Relevant bibliographies by topics / Promoter Recognition

Academic literature on the topic 'Promoter Recognition'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Fickett, James W., and Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou. "Eukaryotic Promoter Recognition." Genome Research 7, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 861–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.7.9.861.

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Mao, Steve. "Mechanism of promoter recognition." Science 362, no. 6421 (December 20, 2018): 1372.11–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.362.6421.1372-k.

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Shen, Li, Xiaogeng Feng, Yuan Yuan, Xudong Luo, Thomas P. Hatch, Kelly T. Hughes, Jun S. Liu, and You-xun Zhang. "Selective Promoter Recognition by Chlamydial σ28 Holoenzyme." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 21 (August 25, 2006): 7364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01014-06.

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ABSTRACT The σ transcription factor confers the promoter recognition specificity of RNA polymerase (RNAP) in eubacteria. Chlamydia trachomatis has three known sigma factors, σ66, σ54, and σ28. We developed two methods to facilitate the characterization of promoter sequences recognized by C. trachomatis σ28 (σ28 Ct). One involved the arabinose-induced expression of plasmid-encoded σ28 Ct in a strain of Escherichia coli defective in the σ28 structural gene, fliA. The second was an analysis of transcription in vitro with a hybrid holoenzyme reconstituted with E. coli RNAP core and recombinant σ28 Ct. These approaches were used to investigate the interactions of σ28 Ct with the σ28 Ct-dependent hctB promoter and selected E. coli σ28 (σ28 Ec)-dependent promoters, in parallel, compared with the promoter recognition properties of σ28 EC. Our results indicate that RNAP containing σ28 Ct has at least three characteristics: (i) it is capable of recognizing some but not all σ28 EC-dependent promoters; (ii) it can distinguish different promoter structures, preferentially activating promoters with upstream AT-rich sequences; and (iii) it possesses a greater flexibility than σ28 EC in recognizing variants with different spacing lengths separating the −35 and −10 elements of the core promoter.
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Bajic, V. B., S. H. Seah, A. Chong, G. Zhang, J. L. Y. Koh, and V. Brusic. "Dragon Promoter Finder: recognition of vertebrate RNA polymerase II promoters." Bioinformatics 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/18.1.198.

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BUSBY, S. "Promoter structure, promoter recognition, and transcription activation in prokaryotes." Cell 79, no. 5 (December 1994): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90063-9.

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Brunner, M., and H. Bujard. "Promoter recognition and promoter strength in the Escherichia coli system." EMBO Journal 6, no. 10 (October 1987): 3139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02624.x.

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Deng, Wensheng, Barbora Malecová, Thomas Oelgeschläger, and Stefan G. E. Roberts. "TFIIB Recognition Elements Control the TFIIA-NC2 Axis in Transcriptional Regulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 6 (December 29, 2008): 1389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.01346-08.

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ABSTRACT TFIIB recognizes DNA sequence-specific motifs that can flank the TATA elements of the promoters of protein-encoding genes. The TFIIB recognition elements (BREu and BREd) can have positive or negative effects on transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. Here we show that the BREs direct the selective recruitment of TFIIA and NC2 to the promoter. We find that TFIIA preferentially associates with BRE-containing promoters while NC2 is recruited to promoters that lack consensus BREs. The functional relevance of the BRE-dependent recruitment of TFIIA and NC2 was determined by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TFIIA and NC2, both of which elicited BRE-dependent effects on transcription. Our results confirm the established functional reciprocity of TFIIA and NC2. However, our findings show that TFIIA assembly at BRE-containing promoters results in reduced transcriptional activity, while NC2 acts as a positive factor at promoters that lack functional BREs. Taken together, our results provide a basis for the selective recruitment of TFIIA and NC2 to the promoter and give new insights into the functional relationship between core promoter elements and general transcription factor activity.
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Hutchinson, Gordon. "International workshop tackles promoter recognition problem." Trends in Genetics 12, no. 4 (April 1996): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(96)30021-8.

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Lukashin, A. V., V. V. Anshelevich, B. R. Amirikyan, A. I. Gragerov, and M. D. Frank-Kamenetskii. "Neural Network Models for Promoter Recognition." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 6, no. 6 (June 1989): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.1989.10506540.

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Wang, Lei, Yuli Guo, and Jay D. Gralla. "Regulation of Sigma 54-Dependent Transcription by Core Promoter Sequences: Role of −12 Region Nucleotides." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 24 (December 15, 1999): 7558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.24.7558-7565.1999.

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ABSTRACT The tetranucleotide core recognition sequence (TTGC) of the sigma 54 promoter −12 recognition element was altered by random substitution. The resulting promoter mutants were characterized in vivo and in vitro. Deregulated promoters were identified, implying that this core element can mediate the response to enhancer-binding proteins. These promoters had in common a substitution at position −12 (consensus C), indicating its importance for keeping basal transcription in check. In another screen, nonfunctional promoters were identified. Their analysis indicated that positions −13 (consensus G) and −15 (consensus T) are important to maintain minimal promoter function. In vitro studies showed that the −13 and −15 positions contribute to closed-complex formation, whereas the −12 position has a stronger effect on recognition of the fork junction intermediate created during open-complex formation. Overall the data indicate that the −12 region core contains specific subsequences that direct the diverse RNA polymerase interactions required both to produce RNA and to restrict this RNA synthesis in the absence of activation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Li, Xiaomeng. "Human Promoter Recognition Based on Principal Component Analysis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3656.

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This thesis presents an innovative human promoter recognition model HPR-PCA. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on context feature selection DNA sequences and the prediction network is built with the artificial neural network (ANN). A thorough literature review of all the relevant topics in the promoter prediction field is also provided. As the main technique of HPR-PCA, the application of PCA on feature selection is firstly developed. In order to find informative and discriminative features for effective classification, PCA is applied on the different n-mer promoter and exon combined frequency matrices, and principal components (PCs) of each matrix are generated to construct the new feature space. ANN built classifiers are used to test the discriminability of each feature space. Finally, the 3 and 5-mer feature matrix is selected as the context feature in this model. Two proposed schemes of HPR-PCA model are discussed and the implementations of sub-modules in each scheme are introduced. The context features selected by PCA are III used to build three promoter and non-promoter classifiers. CpG-island modules are embedded into models in different ways. In the comparison, Scheme I obtains better prediction results on two test sets so it is adopted as the model for HPR-PCA for further evaluation. Three existing promoter prediction systems are used to compare to HPR-PCA on three test sets including the chromosome 22 sequence. The performance of HPR-PCA is outstanding compared to the other four systems.
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Li, Xiaomeng. "Human Promoter Recognition Based on Principal Component Analysis." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3656.

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Master of Engineering
This thesis presents an innovative human promoter recognition model HPR-PCA. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on context feature selection DNA sequences and the prediction network is built with the artificial neural network (ANN). A thorough literature review of all the relevant topics in the promoter prediction field is also provided. As the main technique of HPR-PCA, the application of PCA on feature selection is firstly developed. In order to find informative and discriminative features for effective classification, PCA is applied on the different n-mer promoter and exon combined frequency matrices, and principal components (PCs) of each matrix are generated to construct the new feature space. ANN built classifiers are used to test the discriminability of each feature space. Finally, the 3 and 5-mer feature matrix is selected as the context feature in this model. Two proposed schemes of HPR-PCA model are discussed and the implementations of sub-modules in each scheme are introduced. The context features selected by PCA are III used to build three promoter and non-promoter classifiers. CpG-island modules are embedded into models in different ways. In the comparison, Scheme I obtains better prediction results on two test sets so it is adopted as the model for HPR-PCA for further evaluation. Three existing promoter prediction systems are used to compare to HPR-PCA on three test sets including the chromosome 22 sequence. The performance of HPR-PCA is outstanding compared to the other four systems.
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Pieretti, Simone. "ToxT promoter recognition by ToxR transcription factor, a co-activator within the Vibrio cholerae virulence cascade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396666.

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Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. An estimated 2.9 million of cases and about 100000 cholera deaths occur annually all over the world. Upon ingestion of the V. cholerae, the bacterium travels to small intestine where it colonizes and produces the cholera toxin. Cholera toxin raises intracellular cyclic AMP and leads to chloride secretion and the subsequent secretory diarrhoea. Cholera toxin production is regulated through the master virulence regulator ToxT. Trascriptional activation of toxT is activated by membrane-localized ToxR, in association with another membrane protein named TcpP. Both ToxR and TcpP work as a two-component regulatory system merged in single proteins: they receive an external signal through its periplasmic C-terminal domain and bind to the toxT promoter by their cytoplasmic N-terminal domains. This project thesis aims at characterizing part of the system by studying ToxR-DNA complexes, since two ToxR molecules are supposed to bind the promoter to recruit TcpP and hence the RNA polymerase for transcription activation. Using X-ray crystallography, we have solved the structure of three complexes of the ToxR DNA binding domain with 20-bp, 40-bp and 25-bp oligonucleotides at 2.0 A, 2.6 A and 3.2 A resolution, respectively. According to the three structures, ToxR is able to bind to an extensive region of the toxT promoter that goes from the position -97 to the position -45. Considering an integrated model of the three structures, there are four ToxR molecules binding the toxT promoter: two molecules bind the DNA in tandem, one molecule binds the ToxR degenerate box and the last one is binding what is supposed to be the TcpP binding site. The structure determination of the three complexes is important to define with more accuracy the ToxR binding site in the toxT promoter. This site is characterized by eleven bases with a high A-T rich region sequence followed by a CATA/CATG/TGTA box, where the last two bases perform direct and specific contacts with the protein. In the three structures, ToxR shows a winged helix-turn-helix (w-HTH) fold. The wing interacts with the minor groove in an A-T rich region sequence while the recognition helix enters in the major groove at the region with a sequence corresponding to a CATA box. We have compared ToxR with the other w-HTH family proteins and we have found a new structural element, the secondary wing, which displays interactions with the DNA. We have analyzed the protein-DNA contacts in the three structures, and also the protein-protein interactions in the ToxR-DNA40 structure, thus validating the data published on ToxR defective mutations. Finally, we put forward a model of toxT promoter activation at molecular level, based on our crystal structures and on what is known in literature and from our collaborators. We propose that ToxR acts as co-activator in the first steps of toxT transcription activation at different levels. First, it would capture the DNA and hold it close to the cytoplasmic membrane, since both ToxR and TcpP are membrane proteins. Second, it would play a key-role in relieving H-NS from the toxT promoter: H-NS binds the DNA and transcription is repressed, but ToxR is able to replace it in a region that goes from the position -97 to the position -45. Third, ToxR would not be recruiting the RNA polymerase directly, but creating the suitable conditions for the action of TcpP. ToxR recruits TcpP probably through a hand-holding mechanism since one of the ToxR binding site is very close to the TcpP's binding site.
El cólera es una infección diarreica aguda causada por la bacteria Vibrio cholerae. La producción de la toxina colérica se controla a través del regulador maestro de virulencia ToxT, cuya activación se lleva a cabo por las proteínas de membrana ToxR y TcpP. Este proyecto de tesis tiene como objetivo el estudio de los complejos formados por ToxR junto con el ADN, dado que se conoce que ToxR se une al promotor toxT para reclutar TcpP y consecuentemente la ARN polimerasa, produciendo la activación de la transcripción. Mediante cristalografía de rayos X hemos resuelto la estructura de tres complejos del dominio de unión a ADN de ToxR con oligonucleótidos de 20, 40 y 25 pares de bases a resoluciones de 2.0 A, 2.6 A y 3.2 A, respectivamente. De acuerdo con las tres estructuras, ToxR es capaz de unirse a una amplia región del promotor toxT que se expande desde la posición -97 hasta la posición -45. Teniendo en cuenta el modelo integrado de las tres estructuras, cuatro moléculas de ToxR se unen al promotor toxT en tándem e invertidas. En las tres estructuras, ToxR muestra un tipo de plegamiento winged helix-turn-helix (w-HTH). El ala (wing) interactúa con el surco menor del ADN, mientras que la hélice de reconocimiento penetra en el surco mayor. Comparando ToxR con el resto de proteínas de la familia w-HTH, hemos encontrado un nuevo elemento estructural, el ala secundaria (secondary wing), que interacciona con el ADN. La determinación de la estructura de los tres complejos es importante para definir con mayor precisión el sitio de unión de ToxR en el promotor toxT. Este sitio se caracteriza por once bases con una secuencia rica en A-T seguida de una caja CATA/CATG/TGTA, donde las dos últimas bases contactan directamente y específicamente con la proteína. Proponemos que ToxR actuaría como co-activador de la transcripción de toxT a diferentes niveles: (i) podría ser responsable de capturar el ADN y mantenerlo cerca de la membrana citoplasmática, (ii) podría jugar un papel clave en el desplazamiento de H-NS, (iii) podría reclutar TcpP y estabilizar su interacción con el promotor.
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Sanderson, Andrew. "Recognition of 'extended-10' elements of bacterial promoters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275668.

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Zhang, Da Jiang. "Involvement of the Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein-Associated Splicing Factor (PSF) in the Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) RNA-Templated Transcription." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31095.

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known mammalian RNA virus, containing a genome of ~ 1700 nt. Replication of HDV is extremely dependent on the host transcription machinery. Previous studies indicated that RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) directly binds to and forms an active preinitiation complex on the right terminal stem-loop fragment (R199G) of HDV genomic RNA, and that the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) directly binds to the same region. Further studies demonstrated that PSF also binds to the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAP II. In my thesis, co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to show that PSF stimulates the interaction of RNAPII with R199G. Results of co-immunoprecipitation experiments also suggest that both the RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) and N-terminal proline-rich region (PRR) of PSF are required for the interaction between PSF and RNAPII, while the two RNA recognition motifs (RRM1 and RRM2) might be required for the interaction of PSF with R199G. Furthermore, in vitro run-off transcription assays suggest that PSF facilitates the HDV RNA transcription from the R199G template. Together, the above experiments suggest that PSF might act as a transcription factor for the RNAPII transcription of HDV RNA by linking the CTD of RNAPII and the HDV RNA promoter. My experiments provide a better understanding of the mechanism of HDV RNA-dependent transcription by RNAP II.
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Miroslavova, Nora Svetoslavova. "Studies on the recognition of Escherichia coli promoters and their elements." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422293.

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Ugolini, Matteo. "Recognition of microbial viability via TLR8 promotes innate and adaptive immunity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20035.

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Die Detektion sogenannter Vitalitäts-assoziierte molekularer Muster (vita-PAMPs), signalisiert dem Immunsystem die Präsenz lebender Mikroorganismen und ruft verstärkte Immunantworten hervor. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte die Erkennung bakterieller Vitalität durch humane Antigen-präsentierenden Zellen (APC), sowie die Effekte auf die adaptive Immunität. Transkriptomanalysen von humanen Monozyten zeigten eine selektive transkriptionelle Antwort auf lebendige im Vergleich zu hitzegetöteten Bakterien. Die inflammatorischen Zytokine IL-12 und TNF wurden nahezu ausschließlich in Reaktion auf lebende Bakterien exprimiert. Die Detektion bakterieller Vitalität ist in Menschen, Schweinen, Mäusen und Fischen konserviert. In Mäusen wurde bakterielle RNA als bakterielles vita-PAMP identifiziert. In menschlichen Monozyten führte die Supplementierung toter Bakterien mit bakterieller RNA oder mit synthetischen Liganden des Toll-like-Rezeptors (TLR) 7 und TLR8, jedoch nicht mit anderen TLR-Liganden, zur Rekonstitution der TNF- und IL-12-Antwort. Umgekehrt hemmte silencing von TLR8- vita-PAMP-induzierte Zytokinproduktion. T-follikuläre Helferzellen (TFH) spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Initiierung humoraler Immunantworten. Hier wurde die Erkennung lebender Bakterien, bakterieller RNA oder synthetischer TLR8-Liganden durch APC als Stimulus für robuste TFH-Zelldifferenzierung identifiziert. Die TFH-Differenzierung ist abhängig von der Erkennung bakterieller RNA über TLR8 und der Produktion von IL-12. Immunisierung von Schweinen mit einem bakteriellen Lebendimpfstoff löste deutlich robustere TFH-Zell- und Antikörperreaktionen als eine Immunisierung mit der hitzegetöteten Version des gleichen Impfstoffs aus. Zusammenfassend haben wir TLR8 als den ersten bekannten vita-PAMP-Rezeptor identifiziert und seine zentrale Rolle für TLR8-vermittelte “Vitalitätserkennung” für die Induktion von TFH-Zellen und Impfreaktionen demonstriert.
The detection of the so-called vitality-associated molecular patterns (vita-PAMPs) signals to the immune system the presence of living microorganisms and triggers an increased immune response. The present study investigated the detection of bacterial vitality by human antigen-presenting cells (APC), as well as the effects of this recognition events on adaptive immunity. Transcriptome analysis of human monocytes showed a selective transcriptional response to live versus heat-killed bacteria. Among others, the inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and TNF were expressed almost exclusively in response to live bacteria. Moreover, the detection of bacterial vitality is conserved in humans, pigs, mice and fish. In mice, bacterial RNA was identified as a bacterial vita-PAMP. In human monocytes, supplementation of dead bacteria with bacterial RNA or with synthetic ligands of toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8, but not with other TLR ligands, resulted in the reconstitution of the TNF and IL-12 responses. Conversely, silencing of TLR8 inhibited vita-PAMP-dependent cytokine production. T-follicular helper cells (TFH) play a central role in the initiation of humoral immune responses. Here, the recognition of living bacteria, bacterial RNA or synthetic TLR8 ligands by APCs was identified as a stimulus for robust TFH cell differentiation. TFH differentiation is dependent on the recognition of bacterial RNA via TLR8 and the production of IL-12. Immunization of pigs with a live bacterial vaccine elicited significantly more robust TFH cell and antibody responses than immunization with the heat-killed version of the same vaccine. In summary, we identified TLR8 as the first known vita-PAMP receptor in human and demonstrated its pivotal role in TLR8-mediated “viability recognition” for the induction of TFH cells and vaccine reactions.
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Hedemalm, Emil. "Online Transportation Mode Recognition and an Application to Promote Greener Transportation." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65348.

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It is now widely accepted that human behaviour accounts for a large portion of total global emissions, and thus influences climate change to a large extent. Changing human behaviour when it comes to mode of transportation is one component which could make a difference in the long term. In order to achieve behavioural change, we investigate the use of a persuasive multiplayer game. Transportation mode recognition is used within the game to provide bonuses and penalties to users based on their daily choices regarding transportation. To easily identify modes of transportation, an approach to transport recognition based on accelerometer and gyroscope data is analysed and extended. Preliminary results from the machine learning tests show that the classification true-positive rate for recognizing 10 different classes can reach up to 95% when using a history set (66% without). Preliminary results from testers of the game indicate that using games may be successful in causing positive change in user behaviour.

Del av Erasmus Mundus PERCCOM. Redovisning skedde på anordnad summer school av partner-universitet där hela konsortiet närvarade.

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Keselowsky, Benjamin George. "Engineering surgaces to direct integrin binding and signaling to promote osteoblast differentiation." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03152004-111413/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.
David Collard, Committee Member ; Robert Guldberg, Committee Member ; Cheng Zhu, Committee Member ; Elliot Chaikoff, Committee Member ; Harish Radhakrishna, Committee Member ; Andres J. Garcia, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Brown, Maria D. "Does Retrieval Practice Among Medical Trainees Promote Recognition, Diagnosis and Treatment of Eating Disorders?" The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606914020488199.

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Books on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Sanderson, Andrew. Recognition of 'extended-10' elements of bacterial promoters. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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Burr, Tom. Recognition of 'extended-10' promoters by RNA polymerase. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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Glucksmann, Maria Alexandra. Determinants of N4 virion RNA polymerase-promoter recognition. 1989.

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Diversity, Violence, and Recognition: How Recognizing Ethnic Identity Promotes Peace. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2020.

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Samii, Cyrus, and Elisabeth King. Diversity, Violence, and Recognition: How Recognizing Ethnic Identity Promotes Peace. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2020.

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Reader, Jocelyn, Sarah Lynam, Amy Harper, Gautam Rao, Maya Matheny, and Dana M. Roque. Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment and Innate Immune Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248208.003.0004.

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Ovarian adenocarcinoma is typified by detection at late stages with dissemination of cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity and frequent acquisition of chemoresistance. A number of studies show the importance of the tumor microenvironment and innate immune recognition in tumor progression. Ovarian cancer cells can regulate the composition of their stroma to promote the formation of ascitic fluid rich in cytokines and bioactive lipids such as PGE2, and to stimulate the differentiation of stromal cells into a pro-tumoral phenotype. In response, cancer-associated fibroblasts, cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and other peritoneal cells can act through direct and indirect mechanisms to regulate tumor growth, chemoresistance via alteration of class III β‎ tubulin, angiogenesis and dissemination. This chapter deciphers the current knowledge about the role of stromal cells, associated secreted factors, and the immune system on tumor progression. This suggests that targeting the microenvironment holds great potential to improve the prognosis of patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Kistler, S. Ashley. Recognition and Immortality in the Market and Beyond. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038358.003.0004.

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This chapter examines how Chamelqueños define prestige and status and how market women accrue prestige through their roles as marketers. It argues that Chamelqueños earn prestige in their daily pursuits and social interactions. Participating in resurgence movements, helping to preserve and promote Q'eqchi' culture, working to support others, showing strong personal character, joining municipal and family celebrations, and in some cases, accruing financial wealth and resources, are among the many ways by which Chamelqueños garner prestige and define their status. For some Chamelqueños, marketing also serves as a way to generate status. The recognition earned through these means generates immortality, ensuring that their legacies will persist and be remembered by future generations of community members long after they are gone.
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Frost & Sullivan., ed. U.S. electronic access control system markets: High security requirements promote biometric identification. Mountain View, CA: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.

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Jungbluth, Konstanze, Mônica Savedra, and Rita Vallentin, eds. Language – Belonging – Politics. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748911548.

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The premise of the contributions to this book is to conceive languages, groups and belonging in terms of social, symbolic and spatial boundaries. In language contact situations especially, linguistic and social inequalities deeply interconnect with shifting boundary formations that can promote or impede the political, social and linguistic recognition of minorities. This book offers a culturally and linguistically informed approach to border and boundary studies using conversation analysis, ethnography and studies of linguistic landscapes in language contact situations in the Romance world. The book promotes plurilingualism as an epistemological given and thus advocates a future of complex social and linguistic diversity. With contributions by Karolin Breda, M.A.; Prof. Dr. Gredson dos Santos; Dr. Mario Gaio; Prof. Dr. Konstanze Jungbluth; Dr. Giulia Pelillo-Hestermeyer; Dr. Jan Pöhlmann; Prof. Dr. Kanavillil Rajagopalan; Prof. Dr. Mônica Maria Guimarães Savedra; Dr. Reseda Streb and Dr. Rita Vallentin.
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Jan, McArthur, and Napier University, eds. PROMOTE: Professional Recognition of Methods of Promoting Teaching and Learning Enhancement : alternative ways of fostering educational development in higher education. Edinburgh: Napier University, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Rani, T. Sobha, S. Durga Bhavani, and S. Bapi Raju. "Promoter Recognition Using Neural Network Approaches." In Computational Intelligence and Pattern Analysis in Biological Informatics, 71–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470872352.ch4.

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Bajić, Vladimir B., and Ivan V. Bajić. "Neural Network System for Promoter Recognition." In Future Directions for Intelligent Systems and Information Sciences, 288–305. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1856-7_14.

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Yang, Xinyi, and Annalisa Marsico. "In Silico Promoter Recognition from deepCAGE Data." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 171–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-4035-6_13.

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Langroudi, Seyyed Mohammad Shaheri, Hamid Reza Hamidi, and Shokooh Kermanshahani. "A Parallel Algorithm for Eukaryotic Promoter Recognition." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 468–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_36.

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Conilione, Paul C., and Dianhui Wang. "E-Coli Promoter Recognition Using Neural Networks with Feature Selection." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 61–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11538356_7.

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Tinnungwattana, Orawan, and Chidchanok Lursinsap. "Statistical Feature Selection from Chaos Game Representation for Promoter Recognition." In Computational Science – ICCS 2006, 838–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11758525_112.

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Gordon, Leo, Alexey Ya Chervonenkis, Alex J. Gammerman, Ilham A. Shahmuradov, and Victor V. Solovyev. "Genome-Wide Prokaryotic Promoter Recognition Based on Sequence Alignment Kernel." In Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis V, 386–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45231-7_36.

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Xu, Wenxuan, Wenzheng Bao, Lin Yuan, and ZhiChao Jiang. "DSD-SVMs: Human Promoter Recognition Based on Multiple Deep Divergence Features." In Intelligent Computing Theories and Application, 515–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63309-1_46.

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Busby, Stephen, Annie Kolb, and Henri Buc. "Where it all Begins: An Overview of Promoter Recognition and Open Complex Formation." In RNA Polymerases as Molecular Motors, 13–37. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847559982-00013.

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Wijffelman, Carel, Bas Zaat, Herman Spaink, Ine Mulders, Ton van Brussel, Rob Okker, Elly Pees, Ruud de Maagd, and Ben Lugtenberg. "Induction of Rhizobium Nod Genes by Flavonoids: Differential Adaptation of Promoter, nodD Gene and Inducers for Various Cross-Inoculation Groups." In Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions, 123–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71652-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Zeng, Jia, Xiao-Qin Cao, and Hong Yan. "Human Promoter Recognition using Kullback-Leibler Divergence." In 2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2007.4370721.

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Tao, Lan, Ning Fan, and Zexuan Zhu. "A hybrid evolutionary algorithm for promoter recognition." In 2012 5th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2012.6512883.

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Byeon, B., and K. Rasheed. "Bayesian Networks and Genetic Algorithms for Promoter Recognition." In IASTED Technology Conferences 2010. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.728-030.

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Guzman-Ruiz, Omar, Manuel Mejia-Lavalle, Alicia Martinez, and Yasmin Hernandez. "Machine learning Algorithms applied to Genetic Promoter Sequences Recognition." In 2020 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Automotive Engineering (ICMEAE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmeae51770.2020.00016.

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Qian, Ying, Yu Zhang, Bingyu Guo, Shasha Ye, Yuzhu Wu, and Jiongmin Zhang. "An Improved Promoter Recognition Model Using Convolutional Neural Network." In 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2018.00072.

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Tao, Lan, Huakui Chen, Yanmeng Xu, and Zexuan Zhu. "A New Promoter Recognition Method Based on Features Optimal Selection." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5779973.

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Shuo, Guo, Yuan De-cheng, Guo Wa, Zhang Bochen, and Li Jin-na. "Recognition of human promoter based on GMM and rough set." In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027653.

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Rani, T. Sobha, S. Durga Bhavani, and Raju S. Bapi. "Promoter Recognition using dinucleotide Features : A Case Study for E.Coli." In 9th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2006.75.

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Kamath, Uday, Kenneth A. De Jong, and Amarda Shehu. "An evolutionary-based approach for feature generation: Eukaryotic promoter recognition." In 2011 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949629.

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BASHFORD, J. D. "INVESTIGATING ROLES OF DNA FLEXIBILITY IN PROMOTER RECOGNITION AND REGULATION." In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual RECOMB Workshop. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848162525_0021.

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Reports on the topic "Promoter Recognition"

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Iffat, Idris. Best Practices in CRSV Monitoring and Early Warning. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.126.

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Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a major problem, which has significant negative impacts on victims/survivors, wider society and peace prospects. There is growing international recognition of the need to combat it. CRSV monitoring and early warning are vital in this regard, enabling effective responses and preventive measures. Various factors, notably social stigma, mean that CRSV is vastly under-reported. Best practices to promote CRSV monitoring and early warning include: having appropriate staff (including specialist personnel); engaging with local communities to promote reporting of cases and of warning signals; following principles such as ensuring confidentiality, informed consent and respect for victims/survivors; using standardised data collection templates to facilitate information sharing and analysis; assessing CRSV risks in context against a prepared matrix of early warning indicators; carrying out awareness-raising and advocacy on CRSV; and, where risks are identified, raising the alarm in affected communities. This review looks at best practices in monitoring conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV), and in CRSV early warning. It draws largely on grey literature, in particular reports of development organisations such as the United Nations. Much of the literature focuses on peacekeeping missions: far less was found with regard to the role of other actors (e.g. NGOs) in CRSV monitoring and early warning. [Note: there is substantial academic literature on the problem of CRSV rather than on best practices to combat it.] In addition, the review found no in-depth evidence (e.g. evaluations) on the experience of applying CRSV monitoring and early warning practices in specific contexts. Given the subject, the available literature does refer to women and girls, but was largely disability-blind. URI
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Daniela Diz. Second Workshop report: Mobilising the science community in progessing towards a sustainable and inclusive ocean economy. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23693.

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Across the Blue Economy, science must play a fundamental role in moving us away from business as usual to a more sustainable pathway. It provides evidence to inform policy by understanding baselines, trends and tipping points, as well as the multiple and interacting effects of human activities and policy interventions. Measuring progress depends on strong evidence and requires the design of a monitoring framework based on well-defined objectives and indicators, informed by the diverse disciplines required to inform progress on cross-cutting policy objectives such as the Just Transition. The differences between the scientific and policy processes are stark and affect interaction between them, including, among other factors, the time pressures of governmental decision-making, and the lack of support and reward in academia for policy engagement. To enable improved integration, the diverse nature of the science / policy interface is important to recognise – improved communication between scientists and policy professionals within government is important, as well as interaction with the wider academic community through secondments and other mechanisms. Skills in working across boundaries are valuable, requiring training and professional recognition. We also discussed the science needs across the themes of the Just Transition, Sustainable Seafood, Nature-based Solutions and the Circular Economy, where we considered: • What research and knowledge can help us manage synergies and trade-offs? • Where is innovation needed to promote synergies? • What type of indicators, data and evidence are needed to measure progress? The insights developed through dialogue among participants on these themes are outlined in Section 4 of this report.
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Yaari, Menahem, Elhanan Helpman, Ariel Weiss, Nathan Sussman, Ori Heffetz, Hadas Mandel, Avner Offer, et al. Sustainable Well-Being in Israel. The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52873/policy.2021.wellbeing-en.

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Well-being is a common human aspiration. Governments and states, too, seek to promote and ensure the well-being of their citizens; some even argue that this should be their overarching goal. But it is not enough for a country to flourish, and for its citizens to enjoy well-being, if the situation cannot be maintained over the long term. Well-being must be sustainable. The state needs criteria for assessing the well-being of its citizens, so that it can work to raise the well-being level. Joining many other governments around the world, the Israeli government adopted a comprehensive set of indices for measuring well-being in 2015. Since 2016, the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics has been publishing the assessment results on an annual basis. Having determined that the monitoring of well-being in Israel should employ complementary indices relating to its sustainability, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Bank of Israel, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and Yad Hanadiv asked the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities to establish an expert committee to draft recommendations on this issue. The Academy's assistance was sought in recognition of its statutory authority "to advise the government on activities relating to research and scientific planning of national significance." The Committee was appointed by the President of the Academy, Professor Nili Cohen, in March 2017; its members are social scientists spanning a variety of disciplines. This report presents the Committee's conclusions. Israel's ability to ensure the well-being of its citizens depends on the resources or capital stocks available to it, in particular its economic, natural, human, social, and cultural resources. At the heart of this report are a mapping of these resources, and recommendations for how to measure them.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.

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We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294374.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotype. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens; however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified six stratotypes designated within four park units of the Sonoran Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network (SODN): Chiricahua National Monument (CHIR) has three type areas; Coronado National Memorial (CORO) has one type area; Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument (GICL) has one type area; and Saguaro National Park (SAGU) has one type area. Table 1 provides information regarding the six stratotypes currently identified within SODN parks. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (CAGR), Fort Bowie National Historic Site (FOBO), Montezuma Castle National Monument (MOCA), Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument (ORPI), Tonto National Monument (TONT), Tumacácori National Historical Park (TUMA), or Tuzigoot National Monument (TUZI). However, CHIR, MOCA, SAGU, and TUZI contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the “Recommendations” section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations so that NPS staff may recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SODN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Potts, Tavis, and Rebecca Ford. Leading from the front? Increasing Community Participation in a Just Transition to Net Zero in the North-East of Scotland. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19722.

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n line with Scottish Net Zero targets and the national strategy for a Just Transition, the Northeast of Scotland is transforming towards a low carbon future with a number of high-profile industry and policy initiatives. With the region home to global energy companies and historical high levels of energy sector employment, the narrative on transition is predominantly framed within an industrial and technological context, including narratives on new opportunities in green jobs, green industrial development, technical innovation and new infrastructure to support energy transition. As the energy landscape shifts in the North-East of Scotland, the impacts will be felt most keenly in communities from shifts in employment to changes to local supply chains. It is important to note that Net Zero ambitions will also change the nature and structure of communities in the region, for those within a shifting oil and gas industry and those without. A just transition ensures that all voices are heard, engaged and included in the process of change, and that communities, including those who have benefited and those who have not, have a stake in determining the direction of travel of a changing society and economy of the North-east. As a result, there is a need for a community-oriented perspective to transition which discusses a range of values and perspectives, the opportunities and resources available for transition and how communities of place can support the process of change toward Net Zero. Social transformation is a key element of a just transition and community engagement, inclusion and participation is embedded in the principles laid down by the Just Transition Commission. Despite this high-level recognition of social justice and inclusion at the heart of transition, there has been little move to understand what a just transition means in the context of local communities in the NorthEast. This project aims to address this imbalance and promote the ability of communities to not only engage but to help steer net zero transitions. It seeks to uncover and build a stronger local consensus about the vision and pathways for civil society to progress a just transition in the Northeast of Scotland. The project aims to do this through bringing together civil society, academic, policy and business stakeholders across three interactive workshops to: 1. Empower NE communities to engage with the Just Transition agenda 2. Identify what are the key issues within a Just Transition and how they can be applied in the Northeast. 3. Directly support communities by providing training and resources to facilitate change by working in partnership. The project funding supported the delivery of three professionally facilitated online workshops that were held over 2021/22 (Figure 1). Workshop 1 explored the global principles within a just transition and how these could apply to the Scottish context. Workshop 2 examined different pathways and options for transition in the context of Northeast Scotland. Workshop 3, in partnership with NESCAN explored operational challenges and best practices with community participants. The outcomes from the three workshops are explored in detail.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: National Capital Region Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293865.

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Abstract:
Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified 20 stratotypes designated within seven park units of the National Capital Region I&M Network (NCRN): Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH) contains three type sections, two type localities, one type area, and eight reference sections; George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) contains one type locality; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE) contains two type sections, and one type locality/type area; Manassas National Battlefield (MANA) contains two type areas; Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO) contains one type section; National Capital Parks-East (NACE) contains one type locality; Prince William Forest (PRWI) contains one type section. Note that two stratotype designations (for the Harpers and Mather Gorge Formations) are shared amongst multiple park units. Table 1 provides information regarding the 20 stratotypes currently identified within the NCRN. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), Rock Creek Park (ROCR), and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR). However, CATO, CHOH, and GWMP contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the Recommendations section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the NCRN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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