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Journal articles on the topic 'Promise of'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

MAAS, FAY K., and LEONARD ABBEDUTO. "Children's judgements about intentionally and unintentionally broken promises." Journal of Child Language 28, no. 2 (June 2001): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000901004743.

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Astington (1988) found that seven- to nine-year-olds often fail to distinguish between promises and predictions when judging the utterances of characters in simple stories. Instead, these children attend only to the outcome of the story (i.e. whether the promised event occurred) when deciding whether a promise has been made and, to a lesser extent, when deciding whether the speaker is responsible for the outcome. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether seven- to nine-year-olds (a) vary their judgements of responsibility according to the reason that the promised action was not completed, and (b) recognize that an unfulfilled promise is a promise regardless of whether the speaker's failure is unavoidable or intentional. Seven-year-olds, nine-year-olds, and adults were asked to make promise and responsibility judgements for two story types: stories in which the promiser intentionally failed to fulfil his or her promise and stories in which an unforeseen event prevented the promiser from fulfilling the promise. Participants at all ages assigned responsibility correctly across both story types. In making promise judgements, however, the seven-year-olds' decisions about promises reflected a misguided attention to the outcome of a promise or the obstacle to its fulfilment. The nine-year-olds recognized that an unfulfilled promise is a promise but only when there was a clear reason for the speaker's failure to fulfil his or her obligation. We suggest that children consider only sincere promises to be instances of promising and make inferences about speaker sincerity by looking to external factors in the communicative context.

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2

Albrecht, Ingrid V. "Graveside and Other Asymmetrical Promises." Social Theory and Practice 44, no. 4 (2018): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201891344.

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People who make graveside promises consider themselves bound by them, which raises the question of whether a promise can morally obligate a promisor directly to a promisee who cannot acknowledge the promise. I show that it can by using the theoretical framework provided by “transaction accounts” of promising. Paradigmatically, these accounts maintain that the creation of a promissory obligation requires that the promisee consent to the promise. I extend these accounts to capture promises made by proxy and self-promises, and conclude that we can make promises to absent promisees when we bear responsibility for their moral and personal development.

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3

&NA;. "The Promise of PROMIS." Nursing Research 59, no. 2 (March 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0b013e3181d7d1b1.

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4

Zechner, Dominik. "The Promise of Oblivion." differences 32, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10407391-9309359.

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That forgetfulness constitutes a force detrimental to the ability of keeping promises is commonplace. Promises rely on a stable memory; in order to be realized they must be sheltered from the onslaught of oblivion. This article takes a closer look at the mutual exclusivity of promising and its forgetting— and discovers, at the very foundation of every promise, the unlikely expression of a promise of oblivion. Through readings of Sacher-Masoch, Nietzsche, Kafka, and others, this promise of oblivion emerges as the very condition of possibility of all promising: oblivion must be promised for promises to be. Thus, what on the surface seems mutually exclusive turns out essentially entangled: promising premised on oblivion. In a coda invoking Heidegger and Blanchot, the structure of language itself is revealed to be promissory—and, as such, forgetful.

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5

Ocampo, Silvina. "FromLa promesa[The Promise]." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 48, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2015.1083236.

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6

Jaffey, A. J. E. "Contract in tort's clothing." Legal Studies 5, no. 1 (March 1985): 77–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1985.tb00323.x.

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Normally one person is not obliged to confer a benefit on another unless he has promised to do so. Even if he did promise to confer the benefit, he will not normally be liable for failing to confer it if the promisee gave no consideration for the promise. Moreover even if the promisee did give consideration, a third party, who did not, but for whom the benefit was intended, cannot sue. In principle the same applies where a party provides another with some article or service. The recipient cannot complain that the article or service is not good enough, unless the other party promised, for consideration, to provide the thing or service, and what is provided falls below the quality promised. So actions based on the failure to confer a benefit, or sufficient benefit, normally lie in contract.

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7

Abdullah, Faruk, and Asmak Ab Rahman. "The Theory of ‘Promise’ (Waʿd) in Islamic Law." Arab Law Quarterly 29, no. 2 (April 6, 2015): 168–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341298.

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This article aims to clarify the concept of promise (waʿd) and questions whether a promise, albeit personal or transactional, is by nature binding on the promisor under Sharīʿah law. The term waʿd is also discussed in relation to other concepts involving promise: i.e., ʿaqd (contract), ʿahd (covenant or binding agreement), nudhur (vows), and juʿālah (payment for performing a service). A number of studies have concluded that waʿd is not obligatory on the promisor, unless the promisee incurs a loss due to a breach or deceptive promise. However, after reviewing the opinions of a number of classical Islamic scholars, this study concludes that under Sharīʿah law all promises are generally binding on the promisor, except in light of valid excuses or mitigating circumstances.

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8

Riley, Jeff. "The elusive promise of AI." Ubiquity 2021, April (April 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458742.

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A 2006 Ubiquity article titled "The Elusive Promise of AI" contended that the field of artificial intelligence (AI) promised much but had not yet delivered on its promises. This follow-up article reviews some of the more significant events and progress in AI over the intervening decade-and-a-half since the original article, describes roughly where we are today, and speculates as to what might be ahead of us.

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9

Ettinger, FO. "Eastern promise promise." Nursing Standard 15, no. 26 (March 14, 2001): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.15.26.25.s39.

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10

Mener, Jack P. "Terry George. “La Promesse” (The Promise)." Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire, no. 126 (April 2, 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/temoigner.6938.

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11

Christie, Bryan. "Potent promise: Potent promise." Science News 174, no. 6 (September 30, 2009): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2008.5591740615.

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12

Hiatt, Evelyn Levsky. "Promises to Keep—The Story of Project Promise." Gifted Child Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April 1994): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001698629403800207.

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13

Glicksman, A. "The Promise Of Aging In The Promised Land." Gerontologist 51, no. 2 (March 7, 2011): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr008.

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14

Bochenska, Katarzyna, Evelyn Hall, James W. Griffith, Kimberly Kenton, Alexandria Alverdy, Christina Lewicky-Gaupp, and Margaret Mueller. "The Promise of PROMIS in Pelvic Organ Prolapse." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25, no. 6 (2019): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000000685.

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15

Cummings, K. M. "A promise is a promise." Tobacco Control 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2003): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.2.117.

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16

Anggraini, Suci, and Tofan Dwi Hardjanto. "Making Promises in the TV Series <em>Gilmore Girls</em>." Lexicon 8, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v8i2.72788.

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This study investigates the speech act of promising found in the first five episodes of the TV series Gilmore Girls (2000). It categorizes utterances containing promises based on the directness strategies. The direct promising strategy is identified using the IFID of the speech act of promising, that is the performative verb promise, while the indirect promising strategy is identified and categorized into 10 types of indirect promising strategy proposed by Ariff and Mugableh (2013): pure promise, discourse conditional, tautological-like expression, body-part expression, self-aggrandizing expression, time expression, courtesy-like expression, swearing expression, adjacency pair, and false promise. The results show that the most commonly used strategy was the indirect promising strategy (94.3%) as the characters in the series tend to make promises casually by not using the performative verb promise. Then, pure promise strategy is the most frequently used type of indirect promising strategy (31.3%). In addition, there are two distinctive types of indirect promising strategies found in the TV series, i.e., hidden promise and sarcastic promise strategies. This finding suggests that there are many other ways to make promises besides using the performative verb, promise and the modal verb will since the context of the conversations sometimes indicates future acts that a speaker commits to doing.

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17

Abbara, Suhny, and Dushyant Sahani. "Dual-energy computed tomography: Promised land or empty promise?" Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 2, no. 4 (July 2008): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2008.05.149.

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18

Stojanovic-Prelevic, Ivana. "Responsiability of public figures: The speech act of politicians’ promise." Theoria, Beograd 66, no. 4 (2023): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo2304043s.

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The paper indicates the importance of publicly spoken word by politicians whose responsiability is greater than the responsiability of ordinary citizens, due to the nature of the work they do. Using examples of the speech acts of promising in the field of politics, the author tries to show when such an act might be considered unethical. This could be the case when promising is used out of habit or without serious intention to fulfill the promise (like, for example, in election campaigns). In those cases, the speech act of promising lacks ?seriousness? and might be considered unethical for several reasons: due to the failure of expectations (according to John Searle), due to misleading, disrespect for dignity, and the like. Guided by John Austin?s theory of performatives, according to which something is promised by the mere utterance of promise, the author tries to show that every speech act of promise spoken publicly can be counted as unethical act under certain circumstances, as well as that politicians- are morally responsiblie for making promises in the public domain.

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19

GHAMBARYAN, Artur, and Rafik KHANDANYAN. "The Issue of Public Officials’ Promises in the Light of Philosophy of State." WISDOM 24, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.947.

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The legal nature of promises of state bodies has not become a subject of discussion in the theory and philosophy of Soviet and Post-Soviet Law. Issues related to the promise/assurance of an administrative act and its legal consequences are studied in more detail in the doctrine of German administrative law. Moreover, positive legal provisions on the promise of an administrative act exist in Germany. The results of studying the promise in this article will be presented in a deductive methodology (from general to specific). The article will present: First, within the framework of the types of law enforcement, theoretical approaches about the legal nature of the promises made by officials, their place in the system of sources of law (philosophical and legal plane); Second, the essence of the promise made by an official as a performative act, types of promises and connection with the doctrine of legal expectation (theoretical and legal plane); Third, judicial practice of consideration and resolution of disputes related to the promise made by administrative bodies. The authors conclude that the fulfillment of public promises of high-ranking officials is not only a moral duty, but also causes political and legal consequences.

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20

Murray Walker, Jeanne. "Promise." Anglican Theological Review 103, no. 1 (February 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003328621993030.

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21

Duo, Duo, and Mai Mang. "Promise." World Literature Today 85, no. 2 (2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2011.0092.

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22

PEACOCK, MOLLY. "PROMISE." Yale Review 102, no. 4 (2014): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2014.0005.

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23

Pierce, Doris. "Promise." Journal of Occupational Science 19, no. 4 (October 2012): 298–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2012.667778.

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24

PEACOCK, MOLLY. "PROMISE." Yale Review 102, no. 4 (September 23, 2014): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.12197.

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25

Tull, Renetta G., Janet C. Rutledge, Frances D. Carter, and Jordan E. Warnick. "PROMISE." Academic Medicine 87, no. 11 (November 2012): 1562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e31826d6796.

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26

Eylon, Yuval. "Natural Promises." Etyka 52 (December 1, 2016): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.494.

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The possibility of promising requires a determined obligation that distinguishes breaking a promise from merely failing to keep it, thus enabling both parties to know what the promise entails. In addition, a recognizable commitment must bind the promiser and justify the promisee’s reliance. It is widely accepted that fulfilling these functions requires a rule of promises – either a convention or a moral principle. The paper criticizes this common view and presents an alternative. I introduce the concept ‘quamise’. Quamises are particular expressions of intentions to act, made within personal relationships which involve normative requirements. Given these requirements, quamising determines an obligation and justifies reliance sans rule. I argue that promises within relationships are in fact quamises. Consequently, a unified account of promises is available only if quamises can be made to strangers, without implicitly appealing to a rule. I show that an attempt to quamise can, under appropriate conditions, create the relationship needed for quamising. The conditions that enable quamising to strangers include the social emotion of shame, which provides the accountability to strangers required for reliance, as well as various salient precedents and practices the parties can designate in order to determine an obligation. Thus, a rule of promises is unnecessary. According to this view, the moral nature of promises resembles that of personal commitments: fidelity to promises is a virtue in the sense that friendship is.

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27

Wood, Jeffrey S., Matthew Haigh, and Andrew J. Stewart. "“This Isn’t a Promise, It’s a Threat”." Experimental Psychology 63, no. 2 (March 2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000315.

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Abstract. Participants had their eye movements recorded as they read vignettes containing implied promises and threats. We observed a reading time penalty when participants read the word “threat” when it anaphorically referred to an implied promise. There was no such penalty when the word “promise” was used to refer to an implied threat. On a later measure of processing we again found a reading time penalty when the word “threat” was used to refer to a promise, but also when the word “promise” was used to refer to a threat. These results suggest that anaphoric processing of such expressions is driven initially by sensitivity to the semantic scope differences of “threats” versus “promises.” A threat can be understood as a type of promise, but a promise cannot be understood as a type of threat. However, this effect was short lived; readers were ultimately sensitive to mismatched meaning, regardless of speech act performed.

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28

Masi, Christopher. "The Health Promise of Promise Neighborhoods." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 23, no. 3 (2012): 963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2012.0111.

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29

Stevenson, Deborah. "A Promise Is a Promise (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 60, no. 11 (2007): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2007.0496.

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30

LIBERMAN, ALIDA. "Permissible Promise-Making Under Uncertainty." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 5, no. 4 (2019): 468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2019.26.

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AbstractI outline four conditions on permissible promise-making: the promise must be for a morally permissible end, must not be deceptive, must be in good faith, and must involve a realistic assessment of oneself. I then address whether promises that you are uncertain you can keep can meet these four criteria, with a focus on campaign promises as an illustrative example. I argue that uncertain promises can meet the first two criteria, but that whether they can meet the second two depends on the source of the promisor's uncertainty. External uncertainty stemming from outside factors is unproblematic, but internal uncertainty stemming from the promisor's doubts about her own strength leads to promises that are in bad faith or unrealistic. I conclude that campaign promises are often subject to internal uncertainty and are therefore morally impermissible to make, all else being equal.

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31

RIOT, Elen. "De la promesse entrepreneuriale à la réindustrialisation : les cas de Florange et Gandrange dans la vallée sidérurgique lorraine." Management international 27, Special (2023): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-ha26-8rh6.

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Entrepreneurs embody a promise for the future in territories in industrial crisis. We identify two types of entrepreneurs: continuity entrepreneurs, who promise industrial revival and disruptive entrepreneurs, who promise a green growth. Can these figures now repair what creative destruction and globalization have destroyed? We propose an analysis of the discourses around these entrepreneurial promises in the case of the Lorraine steel industry in Gandrange and Florange. We emphasize the highly ideological and indeterminate nature of the debate on industrialization and its promises for society, between deindustrialization, reindustrialization and the great environmental transition. This debate focuses on one man’s action, a providential figure and the promise remains a matter of personal belief.

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32

Dawson, Francis. "Contract as Assumption and Consideration Theory: A Reassessment of Williams v Roffey Bros." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 42, no. 1 (May 2, 2011): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v42i1.5142.

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This article considers various aspects of the doctrine of consideration in the light of Professor Coote's recent book "Contract as Assumption". Whilst a voluntary assumption of a legal duty is the essence of a contractual obligation, not every promise given in exchange for another promise with the intention to create legal obligations becomes enforceable in contract. Thus there is no contract where A promises to give property to B and B promises to accept it. The Law discriminates between promises given for value and promises which are illusory or gratuitous. It does so by examining the content of the counter-promise (in the above example B's promise to accept) and requires that the performance of the obligation to be undertaken in the reciprocal promise confers a benefit on the promisor (in the example above A) or constitutes a detriment to the counter-party. It follows that whether a purported assumption of liability contained in a promise is enforceable is answered in our law by asking whether the promise is supported by consideration – for example whether what the counter-party has agreed to do is for the benefit of the promisor or to the detriment of the counter-party. It is also suggested that the concept of a practical benefit where an existing legal duty is sought to be modified has respectable historical antecedents which tend to support the reasoning in the controversial decision in Williams v Roffey Bros. Finally, Equity's traditional reluctance to enforce a covenant made under seal which is not exchanged for value is re-examined, and the significance of recent statutory reforms adverted to.

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33

Saprai, Prince. "Balfour V Balfour and the separation of contract and promise." Legal Studies 37, no. 3 (September 2017): 468–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12162.

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In 1919, Balfour v Balfour gave birth to the intention to create legal relations doctrine in contract law. In a dispute between a husband and wife, Lord Justice Atkin said that domestic commitments were not within the jurisdiction of contract law. It has had profound implications for how contract cases are decided, and how contract law is understood. In this paper, I focus on the radical implications of this doctrine for contract theory. Charles Fried said famously that contracts are promises. But if contracts are promises, why is it that contract law requires not only promise, but after Balfour a further intention, that the promise be legally enforceable? That tension between the promise theory of contract and the intention to create legal relations doctrine has led some to doubt the place of promise in contract. Dori Kimel, for example, says that the doctrine is a portal between the realm of promise, where people are attached, and the realm of contract, where detachment prevails. But such dichotomies are misleading. Contract is not separate from promise. It is one of the ways that promise fulfils its function of giving meaning and shape to human relationships.

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34

Woike, Jan K., and Patricia Kanngiesser. "Most People Keep Their Word Rather Than Their Money." Open Mind 3 (October 2019): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00027.

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Promises are crucial for human cooperation because they allow people to enter into voluntary commitments about future behavior. Here we present a novel, fully incentivized paradigm to measure voluntary and costly promise-keeping in the absence of external sanctions. We found across three studies ( N = 4,453) that the majority of participants (61%–98%) kept their promises to pay back a specified amount of a monetary endowment, and most justified their decisions by referring to obligations and norms. Varying promise elicitation methods (Study 1a) and manipulating stake sizes (Study 2a) had negligible effects. Simultaneously, when others estimated promise-keeping rates (using two different estimation methods), they systematically underestimated promise-keeping by up to 40% (Studies 1b and 2b). Additional robustness checks to reduce potential reputational concerns and possible demand effects revealed that the majority of people still kept their word (Study 3). Promises have a strong normative power and binding effect on behavior. Nevertheless, people appear to pessimistically underestimate the power of others’ promises. This behavior–estimation gap may prevent efficient coordination and cooperation.

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35

Radoynovska, Nevena. "Solving Social Problems Through Social Entrepreneurship: Promise or “Just” Promises?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.11001abstract.

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36

Higgins, Karen M., and Mark L. Merickel. "The promise and the promises: Partnerships from a university perspective." Teacher Educator 32, no. 3 (March 1997): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08878739709555143.

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37

Crowne, Emir. "Promises not kept: Supreme Court of Canada abandons promise doctrine." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 12, no. 10 (September 12, 2017): 816–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpx154.

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38

Bevan, Bronwyn. "The promise and the promises of Making in science education." Studies in Science Education 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057267.2016.1275380.

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39

Fleming, David. "Contract—Consideration—Promise to Perform Existing Duty Owed to Promisee." Cambridge Law Journal 49, no. 2 (July 1990): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300116927.

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40

Ryder, I. "Editorial: ‘Make a promise — Keep a promise’." Journal of Brand Management 9, no. 6 (July 2002): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540088.

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41

Greco, Peter M. "A promise made is a promise kept." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 153, no. 6 (June 2018): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.04.003.

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42

Faber, Ryan L. "Infant Baptism: God’s Promise or Ours?" Studia Liturgica 51, no. 1 (March 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0039320720981068.

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This article examines the baptism liturgies of the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRC). It argues that parental promises eclipse the promise of God in the practice of baptism in the CRC. A discernible shift from an emphasis on God’s promise in the CRC’s oldest liturgy to an increasing emphasis on parental promises in the new liturgies adopted by Synods 1976 and 1994 is observed. Ambiguity about the meaning of baptism is evident in the CRC’s newest baptism liturgies, adopted by Synods 2013 and 2016. This article concludes that the denomination should adopt a new baptism liturgy in which parental promises are made only after the administration of their child’s baptism.

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43

Kim, KyungMin, and HyoungKoo Moon. "The newcomer’s psychological contract breach and its change." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 28, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v28i4.749-766.

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This study has two primary aims: (1) to investigate the relationship between how the newcomer perceives employer promises psychological contract breach, and (2) to understand how these rates change over time. A total of 222 newcomers at major Korean companies were surveyed twice at a three-month interval. Results showed that both levels of perceived employer promise and psychological contract breach decreased over time as individuals accumulated real job experience. Also, the change in perceived employer promises was positively related to the change in breach perception. As their perceived employer promise level decreases over time, newcomers perceived fewer psychological contract breaches. This study provides evidence that a newcomer’s breach perception could result from overestimation of employer promise and that job experience plays a role in adjusting employer promise perception to an appropriate level, thereby lowering breach perception. These findings suggest that newcomers’ breach perception may be different from that of existing employees, due to incomplete initial understanding of employer promise, leading to increased frequency of breach perception. Practitioners may also benefit from education on new approaches for managing newcomers’ breach perception.

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44

Ambarwati, Auliah, Muh Fadli Faisal Rasyid, Saharuddin Saharuddin, Devi Dwi Wulandari, and Muh Akbar Fhad Syahril. "Breaking The Promise to Marry Unlawful Acts or Default." JUSTISI 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2024): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/js.v10i2.2481.

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This study aims to find civil law arrangements regarding the juridical analysis of breaking a promise to marry or what is commonly referred to as Broken Marriage Promises as an unlawful act. What are the legal consequences of breaking a marriage promise as unlawful? This study uses a normative legal research type with a statutory approach. The types and sources of legal materials use primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Analysis of legal materials uses deductive logical reasoning, which is studied from a qualitative perspective. The results of the study show that breaking a promise to marry or commonly called promises of marriage as an unlawful act, is regulated in Article 58 of the Civil Code and several judges' decisions such as Supreme Court Decision Number 3191 K/Pdt/1984, Supreme Court Decision Number 3277 K/Pdt/2000, Decision of the Supreme Court Number 1644 K/Pdt/2020. The legal consequences of breaking a marriage promise as an unlawful act, namely if a person suffers a loss due to breaking of the marriage promise, both material and immaterial losses, then he can be sued for compensation following the loss suffered if the element of the unlawful act is fulfilled according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code. Keywords: Marriage promise; Unlawful act; Default.

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45

Fisher, Andrew, Anke Hennig, Bernd Behr, Daniel Rubinstein, Martin Charvát, Peter Szendy, and Tomáš Dvořák. "The promise of photography: Scale, measure and proportion in a conflicted visual milieu." Philosophy of Photography 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 27–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop_00047_1.

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This roundtable discussion is based on an online symposium – The Promise of Photography: Scale, Measure and Proportion in a Conflicted Visual Milieu – which took place on 17 September 2021. Since its inception, photography has promised to set things to scale, to grant them measure and proportion, a series of promises that have also entailed moments of irrationality or conflict that persist in and continue to shape the era of global networked digital imaging technologies. The symposium started out from the diagnosis that, whilst photography continues to promise an ordered, proportionate and measured world in which things can be set to their proper scale, it also acts in many ways as an agent of dismeasure, disproportion and the unscalable. In light of this, the roundtable discussion presented here examines a range of different meanings that scale, measure and proportion have accrued in the photographic context and sets out to explore conceptual frameworks and research methodologies through which the current situation might be understood.

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Kojo, Matti, Markku Lehtonen, Tapio Litmanen, and Niina Kiviluoma. "‚Wir haben eine Lösung‘: Einlösung des Versprechens zur nationalen Verantwortung für die Entsorgung nuklearer Abfälle." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 31, no. 3 (December 16, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.31.3.31.

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We examine the realization of the umbrella promise to assume national responsibility for the final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. Three case studies are used to illustrate how Finland delivers on the promise to take care of its own nuclear waste – a promise that has greatly contributed to the legitimacy of nuclear power in Finland. The article shows how this promise is being challenged by new competitors, business visionaries, and the public. The case studies illustrate the tensions between those who made the promise and the actors who interpret and mobilize the promise for varying purposes and under changing circumstances. We investigate techno-scientific promises by looking at debates about (1) the idea of a national solution, (2) the limitations that the promise of a national solution places on international business opportunities in the waste sector, and (3) the challenges related to credibility and spatial requirements in managing waste from small modular reactors.

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Stoljar, Samuel. "Keeping promises: the moral and legal obligation." Legal Studies 8, no. 3 (November 1988): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1988.tb00643.x.

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It is often assumed that a promise is not legally enforceable unless, as a necessary though not sufficient condition, the promise is morally ‘obligatory’ or ‘binding’. If this assumption is correct, or can be shown to be tenable, highly interesting and important things follow for both legal and contract theory. Promise-keeping emerges as a moral obligation before it is a legal one, the legal duty becoming but a sanctionable extension of the moral obligation, its continuation so to speak by other means. There is thus no fundamental break separating moral from legal promises; for even a legal promise, particularly or most visibly one not covered by existing authority, cannot be fully justified as to why it ought to be kept without support from moral grounds. In the first three sections we therefore consider the moral reasons we may advance in support of an obligation to keep promises. In the last two sections we try to relate these moral considerations more specifically to contract law.

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Briffa, Charles, and Philip Jeyaretnam. "Abraham's Promise." World Literature Today 70, no. 3 (1996): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40042317.

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McNeil, Catriona M. "The Promise." Annals of Internal Medicine 171, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m18-2403.

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Vincent, Anaïs. "Yves promise." Hommes & migrations, no. 1320 (January 1, 2018): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.4086.

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