Academic literature on the topic 'Prolactin – Psychological effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prolactin – Psychological effect"
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Huron, David. "Why is Sad Music Pleasurable? A Possible Role for Prolactin." Musicae Scientiae 15, no. 2 (July 2011): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986491101500202.
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A hedonic theory of music and sadness is proposed. Some listeners report that nominally sad music genuinely makes them feel sad. It is suggested that, for these listeners, sad affect is evoked through a combination of empathetic responses to sad acoustic features, learned associations, and cognitive rumination. Among those listeners who report sad feelings, some report an accompanying positive affect, whereas others report the experience to be solely negative. Levels of the hormone prolactin increase when sad – producing a consoling psychological effect suggestive of a homeostatic function. It is proposed that variations in prolactin levels might account for the variability in individual hedonic responses. Specifically, it is conjectured that high prolactin concentrations are associated with pleasurable music-induced sadness, whereas low prolactin concentrations are associated with unpleasant music-induced sadness.
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Huron, David. "Why is sad music pleasurable? A possible role for prolactin." Musicae Scientiae 15, no. 2 (July 2011): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864911401171.
Full textAbstract:
A hedonic theory of music and sadness is proposed. Some listeners report that nominally sad music genuinely makes them feel sad. It is suggested that, for these listeners, sad affect is evoked through a combination of empathetic responses to sad acoustic features, learned associations, and cognitive rumination. Among those listeners who report sad feelings, some report an accompanying positive affect, whereas others report the experience to be solely negative. Levels of the hormone prolactin increase when sad – producing a consoling psychological effect suggestive of a homeostatic function. It is proposed that variations in prolactin levels might account for the variability in individual hedonic responses. Specifically, it is conjectured that high prolactin concentrations are associated with pleasurable music-induced sadness, whereas low prolactin concentrations are associated with unpleasant music-induced sadness.
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Pfister, H. Peter, and Janice L. Muir. "Psychological Stress and Administered Oxytocin During Pregnancy: Effect Corticosterone and Prolactin Response in Lactating Rats." International Journal of Neuroscience 45, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00207458908986220.
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Bingaman, E. W., L. D. Van de Kar, J. M. Yracheta, Q. Li, and T. S. Gray. "Castration attenuates prolactin response but potentiates ACTH response to conditioned stress in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): R856—R863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.4.r856.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of circulating androgens on neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. The effects of conditioned stress were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were intact, gonadectomized, or gonadectomized and treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Intact animals received sham surgeries. Animals were stressed 3 wk after surgery. The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response to conditioned stress was significantly potentiated (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized DHT-treated animals. In stressed rats, plasma corticosterone levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in gonadectomized animals compared with DHT-treated castrates. The prolactin response to stress was decreased (P < 0.01) in gonadectomized males compared with sham-operated and gonadectomized DHT-treated rats. The stress-induced increases in plasma renin activity and concentration were not altered in gonadectomized or in gonadectomized DHT-treated animals. Nonstressed DHT-treated castrates exhibited more “fearlike” behavior compared with nonstressed sham-operated and gonadectomized animals. However, conditioned stress produced the same behavioral effects in all treatment groups. The results demonstrate that the ACTH/corticosterone, prolactin, and behavioral responses to a psychological stressor are differentially regulated by circulating androgens.
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Anderson, I. M., M. Parry-Billings, E. A. Newsholme, C. G. Fairburn, and P. J. Cowen. "Dieting reduces plasma tryptophan and alters brain 5-HT function in women." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 4 (November 1990): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036473.
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SynopsisA three week low calorie diet significantly reduced both total plasma tryptophan and the ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids in a group of 15 healthy volunteers. Despite a similar percentage weight loss the reduction in plasma tryptophan was greater in women than men. In addition, only in women was dieting associated with increased prolactin secretion following intravenous tryptophan, a measure of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function. These results suggest that dieting reduces the availability of circulating tryptophan for brain 5-HT synthesis. Women appear more vulnerable than men both to this effect and to its consequences for brain 5-HT function. Altered brain 5-HT function may play a part in some of the psychological consequences of dieting, including the development of clinical eating disorders.
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Farrell, P. A., A. B. Gustafson, T. L. Garthwaite, R. K. Kalkhoff, A. W. Cowley, and W. P. Morgan. "Influence of endogenous opioids on the response of selected hormones to exercise in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1051.
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To examine the influence of endogenous opioids on the hormonal response to isotonic exercise, eight males were studied 2 h after oral administration of placebo or 50 mg naltrexone, a long-lasting opioid antagonist. Venous blood samples were obtained before, during, and after 30 min of bicycle exercise at 70% VO2max. Naltrexone had no effect on resting cardiovascular, endocrine, or serum variables. During exercise epinephrine was higher [mean 433 +/- 100 (SE) pg/ml] at 30 min with naltrexone than during placebo (207 +/- 26 pg/ml, P less than 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine showed the same trend but the difference (2,012 +/- 340 pg/ml with naltrexone and 1,562 +/- 241 pg/ml with placebo) was not significant. Plasma glucose was higher at all times with naltrexone. However, the difference was significant only 10 min into recovery from exercise (104.7 +/- 4.7 vs. 94.5 +/- 2.8 mg/dl). Plasma growth hormone and cortisol increased during recovery and these elevations were significantly (P less than 0.05) augmented by naltrexone. Plasma vasopressin and prolactin increased with exercise as did heart rate, blood pressure, lactic acid, and several serum components; these increases were not affected by naltrexone. Psychological tension or anxiety was lower after exercise compared with before and this improved psychological state was not influenced by the naltrexone treatment. These data suggest that exercise-induced activation of the endogenous opioid system may serve to regulate the secretion of several important hormones (i.e., epinephrine) during and after exercise.
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Rahmawati, Anita, and Bisepta Prayogi. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Breastmilk Production on Breastfeeding Working Mothers." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v4i2.art.p134-140.
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Working mom's busyness affects the physical and psychological condition of the mother inhibiting the smoothness of milk production. The application of hypnobreastfeeding makes the mother relaxation so as to increase the hormone prolactin and oxytocin for smooth milk production. The procedure of hypnobreastfeeding by giving a positive suggestion/affirmation sentence in the mother's unconscious mind can increase the mother's confidence in the breastfeeding process. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of hypnobreastfeeding on breast milk production on breastfeeding working mothers. This study used one group pretest posttest design. 25 breastfeeding working mothers were taken by consecutive samping. Hypnobreastfeeding is done independently after being given 1x workshop and performed every day at least 2x a day before breastfeeding. Breastmilk production is measured for 7 days before and after hypnobreastfeeding using a measuring cup based on the volume of dairy milk in a day. The average milk production before treatment 210 ml / day and after treatment to 255 ml / day. Data analysis using paired t-test with significant value α = 0,05 got p value = 0.000 indicating hypnobreastfeeding effect to milk production in working breastfeeding mother. Nurses or other health workers may recommend hypnobreastfeeding as one of the lactation management methods to increase breastfeeding production, especially in working breastfeeding mothers. Keywords: hypnobreastfeeding,breast milk production, breastfeeding working mothers
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Semple, C. G., C. E. Gray, W. Borland, C. A. Espie, and G. H. Beastall. "Endocrine effects of examination stress." Clinical Science 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0740255.
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1. We have studied endocrine function in nine healthy young men 16 weeks before and immediately after Final degree examinations. Factors other than psychological stress which might have affected hormone levels were excluded. 2. The presence of psychological stress at the time of examinations was confirmed by finding increased values for two self-rating anxiety scales. 3. Urine metadrenaline excretion was increased in all subjects at the time of examination. Serum and early morning urine Cortisol as well as pituitary–testicular and pituitary–thyroid function and prolactin levels were unaffected by examination stress. 4. This study questions the popular belief that psychological stress stimulates prolactin secretion and suppresses pituitary–testicular function.
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Wiechno, P. J., M. A. Sadowska, K. S. Kubiak, T. Demkow, and J. Kaminska. "Hormonal status and the quality of life of testicular cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 4548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4548.
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4548 Background: Testicular cancer is a highly curable neoplasm and treated patients may potentially survive many decades. The aim of the study was to assess the rate of hormonal abnormalities among testicular cancer survivors and the effect of these changes on patients’ quality of life. Methods: Men with complete remission of testicular cancer lasting over 2 years were eligible. Patients completed State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF), Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) and rated their physical and psychological well-being, quality of life and relationship with partners. Levels of the following hormons were determined: testosterone, estradiol, thyreotropin, folicule stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. Relations between hormone levels and questionaires results were analysed. Results: A total of 326 men were tested from November 2004 till December 2005. Median age was 37 years (range: 18–72). Median disease free survival was 59 months (range: 19–291). Only 24% of patients had all tested hormones within normal ranges. The most common of endocrine abnormalities were gonadotropins over normal (LH - 55% and FSH - 49% of cases) and lowered testosterone (15%). Percentage of patients with abnormal anxiety levels was 27% (STAI) and 28% (HADS), depression rate was 15% (BDI) and 18% (HADS), 40% of patients had erectile disfunction. Hormone levels and scores of the used scales corelated strongly with patients’ age, then a linear regression analysis was performed to exclude the influence of age factor. It was shown that higher depression levels in BDI are found amongst patients with elevated LH (p = 0.010) or FSH (p = 0.017). Men with higher than normal FSH were more anxious in STAI (p = 0.026). Patients with overnormal LH shown more sexual problems in SFQ (p = 0.030). Abnormal gonadotropins levels corelated with a deteriorated physical well-being (p = 0.028). Men with abnormal estradiol were more prone to erectile disfunction (p = 0.009). Conclusions: Hormonal abnormalities are frequent among testicular cancer survivors and have negative impact on the patients’ physical and psychological well-being as well as on their sexual functioning. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Vizir, Vadym A., Olesia V. Nasonenko, Olexandr V. Demidenko, and Anton S. Sadomov. "PROLACTIN IN HYPERTENSIVE MEN WITH ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY: AN ÉMINENCE GRISE?" Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 3 (2019): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201903108.
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Introduction: Considering significant gap of convincing knowledge in the field of cardiovascular effects of prolactin and its role as a stress hormone in men precise investigations of these peculiarities has become necessary. The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of prolactin concentration with parameters of arterial stiffness in hypertensive men with low testosterone. Materials and methods: In total 83 men were examined including 27 apparently healthy individuals as the control group. Physical examination, ABPM, non-invasive evaluation of arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics parameters, answering AMS questionnaire, evaluation of total testosterone and prolactin levels using ELISA were performed. Results: Initially 56 hypertensive patients were divided into 2 groups with regard to their total testosterone level: group 1 included 31 hypogonadal men, group 2 - 25 male patients who had their testosterone concentrations within the normal range. Prolactin levels appeared to be significantly higher in hypertensive men with lower testosterone, they had more unfavorable parameters of arterial stiffness and the difference between 1 and 2 group in terms of central aoSBP and aoPWV became statistically significant. Prolactin concentration was not related with RWTT and index Aix% 75, a significant correlation was observed between prolactin and aoPWV. A strong correlation was found between prolactin concentration and psychological symptoms in AMS. Conclusion: Our study suggests the positive association of prolactin concentration with psychological domain of andropause symptoms and worse parameters of arterial stiffness among hypertensive men with androgen deficiency.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prolactin – Psychological effect"
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Oakes, Samantha Richelle St Vincent's Clinical School UNSW. "Investigation of the role of prolactin in mammary gland development and carcinogenesis." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Clinical School, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/28846.
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The pituitary hormone prolactin (Prl) is essential for alveolar morphogenesis and plays a role in breast carcinogenesis, however the mechanism that underlies these actions remains to be defined. Alterations in serum Prl provide the primary endocrine signal regulating developmental events in the mammary gland in sexually mature mammals. Prl production and post-translational phosphorylation by the pituitary is regulated by the neuropeptide Galanin (Gal) in response to hypothalamic signals integrating neuronal and endocrine inputs. Prl exerts its effects on the mammary epithelium in two ways, indirectly by modulation of the systemic hormonal environment, for example the release of progesterone from the corpus luteum, and directly by binding to Prl receptors (Prlr) within the mammary epithelium. Prl binding to Prlr initiates signalling predominantly via activation of the Jak2/Stat5 pathway, leading to altered patterns of gene transcription. One of these target genes is the ets transcription factor Elf5, which is required by the epithelium for alveolar morphogenesis. This thesis aims to further our understanding of the mechanisms by which prolactin exerts its influence on the mammary gland during alveolar morphogenesis and carcinogenesis. Transcript profiling revealed a lactation signature of 35 genes in Prlr+/- mice, Gal-/- mice and mice treated with a Prl mutant (S179D) that mimics phosphorylated Prl. We discovered that the majority of changes in gene expression were produced by prolactin rather than by Gal. The action of Gal was predominantly via modulation of Prl phosphorylation and release, as its effects were very similar to that of S179D. Knockout of Elf5 phenocopied knockout of Prlr, resulting in failure of alveolar morphogenesis and reduced expression of milk and lipid synthesis genes. Forced Elf5 expression at puberty resulted in aberrant differentiation of the terminal end buds and milk protein synthesis during ductal morphogenesis. Re-expression of Elf5 in Prlr-/- mammary epithelial cells completely rescued alveolar morphogenesis. These observations indicate that Elf5 is a master regulator of alveolar morphogenesis downstream of the Prlr. Loss of mammary epithelial Prlr resulted in reduced proliferation of low-grade neoplastic lesions resulting in increased tumour latency in the C3(1)/SV40T model of mammary carcinogenesis. There was no change in the growth rate, proliferation nor the morphology of tumours in Prlr-/-/C3(1)/SV40T transplants, thus Prl acts early in carcinogenesis to drive the proliferation of pre-invasive lesions resulting in faster progression to cancer.