durée de vie résiduelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0129.
Full textThis thesis contributes to prognosis and health management for assessing health condition of complex systems. In the context of operational management and operational safety of systems, we propose to investigate how Dynamic Probabilistic Graphical Modelling (DPGM) can be used to diagnose the current health state of systems, prognostic the future health state, and the evolution of degradation, as well as estimate its remaining useful life based on its operating conditions. System degradation is generally unknown and requires shutting down the system to be observed. However, this is difficult or even impossible during system operation. Though, a set of observable quantities on a system or component can characterise the level of degradation and help to estimate the remaining useful life of components and systems. The DPGM provides an approach suitable for modelling the evolution of the health state of systems and components. The aim of this thesis is to transpose and capitalize on the experience of these previous works in a prognostic context on the basis of a more efficient DPGM taking into account the available knowledge on the system. We extend the classical HMM family models to the IOHMM to allow the time propagation of uncertainty to address prognostic problems. This research includes the extension of learning and inference algorithms. Variants of the HMM model are proposed to incorporate the operating environment into the prognosis. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to solving the following scientific locks: - Considering the state of health whatever the complexity of the system by a stochastic model and learning the model parameters from the available measurements on the system. - Establish a diagnosis of the state of health of the system and the prognosis of its evolution by integrating several operational conditions. - Estimate the remaining useful life of components and structured systems with series and parallel components. This is a major challenge because the prognosis of the degradation of system components makes it possible to define strategies for either control or maintenance in relation to the residual life of the system. This allows the reduction of the probability of occurrence of a shutdown due to a system malfunction either by adjusting the degradation speed to fit in with a preventive maintenance plan or by proactively planning maintenance interventions
Bencheikh, Ghita. "Planification conjointe des activités de production et de maintenance en fonction de l'état de santé des ressources." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0005.
Full textAs production systems have become highly developed, they use more complex processes and more sophisticated machines. However, despite how powerful the machines may be, their health status deteriorates over time and through their use. Maintenance processes are therefore unavoidable for a production system, because planning production without taking maintenance into account can lead to costly re-scheduling. In order to increase the productivity of companies, waiting for production equipment failures to occur before maintaining them is no longer an appropriate maintenance policy because production schedules are often disrupted due to unexpected machine downtime. In addition, corrective maintenance operations, often carried out on an emergency basis, take longer than preventive maintenance operations for which logistics is anticipated. For this reason, as part of conditional maintenance (CBM), predictive maintenance policies are attracting increasing interest from researchers because they make it possible to anticipate failures by scheduling maintenance tasks on equipment components according to their health status and their expected remaining useful life. Indeed, recently developed prognostic and health management (PHM) methods process the data provided by monitoring sensors that can be installed in equipment to provide a decision support tool that allows optimal use of resources. However, these proposed methods are only used for maintenance planning without taking into consideration future resource uses for production. Generally, production and maintenance tasks are planned separately in real manufacturing systems. This often leads to conflicts between these two functions, because the operations of each are perceived as a source of disruption by the other. These conflicts affect the overall productivity of companies, hence the importance of cooperation between production and maintenance managers to ensure punctuality and quality of production to improve the company's profits. Joint production planning and maintenance thus seems more appropriate. However, the implementation of such planning requires prior knowledge of the availability of the machines. It seems that the fusion of concepts from scheduling, CBM and PHM has the potential to allow joint planning of production and maintenance tasks based on the health status of the machines. The joint planning method we propose is based on Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) which have allowed us to model each entity of the problem as an autonomous agent. The MAS proposed in this work is composed of agents responsible for manufacturing orders (customer agents), machines (production agents) and maintenance resources (maintenance agents) who communicate with each other through a blackboard (environment). Producer agents schedule production operations based on the current and future health status of their machines, estimated using PHM techniques, and plan for maintenance activities when the health status of the machines becomes critical. Through a communication protocol between the agents, they manage to converge to a solution that satisfies all decision-makers. Our model, which we have called SCEMP, is a flexible, generic and distributed model that can be used in a wide variety of systems
Silva, Sanchez Rosa Elvira. "Contribution au pronostic de durée de vie des systèmes piles à combustible PEMFC." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2005/document.
Full textThis thesis work aims to provide solutions for the limited lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems (PEM-FCS) based on two complementary disciplines:A first approach consists in increasing the lifetime of the PEM-FCS by designing and implementing a Prognostics & Health Management (PHM) architecture. The PEM-FCS are essentially multi-physical systems (electrical, fluid, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical, etc.) and multi-scale (time and space), thus its behaviors are hardly understandable. The nonlinear nature of phenomena, the reversibility or not of degradations and the interactions between components makes it quite difficult to have a failure modeling stage. Moreover, the lack of homogeneity (actual) in the manufacturing process makes it difficult for statistical characterization of their behavior. The deployment of a PHM solution would indeed anticipate and avoid failures, assess the state of health, estimate the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of the system and finally consider control actions (control and/or maintenance) to ensure operation continuity.A second approach proposes to use a passive hybridization of the PEMFC with Ultra Capacitors (UC) to operate the fuel cell closer to its optimum operating conditions and thereby minimize the impact of aging. The UC appear as an additional source to the PEMFC due to their high power density, their capacity to charge/discharge rapidly, their reversibility and their long life. If we take the example of fuel cell hybrid electrical vehicles, the association between a PEMFC and UC can be performed using a hybrid of active or passive type system. The overall behavior of the system depends on both, the choice of the architecture and the positioning of these elements in connection with the electric charge. Today, research in this area focuses mainly on energy management between the sources and embedded storage and the definition and optimization of a power electronic interface designated to adjust the flow of energy between them. However, the presence of power converters increases the source of faults and failures (failure of the switches of the power converter and the impact of high frequency current oscillations on the aging of the PEMFC), and also increases the energy losses of the entire system (even if the performance of the power converter is high, it nevertheless degrades the overall system)
Bouaziz, Mohammed Farouk. "Contribution à la modélisation Bayésienne de l'état de santé d'un système complexe : application à l'industrie du semi-conducteur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993732.
Full textYue, Meiling. "Contribution of developing a prognostics-based energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid system - application to a fuel cell/battery hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD029.
Full textFuel cell hybrid propulsion system is gaining momentum in today's automotive market and offers a sustainable solution for the world climate change in the transport sector. However, the durability and reliability of the power sources used in the hybrid system are the inevitable obstacles for its massive commercialization. To optimize and maximize the lifespan of the hybrid system, a prognostics and health management (PHM) approach is deployed to manage and mitigate the power source degradation behaviour and applied to a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle.In this context, two main contributions are made. The first stage is to deploy a prognostics method that can be used in the hybrid system. Particle filtering, as a commonly used state estimation method, is adapted for prognostics purpose in this thesis. It is used to handle the imprecise and uncertain degradation data and estimate the remaining useful life. The method is validated by historical fuel cell and battery datasets and the results are evaluated by the designed prognostics metrics.Subsequently, a second stage on the health management aspect of PHM is proposed. As the split of demanded power in a hybrid system is managed by an energy management strategy (EMS), the orientation of this stage is to develop a health-conscious EMS in the context of PHM. A great quantity of researches on prognostics with finished experimental data have been found in the literature, while how to use the prognostics results to make corrective control actions is rarely discussed. To help against this vacancy in hybrid system applications, a prognostics-enabled decision-making process is designed. The performance is evaluated by quantifying the degradation and the lifetime of the system in a simulated environment and a discussion on prognostics occurrence is launched for further investigations on maintenance
Chaoub, Alaaeddine. "Deep learning representations for prognostics and health management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0057.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the application of Deep Learning (DL) in Remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of industrial equipment, addressing significant challenges in this field. Our research is driven by the need to develop DL architectures that mitigate performance degradation under various operating conditions, to improve model interpretability, and to address data scarcity by leveraging external (un)labeled data. We structured our work into two principal parts. In the first part, we explore architectures capable of handling data variability resulting from different operating conditions, without manual feature engineering. This led us to propose an MLP-LSTM-MLP architecture. By employing an MLP at the first stage, we were able to normalize this variability, thus improving performances under such settings. Furthermore, To enhance interpretability, we proposed to replaced the first-stage MLP stage with a Gated mixture of experts (GMoE) system, enabling interpretable decomposition based on operating conditions. The second part of the thesis addresses the issue of data scarcity, a widely recognized challenge in the Prognostics and health management (PHM) field. Through the introduction of adapters, i.e. task-specific layers that address the challenge of handling multiple input/output structures, we proposed an auxiliary training approach that leverages external labeled data, presenting a method that surpasses traditional techniques found in the literature. Moreover, to utilize external unlabeled data in auxiliary training, We proposed a meta-learning approach to automatically derive auxiliary objectives from these data by pseudo-labeling them in an end-task aware manner. The goal of this part was to leverage broader spectrum of available data to improve RUL prediction performances. In reflecting upon our work, we acknowledge the limitations of the proposed approaches and suggest both immediate and long-term directions for future research. These include tackling the challenges of processing long sequence data, further improving model interpretability, addressing data scarcity with more advanced training methodologies, and exploring the potential of federated learning and large language models in industrial settings
Bastide, Victor. "Facteurs de pronostic des jumeaux : expérience du CHU de Montpellier entre le 01.01.1986 et le 31.12.1990." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11038.
Full textDievart, Mickaël. "Architectures de diagnostic et de pronostic distribuées de systèmes techniques complexes de grande dimension." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0063/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, various architectures for the control and the monitoring of Large Scale Complex Technical Systems (LSCTS) are discussed. The problematic of condition-based maintenance and health status assessment is defined. A diagnostic and prognostic typology is presented leading to the assessment of the health status of LSCTSs. Decentralized diagnosis studies are discussed then the contributions of the ICT and of the distributed technologies for the diagnosis are presented. Thereafter, the distributed diagnosis and works relative to this kind of deployments are introduced. The limits of the centralized and decentralized diagnosis approaches are presented. Then the centralized approaches are compared to the distributed ones. Information and/or knowledge that support the diagnosis and the prognosis as well as their modeling in order to exploit them are described and formalized. A characterization is proposed for the different status of a component can be in. Requirements are described for the monitoring layer of the LSCTSs are described in order to implement the proposed diagnosis and prognosis principles that are then specified by the means of algorithms. Eventually, a health assessment method of the LSCTSs is also proposed. Several deployments can be considered to implement the health assessment of the LSCTSs. A simulation platform, which was developed to evaluate the performances of the centralized and the distributed deployments, is presented. Among the purposes of the platform, one is to behave as the monitoring layer of a LSCTS. A use case is proposed for two deployments and their performances are compared
Schacht, Rodriguez Ricardo. "Planification de la mission des drones basée sur le pronostic et la gestion de la santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0257.
Full textRotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) with take-off and vertical landing capabilities or multirotors have proved to be an efficient and low-cost solution for civil flight applications due to significant advances in the development of robust and more efficient altitude and attitude control strategies, planning and re-planning algorithms capable of detecting and avoiding obstacles and Fault Diagnosis & Fault Tolerant Control methods. In most applications where multirotors are used, they develop different task as exploration, photogrammetry, filming, mapping and more recently all those dedicated to precision agriculture such as irrigation and crop monitoring. During the task development, the multirotor executes a mission which consists to fly through a set of paths connected by n reference points (named way-points) inside a known or unknown area. However, during the mission development, different negative factors decrease the multirotor flight performance such as environmental conditions, occurrence of faults or failures in actuators/sensors and energetic limitations due to the power source constraints. The energetic limitation problem in a multirotor are due to power capabilities that on-board battery can supply. Due to power and energy requirements, multirotors are powered by Lithium Polymer batteries which are rechargeable batteries of Lithium-Ion technology. They possess a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte and provide high power and energy densities. However, according to the use due to the number of charge/discharge cycles and other factors like damage provoked by over-discharges, the battery performances tend to decrease. Such decrease or aging causes a reduction in the efficiency of the UAV multirotor flight by the decrease of the total mission time or flight endurance, and leads to maneuverability problem, which increases the risk of crash and collision. This thesis topic addresses the issues concerning to battery performances and its influence into the mission and path planning tasks. By considering model-based prognosis techniques and path planning methods, a hierarchy mission planning strategy based on energy consumption is proposed and validated at simulation level considering different flight situations. The UAV performances, as well as its capability to execute and fulfill a mission is weighted by the computation of the battery State of Health (SoH) which is an index to measure the degradation level of the battery. The SoH helps to estimate the battery Remaining Useful Life (RUL) and establishes the energy limitation by the computation of the Maximum Flight Endurance (MFE). Such information is necessary to path planning generation which not only consider the constraints related to the power source but also the scopes and limitations of the mission to be executed. In addition, the main concern of this thesis are long time-distance missions e.g exploration or inspection of remote areas where it is fundamental to have a proper use of energy aboard the multirotor
Jouin, Marine. "Contribution au pronostic d'une pile à combustible de type PEMFC : approche par filtrage particulaire." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2027/document.
Full textThe development of new energy converters, more efficient and environment friendly, such as fuelcells, tends to accelerate. Nevertheless, their large scale diffusion supposes some guaranties in termsof safety and availability. A possible solution to do so is to develop Prognostics and HealthManagement (PHM) on these systems, in order to monitor and anticipate the failures, and torecommend the necessary actions to extend their lifetime. In this spirit, this thesis deals with theproposal of a prognostics approach based on particle filtering dedicated to PEMFCs.The reasoning focuses first on setting a formalization of the working framework and theexpectations. This is pursued by the development of a physic-based modelling enabling a state ofhealth estimation and its evolution in time. The state estimation is made thanks to particle filtering.Different variants of filters are considered on the basis of the literature and new proposals adaptedto PHM are proposed and compared to existing ones. State of health estimates given by the filter areused to predict the future state of the system and its remaining useful life. All the proposals arevalidated on four datasets from PEMFC following different mission profiles. The results show goodperformances for predictions and remaining useful life estimates before failure
Boulay, Pierre. "Étude des effets d'un programme de réadaptation cardiaque sur les facteurs associés au pronostic cardiaque et l'utilisation des soins de santé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57958.pdf.
Full textZaghmouri, Noura. "Innovations managériales et management de proximité au sein des organisations de santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0194.
Full textThe increasing growth of health expenditure, accentuated by changes in health needs, has inevitably led to the introduction of a budgetary constraint within hospitals. These budgetary restrictions, denounced by the health professionals, caused a real discomfort within the hospitals imposing to envisage organizational reforms. Managerial innovations have thus become a possible response to the hospital crisis. However, their implementation may be hampered by obstacles related to the structural complexity of health organizations and the plurality of actors involved in them. The literature highlights the key role of the proximity manager in helping to overcome resistance by supporting the creation of a sense of innovation.Our research aims to specify the methods of influence of the proximity manager on the implementation of managerial innovation and its adoption by the actors of the organization. Based on an intervention research carried out in immersion for six months in a Luxembourg hospital, we support the implementation of a managerial innovation, Lean Management, within an outpatient chemotherapy service faced with organizational difficulties.The results of the research highlight the influence of the local manager on the adoption of managerial innovation and reveal factors that moderate the ability to mobilize these levers. Structural adjustments and the introduction of managerial support for the manager's autonomy support his missions to deploy innovation
Melhem, Mariam. "Développement des méthodes génériques d'analyses multi-variées pour la surveillance de la qualité du produit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0543.
Full textThe microelectronics industry is a highly competitive field, constantly confronted with several challenges. To evaluate the manufacturing steps, quality tests are applied during and at the end of production. As these tests are discontinuous, a defect or failure of the equipment can cause a deterioration in the product quality and a loss in the manufacturing Yield. Alarms are setting off to indicate problems, but periodic alarms can be triggered resulting in alarm flows. On the other hand, a large quantity of data of the equipment obtained from sensors is available. Alarm management, interpolation of quality measurements and reduction of correlated equipment data are required. We aim in our work to develop generic methods of multi-variate analysis allowing to aggregate all the available information (equipment health indicators, alarms) to predict the product quality taking into account the quality of the various manufacturing steps. Based on the pattern recognition principle, data of the degradation trajectory are compared with health indices for failing equipment. The objective is to predict the remaining number of products before loss of the performance related to customer specifications, and the isolation of equipment responsible for degradation. In addition, regression- ased methods are used to predict the product quality while taking into account the existing correlation and the dependency relationships in the process. A model for the alarm management is constructed where criticality and similarity indices are proposed. Then, alarm data are used to predict the product scrap. An application to industrial data from STMicroelectronics is provided
Geanta, Ioana. "Contribution à un cadre de modélisation de gestion intégrée de l'état de santé de véhicules : proposition d'un module générique de gestion de la santé suport à l'intégration du diagnostic et du pronostic." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0212/document.
Full textSpherea (formerly Cassidian Test & Services), initiator of the PhD thesis, is a leading provider of Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) solutions for aerospace and military vehicles’ maintenance. The company’s interest in Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) research is motivated by occurrence of No Fault Found (NFF) events detected by ATE, and determining superfluous maintenance activities and consequently major wastes of time, energy and money. IVHM, through its advanced diagnostics and prognostics capabilities, and integration at enterprise level of vehicle health management could solve NFF events occurring during operational-level maintenance. Nevertheless, IVHM systems proposed so far are most of the times developed and matured empirically, for specific vehicle systems, founded on proprietary concepts, and lacking of consensual structuring principles. This results in a lack of consensus in both the structuring principles of IVHM systems and their Systems Engineering. Today, the challenge is to provide an IVHM modelling framework independent from the type of supported system and usable for IVHM Systems Engineering. Towards such framework, the main contributions developed in this thesis progressively build the foundation and pillars of an IVHM modelling framework. The notion of system of systems drives our first proposal of defining principles of an overall IVHM system. From this system vision, the focus of the thesis is oriented on the vehicle centric function of IVHM as catalyst of maintenance decisions at operational level, having the ability to solve the industrial problems at the genesis of the thesis. The key structuring principles of this function are analysed upon three dimensions (functional dimension, a dimension of abstraction, and distribution between the on-board /on-ground segment), setting the basis of the proposal of a generic modelling framework IVHM, considering both vehicle and enterprise centric functions. This framework is built following a Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach, supported by SysML. The major contribution of the thesis is the modelling, within the framework of IVHM, of the generic Health Management Module (gHMM), support for integration of diagnostics and prognostics, key processes of health management. The gHMM formalization enables to integrate diagnostics and prognostics not only in the conventional way: from diagnosis to prognosis, but also in an original one: from prognostics to diagnostics with the purpose of reducing ambiguity groups; the latter is backed-up through the proposal of an algorithm for one elementary activities of the gHMM. The gHMM MBSE engineering thus leads to a generic modelling framework, which, by a principle of instantiation, allows the construction of an IVHM system designed for the health management of individual vehicle systems. Towards such particularization, the thesis investigates characteristics impacting selection of appropriate supporting algorithms. This analysis enables to identify ten generic macro-criteria, which are further formalized based on ontologies and used within a multi-criteria based methodology suited for selecting diagnostics and prognostics algorithms for vehicle health management. Finally, the validation protocol of the scientific contributions is proposed, and applied at different scales of implementation in the field of wind turbine and UAV health management
Geanta, Ioana. "Contribution à un cadre de modélisation de gestion intégrée de l'état de santé de véhicules : proposition d'un module générique de gestion de la santé suport à l'intégration du diagnostic et du pronostic." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0212.
Full textSpherea (formerly Cassidian Test & Services), initiator of the PhD thesis, is a leading provider of Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) solutions for aerospace and military vehicles’ maintenance. The company’s interest in Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) research is motivated by occurrence of No Fault Found (NFF) events detected by ATE, and determining superfluous maintenance activities and consequently major wastes of time, energy and money. IVHM, through its advanced diagnostics and prognostics capabilities, and integration at enterprise level of vehicle health management could solve NFF events occurring during operational-level maintenance. Nevertheless, IVHM systems proposed so far are most of the times developed and matured empirically, for specific vehicle systems, founded on proprietary concepts, and lacking of consensual structuring principles. This results in a lack of consensus in both the structuring principles of IVHM systems and their Systems Engineering. Today, the challenge is to provide an IVHM modelling framework independent from the type of supported system and usable for IVHM Systems Engineering. Towards such framework, the main contributions developed in this thesis progressively build the foundation and pillars of an IVHM modelling framework. The notion of system of systems drives our first proposal of defining principles of an overall IVHM system. From this system vision, the focus of the thesis is oriented on the vehicle centric function of IVHM as catalyst of maintenance decisions at operational level, having the ability to solve the industrial problems at the genesis of the thesis. The key structuring principles of this function are analysed upon three dimensions (functional dimension, a dimension of abstraction, and distribution between the on-board /on-ground segment), setting the basis of the proposal of a generic modelling framework IVHM, considering both vehicle and enterprise centric functions. This framework is built following a Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach, supported by SysML. The major contribution of the thesis is the modelling, within the framework of IVHM, of the generic Health Management Module (gHMM), support for integration of diagnostics and prognostics, key processes of health management. The gHMM formalization enables to integrate diagnostics and prognostics not only in the conventional way: from diagnosis to prognosis, but also in an original one: from prognostics to diagnostics with the purpose of reducing ambiguity groups; the latter is backed-up through the proposal of an algorithm for one elementary activities of the gHMM. The gHMM MBSE engineering thus leads to a generic modelling framework, which, by a principle of instantiation, allows the construction of an IVHM system designed for the health management of individual vehicle systems. Towards such particularization, the thesis investigates characteristics impacting selection of appropriate supporting algorithms. This analysis enables to identify ten generic macro-criteria, which are further formalized based on ontologies and used within a multi-criteria based methodology suited for selecting diagnostics and prognostics algorithms for vehicle health management. Finally, the validation protocol of the scientific contributions is proposed, and applied at different scales of implementation in the field of wind turbine and UAV health management
Frimat, Luc. "Diagnostic et pronostic de la nephropathie à IGA thérapeutique de l'insuffisance rénale chronique terminale : Contribution à une nephrologie basée sur les preuves (doctorat : epidémiologie et santé publique)." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2000_0329_FRIMAT.pdf.
Full textCoron, Eddy. "Diagnostic d'état de santé des batteries au lithium utilisées dans les véhicules électriques et destinées à des applications en seconde vie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI017.
Full textRecent improvements in the properties of lithium-ion batteries, including their cyclability and specific capacity, have enabled the electrification of the vehicle fleet to begin. With few years, this development generates a large stock of used batteries. Along with their recycling, their reuse in a second life is of economic interest and can participate in the integration of intermittent energies into the electrical network. In this thesis work, the influence of the first life on the viability of the second life of Li-ion batteries is studied. Distinct degradation mechanisms are deliberately generated, by imposing different aging protocols on two types of 18650 cells. At the end of this first artificial life, various non-destructive diagnostic tools (impedance spectroscopy, resistance measurements, differential voltage analysis) are subjected to electrochemical characterisations of the electrodes in order to evaluate their accuracy. Some of these cells are then subjected to a second life, a reduced rate cycling protocol in the case of this study. Regardless of the first life, we observe that the generation of lithium plating affects the batteries during their second life. However, depending on the degradation caused in the first life, the kinetics of the appearance of plating are modified. The measurement of the internal resistance of batteries appears to be a first tool, easy-to-implement, for the prognosis of their second life. Depending on the type of cell used and the second life application chosen, the charging rate and the maximum voltage limit must be in line with the internal resistance measurement of the used cells. The importance of the state of health of cells, that is to say their residual capacity, also appears important and tools for rapid estimation of this are proposed, from capacity measurements on fractions of the cell voltage curve. Finally, after the issue of second life longevity, that of the safety of these batteries is assessed, revealing the deleterious impact of lithium plating and pointing out the need for effective thermal management
Duchene, Pierre. "Caractérisation non destructive des matériaux composites en fatigue : diagnostic de l’état de santé et pronostic de la durée de vie résiduelle par réseaux de neurones." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MTLD0008.
Full textThis research work consists in a new approach for non-destructive characterisation of damage in composite materials (carbon/epoxy) subjected to fatigue during self-heating tests (increasing load blocks). This approach is based on the use of several non-destructive techniques applied in-situ, in real time or delayed, whose analysis is either redundant or complementary. Six techniques were used (acoustic emission, infrared thermography, digital image correlation, acousto-ultrasound, C-scan ultrasound and lamb waves) and their post-processed results were merged using algorithms based on neural networks. The results obtained made it possible to assess and locate the damage of the material and to estimate its residual life. In doing so, several scientific advances have been obtained by, for example, carrying out a 2D localization of acoustic events using only two sensors with millimetric precision, or the development of a new pictorial acousto-ultrasonic technique allowing an control of the state of material damage at free stress conditions, ... and finally, the prognosis of the residual lifetime of the material based on a data fusion by neural networks
Brunn, Matthias. "Idées globalisées, défis nationaux : l’introduction du Disease Management et du paiement à la performance en France et en Allemagne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV020/document.
Full textHealth systems in many welfare states are undergoing important transformations, triggered by increasing budgetary pressures and characterized by the growing role of market and rationalization measures. In this context, France and Germany have introduced disease management (DM) programs to deliver more structured patient care and pay-for-performance (P4P) measures to provide financial incentives for providers meeting certain objectives.These reforms, which reflect the increasing role of the State in both statutory health insurance systems, were inspired by Anglo-Saxon models but translated in distinct ways, owing to differences in the two countries’ systems. In Germany, DM and P4P were based on increasing competition between sickness funds and between hospitals, while in France these reforms reflected a shift by its central insurance system “from payer to player”.The positioning of the medical profession vis-a-vis these new instruments of governance, which are hierarchical in nature and impose stronger public accountability, was a key issue in both France and Germany. The negotiation processes were accompanied by a growing disconnect between physician representatives and their memberships in both countries, despite significant differences in the way physicians are traditionally integrated into health system regulation
Drhourhi, Mohamed. "Les pratiques du management de la santé et de la sécurité au travail dans les entreprises marocaines." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30005.
Full textIn this study, we propose an analysis of the Moroccan context of health and safety, both in the social and cultural that legislation. Exploring the management system of health and safety at work has led us to highlight not only the international law sources of the Moroccan labor code, but also the different methods of managing health and safety in companies. We also propose a statistical study to better understand the management, prevention processes and technical management of health and safety within Moroccan companies. At the same time, in order to propose a management model as a basis for growth and economic and social development of the institution, intervention research was also conducted in a Moroccan company. Thus, the reasons for the lack of compliance with existing laws have therefore been highlighted and clear solutions from the use of tools to improve the organization and working conditions at a reduced cost, have been proposed
Sirot, Marie-cecile. "Les cadres de santé entre « culture du soin » et « culture du management »… Jalons pour une reconstruction identitaire." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20101.
Full textThe French health-care system is currently faced with tensions arising from two different visions of health-care: the first one focuses on the unconditional care given to the patient in accordance with the humanistic tradition. The second one focuses on management priorities aiming for an efficient and productive management of hospitals. At the heart of a complex organizational structure lie the health managers, whose roles inevitably shift back and forth between a ‘company culture’ vision and that of ‘health-care culture’, thereby jeopardizing their professional position. Where do health managers stand and what is their future role? The aim of this study is to show the difficulties of juggling the humanistic tradition with the management-based approach and defining their identity. Health managers often find themselves in overlapping positions and strive to combine and apply the two visions in their work on a daily basis. In need of a model to resist management pressures, they act as a ‘support function’. This support stance helps them redefine their position and balances out the negative effects of technical management in health-care. The ability to look back on their own experience reinforces this support function and allows them to overcome the tensions arising from the cleavage between health-care and management. Providing health managers with a specific training in social and human sciences for their personal and professional development would strengthen their ethical values and allow them to regain control of their identity
Sirot, Marie-cecile. "Les cadres de santé entre « culture du soin » et « culture du management »… Jalons pour une reconstruction identitaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20101.
Full textThe French health-care system is currently faced with tensions arising from two different visions of health-care: the first one focuses on the unconditional care given to the patient in accordance with the humanistic tradition. The second one focuses on management priorities aiming for an efficient and productive management of hospitals. At the heart of a complex organizational structure lie the health managers, whose roles inevitably shift back and forth between a ‘company culture’ vision and that of ‘health-care culture’, thereby jeopardizing their professional position. Where do health managers stand and what is their future role? The aim of this study is to show the difficulties of juggling the humanistic tradition with the management-based approach and defining their identity. Health managers often find themselves in overlapping positions and strive to combine and apply the two visions in their work on a daily basis. In need of a model to resist management pressures, they act as a ‘support function’. This support stance helps them redefine their position and balances out the negative effects of technical management in health-care. The ability to look back on their own experience reinforces this support function and allows them to overcome the tensions arising from the cleavage between health-care and management. Providing health managers with a specific training in social and human sciences for their personal and professional development would strengthen their ethical values and allow them to regain control of their identity
Duprat, Philippe. "Mécanismes incitatifs et changement dans les systèmes de santé : applications à l'amélioration de la qualité et à l'évaluation." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077154.
Full textBoireau, Pascal. "Des virus entéritiques au nématode parasite Trichinella; aller et retour entre recherche et expertises." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790064.
Full textRochas, Olivier. "Veille stratégique et décisions stratégiques : le cas d'un groupe de la santé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG011.
Full textThe theory that postulates the link between information and decision-making has been frequently presented in the academic literature as an essential element of the functioning and performance of the enterprise.This theory is sometimes contradicted by the practice.This questions the assumption that strategic intelligence is useful for the strategic decision-making, especially in industrial groups.Our research aims to understand how those who produce the watch and those who exploit it interact and what are the elements that improve or prevent the decision-makers. It is based primarily on a case study in an industry group in the health sector.The main results of this work show that watchmen have a marginal influence on strategic decision-making. They also show a gap between the objectives pursued by the leader and the information he receives from the watchers.The leader makes the strategic decision while being influenced by other determinants that limit his or her use of the information received. These determinants are the place of the strategic veil in the hierarchy and in the process of creation of meaning; the characteristics of information and the organization of the information circuit; those who inform the leader, the information sought by the leader and the degree of acceptance by the latter of the weak signal.Finally, our work proposes possible areas for improvement to be implemented in companies
Rivière, Audrey. "Tensions de rôle et stratégies d'ajustement chez les cadres de santé : une étude empirique à l'hôpital public." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20104/document.
Full textOver the past three decades, the modernization of the hospital sector has given rise to a new way of organizing the activity and a new distribution of power in hospitals. New management methods have been transposed from the private sector with the aim to improve and modernize the public sector action. However, the objectives of these two sectors are not the same: satisfaction of the public interest for one of them and profitability for the other one. This difference can be beneficial (emulation in link with competition, substantial savings), but also a source of resistance and stress. This new public management destabilizes the different hospital actors who must respond, in the same time, to the principles of public service and to the economic logics of performance. In this context, role stresses can they develop for caregivers? This research is particularly concerned with the different strategies used by the healthcare managers to cope with this kind of potential role stresses. Different changes implemented with the new public management in hospitals, have modified the role and functions of healthcare managers who are henceforth at the interface between a culture of care and a management culture. This research comprises an exploratory study conducted among 15 French healthcare managers in a public hospital and a confirmatory survey conducted among 445 French healthcare managers in 39 public hospitals. The results show that the healthcare managers are in a delicate position that raises different type of daily role stresses. Strategies used by healthcare managers to cope with these role stresses have been also identified
Angel, Mickaela. "le tourisme médical au Maroc : enjeux et nouvelles compétences des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV105/document.
Full textThe development of medical tourism involves several developing countries today. Morocco has made the strategic act of the medical tourism. Many care institutions are involved in this development and we seek to identify how the skills of actors involved and the terms of their acquisition. This dimension is complementary to the organizational changes that have been set to offer services to a customer base increasingly diverse
Rossano, Maryline. "La santé au travail dans les fonctions publiques territoriale et hospitalière : une approche par les ressources." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG008/document.
Full textStress, burnout, well-being, work conditions, psychosocial risks, occupational health covers multiple notions. We choose to consider health according to the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2001). Its major contributions consist firstly in considering health not only from a pathogenic aspect but also from a salutogenic one (Abord de Chatillon, 2005 ; Neveu, 2007, 2012 ; Richard, 2012). Secondly, it proposes to study health as a whole process including its internal and external aspects. The issue of this study is to analyse both the process of maintenance and decline of occupational health in the specific public context. For several decades, this sector has been undergoing major transformations with New Public Management reforms. Although economically necessary this rationalization results in work intensification which influence work organization and health of public agents. Thus, our qualitative study through the three articles considers that occupational health is a dynamic process (in which individuals, collective and organization participate) expressed through the relationship to resources. Our thesis offers several contributions to help identify new organizational resources, to highlight the process of resource mobilization and the proactive capacity, to explicit the spiral process and to confirm the link, not sufficiently explored, between the NPM and job stress
El, Hayek Antoine. "Analyse de vieillissement, estimation de la durée de vie et méthode de surveillance de l’état de santé des condensateurs électrolytiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1037.
Full textWith the emergence of new technologies, we are witnessing the development of techniques to improve dependability and in particular the maintainability of static energy converters and their components. In these conversion systems, the electrolytic capacitors, ensuring a stable DC network, represent an important element in the AC / DC and / or DC / AC electrical energy conversion chain. In operation, they are subject to electrical and environmental constraints (ambient temperature, current ripple, applied voltage, humidity, vibrations, etc.). These capacitors undergo redox reactions, which consume and evaporate electrolyte. The lifetime of the capacitor is thus affected. Therefore, it is interesting to estimate the state of health of these components in order to be able to schedule maintenance operations. It is therefore useful to develop tools for applying conditional monitoring. In the context of this work, the objective is to propose a system for monitoring the state of health of the electrolytic capacitors. We have therefore developed evolution models of their aging indicators which are the variations of the equivalent series resistance ESR and equivalent capacity C. The prediction algorithm is based on the evolution of these indicators to estimate the state remaining life of the capacitor module. The real-time monitoring system developed does not include additional sensors to those already existing in the energy converters considered and does not require prior accelerated aging tests. In this manuscript, we first detail the experimental procedure for accelerated aging, the different stages of characterization, the aging process and the associated results. We propose a simple and effective method to identify ESR and C aging indicators in real time. The proposed algorithm is based on time scaling and on a reference frame of temperature and voltage constraints. Subsequently, the results of the simulation of the surveillance system and the forecast of the selected state of health are presented. Experimental tests have been carried out on capacitors integrated into an industrial speed controller with a power of 15 kW. The algorithms implemented and their respective implementation constraints, for a real-time application, are detailed
Mombo, Stéphane. "Transferts des métaux et métalloïdes dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : mécanismes biogéochimiques et conséquences environnement-santé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0074/document.
Full textPollution of (peri)urban soils by (eco)toxic metal(loid)s is commonly observed on a global scale. Some elements (Se, Cu ...) have biological roles and other (Pb, Cd ...) only have an (eco)toxic impact influenced by their speciation and compartmentalization that can change their transfers and bioavailability. With the perspective of sustainable management of soil and food, multidisciplinary scientific questions are digging for: (i) the mechanisms involved in the bioavailability and impact on living organisms of inorganic elements related to speciation; (ii) the co-management of environmental-health risks from industrial regulated plants (ICPE in France, such as former battery recycling plant) with residents who grow vegetable gardens or employees. In this context, were studied: (1) the transfer of metals between solid phase and soil solution under the influence of earthworms on a ICPE site; (2) the transfer and bioavailability of Se in controlled conditions for two chemical forms; (3) the health risk for the residents with gardening activities near ICPE plant and factors influencing blood lead of professionals (statistical analysis of data). A literature review of the quality of cassava in connection with the cultivation and culinary practices and characteristics of the environment was finally performed to complete the "Science and Society" process of the thesis. From the analysis of different isotopes of lead in the soil around the recycling plant it was concluded that 84 to 100% of lead in surface soils has anthropogenic origin. Avoidance behavior in the most lead polluted areas was observed for A. caliginosa earthworm species. The selenium root transfer, translocation to corn and its bioavailability in the grain are higher in the case of selenate (translocation factor of 1.1, and human bioavailability of 89.3%) compared to selenite (0.13 and bioaccessibility 82.7%). The study of crops quality in the gardens near the ICPE plant (in Bazoches), in relation to atmosphere and soil quality (low Pb contamination, alkaline pH and high organic content that reduce pollutants transfers) highlighted an atmosphere-plant transfer which depends on the metal (Cd is the most bioavailable) and plant species. Pb and Cd concentrations follow respectively the sequences: [lettuce> Leek> celery> carrot] and [lettuce> celery> carrot> leek]. To reduce population exposure, thorough washing of productions before consumption is recommended
Kwocz, Fabienne. "Les cadres de santé à la croisée du management et du prendre soin : formation et usages de la recherche dans l'accompagnement des équipes soignantes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2032/document.
Full textThe position of nursing team managers in public hospital facilities has changed dramatically over the past ten years. It is now strongly focused on organization and administrative tasks, which draw them away from their role as nursing team managers dedicated to quality care to patients. Some of them resent this change in their job profile and find it very difficult to cope with this evolution. The intent of this thesis is to look into what causes this strain and to examine which elements in the training program could help prevent it. Among those elements, could research training (in a specific type of research to be defined further on) enable nursing team managers to enjoy their professional activity? First the author will define the function of nursing team manager through its history, its evolution and training methods. The author will then consider its specificities in the present day, based on three primary concepts: organization, management and support. Finally he will clarify the ‘care’ issue in the scope of the nursing team manager’s activity. These elements will give an understanding of how the research approach can promote the ‘art’ of ‘caring’ in the nursing team manager’s activity
Ferrera-Tourenc, Virginie. "Démarche qualité en biologie et transfusion sanguine : fondements théoriques, approches expérimentales et pragmatiques pour une construction technique et managériale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20669.pdf.
Full textBahafa, Sanaa. "Impact de l'évolution des réformes hospitalières, des principes tutélaires et des outils de régulation sur le management des établissements de santé." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084063.
Full textIn 2013, to manage an health institution is not "a sinecure ". The freedom of making a decision by the managers is limited by the laws, the decrees and the orders imposed and multiple. The new hospitable reform " law of July 21st, 2009 : Hospital Patient Health Territory ", the principles of supervisory agencies and the regulation tools have impacted the organization of health institutions, as : the introduction of the new mutations in the management field, the techniques and the medical practices as well as the expectations and needs of the users. In front of these new requirements, the director has a real autonomy and flexibility within the framework of managing his institution? In this context, the director of the health institution has an essential role : on one hand, he is the addressee of the reforms, which so modified his intervention perimeter and which involved a reflection on its positioning within the institution. On the other hand, he is " the spokesman" and the catalyst to accompany the implementation of these tutelary and regulatory requirements. The implementation of the new processes of hospitable restructuring requires, certainly, a conduct of change. However, the difficulty to setting it up consists, not in a bad application of texts, but rather in the difficulty to adhere and imply the actors. It is from these reports that our study suggests deepening the impact of reforms, of the principles of supervisory agencies and the regulation tools on the managerial practices of a director of institution and so defining what is the strategy to be adopted. Our analysis consists, on one side, in deepening the sanitary organization of health institutions and on the other side, to realize an inventory of fixtures to approach under a pragmatic angle our theoretical study. At the end of the analysis, some tracks of improvement are proposed
Françoise, Daniel. "Pleine-conscience et management : effet de la mindfulness sur la relation au travail et le style de leadership des managers." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA028/document.
Full textMindfulness is a fundamental concept which has existed since the dawn of time in meditative circles. These days it is a psychological construct that is the focus of much writing, and tested therapeutic technique, notably in stress reduction and in depressive relapse prevention (Bishop et al., 2004 ; Brown, Ryan et Creswell, 2007 ; Grossman et al., 2004). Mindfulness and its effects on management practice are the focus of a limited number of studies (Dane, 2010 ; Good et al., 2016). Our hypothesis is that mindfulness is a psychological construct that is doubly beneficial to managers: on the one hand, by supporting a more balanced approach to work, and on the other hand, by promoting the adoption of more positive and better performing leadership models (transformational, authentic, servant). Our research makes use of a mixed methodology. A systematic literature review enables us to define this emerging field. An informal study of 7 business managers carried out over 2 years and following a longitudinal qualitative protocol identified changes in terms of work relationships and management styles. Finally, a model using positive types of leadership as mediator variables in relationships between mindfulness and performance is recommended. Two quantitative studies were carried out to test the model. The data support the hypothesis that mindfulness is a resource that can be used to bring about positive organizational behaviour
Grevin, Anouk. "Les transformations du management des établissements de santé et leur impact sur la santé au travail : l'enjeu de la reconnaissance des dynamiques de don : étude d'un centre de soins de suite et d'une clinique privée malades de "gestionnite"." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ff3a12f6-40ab-449c-a45d-17643676f117.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the impact on work of the managerial turn in healthcare organizations and to identify the organizational and managerial conditions favourable to occupational health. We adopt a double entry: at a micro level through the analysis of work and at a macro level through the increasing external regulations that constrain work in healthcare organizations. We propose an approach using gift theories. We consider that working contains a part of self-giving which has to be recognized and accepted as a gift by the organization, otherwise it leads to a relationship without reciprocity that results in exhausting self-commitment. The research underlines the [ink between we[t-being at work and discussion forums. These forums allow local regulation of activity and expression of recognition. Middle managers play a central rote in leading these discussion forums. The thesis is based on two ethnographic intervention-researches. The first one takes place in a follow-up care center and the second one in a private hospital, both suffering from a managerial hyperactivity. The studies confirm that the malaise at work can be understood as a malaise of gift dynamics which need to be recognized. They show the essential rote of first fine and top managers, so that management too[s do not replace relationship and dialogue but sustain commitment and cooperation, being true recognition forums for gift
Grevin, Anouk. "Les transformations du management des établissements de santé et leur impact sur la santé au travail : l'enjeu de la reconnaissance des dynamiques de don : étude d'un centre de soins de suite et d'une clinique privée malades de "gestionnite"." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683586.
Full textTemfack, Elvis. "Epidemiology and optimal management of cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis associated with AIDS in Cameroon." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB049/document.
Full textCryptococcal meningitis (CM), caused by an encapsulated yeast is a leading cause of AIDS related opportunistic infection in adults in sub-Saharan Africa and a major driver of mortality, second to tuberculosis. We aimed at optimising the management of AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis in Cameroon through interventional studies. As such, we designed and performed three studies on the role of cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in CM diagnosis, contributed in a major phase III non-inferiority clinical trial for inductive treatment of CM in the African setting and analysed the trial participants’ tolerability of the antifungals used in the trial. We also contributed in a review on the long-term prognosis of CM and finally in an advocacy paper for CM to be recognised as a neglected tropical disease. In Cameroon, serum CrAg detection, a major risk factor for incident CM in AIDS patient is prevalent in 7.5% of patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at less than 100 CD4 cells/μL, of whom 45% have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evidence of asymptomatic CM. The new Biosynex CryptoPS test for CrAg detection is comparable to the IMMY lateral flow assay test and shows promise for correctly classifying patients with high serum CrAg titre, a predictor of confirmed CM. Post CrAg screening, enhanced adherence to ART and to fluconazole-based pre-emptive therapy to CrAg positive patients who present with no CM is effective in preventing incident CM within the first year of ART. In HIV patients presenting with symptoms of central nervous system disease, compared to Indian ink staining and/or culture of CSF, serum CrAg detection is highly presumptive of CM and CSF CrAg detection is diagnostic of first episode of CM. In African patients with confirmed CM, inductive therapy based on oral fluconazole-flucytosine combination or seven-day amphotericin B-flucytosine combination are as effective and more tolerated than standard fourteen-day amphotericin B-flucytosine combination. In spite advances in HIV care, mortality due to CM remains unacceptably high warranting CM to be recognised as a neglected tropical disease for which targeted resources need to be allocated to reduce HIV-related mortality. Overall, in Cameroon, putting in place of local pragmatic algorithms based on the availability of simple but highly performant diagnostic tools and sustainable recommended treatment are indispensable to decrease AIDS-associated CM-related morbidity and mortality
Cambon, Julien. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de mesure de la performance des Systèmes de Management de la Santé et de la Sécurité au Travail." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198867.
Full textMétivier, Virginie. "Méthode d'application d'un système de management de l'environnement, de la sécurité et de la santé : cas du site industriel de production pharmaceutique Abbott." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE1045.
Full textThe purpose of this report is to promote the implementation of a general method in respect of the environmental, safety and management systems for the pharmaceutical industry and more specifically for the industrial site for the Abbott laboratory. After giving an outline of the already existing environment, safety and hygiene management systems, we would develop the method and tools chosen to implement the management system for the Abbott site. Based on numerous examples we would also evaluate the results achieved by the new system. Eventually, we would analyse all sociological constraints and limits that held back the implementation of this environment, safety and hygiene management system that was chosen for the industrial site
Foucault, Yann. "Réhabilitation écologique et gestion durable d’un site industriel urbain : cas d’une pollution historique en éléments inorganiques potentiellement toxiques (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Sb et As." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0090/document.
Full textRehabilitation of brownfields in urban areas is a major challenge for the sustainable development of cities. Management and conversion of these sites, imposed by regulation, however, require the development of tools for environmental risk assessment and health and sustainable remediation techniques. This thesis focused on the establishment of multidisciplinary tools for the sustainable management of polluted site, with the particular case of rehabilitation recycling of lead batteries with a mainly historical lead pollution and other inorganic pollutants (Cd, Sb, As, Cu and Zn), currently defined as Metal Trace Elements (MTE). While trying to answer questions of applied research, this work has sought to investigate the mechanisms involved in the soil-plant pollutants to strengthen the consideration of the overall quality of soil management for industrial sites. In addition to the tools and procedures conventionally used to assess, control and reduce environmental and health risks caused by polluted soils; measures of bioavailability (plants and humans) and ecotoxicity (different bioassays: inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, Microtox® and induction of bioluminescent bacteria and microbiology) have been developed with the aim to refine the classification of contaminated soils in terms of dangerousness. Moreover, green manure plants (borage, phacelia and mustard), commonly used in agriculture or by gardeners because they improve the bio-physico-chemical properties of soils with a root system and a large production of root exudates were tested for re-functionalization of polluted soils. Finally, the mechanisms involved in the fate of pollutants in the rhizosphere and their microorganisms in the plant were studied. The main results provide some answers and ways of improving the management of soils contaminated by metals and metalloids. (1) First, the size separation for soil fractions allows a significant reduction in tonnages of contaminated material and therefore costs for the landfill excavated soil with a gain result in terms of ecological footprint. (2) Then, calculation for the differents polluted soil samples of eco-scores based on the results of ecotoxicity tests can discriminate more accurately compared to physicochemical parameters required by the regulations. Differences in sensitivity were observed depending on the nature of the bioassay, the origin of the sample, physico-chemical properties and total concentrations of pollutants. (3) Unlike phacelia, borage and mustard improve soil respiration, ecotoxicity and reduce theamount of bioaccessible and total lead in soil, respectively by phytostabilisation and storage in roots (Pb, Sb) or phytoextraction and storage in aerial parts. Further, these plants could be field tested for use in phytoremediation of brownfields and gardens moderately polluted. Depending on the nature of the metal, the type of soil and plant, compartmentalization and speciation of the pollutant differ, and in conjunction with agronomic characteristics of soil and rhizosphere microbial activity. Molecular screening and meta-analysis of microbial genomics have enabled highlight differences in bacterial communities studied by species and growing conditions
Pimouguet, Clement. "Prise en charge des démences : pertinence et conditions d’efficacité du Case Management et de la prise en charge usuelle." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21894/document.
Full textDementia represents a major public health issue. The organisational carencies of our health system do not guarantee the quality of the care channels for patients and families. The national Alzheimer plan 2008-2012 has introduced new health facilities whose objectives are to better take into account patients and families needs and to implement tailored care. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate care of demented patients, both optimal care (the case management) and usual care. In the first part we studied case management effectiveness and delineated conditions to optimize the effectiveness of this collaborative model of care. Firstly, we concentrated our attention on effectiveness conditions in diabetes and we studied case management in dementia. Some randomized controlled trials of case management reported promising impacts on clinical criteria (patient’s behavioural troubles, caregiver burden or quality of life) or patient’s institutionalization. Case management effectiveness is reported mainly for patients at moderate stages. The effectiveness of a preventive intervention early in the disease process is unknown, but it deserves further investigation; that is why, the AIDALZ trial has been planned and is currently under way. In a second part, we studied the real care of demented patients in France. We firstly described the care and analysed the determinants of an early recourse to care for incident dementia patients. Then, we evaluated the benefits of recourse to care at the onset of dementia on survival. The different survival analyses performed did not report any benefit of an early recourse to care on incident dementia patients from the PAQUID or the 3 City population-based cohorts. These findings underlie the difficulties to take into account factors interfering with recourse to care and/or survival in observational studies. Further studies should be planned to investigate the benefits of early dementia diagnosis on various prognostic indicators. Intervention trials would be necessary to conclude on the relevance of early diagnosis in dementia
Mercier-Wiart, Françoise. "Le management de l'école à l'épreuve de réalités éducatives et sociales. Entre confiance et défiance. Etude de cas." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838703.
Full textEddahech, Akram. "Modélisation du vieillissement et détermination de l’état de santé de batteries lithium-ion pour application véhicule électrique et hybride." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14992/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the reliability of lithium batteries used for automotive applications. For this purpose, electric and thermal characterization methodologies as well as aging tests under several modes (calendar, power cycling, calendar/power cycling) are carried out.In a first part of the work, battery modeling and battery state estimation (state-of-charge and state-of-health) are considered.Then, based on periodic characterization from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, calendar aging is investigated. Next, we proposed an original process for precise battery state-of-health determination that exploits a full recharge and mainly constant-voltage charge step which allows easily its integration within a battery management system. Our experimental results, up to two years real-life data, confirm effectiveness of our technique.Finally, we study the capacity recovery phenomenon occurring due to combined battery aging (calendar/power cycling). This final part is almost dedicated to introduce strategies for battery use presenting at the same time a thermal behavior study
Khodadad, Saryazdi Ali. "Les barrières et les facteurs de succès à l'implantation d'innovation de processus dans les établissements publics de santé : le cas de la télémédecine en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2015.
Full textSince the French law of the hospital, patients, health and territory (HSPT), the healthcare institutions have shown their interest for a better healthcare provision. The use of philosophies and process improvement techniques inspired by the new public management was seen as a way to increase the quality of care and reduce the length of hospital stays. Telemedicine is a kind of remote medical practice based on information technology and communication which can be considered as an innovation process in order to improve the healthcare delivery system. Despite the interest shown by the French public hospitals in implementing the telemedicine, success factors as well as barriers influencing its implementation need to be developed. By this work, we try to provide some answers to this problem by a qualitative research in the public healthcare sector
Laaribi, Karim Victor. "La santé en France, un système en marche ! : la complexité au service des soins de proximité et des maladies chroniques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB265.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the complexity concept, applied in the healthcare sector. Three major interconnected subjects were selected to study the appropriateness of this approach, its added value, and its application: chronic diseases, integration-coordination of care, and primary care. Four parts design the thesis: The 1st part introduces complexity concept and its appropriateness in the healthcare sector. The literature review and foreign experiences have approved that healthcare system is vital and a complex adaptive system (CAS): the healthcare system is a chain of effects: patient and community - microsystem - macro organization - environment (legal, ethical, financial, social, and regulatory, etc.). This domino effect and the dominoes are essentials. The microsystems has a pivotal role in this chain. They are the smallest replicable unit, at the sharp end with the population. They viewed as the micro-engines that generated quality and value for users, as the vital organs that linked users through the actions taken by front-line service providers at what has been called the "sharp end". The 2nd part brings the (CAS) closer to chronic diseases. Values, actors, patients, duration, care delivery, practices and medicine are undergoing changes and require a change in behavior. Understanding and studying current system agent patterns and their relationships supply a first ethical response: it all begins with this patient dependence feeling and the "patient-physician relationship pattern review. A domino effect has triggered that redesign the entire healthcare system. Empowerment is essential for a long micro-changes'process (i) of patients (to accept, to live and to self-manage his disease) and (ii) care teams (including physicians) to review their relationship with the patient and their mutual relationships. These micro-changes took place in the microsystem. The 3rd part of the thesis brings the (CAS) closer to the coordination issues and integration of care, particularly for chronic diseases. Coordination of complex patient case has often concerned the French legislator which recognizes and funds dedicated health network bodies. According to a recognized model, this part studies the factors of successful integration (coordination) and realizes that the (CAS) is inescapable: the patient pathway occurs and then orchestrated in the microsystem. It explains the health network's mixed results: these bodies cannot be (CAS). The outlined results of two observational studies using qualitative methods, carried out on the main health network components -the inpatient, the outpatient: (i) the meaningful existence of an inpatient (CAS), at varying vitality.The highest vital microsystem creates abvious generative interactions with all actors, inpatient, outpatient. Open to share and cooperate, it actively contributes in complex case management. (ii) mistrust and competition, between several outpatient actors, hinder any primary (CAS), for mutual generative, constructive relationship with inpatient microsystems. The 4th part brings the (CAS) closer to "territorial primary care platforms" (PTA), created by French legislator in 2016. This part outlines the steps to emerge a primary (CAS). It provides final answers to current questions related to the relationship health network- (PTA), to evaluation and improvement ways of such primary (CAS). The funding integration seem essential to succeed this new challenge
Nkondjock, Corinne. "Les usages du numérique dans la prise en charge et la prévention des affections de longue durée en France : les perceptions du changement du point de vue des consommateurs de soins et des professionnels de santé. Une communication à double vitesse ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0036/document.
Full textIn recent years we have observed an increase in chronic illnesses in French soil, resulting in a significant growth in health expenses. In fact, such chronic diseases often lead to degradation in the quality of life of patients and necessitate longer treatment times. Some even face treatment for life. Chronic illnesses are "long-term illnesses that, as a general rule, develop slowly. Causing 63% of deaths, chronic illnesses (congenital heart diseases, strokes, cancer, Chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes...) are the number one cause of mortality in the world. Out of the 36 million people who died from chronic illnesses in 2008, 29% were less than 60 years old and half were women" (World Health Organization).We consider communication to be at the heart of human social life, and we begin with the assumption that it is thanks to communication that changes occur. If communication is effective, then the change that is undertaken has more chances of success. The concept of communication is understood here in the general sense as the sharing of information. Hence, communication constitutes the zone of sharing that exists between two human beings. In other words, it is the combination of messages that are shared between people. We think that these messages can be conscious or unconscious. Since the latter plays a higher role, it is without a doubt what makes human relationships more complex, particularly those relationships in the professional realm. We will thus attempt to illustrate in this dissertation the different aspects of communication through case studies.We also think that there is no societal life without communication. The exchange of information is therefore necessary. For the individual, communication has two main goals: on the one hand to obtain something from the other and on the other hand to be known or even to be recognized as a being.Therefore, the interest of this paper is to shed a neutral perspective on the behavior of participants in health services, including professionals and patients, in the face of a health sector that appeals to information technologies within economic constraints. The research work will be based at once on scientific data from the fields of communication and management, as well as on clinical audits, auto-evaluations, observations and interviews in the medical-social sector and the public health sector. Our thesis has evolved thanks to the contribution of several facilities on which different case studies are based. The first one is situated within the institution témoin 1, a medical-social institution that provides services for the prevention and treatment of addiction. This case study is carried out through a comparative survey conducted in a hospital in Seine-et-Marne, described under the name of institution témoin 3. We set up interviews with the healthcare professionals and managers of two institutions, as well as a survey on the changes. The second case study takes place in the context of clinical audits at two retirement homes in Franche-Comté, referred to here as EHPAD 1 and EHPAD 2. Our role was to audit the practices of healthcare professionals, on the basis of observations and interviews. We developed recommendations as a group and organized training sessions with local managers and volunteer healthcare professionals. As for the third case study, it takes place within a « groupement de coopération sanitaire » specialized in the field of diabetes and chronic illnesses, the GCS Diapason. The latter brings together several organizations and we examined in particular a hospital facility named here as témoin 2
Gozlan, Guy. "Améliorer la coordination dans le champ sanitaire et médico-social pour limiter le risque de handicap psychique. Etude du cas Prépsy." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS012S/document.
Full textImproving Global Health of young people with chronic disease requires the implementation of innovative medical and managerial strategies based on the coordination of care, integration of services and case management. This work studies the contributions of a new form of hybrid organization developed by Prepsy, serving users in complex situations, with schizophrenia suffering in the form of an intensive collaborative personalized support in the natural environment, to limit the bio-psycho-social impact and the risk of mental disability by maintaining the life course. It highlights the organizational and strategic conditions for success of this type of organization in order to refine the model to better suit the needs of the people concerned and their families
Moi-Meme, Pauliny Junior. "Os planos nacionais de saúde do Brasil e do Haiti : análise com base nas funções essenciais de saúde pública." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165489.
Full textFrente aos diferentes desafios da saúde pública na contemporaneidade, do desafinamento das autoridades dada a falta de coesão na execução dos diferentes programas em saúde pública e as necessidades reais da população, reconhecemos a importância de questionar o lugar dado às Funções Essenciais da Saúde Pública (FESP) na elaboração dos planos nacionais de saúde. Neste trabalho, mediante uma análise de documentos, utilizando uma metodologia descritiva, foram examinados os Planos Nacionais de Saúde do Haiti e do Brasil, respectivamente denominados Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2012-2015 e Plan Directeur de Santé (PDS) 2012-2022, usando como referencial as Funções Essenciais de Saúde. O objetivo é de determinar se no processo de elaboração dos dois planos foram consideradas as FESP. Foram levantadas as particularidades estruturais dos planos, a existência de metas e de indicadores e ressaltadas as semelhanças e diferenças de cada um. Os dois planos têm estruturas diferentes: o do Haiti abrange mais anos e maior quantidade de páginas. As doze FESP consideradas para análise foram identificadas nos dois planos. Houve diferença substancial na forma de sua abordagem. Haiti aposta muito na implementação de um Sistema de Informação Sanitária para reforçar as duas funções que abordam o tema de análise da situação de saúde e a vigilância em saúde. O Brasil demonstra um interesse especial em melhorar a Atenção Básica a Saúde, através de equipe multidisciplinar, aprimorando o processo de trabalho e diminuindo as inequidades que existem na atenção ao cidadão, ações que abarcam várias FESP. No PDS em alguns momentos não foi possível identificar os indicadores e algumas metas um pouco fora de alcance. O Plano Nacional de Saúde por ser um documento de abrangência nacional pautou algumas ações que não cabem dentro da esfera de responsabilidade do Governo Federal.
Due to the different challenges of public health in the contemporary world, to the inadequacies of the authorities due to the lack of cohesion in the implementation of the various public health programs and the genuine needs of the population, we recognize the legitimacy of questioning the place accorded to the Essential Public Health Functions in the process of drawing up National Health Plans. Through a literature review, we intend to scrutinize the National Health Plans of the Republic of Haiti and Brazil, respectively Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2012-2015 and Plan of Health (PDS) 2012-2022, using as framework of analysis the 12 Essential Public Health Functions as defined by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Our objective is to determine whether the functions have been taken into account in the planning process, but also to identify structural features of the plans, existence of defined indicators and objectives and above all highlight similarities and differences in the approaches of the EPHF’s encountered. Structurally, both plans point to some divergences. The twelve functions considered for analysis were identified in the two plans, one approach deeper than the other. Haiti, apart from the fact that it aspires to strengthen the governance of the national authority, relies above all on the establishment of a national health information system in line with the EPHF’s addressing the issue of health situation analysis and health surveillance. Brazil, for its part, demonstrates a particular interest in reducing inequalities through the various actions provided for in the PNS, especially those related to primary health care, and by focusing on the quality of care that partly espouses certain ideas conveyed by EPHF’s. Sometimes in the PDS there is a lack of indicators or some objectives bordering on fantasy. The PNS to be a document of national scope under the obedience of the federal government projects certain actions outside its field of activity legally defined.
Rimbert-Pirot, Anne-Gaëlle. "Analyse du processus de territorialisation de l'action publique : construction d'un territoire et appropriation d'un outil pour agir collectivement : cas des programmes territoriaux de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1099/document.
Full textThis research focuses on public policy territorialisation. While administrative territories, such as health territories, are imposed via a top-down process, a bottom-up approach is also recognised as being necessary. Here, local stakeholder and user needs are identified and understood meaning that territory specificities are recognised, local public actions are adapted, social inequalities are tackled and access to care is facilitated. This work focuses on the construction process of one such territory by public and local actors. In order to increase knowledge the objective is to study this process in relation to the procedure of territory building by local stakeholders and the ownership of a public policy tool which will lead to collective action. The first section is theoretical and presents the links between the three research areas: territrialisation, territory construction and appropriation of a tool. The second part presents the epistemological and methodological choices and the case study. Focus is placed on the deployment of a public policy tool, in this case a territorial health programme, in two health territories. The third part presents an analysis of the results which include interviews and observation. Finally, the fourth section places the results in perspective. The dimensions of constructed territory are reconsidered so as to offer a model articulating the dichotomy between prescribed territory and emergent territory while taking into consideration the specificities of a public tool for regionalisation