Journal articles on the topic 'Prolactin – Psychological effect'
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1
Huron, David. "Why is Sad Music Pleasurable? A Possible Role for Prolactin." Musicae Scientiae 15, no. 2 (July 2011): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986491101500202.
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A hedonic theory of music and sadness is proposed. Some listeners report that nominally sad music genuinely makes them feel sad. It is suggested that, for these listeners, sad affect is evoked through a combination of empathetic responses to sad acoustic features, learned associations, and cognitive rumination. Among those listeners who report sad feelings, some report an accompanying positive affect, whereas others report the experience to be solely negative. Levels of the hormone prolactin increase when sad – producing a consoling psychological effect suggestive of a homeostatic function. It is proposed that variations in prolactin levels might account for the variability in individual hedonic responses. Specifically, it is conjectured that high prolactin concentrations are associated with pleasurable music-induced sadness, whereas low prolactin concentrations are associated with unpleasant music-induced sadness.
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Huron, David. "Why is sad music pleasurable? A possible role for prolactin." Musicae Scientiae 15, no. 2 (July 2011): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864911401171.
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A hedonic theory of music and sadness is proposed. Some listeners report that nominally sad music genuinely makes them feel sad. It is suggested that, for these listeners, sad affect is evoked through a combination of empathetic responses to sad acoustic features, learned associations, and cognitive rumination. Among those listeners who report sad feelings, some report an accompanying positive affect, whereas others report the experience to be solely negative. Levels of the hormone prolactin increase when sad – producing a consoling psychological effect suggestive of a homeostatic function. It is proposed that variations in prolactin levels might account for the variability in individual hedonic responses. Specifically, it is conjectured that high prolactin concentrations are associated with pleasurable music-induced sadness, whereas low prolactin concentrations are associated with unpleasant music-induced sadness.
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Pfister, H. Peter, and Janice L. Muir. "Psychological Stress and Administered Oxytocin During Pregnancy: Effect Corticosterone and Prolactin Response in Lactating Rats." International Journal of Neuroscience 45, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207458908986220.
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Bingaman, E. W., L. D. Van de Kar, J. M. Yracheta, Q. Li, and T. S. Gray. "Castration attenuates prolactin response but potentiates ACTH response to conditioned stress in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): R856—R863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.4.r856.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of circulating androgens on neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The effects of conditioned stress were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized and treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Intact animals received sham surgeries. Animals were stressed 3 wk after surgery. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to conditioned stress was significantly potentiated (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized DHT-treated animals. In stressed rats, plasma corticosterone levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in gonadectomized animals compared with DHT-treated castrates. The prolactin response to stress was decreased (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized DHT-treated rats. The stress-induced increases in plasma renin activity and concentration were not altered in gonadectomized or in gonadectomized DHT-treated animals. Nonstressed DHT-treated castrates exhibited more “fearlike” behavior compared with nonstressed sham-operated and gonadectomized animals. However, conditioned stress produced the same behavioral effects in all treatment groups. The results demonstrate that the ACTH/corticosterone, prolactin, and behavioral responses to a psychological stressor are differentially regulated by circulating androgens.
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Anderson, I. M., M. Parry-Billings, E. A. Newsholme, C. G. Fairburn, and P. J. Cowen. "Dieting reduces plasma tryptophan and alters brain 5-HT function in women." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 4 (November 1990): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036473.
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SynopsisA three week low calorie diet significantly reduced both total plasma tryptophan and the ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids in a group of 15 healthy volunteers. Despite a similar percentage weight loss the reduction in plasma tryptophan was greater in women than men. In addition, only in women was dieting associated with increased prolactin secretion following intravenous tryptophan, a measure of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function. These results suggest that dieting reduces the availability of circulating tryptophan for brain 5-HT synthesis. Women appear more vulnerable than men both to this effect and to its consequences for brain 5-HT function. Altered brain 5-HT function may play a part in some of the psychological consequences of dieting, including the development of clinical eating disorders.
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Farrell, P. A., A. B. Gustafson, T. L. Garthwaite, R. K. Kalkhoff, A. W. Cowley, and W. P. Morgan. "Influence of endogenous opioids on the response of selected hormones to exercise in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1051.
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To examine the influence of endogenous opioids on the hormonal response to isotonic exercise, eight males were studied 2 h after oral administration of placebo or 50 mg naltrexone, a long-lasting opioid antagonist. Venous blood samples were obtained before, during, and after 30 min of bicycle exercise at 70% VO2max. Naltrexone had no effect on resting cardiovascular, endocrine, or serum variables. During exercise epinephrine was higher [mean 433 +/- 100 (SE) pg/ml] at 30 min with naltrexone than during placebo (207 +/- 26 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine showed the same trend but the difference (2,012 +/- 340 pg/ml with naltrexone and 1,562 +/- 241 pg/ml with placebo) was not significant. Plasma glucose was higher at all times with naltrexone. However, the difference was significant only 10 min into recovery from exercise (104.7 +/- 4.7 vs. 94.5 +/- 2.8 mg/dl). Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during recovery and these elevations were significantly (P less than 0.05) augmented by naltrexone. Plasma vasopressin and prolactin increased with exercise as did heart rate, blood pressure, lactic acid, and several serum components; these increases were not affected by naltrexone. Psychological tension or anxiety was lower after exercise compared with before and this improved psychological state was not influenced by the naltrexone treatment. These data suggest that exercise-induced activation of the endogenous opioid system may serve to regulate the secretion of several important hormones (i.e., epinephrine) during and after exercise.
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Rahmawati, Anita, and Bisepta Prayogi. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Breastmilk Production on Breastfeeding Working Mothers." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v4i2.art.p134-140.
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Working mom's busyness affects the physical and psychological condition of the mother inhibiting the smoothness of milk production. The application of hypnobreastfeeding makes the mother relaxation so as to increase the hormone prolactin and oxytocin for smooth milk production. The procedure of hypnobreastfeeding by giving a positive suggestion/affirmation sentence in the mother's unconscious mind can increase the mother's confidence in the breastfeeding process. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of hypnobreastfeeding on breast milk production on breastfeeding working mothers. This study used one group pretest posttest design. 25 breastfeeding working mothers were taken by consecutive samping. Hypnobreastfeeding is done independently after being given 1x workshop and performed every day at least 2x a day before breastfeeding. Breastmilk production is measured for 7 days before and after hypnobreastfeeding using a measuring cup based on the volume of dairy milk in a day. The average milk production before treatment 210 ml / day and after treatment to 255 ml / day. Data analysis using paired t-test with significant value α = 0,05 got p value = 0.000 indicating hypnobreastfeeding effect to milk production in working breastfeeding mother. Nurses or other health workers may recommend hypnobreastfeeding as one of the lactation management methods to increase breastfeeding production, especially in working breastfeeding mothers. Keywords: hypnobreastfeeding,breast milk production, breastfeeding working mothers
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Semple, C. G., C. E. Gray, W. Borland, C. A. Espie, and G. H. Beastall. "Endocrine effects of examination stress." Clinical Science 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740255.
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1. We have studied endocrine function in nine healthy young men 16 weeks before and immediately after Final degree examinations. Factors other than psychological stress which might have affected hormone levels were excluded. 2. The presence of psychological stress at the time of examinations was confirmed by finding increased values for two self-rating anxiety scales. 3. Urine metadrenaline excretion was increased in all subjects at the time of examination. Serum and early morning urine Cortisol as well as pituitary–testicular and pituitary–thyroid function and prolactin levels were unaffected by examination stress. 4. This study questions the popular belief that psychological stress stimulates prolactin secretion and suppresses pituitary–testicular function.
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Wiechno, P. J., M. A. Sadowska, K. S. Kubiak, T. Demkow, and J. Kaminska. "Hormonal status and the quality of life of testicular cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 4548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4548.
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4548 Background: Testicular cancer is a highly curable neoplasm and treated patients may potentially survive many decades. The aim of the study was to assess the rate of hormonal abnormalities among testicular cancer survivors and the effect of these changes on patients’ quality of life. Methods: Men with complete remission of testicular cancer lasting over 2 years were eligible. Patients completed State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF), Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) and rated their physical and psychological well-being, quality of life and relationship with partners. Levels of the following hormons were determined: testosterone, estradiol, thyreotropin, folicule stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. Relations between hormone levels and questionaires results were analysed. Results: A total of 326 men were tested from November 2004 till December 2005. Median age was 37 years (range: 18–72). Median disease free survival was 59 months (range: 19–291). Only 24% of patients had all tested hormones within normal ranges. The most common of endocrine abnormalities were gonadotropins over normal (LH - 55% and FSH - 49% of cases) and lowered testosterone (15%). Percentage of patients with abnormal anxiety levels was 27% (STAI) and 28% (HADS), depression rate was 15% (BDI) and 18% (HADS), 40% of patients had erectile disfunction. Hormone levels and scores of the used scales corelated strongly with patients’ age, then a linear regression analysis was performed to exclude the influence of age factor. It was shown that higher depression levels in BDI are found amongst patients with elevated LH (p = 0.010) or FSH (p = 0.017). Men with higher than normal FSH were more anxious in STAI (p = 0.026). Patients with overnormal LH shown more sexual problems in SFQ (p = 0.030). Abnormal gonadotropins levels corelated with a deteriorated physical well-being (p = 0.028). Men with abnormal estradiol were more prone to erectile disfunction (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Hormonal abnormalities are frequent among testicular cancer survivors and have negative impact on the patients’ physical and psychological well-being as well as on their sexual functioning. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Vizir, Vadym A., Olesia V. Nasonenko, Olexandr V. Demidenko, and Anton S. Sadomov. "PROLACTIN IN HYPERTENSIVE MEN WITH ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY: AN ÉMINENCE GRISE?" Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903108.
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Introduction: Considering significant gap of convincing knowledge in the field of cardiovascular effects of prolactin and its role as a stress hormone in men precise investigations of these peculiarities has become necessary. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of prolactin concentration with parameters of arterial stiffness in hypertensive men with low testosterone. Materials and methods: In total 83 men were examined including 27 apparently healthy individuals as the control group. Physical examination, ABPM, non-invasive evaluation of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics parameters, answering AMS questionnaire, evaluation of total testosterone and prolactin levels using ELISA were performed. Results: Initially 56 hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups with regard to their total testosterone level: group 1 included 31 hypogonadal men, group 2 - 25 male patients who had their testosterone concentrations within the normal range. Prolactin levels appeared to be significantly higher in hypertensive men with lower testosterone, they had more unfavorable parameters of arterial stiffness and the difference between 1 and 2 group in terms of central aoSBP and aoPWV became statistically significant. Prolactin concentration was not related with RWTT and index Aix% 75, a significant correlation was observed between prolactin and aoPWV. A strong correlation was found between prolactin concentration and psychological symptoms in AMS. Conclusion: Our study suggests the positive association of prolactin concentration with psychological domain of andropause symptoms and worse parameters of arterial stiffness among hypertensive men with androgen deficiency.
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Christensen, Julia F. "Is War on the Arts War on Human Psychological Systems? A View from Experimental Psychology and Affective Neuroscience." Leonardo 53, no. 2 (April 2020): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01769.
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Destruction of cultural heritage and artworks e.g. by terrorist groups has significant psychological effects for individuals and communities. This article outlines how the negative psychological effects of iconoclasm and arts destruction may be rooted in the human social brain. The proposed neurocognitive mechanisms include: (1) associative learning mechanisms (memory-reward links), (2) neuroendocrine mechanisms (oxytocin and prolactin reward links) and (3) social touch mechanisms (CT cutaneous mechanoreceptor-reward links). Iconoclasm and arts destruction are a threat to the stability of human psychological systems.
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Goodwin, G. M., C. M. Shapiro, J. Bennie, H. Dick, S. Carroll, and G. Fink. "The neuroendocrine responses and psychological effects of infusion of L-tryptophan in anorexia nervosa." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 4 (November 1989): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700005572.
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SYNOPSISThe secretion of prolactin and growth hormone (GH), together with subjective ratings of sedation and hunger, were determined in 13 in-patients with anorexia nervosa and 15 controls during the intravenous infusion of L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg). Prolactin responses were not different between groups but GH responses were markedly blunted in patients. In addition sedation responses in patients were attenuated compared with controls. Hunger ratings were reduced by the infusion in controls but were too variable to be interpreted in the patients. Plasma amino acid levels were also determined before and after infusion of L-tryptophan. Tryptophan levels were comparable in the two groups as were the levels of tyrosine, phenyl alanine, valine, leucine and iso-leucine. The results suggest that some aspects of 5-hydroxytryptamine function may be attenuated in anorexia nervosa. However, they undoubtedly contrast with the finding of enhanced hormonal responses in acute dieting and may be relevant to the interpretation of similar experiments in depressive illness.
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Nambi, Gopal, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Saud F. Alsubaie, Ayman K. Saleh, Anju Verma, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, and Abdulaziz A. Alkathiry. "Short-Term Psychological and Hormonal Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Chronic Low Back Pain in Soccer Players." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0075.
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Objective: To find the short-term psychological and hormonal effects of virtual reality training on chronic low back pain in American soccer players. Design, Setting, Participants: The 3-block random sampling method was used on 54 university American soccer players with chronic low back pain, and they were allocated into 3 groups: virtual reality training (VRT; n = 18), combined physical rehabilitation (n = 18), and control (n = 18) groups at University Hospital. They underwent different balance training exercises for 4 weeks. The participants and the therapist who is assessing the outcomes were blinded. Psychological (pain intensity and kinesiophobia) and hormonal (glucose, insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol) values were measured at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: The baseline demographic, psychological, and hormonal data between the VRT, combined physical rehabilitation, and control groups show no statistical difference (P ≥ .05). Four weeks following training, the VRT group shows more significant changes in pain intensity and kinesiophobia than the combined physical rehabilitation and control groups (P < .001), and the improvement was noted in the 6-month follow-up. All the hormonal variables (glucose, insulin, growth hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol) show significant changes at 4-week training (P < .001), except for the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (P = .075) between the 3 groups. At 6-month follow-up glucose, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol show more significant difference in the VRT group than the other 2 groups (P < .001). At the same time, insulin (P = .694), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (P = .272), and growth hormone (P = .145) failed to show significant changes between the groups. Conclusion: Training through virtual reality is an effective treatment program when compared with conventional exercise training programs from a psychological and hormonal analysis perspective in American soccer players with chronic low back pain.
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Barzegarpoor, Hamidreza, Hamid Amoozi, Hamid Rajabi, Duane Button, and Rana Fayazmilani. "The Effects of Performing Mental Exertion during Cycling Exercise on Fatigue Indices." International Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 12 (June 29, 2020): 846–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1179-8326.
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AbstractThis study investigated the effect of performing prolonged mental exertion during submaximal cycling exercise on exercise tolerance and fatigue. Participants performed 5 experimental sessions. Session 1: determination of cycling peak power output. Sessions 2 and 3: cycling to exhaustion at 65% peak power output with mental exertion or watching a movie. Sessions 4 and 5: cycling for 45 min at 65% peak power output with mental exertion or while watching a movie. During sessions 2–5, rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded while cycling and cortisol and prolactin concentrations, psychomotor vigilance task performance, and maximal voluntary contraction were measured pre-and post-sessions. During sessions 2 and 3, time to exhaustion was reduced (p<0.01) and rate of perceived exertion was increased (p<0.01) in session 2 compared to 3. Cortisol, prolactin and heart rate increased and psychomotor vigilance task and maximal voluntary contraction decreased from pre-to post-sessions with no difference between sessions. Cortisol, prolactin and rate of perceived exertion were higher (p<0.03) in session 4 than 5. Heart rate increased and maximal voluntary contraction decreased from pre-to post-sessions with no difference between sessions. Prolonged mental exertion during cycling exercise reduces exercise tolerance, which appears to be mediated psychologically rather than physiologically.
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Ioachimescu, Adriana G., Maria Fleseriu, Andrew R. Hoffman, T. Brooks Vaughan III, and Laurence Katznelson. "Psychological effects of dopamine agonist treatment in patients with hyperprolactinemia and prolactin-secreting adenomas." European Journal of Endocrinology 180, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0682.
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Background Dopamine agonists (DAs) are the main treatment for patients with hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Recently, an increasing number of reports emphasized DAs’ psychological side effects, either de novo or as exacerbations of prior psychiatric disease. Methods Review of prospective and retrospective studies (PubMed 1976, September 2018) evaluating the psychological profile of DA-treated patients with hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas. Case series and case reports of psychiatric complications were also reviewed. Results Most studies were cross-sectional and had a control group of healthy volunteers or patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. There were few prospective studies, with/without control group, that included small numbers of patients. Compared with controls, patients with hyperprolactinemia generally had worse quality of life, anxiety, depression and certain personality traits. Patients receiving DAs had higher impulsivity scores than normoprolactinemic controls. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) were reported in both genders, with hypersexuality mostly in men. Multiple ICDs were sometimes reported in the same patient, usually reversible after DA discontinuation. In case reports, DA therapy was temporally associated with severe depression, manic episodes or psychosis, which improved after discontinuation and administration of psychiatric medications. Gender type of DA, dose and duration of therapy did not correlate with occurrence of psychiatric pathology. Conclusion Patients with hyperprolactinemia receiving DAs may develop changes in mood and behavior regardless of prior psychiatric history. Increased awareness for ICDs, depression, mania and other types of psychosis is needed by all physicians who prescribe DAs. Larger prospective controlled clinical studies are needed to delineate prevalence, risk stratification and management.
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Sheyla, Najwatul Maula, Nurul Widyawati Melyana, and Suryono Suryono. "A Model for Hypogalactia Treatment Using Electrical Acupoint to Increase Breast Milk Volume and Improve Prolactin Content." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306020.
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Hypogalactia is one of the problems for breastfeeding mothers that accounts for 63%. Nowadays, efforts have been done to prevent hypogalactia pharmacologically. However, this approach often comes with side effects for the mothers. This research proposes the implementation of non-pharmacological electrical acupoint method via activation of neurological, bio-mechanical, and psychological systems. It is aimed at proving the method’s efficacy in improving breast milk volume and prolactin level. The model of electrical acupoint is carried out at 0. 5 watt frequency of scale 3 for 10 minutes at acupoints SI1, ST36 and SP6. Paired t-test statistical test was then conducted to differentiate the effects of electrical acupoint treatment on breastfeeding mothers. Results show significant differences (p<0. 05) after implementation of electrical acupoint. This significant difference is proven from the unpaired t-test which indicated different results of pre-and post-treatment. This means that electrical acupoint improves breast milk volume by an average of 70. 915 mL and prolactin level by around 313. 47 ng/Ml. It can then be inferred that the use of electrical acupoint readily handles the problem of hypogalactia.
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Touitou, Y., O. Benoit, J. Foret, A. Aguirre, A. Bogdan, M. Clodoré, and C. Touitou. "Effects of a two-hour early awakening and of bright light exposure on plasma patterns of cortisol, melatonin, prolactin and testosterone in man." Acta Endocrinologica 126, no. 3 (March 1992): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1260201.
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Bright light is a synchronizing agent that entrains human circadian rhythms and modifies various endocrine and neuroendocrine functions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether and how the exposure to a bright light stimulus during the 2 h following a 2 h earlier awakening could modify the disturbance induced by the the sleep deprivation on the plasma pattens of hormones whose secretion is sensitive to light and/or sleep, namely melatonin, prolactin, cortisol and testosterone. Six healthy and synchronized (lights on: 07.00–23.00) male students (22.5±1.1 years) with normal psychological profiles volunteered for the study in winter. The protocol consisted of a baseline control night (customary sleep schedule) followed by three shortened nights with a rising at 05.00 and a 2 h exposure to either dim light (50 lux; one week) or bright light (2000 lux: other week). Our study showed a phase advance of the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol without significant modifications of the hormone mean or peak concentration. Plasma melatonin concentration decreased following bright light exposure, whereas no obvious modifications of plasma testosterone or prolactin patterns could be observed in this protocol.
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Whalley, Lawrence J., John M. Eagles, Geoffrey M. R. Bowler, John G. Bennie, Heinz R. Dick, Ralph J. McGuire, and George Fink. "Selective effects of ECT on hypothalamic—pituitary activity." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 2 (May 1987): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700024855.
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SynopsisThe hypothesis that ECT produces selective effects on hypothalamic–pituitary activity was investigated by determining the effect of ECT on pituitary hormone release in nine depressed patients. After ECT there were massive and rapid increases in the plasma concentrations of nicotine-and oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin (NSN and ESN), prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), smaller increases in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol, a significant decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration but no change in plasma thyrotropin (TSH). There was significant attenuation of PRL responses with repeated ECT. The hormonal responses to ECT cannot simply be attributed to stress, since a similar pattern of increases in plasma hormone concentrations did not occur in psychologically normal patients in whom plasma hormone concentrations were measured during induction of anaesthesia and abdominal incision for cholecystectomy. Analysis of these hormonal responses in terms of the knowledge available on the neurotransmitter control of pituitary hormone release suggests that some of these hormonal responses to ECT may be mediated by the activation of serotonergic neurones, while others are probadly due to direct stimulation of the neuroendocrine neurones themselves.
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Abd-rabou, Ahmed, Hanaa Ahmed, and Emad Eskander. "CLEMASTINE, THE H1 HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, ALTERS THE HUMAN SEX AND THYROID HORMONAL PROFILES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.19456.
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Objective: Clemastine is widely used as an antihistaminic drug. However, clemastine effectively acts as an antagonist of H1 histamine receptor, it has significant burden adverse effects causing common nervous system, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal ailments, as well as rare cardiac and immune system disorders. The objective of this study is to investigate whether there is a remarkable impact of clemastine administration on the human hormonal pituitary-thyroid-adrenal axis.Methods: To achieve that, hormonal profile was tested in the sera of males and females treated and untreated individuals with clemastine. This is to measure serum estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, fasting insulin, and cortisol levels. The circulating hormonal levels were measured quantitatively using enzyme-link immunosorbent assay.Results: We resulted that there were significant differences of the human hormonal profile on clemastine treatment.Conclusion: Hormonal profiling showed that there were remarkable signatures could be of great interest to underline some recommendations and guidelines optimizing the clemastine dosage to avoid burdens associated with the administration of this drug as well as maintain the physiological and psychological performances of both sexes exposing to clemastine during the period of allergic treatment.
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de Moura, Egberto Gaspar, and Magna Cottini F. Cottini. "Neonatal Programming of Body Weight Regulation and Energetic Metabolism." Bioscience Reports 25, no. 3-4 (June 8, 2005): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2888-3.
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Programming is an epigenetic phenomena by which nutritional, hormonal, physical psychological and other stressful events acting in a critical period of life, such as gestation and lactation, modifies in a prolonged way certain physiological functions. This process was preserved by natural selection as an important adaptive tool for survival of organisms living in nutritional impaired areas. So, malnutrition during gestation and lactation turns on different genes that provide the organism with a thrifty phenotype. In the case of an abundant supply of nutrients after this period, those organisms that were adapted to a low metabolic waste and higher energy utilization will be in a higher risk of developing metabolic diseases, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The kind of malnutrition, duration and intensity are important for the type of programming obtained. We discuss some of the hormonal and metabolic changes that occur in gestation or lactation, when malnutrition is applied to the mothers and their offspring. Some of these changes, such as an increase of maternal triiodothyronine (T3), leptin and glucocorticoids (GC) and decrease in prolactin are by itself potential programming factors. Most of these hormones can be transfer through the milk that has other important macronutrients composition changes in malnourished dams. We discuss the programming effects of some of these hormones upon body weight and composition, leptin, thyroid and adrenal functions, and their effects on liver, muscle and adipose tissue metabolism and the consequences on thermogenesis.
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Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H., and Anna Sjörs Dahlman. "MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGYEndocrine and immunological aspects of burnout: a narrative review." European Journal of Endocrinology 180, no. 3 (March 2019): R147—R158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-18-0741.
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Burnout has several different definitions, and attempts have been made to discriminate between burnout as a psychological construct and burnout as a clinical entity. A large body of research has focused on elucidating the biological link between stress exposure and burnout and/or finding a clinically usable biomarker for burnout. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the main endocrine and immune findings in relation to burnout. The literature has primarily focused on dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, albeit the large body of studies, it cannot be concluded that clear effects are seen on HPA axis function in people with burnout. The HPA axis and anabolic acute reactivity to stress might be affected in clinical burnout. Plausible, effects of chronic stress might rather be seen when measuring responses to acute stress rather than resting state hormonal levels. Studies on other hormones, including thyroid hormones, prolactin and growth hormone in burnout subjects are inconclusive. It is important to note that this field is faced with many methodological challenges, one being the diurnal and pulsatile nature of many of the hormones of interest, including cortisol, which is not always considered. Another challenge is the heterogeneity regarding definitions and measurements of stress and burnout. Existing studies on burnout and immune function are heterogeneous regarding the results and no firm conclusion can be made if clinically relevant immune changes are present in burnout subjects. An overall conclusion is that existing research cannot confirm any homogenous reliable endocrinological or immunological changes related to burnout.
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Sole, Eva, Juan Ignacio Duran, Sara Lera, Anna Torres, Susana Andres, Marina Garriga, Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve, and Alba Roca. "S206. ARIPIPRAZOLE LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.272.
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Abstract Background Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics provide some advantages in treatment compliance of psychotic disorders. However, information about their effects during pregnancy is still very limited. We expose a clinical case of aripiprazole LAI use in a pregnant woman diagnosed of schizophrenia. Methods A non-systematic review using Pubmed was conducted using the following terms: schizophrenia, pregnancy, aripiprazole and aripiprazole LAI. A clinical record review was performed for the clinical case report. Results We report the case of a 30-year-old woman diagnosed of schizophrenia. She required several hospital admissions in the past because of the mental disorder and the lack of treatment adherence, what was the consequence of having no insight of illness and her pregnancy desires. She was initially treated with risperidone, suffering from some adverse effects like prolactine elevation and amenorrhea. In the last hospital admission, she started treatment with aripiprazol 20mg, having a good tolerability and being finally changed into aripiprazole LAI 400mg/28days. No incidences were reported and stability was achieved. After five months, she became pregnant and started being followed up in the Perinatal Mental Health Unit that belongs to the same hospital. The severity of the mental disorder and her stability at that moment made psychiatrists; obstetricians and patient decide to keep the antipsychotic treatment with subsequent appointments. The goal was to supervise psychopathology and blood tests during pregnancy. Prolactine was in physiologic levels and there were no obstetric complications. She finally delivered at 41 gestational weeks to a 3465g baby girl (Apgar 1’: 9 Apgar 5’: 10). No neonatal complications were reported. The Stafford interview was also administered in order to explore her social, obstetric and psychological background as well as possible psychiatric complications due to pregnancy and puerperium. No psychiatric complications were reported. Postpartum Bounding Questionnaire was also administered. No bounding disorder was detected. Discussion Pregnancy and postpartum are periods that carry a high risk of illness onset or recurrence in women with severe mental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Having a good control of the symptoms may prevent from risks to both patient and child, due to the important influence that exists on the development of the baby and the mother-infant relationship.
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Jefferson, F., J. C. Ehlen, N. S. Williams, J. J. Montemarano, and K. N. Paul. "A Dopamine Receptor D2-Type Agonist Attenuates the Ability of Stress to Alter Sleep in Mice." Endocrinology 155, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 4411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1134.
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Abstract Although sleep disruptions that accompany stress reduce quality of life and deteriorate health, the mechanisms through which stress alters sleep remain obscure. Psychological stress can alter sleep in a variety of ways, but it has been shown to be particularly influential on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Prolactin (PRL), a sexually dimorphic, stress-sensitive hormone whose basal levels are higher in females, has somnogenic effects on REM sleep. In the current study, we examined the relationship between PRL secretion and REM sleep after restraint stress to determine whether: 1) the ability of stress to increase REM sleep is PRL-dependent, and 2) fluctuating PRL levels underlie sex differences in sleep responses to stress. Because dopamine D2 receptors in the pituitary gland are the primary regulator of PRL secretion, D2 receptor agonist, 1-[(6-allylergolin-8β-yl)-carbonyl]-1-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl]-3-ethylurea (cabergoline), was used to attenuate PRL levels in mice before 1 hour of restraint stress. Mice were implanted with electroencephalographic/electromyographic recording electrodes and received an ip injection of either 0.3-mg/kg cabergoline or vehicle before a control procedure of 1 hour of sleep deprivation by gentle handling during the light phase. Six days after the control procedure, mice received cabergoline or vehicle 15 minutes before 1 hour of restraint stress. Cabergoline blocked the ability of restraint stress to increase REM sleep amount in males but did not alter REM sleep amount after stress in females even though it reduced basal REM sleep amount in female controls. These data provide evidence that the ability for restraint stress to increase REM sleep is dependent on PRL and that sex differences in REM sleep amount may be driven by PRL.
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Kosei, N. V., O. V. Zanko, L. А. Vasylchenko, and N. V. Iarotska. "Experience of using plant complexes in physiological completion of lactation." Reproductive Endocrinology, no. 57 (March 31, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2021.57.54-58.
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Ending breastfeeding is often quite a challenge for women, justifying the need for qualified medical counseling and accompaniment by a doctor. Quite frequently during weaning the baby, women complain about pain, discomfort and swelling of the breasts, which affects their overall physical and psychological well-being. However, due to possible rather serious side effects, medical support for stopping lactation is mostly recommended for women with clinical indications.Research aim: to determine the effectiveness of the proposed method with Normomens for physiological completion of lactation.Materials and methods. The study involved 65 women with an average duration of lactation 9 ± 1.23 months. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 34 women who received Normomens according to the scheme to stop lactation; group 2 included 31 patients who did not receive any medication. Patients were gynecological examined and counseled by oncologist. Patients' diaries included questions about the duration of lactation, presence and severity of mastalgia according to the Visual Analogue Scale, necessity of analgesics, frequency of breast pumping per day, features of psycho-emotional state according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Prolactin levels were also determined at the screening visit and on 25th day after weaning.Results. On the background of Normomens use the process of lactation completion was significantly easier, its completion came mostly on the 3–4 day after drug use, patients almost never complained of pain and discomfort in mammary glands, they less frequently breast pumped and had a more stable psycho-emotional state compared to the control group. Рrolactin level with usage of Normomens had a quick decrease compared to the control group.Conclusion. Normomens using for support the physiological finishing of lactation lead to acceleration of involutive processes in mammary glands, reduces pain severity and prevented psycho-emotional disorders in women.
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Sonino, N., C. Navarrini, C. Ruini, F. Fallo, M. Boscaro, and GA Fava. "Life events in the pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia." European Journal of Endocrinology, July 1, 2004, 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1510061.
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OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the relationship between recent life events and onset of hyperprolactinemia, despite the well-known effect of acute psychological stress on prolactin levels in healthy subjects. Recent life events in patients with hyperprolactinemia compared with healthy controls were investigated. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive patients with hyperprolactinemia (45 females/7 males; mean age 34.9+/-10.1 years, range 18-60 years) and 52 healthy subjects matched for socio-demographic variables were studied. Nineteen patients (18 females/1 male) had no pituitary tumor and were diagnosed as suffering from idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Patients with additional pathology or with high prolactin due to medications were excluded. All patients were interviewed by Paykel Interview for Recent Life Events while on remission after surgery or pharmacological treatment. The time period considered was the year preceding the first signs of hyperprolactinemia, and the year before interview for controls. RESULTS: Patients with hyperprolactinemia reported significantly more life events than control subjects (P<0.001). The same significant difference compared with controls applied to patients with (n=16) and without (n=36) depression. All categories of events (except events that were likely to be under the subject's control) were significantly more frequent. There were no significant differences between patients with prolactinoma (n=33) and those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia (n=19). CONCLUSIONS: Within the complexity of phenomena implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia, our findings emphasize a potential role of emotional stress in either prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors or idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Appraisal of life stress may have implications in clinical assessment (e.g. functional hyperprolactinemia) and decisions (e.g. termination of long-term pharmacological treatment).
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Aldana-Parra, Fanny, Gilma Olaya, and Mary Fewtrell. "Effectiveness of a new approach for exclusive breastfeeding counselling on breastfeeding prevalence, infant growth velocity and postpartum weight loss in overweight or obese women: protocol for a randomized controlled trial." International Breastfeeding Journal 15, no. 1 (January 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13006-019-0249-2.
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Abstract Background Maternal overweight, infant feeding and early growth velocity are risk factors for obesity later in life. The first one thousand days are a window of opportunity to program health and disease. Exclusive breastfeeding may protect against obesity; however, it is not consistently practiced. Obesity rates have been increasing worldwide. Overweight or obese women have lower rates of breastfeeding and face mechanical, psychological and biological difficulties. Breastfeeding counselling is a successful strategy to support breastfeeding in normal weight women; but there is a lack of evidence on its effectiveness in overweight women. Our purpose is to evaluate a new approach to exclusive breastfeeding counselling based on Carl Rogers’ Centred-Client Theory in overweight women, and to examine effects on breastfeeding prevalence, infant growth velocity and maternal postpartum weight loss. Methods A two-arm simple randomized controlled trial will be conducted in overweight and obese women recruited in a Baby Friendly Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. The intervention is exclusive breastfeeding counselling based on Rogers’ theory but adapted for overweight women; it will be performed during the last month of pregnancy, 24 h after delivery and during early infancy (1 and 3 months postpartum). The primary outcomes will be exclusive breastfeeding prevalence, infant growth velocity and maternal weight loss from birth up to 4 months after delivery; and the secondary outcomes will be prolactin and macronutrient levels in breast milk and serum prolactin levels. Intention to treat analysis will be performed to estimate the effect of the new counselling approach compared to standard management on the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, infant growth velocity and maternal weight loss. Discussion We hypothesize that the intervention will result in an increase in the initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding, allowing adequate infant growth velocity and maternal weight loss after delivery. It is hoped that the results of this trial will provide evidence to support public health policy on supporting breastfeeding in this vulnerable group of women. Trial registration (UTN) U1111–1228-9913 February 20th 2019; ISRCTN15922904 February 27th 2019, retrospectively registered.
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Brigante, Giulia, Giorgia Spaggiari, Barbara Rossi, Antonio Granata, Manuela Simoni, and Daniele Santi. "A prospective, observational clinical trial on the impact of COVID-19-related national lockdown on thyroid hormone in young males." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86670-9.
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AbstractTrying to manage the dramatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spread, many countries imposed national lockdown, radically changing the routinely life of humans worldwide. We hypothesized that both the pandemic per se and the consequent socio-psychological sequelae could constitute stressors for Italian population, potentially affecting the endocrine system. This study was designed to describe the effect of lockdown-related stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in a cohort of young men. A prospective, observational clinical trial was carried out, including patients attending the male infertility outpatient clinic before and after the national lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic. The study provided a baseline visit performed before and a follow-up visit after the lockdown in 2020. During the follow-up visit, hormonal measurements, lifestyle habits and work management were recorded. Thirty-one male subjects were enrolled (mean age: 31.6 ± 6.0 years). TSH significantly decreased after lockdown (p = 0.015), whereas no significant changes were observed in the testosterone, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and prolactin serum levels. No patient showed TSH serum levels above or below reference ranges, neither before nor after lockdown. Interestingly, TSH variation after lockdown was dependent on the working habit change during lockdown (p = 0.042). We described for the first time a TSH reduction after a stressful event in a prospective way, evaluating the HPT axis in the same population, before and after the national lockdown. This result reinforces the possible interconnection between psychological consequences of a stressful event and the endocrine regulation.
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Oka, Takakazu, Tokusei Tanahashi, Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren, and Yu Yamada. "The longitudinal effects of seated isometric yoga on blood biomarkers, autonomic functions, and psychological parameters of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot study." BioPsychoSocial Medicine 13, no. 1 (November 5, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13030-019-0168-x.
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Abstract Background In a previous randomized controlled trial, we found that practicing seated isometric yoga regularly for 2 months improved the fatigue of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) who are resistant to conventional therapy. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the possible mechanisms behind this finding by comparing blood biomarkers, autonomic nervous function, and psychological indices before versus after an intervention period of seated isometric yoga practice. Methods Fifteen patients with CFS who did not show satisfactory improvements after at least 6 months of conventional therapy practiced seated isometric yoga (biweekly 20-min sessions with a yoga instructor and daily practice at home) for 2 months. The longitudinal effects of seated isometric yoga on fatigue, blood biomarkers, autonomic function, and psychological state were investigated by comparing the following parameters before and after the intervention period: Fatigue severity was assessed by the Chalder fatigue scale (FS) score. Levels of the blood biomarkers cortisol, DHEA-S, TNF-α, IL-6, prolactin, carnitine, TGF-β1, BDNF, MHPG, HVA, and α-MSH were measured. The autonomic nervous functions assessed were heart rate (HR) and HR variability. Psychological indices included the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Practicing seated isometric yoga for 2 months resulted in significant reductions in the Chalder FS (P = 0.002) and HADS-depression (P = 0.02) scores. No significant changes were observed in any other parameter evaluated. The change in Chalder FS score was not correlated with the change in HADS-depression score. However, this change was positively correlated with changes in the serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.048), the high frequency component of HR variability (P = 0.042), and TAS-20 scores (P = 0.001). Conclusions Regular practice of seated isometric yoga for 2 months reduced the fatigue and depressive symptom scores of patients with CFS without affecting any other parameters we investigated. This study failed to identify the markers responsible for the longitudinal fatigue-relieving effect of seated isometric yoga. However, considering that the reduced fatigue was associated with decreased serum TNF-α level and TAS-20 scores, fatigue improvement might be related to reduced inflammation and improved alexithymia in these patients. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000009646. Registered Dec 27, 2012.
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Cadegiani, Flavio A., and Pedro Luiz H. da Silva. "MON-LB311 Clinical Guidelines for the Research on the Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport." Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2333.
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Abstract Background: The importance of physical activity has achieved levels that has been recognized by as a major world public health game changer, which positively engaged a growing number of subjects to become physically active. While effects of exercise on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems are well described, little is known regarding hormonal adapted physiology in athletes, as well as how to detect and manage endocrine abnormalities in physically active subjects. Methodological issues and inconsistent findings precluded from a structured understanding of the endocrinology physiology of physical activity and sport. The objective of the present guideline is to uniformize the design and assessment methods of further studies in the field, based on standardized hormonal and metabolic parameters, and dynamic testings. Methods: Guidelines were actively searched within endocrinology, sports medicine, and cardiology societies. Systematic search on PubMed and Cochrane databases for the expressions “(name of the parameter or test)” + “exercise” or “athlete(s)” or “sport(s)” or “validation” or “standardization. Guidelines, consensus, statements, original studies, and reviews that standardized, validated, or proposed parameters and tests that could be potentially employed for the research on physical activity and sport were included.Results: Parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF1), and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes, prolactin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), catecholamines and adrenal medulla, bone, water, glucose, and lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue and muscle endocrine profile were analyzed and classified according to the level of standardization, feasibility, and potential roles in physical activity and sport, and recommended accordingly. Recommendations on the characterization of the studied population, including eating, sleeping, social, psychological, and training patterns were depicted. Conclusion: The research on the endocrinology of physical activity and sport requires standardization and uniformization regarding the description of baseline and training characteristics, and which parameters and tests should be employed. These improvements will allow the development of a more structured and comprehensive knowledge on the field, based on comparative joint analyses of further researches, that should employ well-established parameters and adequately controlled for confounding variables.
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Gocan, Anca G., Doris Bachg, Adolf E. Schindler, and Uwe D. Rohr. "Balancing steroidal hormone cascade in treatment-resistant veteran soldiers with PTSD using a fermented soy product (FSWW08): a pilot study." Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation 10, no. 3 (January 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2011-0135.
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AbstractA clinical study was conducted to determine steroidal hormone cascade in the blood to relate them to mental performance with the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale (CAPS), serum lipid concentrations, and steroidal hormones, particularly cortisol, testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and pregnenolone, in treatment-resistant male veterans with combat-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) before and after consumption of a special fermented soy formulation (FSWW08). Admitted veterans in the study were resistant to conventional psychological and pharmacological therapies.Ten treatment-resistant soldiers with combat-related PTSD (according to theFSWW08 increased blood levels of steroids, such as testosterone, estradiol, and particularly the adrenal hormones cortisol and androstenediol. Decreased steroidal hormones from the upper part of the hormone cascade, such as cholesterol, DHEA, and pregnenolone were experienced. The arteriosclerotic risk was reduced (cholesterol, 280±35 to 205±22 mmol/L, p<0.001; triglycerides, 645±267 to 161±22 mg/dL, p<0.001; very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 312±112 to 151±20 mg/dL, p<0.001; homocysteine in serum (i.s.), 26±4 to 11.8±2.1 μmol/L, p<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was significantly lower after consumption of FSWW08 (51±15 to 89±7.8 mg/dL, p<0.001). FSWW08 significantly reduced mental symptoms according to CAPS after 7 days throughout the 6-month study. Insomnia (estradiol increased from 53±24 to 88±41 pg/L), breathing disorders (may be related to increased aldosterone) are hormone dependent and were corrected in those with insomnia. The increase in testosterone and decrease in prolactin was corroborated by an increase in sex drive and improved partner relationships. Common immunity disorders of the veterans, such as increased herpes labialis, flu-like syndromes, and stomach pain were resolved in all veterans and was corroborated by significant improvements in immunologic cytokines: tumor necrosis factor α was reduced (from 13.5±0.4 to 9.0±1.4 pg/mL, p<0.001) and interleukin β (from 7.0±0.5 to 4.5±1.8 pg/mL) and interferon γ (from 10.4±2.4 to 6.3±1.5 pg/mL, p=0.001) were also detected. PTSD is associated with clinically elevated leukocytes and lymphocytes, which are reduced by FSWW08 as well.It is the first time that the normalization of the whole steroidal hormone cascade in the blood could be correlated with improvements in mental and physical parameters (especially metabolic and immunologic disorders) in veterans with combat-related and treatment-resistant PTSD. Studies of FSWW08 in larger cohorts and over longer periods of time, as well as dosing effects, have to be conducted to validate these results.