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Gluzman Poltorak, Zoya, Vainstein Vladimir, and Lena A. Basile. "Association of Hematological Nadirs and Survival in a Non-Human Primate Model of Hematopoietic Syndrome of Acute Radiation Syndrome." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4354.4354.
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Abstract Recombinant human interleukin-12 (rHuIL-12, HemaMaxTM) is being developed for mitigation of HSARS under the FDA Animal Rule using a NHP model of HSARS for proof of efficacy and clinical studies in healthy human subjects to demonstrate safety. We have shown previously that a single injection of rHuIL-12 administered 24-25 hours after lethal total body irradiaton (TBI), in the absence of antibiotics, fluids or blood products, resulted in improved survival while filgrastim (G-CSF) did not provide any survival benefit in our NHP HSARS model (Basile et al 2012, Gluzman-Poltorak et al 2014, Gluzman-Poltorak et al 2014). The mechanism by which IL-12 mitigates HSARS following TBI appears to involve multiple effects of IL-12 on hematopoieses. In our previous studies, animals treated with rHuIL-12 showed statistically significant reductions in the occurrence of severe neutropenia and severe thrombocytopenia, as well as attenuated nadirs for lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and reticulocytes. To characterize further relationship between survival and hematological nadirs (lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, RBCs and reticulocytes) in the rhesus model of HSARS and to better understand the effects of rHuIL-12 versus G-CSF on blood cell nadirs, we undertook a meta-analysis analysis across three studies in irradiated rhesus monkeys. Animals used in this analysis were irradiated (700 cGy) and treated with a single subcutaneous injection of vehicle (n=64) or rHuIL-12 50-500ng/kg (n=108) 24-25 hours after irradiation, or daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF at 10μg/kg/d for 18 days starting 24-25 hours after irradiation (n=26). Males and females were equal in each group. Lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets were significantly lower in decedents versus monkeys that survived to day 60 overall and this was true in each treatment group (p<0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean RBC nadir was significantly higher in survivors compared to non-survivors in the rHuIL-12 group (p = 0.008), but not in the control group or the G-CSF group. Lymphocytes nadir appears to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of death followed by neutrophils and platelets (Spearman’s rank correlation). RBCs and reticulocytes are less informative in terms of predicting survival status. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area under the curve (AUC) by nadir value was assessed. The operating characteristics for lymphocytes, neutrophils and platelets allow for relatively large positive predictive values (PPV) of death with relatively high sensitivity. A cutoff value for lymphocytes nadir of 0.08x109/L (values less than or equal predicting death and higher values predicting life) allows for largest PPVs (97.2% and 92.5%) with 76.1% and 62.7% sensitivities for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. A cutoff value for neutrophils nadir of 0.03x109/L permits for 84% and 71.1% PPVs with sensitivities of 91.3% and 91.5 % for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. A cutoff value for platelets nadir of 9x109/L permits for 84.1% and 76.8% PPVs with sensitivities of 80.4% and 72.9 % for control and rHuIL-12 treatments, respectively. RBCs and reticulocytes were found less informative. To conclude, in the rhesus model of HSARS we have observed that an augmented hematological nadirs generally predicts an increased potential for survival as this effect reflects early bone marrow regeneration. The nadir for lymphocytes appears to be the strongest and most consistent predictor of death. Decrease of lymphocyte counts has been established as a best marker of bone marrow damage in a large database of human victims of acute radiation (METREPOL, Fliedner et al 2001). Thus, the correlation of our results with the human data supports the validity of our animal model as an accurate representation of human HSARS and its ability to predict effectiveness in humans exposed to lethal radiation. These data also suggest that the significant increase in early bone marrow regeneration seen in our studies, resulting in increases in nadir values for all major blood cell types, may be the main mechanism of action by which rHuIL-12 mitigates the lethality of HSARS. This project has been entirely funded with Federal funds from BARDA/ASPR/DHHS under Contract No. HHSO100201100037C. Disclosures Gluzman Poltorak: Neumedicines Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Vladimir:Neumedicines Inc.: Consultancy, Employment, Equity Ownership. Basile:Neumedicines Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Neumedicines Inc. Patents & Royalties.
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Sigaloff, Chris. "Kunst brengt buren nader tot elkaar." AGORA Magazine 15, no. 3 (March 3, 2019): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v15i3.10177.
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In het najaar van 1998 vond het project ·overburen' plaats in de kunstinstelling Lokaal 01 te Breda. Het project betrof een tentoonstelling, gemaakt over en door de directe buren van de kunstinstelling. Het project experimenteerde met de vraag hoe je bewoners in een wijk kunt laten participeren in een kunstproject, zodat zij meer in aanraking komen met elkaar en met de kunstinstelling.
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Gadji, Dji Malla. "Ambassatna Nadif: An experimental household-rubbish collection project." Development in Practice 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096145249100076061.
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Neumark, Devora. "Reprendre le fil de la trame narrative." Articles 27, no. 2 (January 5, 2015): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027921ar.
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L’oralité (storytelling) en tant que pratique artistique dans le Québec d’aujourd’hui allant à l’encontre des exposés narratifs publics courants, le projet Picking Up the Storylines (« Reprendre le fil de la trame narrative ») interroge les paramètres et les résultats du processus public de la storytelling. La Charte des valeurs québécoises et la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation du Canada y sont relues en parallèle avec le Scar Project (projet Cicatrice), de Nadia Myre, et le travail du Living History Ensemble, dans le contexte du projet Life Stories of Montrealers Displaced by War, Genocide and Human Rights Violations (« Récits de vie de Montréalais et Montréalaises déplacées par la guerre, le génocide et les violations des droits de la personne »). Une telle comparaison appelle une analyse critique en vue de déterminer quand et comment les récits supprimés, ignorés et inédits de personnes marginalisées peuvent contribuer à l’instauration de politiques libératoires.
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De Smedt, Isabelle, Nicolas Theys, Huan Yu, Thomas Danckaert, Christophe Lerot, Steven Compernolle, Michel Van Roozendael, et al. "Algorithm theoretical baseline for formaldehyde retrievals from S5P TROPOMI and from the QA4ECV project." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 4 (April 26, 2018): 2395–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2395-2018.
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Abstract. On board the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) platform, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is a double-channel, nadir-viewing grating spectrometer measuring solar back-scattered earthshine radiances in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared with global daily coverage. In the ultraviolet range, its spectral resolution and radiometric performance are equivalent to those of its predecessor OMI, but its horizontal resolution at true nadir is improved by an order of magnitude. This paper introduces the formaldehyde (HCHO) tropospheric vertical column retrieval algorithm implemented in the S5P operational processor and comprehensively describes its various retrieval steps. Furthermore, algorithmic improvements developed in the framework of the EU FP7-project QA4ECV are described for future updates of the processor. Detailed error estimates are discussed in the light of Copernicus user requirements and needs for validation are highlighted. Finally, verification results based on the application of the algorithm to OMI measurements are presented, demonstrating the performances expected for TROPOMI.
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Nikolakopoulos, K. G., and A. Kyriou. "EVALUATING A NADIR AND AN OBLIQUE CAMERA FOR 3D INFRASTRUCTURE (CITY) MODEL GENERATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W3-2023 (October 19, 2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w3-2023-131-2023.
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Abstract. The analysis of Earth’s surface is strongly associated with the creation of three dimensional representations. In light of this, researchers involved in any realm of research as, geological, hydrological, ecological planning, city modelling, civil infrastructure monitoring, disaster management and emergency response, require 3D information of high fidelity and accuracy. For many decades, aerial photos or satellite data and photogrammetry provided the necessary information. In recent years, high-resolution imagery acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has become a cost-efficient and quite accurate solution. In this framework, an infrastructure-monitoring project, named called “PROION”, focuses among others on the generation of very fine and highly accurate 3D infrastructure (city) model. The specific study evaluates a high-resolution nadir camera and an oblique camera for the creation of a 3D representation of the Patras University Campus. During the project, two identical flights over a part of the campus were conducted. The flights were performed with a vertical take-off and landing (Vtol) fixed wind UAV equipped with PPK receiver on-board. Based on the conducted flights, many data sets have been evaluated regarding the accuracy and fidelity. It was proved that both nadir and oblique cameras produced very accurate 3D representations of the University campus buildings. The RMSE error of the nadir imagery is almost two times higher than the respective error of the oblique imagery reaching 30cm.
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Motz, M., G. Kemper, and D. Ciobanu. "ACCURACY VALIDATION OF TILTED CAMERA SETUPS IN OPEN SKIES PROJECT AND MAPPING APPLICATIONS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2021 (June 28, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2021-77-2021.
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Abstract. Signed March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty permits each state-party to conduct short-notice, unarmed, reconnaissance flights over the others' entire territories to collect data on military forces and activities. Observation aircraft equipped with sensors shall enable the observing party to identify significant military equipment. The Open Skies Treaty agreed on an observation of 30cm GSD. Based on 8 mid-format cameras for 3 flight levels, a system was adjusted to comply with the regulations. However, the overall aim was to also use the system for mapping purposes in Romania, specifically the medium altitude configuration. From this medium altitude configuration, one specific combination raised our interest. The designed wide corridor mapping system, using two RGB tilted cameras and one RGB nadir camera generates a certain range of resolution of the sideward looking tilted cameras and a non-homogenous distribution of the GSD in the overlapping areas. While a reduction of the GSD in the remote parts of the tilted cameras is a well-known and accepted fact, the effect in the overlap of the tilted cameras with the nadir one is the opposite mathematically. In some cases, such an effect can cause a better GSD in these areas than expected.
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Garnaud, Benjamin, and Julien Rochette. "Rôle et limites de l'approche projet dans l'aménagement du littoral à Nador (Maroc)." Revue Tiers Monde 211, no. 3 (2012): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rtm.211.0169.
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O'Brien, Joseph J., E. Louise Loudermilk, Benjamin Hornsby, Andrew T. Hudak, Benjamin C. Bright, Matthew B. Dickinson, J. Kevin Hiers, Casey Teske, and Roger D. Ottmar. "High-resolution infrared thermography for capturing wildland fire behaviour: RxCADRE 2012." International Journal of Wildland Fire 25, no. 1 (2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf14165.
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Wildland fire radiant energy emission is one of the only measurements of combustion that can be made at wide spatial extents and high temporal and spatial resolutions. Furthermore, spatially and temporally explicit measurements are critical for making inferences about fire effects and useful for examining patterns of fire spread. In this study we describe our methods for capturing and analysing spatially and temporally explicit long-wave infrared (LWIR) imagery from the RxCADRE (Prescribed Fire Combustion and Atmospheric Dynamics Research Experiment) project and examine the usefulness of these data in investigating fire behaviour and effects. We compare LWIR imagery captured at fine and moderate spatial and temporal resolutions (from 1 cm2 to 1 m2; and from 0.12 to 1 Hz) using both nadir and oblique measurements. We analyse fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of fire radiant power and energy released in several experimental burns. There was concurrence between the measurements, although the oblique view estimates of fire radiative power were consistently higher than the nadir view estimates. The nadir measurements illustrate the significance of fuel characteristics, particularly type and connectivity, in driving spatial variability at fine scales. The nadir and oblique measurements illustrate the usefulness of the data for describing the location and movement of the fire front at discrete moments in time at these fine and moderate resolutions. Spatially and temporally resolved data from these techniques show promise to effectively link the combustion environment with post-fire processes, remote sensing at larger scales and wildland fire modelling efforts.
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Vacheron, Albert, Anand Saha, Kevin Coughlin, A. X. Freire, and Sue Theus. "0512 Apnea-Hypopnea Index does not correlate with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease scores." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0512.
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Abstract Introduction Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are two conditions that have increased in prevalence in the United States. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver disease ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis. The purpose of this project is to study the relationship between OSA, measured by apnea-hypopnea index and/or arterial oxygen saturation nadir (O2 nadir) during sleep (independent variable) vs. extent of NAFLD as measured by non-invasive scores such as NAFLD Fibrosis score, aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), BARD score and FIB-4 score (dependent variable). Methods A convenient sample of 91 haphazardly selected veterans with OSA and NAFLD from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Computerized Record System (CPRS) system were included in the study. NAFLD eligibility was determined by abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or biopsy. Dependent variables were NAFLD scores of APRI, NAFLD Fibrosis, BARD, and FIB-4. OSA was determined by in-lab polysomnogram or home sleep study. Independent variables were AHI, O2 nadir, age and body mass index (BMI). Patients with a history of alcohol abuse or Hepatitis B or C were excluded from the study. A multiple regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between OSA and NAFLD scores. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Age correlated with FIB-4 score, BARD score, and NAFLD fibrosis score (p = < 0.001, 0.003, < 0.001, respectively). BMI correlated with NAFLD fibrosis score (p < 0.001). When controlled for age and BMI, AHI and O2 nadir did not correlate with APRI, NAFLD fibrosis, BARD, or FIB-4 scores. Conclusion OSA measured by AHI and O2 nadir do not correlate with severity of fatty liver disease as measured by APRI, NAFLD fibrosis, BARD, or FIB-4 scores. Support (if any) None
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Chen, Sijie, Chonghui Cheng, Xingying Zhang, Lin Su, Bowen Tong, Changzhe Dong, Fu Wang, Binglong Chen, Weibiao Chen, and Dong Liu. "Construction of Nighttime Cloud Layer Height and Classification of Cloud Types." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040668.
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A cloud structure construction algorithm adapted for the nighttime condition is proposed and evaluated. The algorithm expands the vertical information inferred from spaceborne radar and lidar via matching of infrared (IR) radiances and other properties at off-nadir locations with their counterparts that are collocated with active footprints. This nighttime spectral radiance matching (NSRM) method is tested using measurements from CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Cloud layer heights are estimated up to 400 km on both sides of the ground track and reconstructed with the dead zone setting for an approximate evaluation of the reliability. By mimicking off-nadir pixels with a dead zone around pixels along the ground track, reconstruction of nadir profiles shows that, at 200 km from the ground track, the cloud top height (CTH) and the cloud base height (CBH) reconstructed by the NSRM method are within 1.49 km and 1.81 km of the original measurements, respectively. The constructed cloud structure is utilized for cloud classification in the nighttime. The same method is applied to the daytime measurements for comparison with collocated MODIS classification based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) standard. The comparison of eight cloud types over the expanded distance shows good agreement in general.
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Prakash, Sruthy. "Oppression of Women in Nadia Murad’s Memoir The Last Girl." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (2022): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.73.22.
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The project is entitled Oppression of women in Nadia Murad’s memoir The Last Girl. The work is published in November 2017. In the book, she describes how she was captured and enslaved by Islamic state militants during the Second Iraqi civil war. The project tries to analyze the oppression of Iraqi women, especially Yazidi women in the backdrop of terrorism with feminist theory. The analysis is undertaken in three chapters. The first session is a brief introduction into the work, the author and the situation of Yazidi women portrayed in the work. The second session gives an overview of feminism and to give the indicators of women’s oppression, discrimination and sexual objectification in the work to prove that oppression of women still persists. And the third session is the conclusion.
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Almeida, Gabriela Perissinotto de, Ana Lúcia Pastore Schritzmeyer, and Carmem Lúcia Rodrigues. "Cinema e direitos humanos (das mulheres): sentir e pensar potencializados." Revista Direito e Práxis 12, no. 4 (December 2021): 2876–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2021/62915.
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Resumo Neste artigo, relatamos a experiência do projeto de extensão Ciclo de Estudos e Cine-debates entre o DiHCA (UNIFAL) e o NADIR (USP), com destaque para o terceiro de quatro encontros cujo tema foi a violência de gênero. Tanto no projeto quanto neste texto, convergem os objetivos de apresentar o cinema como recurso pedagógico na difusão dos direitos humanos e de fomentar o uso do documentário brasileiro Silêncio das Inocentes para discussões sobre violência contra mulheres. O projeto mostrou-se potente tanto pela sensibilização teórico-política promovida pelos encontros quanto pelo envolvimento das(os) estudantes, tornando-se um fator protetivo em tempos de pandemia, o que esperamos que se amplie para outros públicos que leiam este texto.
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Augusto Martins, Alexandre, and Maria Augusta Justi Pisani. "ARQUITETURA RESILIENTE JUNTO AO TÂMEGA." Revista Projetar - Projeto e Percepção do Ambiente 7, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2448-296x.2022v7n3id28398.
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Esta pesquisa estuda como Álvaro Siza concebeu o projeto do Museu de Arte Contemporânea Nadir Afonso (MACNA), em Portugal. Toma a própria obra como objeto de investigação e propõe, a partir dela, uma análise de bases inferencial e teleológica. Explica o equacionamento de um projeto arquitetônico conformado pelo local de implantação em frente ribeirinha, em terreno alagável, situado na transição entre natureza e tecido urbano, e que até as benfeitorias trazidas pela iniciativa federal do “Programa Polis” manteve-se aquém de seu real potencial urbano e paisagístico. Reflete, nesse contexto, sobre a maneira pela qual o arquiteto articulou e conjugou em sua obra as tensões vindas de realidades tão diferentes. Ressalta a importância dada à interação edificação-entorno a partir da qual foi concebida uma arquitetura em bloco único, de contornos levemente fragmentados, resiliente às cheias (já que parcialmente elevada do solo), coerente e criticamente ajustada às preexistências. Apresenta, ao longo do texto, algumas interpretações feitas pelo arquiteto sobre a arte pictórica de Nadir Afonso e como elas foram transpostas e incorporadas ao desenho do museu. Por fim, entende-se que ao assumir um confronto reflexivo para com a realidade local, Álvaro Siza projetou um edifício que transformou suas próprias limitações em oportunidades para de um espaço vazio fazer-se um lugar a ser habitado. Uma arquitetura que instituiu e que restituiu territórios, paisagens e interstícios subutilizados.
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Keppens, A., J. C. Lambert, J. Granville, G. Miles, R. Siddans, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, et al. "Round-robin evaluation of nadir ozone profile retrievals: methodology and application to MetOp-A GOME-2." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 11 (November 21, 2014): 11481–546. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-11481-2014.
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Abstract. A methodology for the round-robin evaluation and geophysical validation of ozone profile data retrieved from nadir UV backscatter satellite measurements is detailed and discussed, consisting of dataset content studies, information content studies, co-location studies, and comparisons with reference measurements. Within ESA's Climate Change Initiative on ozone (Ozone_cci project), the proposed round-robin procedure is applied to two nadir ozone profile datasets retrieved at KNMI and RAL, using their respective OPERA v1.26 and RAL v2.1 optimal estimation algorithms, from MetOp-A GOME-2 measurements taken in 2008. The ground-based comparisons use ozonesonde and lidar profiles as reference data, acquired by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other stations of WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch. This direct illustration highlights practical issues that inevitably emerge from discrepancies in e.g. profile representation and vertical smoothing, for which different recipes are investigated and discussed. Several approaches for information content quantification, vertical resolution estimation, and reference profile resampling are compared and applied as well. The paper concludes with compliance estimates of the two GOME-2 ozone profile datasets with user requirements from GCOS and from climate modellers.
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Haddad, Beverley. "The South African Women’s Theological Project: Practices of Solidarity and Degrees of Separation in the Context of the HIV Epidemic." Religion & Theology 20, no. 1-2 (2013): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-12341248.
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Abstract It has previously been argued that the HIV epidemic is the new kairos in South Africa. The Circle of African Women Theologians has been at the forefront of theologising this crisis, particularly as it affects women. This article seeks to analyse the HIV work of six South African Circle writers namely, Denise Ackermann, Christina Landman, Madipoane Masenya, Sarojini Nadar, Miranda Pillay and Beverley Haddad. The focus of this analysis revolves around the “degrees of separation and practices of solidarity” inherent in their work. The first part of the article deals with each theologian in turn. It then identifies common threads and differences in their work employing the methodological framework of African women’s theology as outlined by Sarojini Nadar and Isabel Phiri. The article concludes with a discussion of the particularities of the South African women’s theological project and argues that the work of these six women does not deal sufficiently with “difference” or “solidarity” thus limiting their influence on the political HIV project.
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Franzini, Marica, Vittorio Marco Casella, and Bruno Monti. "Assessment of Leica CityMapper-2 LiDAR Data within Milan’s Digital Twin Project." Remote Sensing 15, no. 21 (November 6, 2023): 5263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15215263.
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The digital twin is one of the most promising technologies for realizing smart cities in terms of planning and management. For this purpose, Milan, Italy, has started a project to acquire aerial nadir and oblique images and LiDAR and terrestrial mobile mapping data. The Leica CityMapper-2 hybrid sensor has been used for aerial surveys as it can capture precise and high-resolution multiple data (imagery and LiDAR). The surveying activities are completed, and quality checks are in progress. This paper concerns assessing aerial LiDAR data of a significant part of the metropolitan area, particularly evaluating the accuracy, precision, and congruency between strips and the point density estimation. The analysis has been conducted by exploiting a ground control network of GNSS and terrestrial LiDAR measurements created explicitly for this purpose. The vertical component has an accuracy root mean square error (RMSE) of around 5 cm, and a horizontal component of around 12 cm. Meanwhile, the precision RMSE ranges from 2 to 8 cm. These values are suitable for generating products such as DSM/DTM.
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Agüera-Vega, F., P. Martínez-Carricondo, and F. Carvajal-Ramírez. "ENHANCING UAV-SfM 3D MODELS ACCURACY OF UNIQUE HERITAGE INFRASTRUCTURES. CASE OF ISABEL II DAM, ALMERIA, SPAIN." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (June 24, 2023): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-51-2023.
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Abstract. In recent years, resources and computer tools have devolved to allow the production of three-dimensional (3D) models that have become great sources of data for the reconstruction of elements of forgotten heritage. The main advances in the field of 3D modelling are related to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. Thanks to the development of image processing techniques, such as structure from motion (SfM) and multiview stereopsis (MVS), combination of both techniques offers effective and cost-efficient photogrammetric process to obtain a high-resolution data set from photographs taken from different points of view. The goal of this paper is to study the effect of the number and distribution of GCP, and the inclusion of oblique photographs on the accuracy of the 3D points clouds yielded by UAV photogrammetry. To achieve this purpose, 18 UAV photogrammetric projects, combining number and distribution of GCPs and inclusion of oblique images to the nadir images, were developed, and the accuracy, precision, and distance respect to a reference cloud were estimated. Results concluded that when only nadir images are used, the best results were found with nine GCPs placed at each of the four corners of the object under study, four in the midpoint of each line that joins two consecutive corners, and another one in the midpoint. Maintaining this arrangement of GCP and adding 12% of oblique images with respect to the total of zenith images, with an angle of 20º with respect to the nadir, improves the precision of the 3D point cloud generated by the photogrammetric project. If it is not possible to place the GCPs in this arrangement, the best option is to place them at the top of the dam.
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ÇIPLAK, Kübra, and Meryem ATİK. "ANTALYA, BOĞAÇAY PROJESİNİN YER ALTI VE YERÜSTÜ SULARI ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN BELİRLENMESİ." Peyzaj Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları Dergisi 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56629/paud.1055883.
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Antalya kentinin hemen batısında, kent ile iç içe olan Boğaçayı ovasında yapımı gerçekleştirilen Boğaçayı projesi; Denizin Boğaçayı boyunca 750 m içeriye sokulacağı ve buraya bir yat limanı (marina) yapılacağı, devamında ise havza yukarılarına doğru yaşam alanları, eğlence merkezleri, film stüdyoları vb. değişik aktivitelerin yapılacağı çok yönlü bir proje olarak tanıtılmıştır. Boğaçayı, Antalya’nın ekosistemleri açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Boğaçayı Özel Proje Alanı (ÖPA) olarak belirlenen alan, önemli su kaynakları yakınında ve sulak alan içinde bulunmaktadır. Projenin amacı, yapılan projenin yer altı su kaynaklarına etkisini saptamak ve sonuçları kamuya açarak Antalya halkına katkı sağlamaktır. Literatür taraması sonucunda projenin yer altı suyu kaynaklarına olan etkisi konusunda yapılan çalışmaların nadir olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda alanın yıllara göre nasıl bir değişime uğradığı, su kaynaklarının varlığı ve durumu hakkında veri toplanacak ve bu veriler analiz edilerek sonuca ulaşılacaktır.
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Dagorn, Johanna. "Fatia, Zora, Nadia et les autres n'aiment pas le henné et la couture." Diversité 167, no. 1 (2011): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.2011.3513.
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Cet article propose, à travers les témoignages de quelques femmes rencontrées dans trois centres socioculturels d’Aquitaine et l’étude de traces de projets associatifs, de s’intéresser aux filles et femmes issues des banlieues sans les réduire au voile, à l’islam, à des victimes passives ou à des délinquantes en puissance. Et sans non plus s’indigner à leur place.
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Francis, K. "A Most Unsuccessful Project: Nadia Boulanger, Igor Stravinsky, and the Symphony in C, 1939-45." Musical Quarterly 94, no. 1-2 (January 27, 2011): 234–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/musqtl/gdq024.
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Fagir, J., A. Schubert, M. Frioud, and D. Henke. "SAR AND OBLIQUE AERIAL OPTICAL IMAGE FUSION FOR URBAN AREA IMAGE SEGMENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-639-2017.
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The fusion of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical data is a dynamic research area, but image segmentation is rarely treated. While a few studies use low-resolution nadir-view optical images, we approached the segmentation of SAR and optical images acquired from the same airborne platform – leading to an oblique view with high resolution and thus increased complexity. To overcome the geometric differences, we generated a digital surface model (DSM) from adjacent optical images and used it to project both the DSM and SAR data into the optical camera frame, followed by segmentation with each channel. The fused segmentation algorithm was found to out-perform the single-channel version.
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Chand, Ganeshwar. "The World Bank in Fiji: The Case of the Suva-Nadi Highway Reconstruction Project." Development and Change 20, no. 2 (April 1989): 235–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1989.tb00347.x.
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Winkelsesser, Karin. "„Das müssen wir alle machen!“." Bühnentechnische Rundschau 117, no. 2 (2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0007-3091-2023-2-084.
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Die neue Open-Source-Website „StuFF“ ging im April dieses Jahres online. Sie soll dazu dienen, Wissen und Erfahrungen zu nachhaltigen Materialien und Konstruktionen für Bühne und Kostüm zu verbreiten. Wir stellen das Projekt im Gespräch mit den Initiatorinnen, den Bühnenbildnerinnen und Professorinnen Barbara Ehnes und Nadia Fistarol, vor. von Karin Winkelsesser
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Mendes, Eduardo, and Nadia Miranda Leschko. "Colaborações e revisões da concepção de intervenção experimental com vistas à divulgação do projeto Insonia." Revista Poliedro 5, no. 7 (December 31, 2021): 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15536/2594-4398.2021.v5.n7.pp.771-779.2193.
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Este artigo apresenta os resultados e desdobramentos do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Design Gráfico da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, intitulado “Projeto Insonia: concepção de intervenção experimental com vistas a divulgação do projeto e comunicação entre os diferentes movimentos contraculturais”, que foi orientado pela profª. Nadia Miranda Leschko e defendido no dia 17 de dezembro de 2019. O projeto teve como proposta criar uma intervenção experimental a fim de integrar diferentes movimentos contra culturais do cenário underground, com foco na cidade de Pelotas – RS inicialmente, servindo como um canal de comunicação para esses. Além de demonstrar o produto oriundo do processo, relato neste os primeiros testes após a execução, apontando possíveis melhorias para o projeto.
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Zanin, Gustavo Domingos, Francielle da Silva Cardozo, Gabriel Pereira, Viviane Valéria da Silva, Paulo Ricardo Rufino, and Lucas Luan Giarola. "Queima de biomassa no bioma Amazônia análise da injeção e dispersão de plumas de fumaça na atmosfera." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 42 (June 9, 2022): e189114. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/eissn.2236-2878.rdg.2022.189114.
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Os gases traços liberados pela queima de biomassa afetam significativamente o meio ambiente, alterando o balanço de energia, os ciclos biogeoquímicos e o clima. Partindo deste fato, com o objetivo de identificar o período e as principais áreas afetadas por entradas de plumas de aerossóis de queimada na atmosfera do bioma Amazônia e de analisar as dinâmicas de uso e ocupação do solo nas principais áreas de emissões, foram analisadas imagens do sensor Multiangle Imaging Spectro Radiometer (MISR) a bordo do Satélite TERRA, com resolução de 275 m em nove ângulos, variando de 0° nadir a 70° fora do nadir e, posteriormente, comparadas a dados oriundos do projeto MapBiomas. Com o software MISR INteractive eXplorer (MINX) foram processadas as alturas das plumas, permitindo a criação de mosaicos multitemporais. Posteriormente, a partir de um programa originado em IDL/ENVI obteve-se os dados de interesse, como a localização, a potência radiativa do fogo e a altura de injeção de cada pluma. Após o processamento inicial, sucedeu a conversão dos dados e a inserção em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), sobrepondo estes dados com os demais, originários do MapBiomas. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se que o trabalho realizado pode servir como um importante banco de dados para a visualização e análise da distribuição de fenômenos, auxiliando na tomada de decisões e posteriores ações de gestão e redução de possíveis riscos à sociedade.
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Keppens, A., J. C. Lambert, J. Granville, G. Miles, R. Siddans, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, et al. "Round-robin evaluation of nadir ozone profile retrievals: methodology and application to MetOp-A GOME-2." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2015): 2093–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2093-2015.
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Abstract. A methodology for the round-robin evaluation and the geophysical validation of ozone profile data retrieved from nadir UV backscatter satellite measurements is detailed and discussed, consisting of data set content studies, information content studies, co-location studies, and comparisons with reference measurements. Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative on ozone (Ozone_cci project), the proposed round-robin procedure is applied to two nadir ozone profile data sets retrieved at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL, United Kingdom), using their respective OPERA v1.26 and RAL v2.1 optimal estimation algorithms, from MetOp-A GOME-2 (i.e. the second generation Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment on the first Meteorological Operational Satellite) measurements taken in 2008. The ground-based comparisons use ozonesonde and lidar profiles as reference data, acquired by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other stations of the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). This direct illustration highlights practical issues that inevitably emerge from discrepancies in e.g. profile representation and vertical smoothing, for which different recipes are investigated and discussed. Several approaches for information content quantification, vertical resolution estimation, and reference profile resampling are compared and applied as well. The paper concludes with compliance estimates of the two GOME-2 ozone profile data sets with user requirements from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and from climate modellers.
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Shiyan, Nadia Ivanivna, Rainer Unland, Martin Gröger, Dietrich Brandt, Torsten Brinda, and Vardan Surenovich Mkrttchian. "Really modern issues for masters from World German Cloud University." CTE Workshop Proceedings 2 (March 20, 2014): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.188.
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The study aims to identify opportunities for masters who gives World German Cloud University. The article describes the entire process of project implementation on the example of one popular specialty Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM). Our goal is to create and foster relationships between students of different countries and support them in their personal and professional development. Our network consists of 68 local groups in 26 countries, currently to 50,000 students. Project open wishing to join can contact a representative World German Cloud University in Ukraine – Professor Nadia Shiyan.
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Shiyan, Nadia Ivanivna, Rainer Unland, Martin Gröger, Dietrich Brandt, Torsten Brinda, and Vardan Surenovich Mkrttchian. "Really modern issues for masters from World German Cloud University." New computer technology 12 (December 25, 2014): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/nocote.v12i0.694.
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The study aims to identify opportunities for masters who gives World German Cloud University. The article describes the entire process of project implementation on the example of one popular specialty Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM). Our goal is to create and foster relationships between students of different countries and support them in their personal and professional development. Our network consists of 68 local groups in 26 countries, currently to 50,000 students. Project open wishing to join can contact a representative World German Cloud University in Ukraine – Professor Nadia Shiyan.
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Gonsalves, Rob, Ramin Jamshidi, Dorothee Newbern, Gabriel Shaibi, Micah Olson, Reeti Chawla, Sharon H. Gnagi, and Oliver J. Oatman. "A quality improvement project for managing hypocalcemia after pediatric total thyroidectomy." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0376.
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AbstractObjectivesHypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy (TT) is relatively common. It may result in significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased costs. Treatment with intravenous (IV) calcium gluconate may also carry significant risks. In pediatrics, management consensus guidelines are lacking.MethodsAt Phoenix Children’s Hospital, a team of pediatric endocrinologists, surgeons and otolaryngologists developed a clinical pathway for patients undergoing TT. It was a Quality Improvement (QI) project with the primary aim of decreasing IV calcium gluconate use from a baseline of 68% to less than 40% over 15 months. Secondary aims included reducing hypocalcemia and length of hospitalization. Interventions included sending weekly pathway reminder emails, starting pre-operative calcium, and pathway implementation into the electronic health record.ResultsTwenty-seven patients underwent TT over 15 months. IV calcium gluconate use dropped to 48%. Hypocalcemia and length of hospitalization were 96% and 52.7 h (range 21.1–115.7) respectively. Pathway adherence improved after targeted interventions. Eleven (73%) of the 15 patients whose post-operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) nadir was below 15 pg/mL required IV calcium gluconate vs. two (17%) out of 12 with levels above this threshold.ConclusionsStandardizing care allowed for objective outcome analysis. We learned that post-operative serum PTH level was the main risk factor for requiring IV calcium gluconate. Implementing the pathway as a QI project allows for revisions based on outcomes, ultimately resulting in a pathway that best utilizes our infrastructure to optimize care. Other pediatric institutions may face similar challenges and can potentially learn from our experience.
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Odlum, Nadia Rene, and Morwenna Collett. "The Right to Play: Snakes and Ladders." Journal of Public Space 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v7i2.1501.
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This case-study will present learnings from the public art project ‘Snakes and Ladders’, a fifty metre, ground plane mural in Sydney Olympic Park, in Sydney’s western suburbs. This was a collaboration between Digby Webster, an artist with Down syndrome, and Nadia Odlum, an artist without disability who specialises in playful, large-scale public art. Snakes and Ladders was commissioned by the Sydney Olympic Parks Authority (SOPA) as a result of a community consultation and co-design process, and was supported by Accessible Arts, the peak body for advancing the rights of New South Wales artists who have disability and/or who are d/Deaf. The result was a public artwork that functions as an inclusive playspace, supporting the right to play for all people who visit or live in Sydney Olympic Park.The key achievements of this project were the meaningful inclusion of an artist with disability in a significant public art project, and the creation of an accessible and inclusive opportunity for play in public space. This case-study focuses on process, including the community consultation process that led to the commission; the role of peak body Accessible Arts in facilitating and guiding the commission; the methods used to ensure accessibility in the artwork design; and the collaborative process between Digby and Nadia, including the steps taken to support Digby’s access requirements and ensure his full participation in the commission from concept to delivery.
Read the full article in accessible html-format here.
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Sumsion, Jennifer, Linda J. Harrison, and Matthew Stapleton. "Spatial perspectives on babies’ ways of belonging in infant early childhood education and care." Journal of Pedagogy 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jped-2018-0006.
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Abstract In this article, we endeavour to think spatially about the texture of infants’ everyday lives and their ways of ‘doing’ belonging in the babies’ room in an Australian early childhood education and care centre. Drawing on data from a large, multiple case-study project, and on theorisations of space that reject Euclidean notions of space as empty, transparent, relatively inert containers into which people, objects practices and artefacts are inserted, and instead emphasise space as complex, dynamic and relational, we map the navigating movements (Massumi, 2002) of baby Nadia. Through the telling of ‘stories-so-far’ (Massey, 2005), we convey how Nadia, as part of a constellation or assemblage of human and non-human beings, found ways to intensify space and to mobilise new vantage points, thus expanding the spatial possibilities of what we initially took to be a particularly confined and confining space.
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Vijay, Devi, and Debabrata Ghosh. "The Sabar Shouchagar Project (toilets for everyone): making Nadia District the first open-defecation-free district in India." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2017-0061.
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Subject area Public Sector Management. Study level/applicability MBA or postgraduate program courses in public policy and management. MBA or postgraduate program courses on social innovation, social entrepreneurship and public or collective entrepreneurship. Management development programs for public policy professionals, non-governmental organizations and social enterprises. Case overview Despite several country-wide campaigns to improve sanitation levels, India continues to be the country with the highest number of people, over 600 million, practicing open defecation. This case outlines the Sabar Shouchagar Project (Toilets for Everyone) undertaken by the District Administration of Nadia District in West Bengal that transformed the region into the first open-defecation-free district in India. The case begins with providing the context of the problem of open defecation, why it has been hard to eliminate and how undertaking a project to eliminate open-defecation-free practices has myriad institutional and economic challenges. The case then details the conceptualization and execution of the complex Sabar Shouchagar Project which involved a loose coalition of various state programs and civil society organizations. The case ends with questions on the continuity of this project beyond the tenure of the current District Magistrate and on the replicability of such an ambitious project in other parts of the country. The setting of this case, a government agency, is different than most cases and provides an opportunity for students to talk about a state agency and its interstices with civil society. This case explores how to create change through large government machinery and allows the student to explore aspects of social mobilization, social change and social innovation. If taught within a postgraduate or MBA program, the case would serve well to dispel stereotypes and biases about government bureaucracies (such as slow timelines, limited efficacy of projects and so on). Expected learning outcomes After discussion and analysis of the case, students will be able to: appreciate how administrators within a large government bureaucracy address an ambitious and complex public health issue in a developing world context. Understand the on-the-ground challenges that arise when a change agent pursues a worthwhile goal. There are difficulties such as getting resources beyond what a government office has access to, getting alignments between different key actors within the local community and forging coalitions. Understand initiatives for social transformation within a developing country context. Specifically, the case unpacks the cultural, political, economic contexts that determine how social innovations may be pursued. Understand capacity-building and change management. Evaluate efforts required to sustain social change efforts and the challenges and pathways with respect to replication of successful social change projects in other geographies. Appreciate the design of civic engagement practices in public policy implementation. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email www.support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject Code CSS: 10: Public Sector management.
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Dashora, Umesh, Punith Kempegowda, Adrian Li, Sophie Harris, Erwin Castro, Rowan Hillson, Christine Jones, and Ketan Dhatariya. "Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award 2022." British Journal of Diabetes 22, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2022.389.
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Introduction: The annual National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA and NaDIA-Harms) in the UK continues to show significant problems with patient care. During the COVID pandemic patient care has been even more difficult. New initiatives are urgently required to improve inpatient safety for people with diabetes. Method: The Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) organised the seventh national Rowan Hillson Inpatient Safety Award on the theme of “the best interventions: redesigning, rebuilding and maintaining safe inpatient diabetes care during COVID”. Result: The winner was the DEKODE team, led by Dr Punith Kempegowda from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, for their innovative quality improvement project across hospitals during COVID to improve diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA) management and study DKA in people with COVID. Adherence to national guidance improved in some hospitals, with falls in hypoglycaemia, and overall there was a significant improvement in awareness about DKA amongst junior doctors. The King’s College NHS Foundation Trust team, led by Adrian Li and colleagues, received the highly commended award for their innovative project of remote blood glucose (BG) monitoring across healthcare boundaries. This improved diabetes control and tackled health inequalities. Summary and conclusion: These and similar schemes need to be developed, promoted and shared to improve safety for people with diabetes admitted in hospital during COVID times.
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Médini, Maroua. "Autour de la transmédialité et de la BD." Transcr(é)ation 2, no. 1 (March 14, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/tc.v2i1.15514.
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Les oiseaux ne se retournent pas, une BD qui a vu le jour en 2020, est un formidable récit poétique et engagé portant sur la thématique de l’immigration et de l’enfance confrontée à la guerre au Moyen-Orient. Sa créatrice Nadia Nakhlé, puisant dans son parcours, dans son vécu et dans ses vastes références imprégnées, pour la plupart, des subtilités de la poésie orientale à l’image de celle de Darwish ou encore de Gibran, a eu l’idée de transcender le récit initial en le mettant au cœur d’un triptyque composé d’une BD, d’un spectacle vivant et pluridisciplinaire (2020) et plus récemment d’un film d’animation en cours de développement. Ce projet ambitieux et innovant met en avant le dialogue entre les différents médiums et les mécanismes de transition d’un langage narratif à l’autre. Nous avons eu la chance de la rencontrer afin qu’elle puisse nous éclairer sur la portée de son projet et sur certains des éléments clés de succès de l’adaptation d’une BD.
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Efnita, Titik, and Syaifullah Syaifullah. "Pembinaan Pasar Modal, Investasi Saham Dan Obligasi Pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Hang Nadim Batam." AKSIOLOGIYA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/aks.v3i1.1761.
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Tri dharma higher education requires lecturers to carry out, research, warming and devotion to society. Therefore as a form of moral responsibility to the community to improve knowledge through formal education or non-formal. The purpose of this coaching is to introduce capital market products and how knowledge and costs for investments and costs. So far, people are still patterned with a project with a high cost and difficult for those who are afraid to invest, even if there is an investment community with a road to find a safe at home and maybe even raising. Investing in shares is something that is very important that the internet. These targets are students and teachers with the hope that these students will transmit their knowledge to the community. Existing benefits by using existing resources for other things offered for sale in terms of investment.Tri dharma higher education requires lecturers to carry out, research, warming and devotion to society. Therefore as a form of moral responsibility to the community to improve knowledge through formal education or non-formal. The purpose of this coaching is to introduce capital market products and how knowledge and costs for investments and costs. So far, people are still patterned with a project with a high cost and difficult for those who are afraid to invest, even if there is an investment community with a road to find a safe at home and maybe even raising. Investing in shares is something that is very important that the internet. These targets are students and teachers with the hope that these students will transmit their knowledge to the community. Existing benefits by using existing resources for other things offered for sale in terms of investment.
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Coppen, Peter-Arno, Jimmy van Rijt, Astrid Wijnands, and Roy Dielemans. "Vakdidactisch onderzoek naar grammaticaonderwijs in Nederland." Tijdschrift voor Nederlandse Taal- en Letterkunde 135, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tntl2019.2.002.copp.
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Abstract In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van drie samenhangende vakdidactische onderzoeksprojecten op het gebied van het grammaticaonderwijs. In het eerste deel zal het grammaticaonderwijs in een breder perspectief van taalbeschouwingsonderwijs en in een internationaal perspectief geschetst worden, en zal het begrip fundamenteel vakdidactisch onderzoek nader toegelicht worden. Het tweede deel beschrijft de afzonderlijke onderzoeksprojecten. Doordat de onderzoeksprojecten zich in verschillende stadia van ontwikkeling bevinden, valt deze beschrijving voor het ene project wat korter uit dan voor het andere.
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Mandlburger, G., R. Weiß, and T. Artz. "MAPPING OF WATER SURFACE LEVELS AND SLOPES WITH SINGLE PHOTON LIDAR – A CASE STUDY AT THE RIVER RHINE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-57-2020.
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Abstract. Precise knowledge of water surface level heights is crucial for safe ship navigation and as basis for calibration of hydrodynamic-numerical models. While Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a well established technique for topographic mapping, ALS-based water surface mapping using conventional infrared lasers suffers from the high degree of specular reflection which leads to data voids for off-nadir angles beyond 5–7 degrees. The advent of single photon sensitive ALS systems using green laser sources presents the prospect of large-area, high-resolution water surface mapping due to the high receiver sensitivity and measurement rate of such systems. Building on previous studies on subject matters, we present the results of a pilot project initiated and conducted by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG, Koblenz) at the Rhine River. Three specific test sites with varying water surface and flow velocity properties were captured on October 30th and 31th, 2019 with the Leica SPL100 from flying altitudes of 3000 m, 2500 m, 1600 m, and 800 m, respectively. As anticipated, the water surface laser pulse density was high and exhibited 20–145 points/m2 depending on flying altitude. After quality control, strip adjustment, and point cloud analysis, three water surface classification methods were implemented based on: (i) height quantiles, (ii) point cloud segmentation, and (iii) inverse DTM filtering. All approaches featured relative and absolute water level height accuracies better than 10 cm. We conclude that Single Photon LiDAR based high resolution mapping of water surface levels and tilts is feasible when employing application specific data acquisition parameters, i.e., off-nadir angle &leq;10° and flying altitude &leq;3000 m.
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Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Alain Hauchecorne, Franck Lefèvre, François-Marie Bréon, Laurent Blanot, Denis Jouglet, Pierre Lafrique, and Pavel Akaev. "The use of the 1.27 µm O<sub>2</sub> absorption band for greenhouse gas monitoring from space and application to MicroCarb." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 3329–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3329-2020.
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Abstract. Monitoring CO2 from space is essential to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of this major greenhouse gas and quantify its sources and sinks. The mixing ratio of CO2 to dry air can be derived from the CO2∕O2 column ratio. The O2 column is usually derived from its absorption signature on the solar reflected spectra over the O2 A band (e.g. Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2), Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO)/Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), TanSat). As a result of atmospheric scattering, the atmospheric path length varies with the aerosols' load, their vertical distribution, and their optical properties. The spectral distance between the O2 A band (0.76 µm) and the CO2 absorption band (1.6 µm) results in significant uncertainties due to the varying spectral properties of the aerosols over the globe. There is another O2 absorption band at 1.27 µm with weaker lines than in the A band. As the wavelength is much closer to the CO2 and CH4 bands, there is less uncertainty when using it as a proxy of the atmospheric path length to the CO2 and CH4 bands. This O2 band is used by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) implemented for the validation of space-based greenhouse gas (GHG) observations. However, this absorption band is contaminated by the spontaneous emission of the excited molecule O2*, which is produced by the photo-dissociation of O3 molecules in the stratosphere and mesosphere. From a satellite looking nadir, this emission has a similar shape to the absorption signal that is used. In the frame of the CNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales – the French National Centre for Space Studies) MicroCarb project, scientific studies have been performed in 2016–2018 to explore the problems associated with this O2* airglow contamination and methods to correct it. A theoretical synthetic spectrum of the emission was derived from an approach based on A21 Einstein coefficient information contained in the line-by-line high-resolution transmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) 2016 database. The shape of our synthetic spectrum is validated when compared to O2* airglow spectra observed by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY)/Envisat in limb viewing. We have designed an inversion scheme of SCIAMACHY limb-viewing spectra, allowing to determine the vertical distribution of the volume emission rate (VER) of the O2* airglow. The VER profiles and corresponding integrated nadir intensities were both compared to a model of the emission based on the Reactive Processes Ruling the Ozone Budget in the Stratosphere (REPROBUS) chemical transport model. The airglow intensities depend mostly on the solar zenith angle (both in model and data), and the model underestimates the observed emission by ∼15 %. This is confirmed with SCIAMACHY nadir-viewing measurements over the oceans: in such conditions, we have disentangled and retrieved the nadir O2* emission in spite of the moderate spectral resolving power (∼860) and found that the nadir SCIAMACHY intensities are mostly dictated by solar zenith angle (SZA) and are larger than the model intensities by a factor of ∼1.13. At a fixed SZA, the model airglow intensities show very little horizontal structure, in spite of ozone variations. It is shown that with the MicroCarb spectral resolution power (25 000) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the contribution of the O2* emission at 1.27 µm to the observed spectral radiance in nadir viewing may be disentangled from the lower atmosphere/ground absorption signature with a great accuracy. Indeed, simulations with 4ARCTIC radiative transfer inversion tool have shown that the CO2 mixing ratio may be retrieved with the accuracy required for quantifying the CO2 natural sources and sinks (pressure-level error ≤1 hPa; XCO2 accuracy better than 0.4 ppmv) with the O2 1.27 µm band only as the air proxy (without the A band). As a result of these studies (at an intermediate phase), it was decided to include this band (B4) in the MicroCarb design, while keeping the O2 A band for reference (B1). Our approach is consistent with the approach of Sun et al. (2018), who also analysed the potential of the O2 1.27 µm band and concluded favourably for GHG monitoring from space. We advocate for the inclusion of this O2 band on other GHG monitoring future space missions, such as GOSAT-3 and EU/European Space Agency (ESA) CO2-M missions, for a better GHG retrieval.
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Holzer-Popp, T., G. de Leeuw, D. Martynenko, L. Klüser, S. Bevan, W. Davies, F. Ducos, et al. "Aerosol retrieval experiments in the ESA Aerosol_cci project." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 2 (March 5, 2013): 2353–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-2353-2013.
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Abstract. Within the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project Aerosol_cci (2010–2013) algorithms for the production of long-term total column aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from European Earth Observation sensors are developed. Starting with eight existing pre-cursor algorithms three analysis steps are conducted to improve and qualify the algorithms: (1) a series of experiments applied to one month of global data to understand several major sensitivities to assumptions needed due to the ill-posed nature of the underlying inversion problem, (2) a round robin exercise of "best" versions of each of these algorithms (defined using the step 1 outcome) applied to four months of global data to identify mature algorithms, and (3) a comprehensive validation exercise applied to one complete year of global data produced by the algorithms selected as mature based on the round robin exercise. The algorithms tested included four using AATSR, three using MERIS and one using PARASOL. This paper summarizes the first step. Three experiments were conducted to assess the potential impact of major assumptions in the various aerosol retrieval algorithms. In the first experiment a common set of four aerosol components was used to provide all algorithms with the same assumptions. The second experiment introduced an aerosol property climatology, derived from a combination of model and sun photometer observations, as a priori information in the retrievals on the occurrence of the common aerosol components and their mixing ratios. The third experiment assessed the impact of using a common nadir cloud mask for AATSR and MERIS algorithms in order to characterize the sensitivity to remaining cloud contamination in the retrievals against the baseline dataset versions. The impact of the algorithm changes was assessed for one month (September 2008) of data qualitatively by visible analysis of monthly mean AOD maps and quantitatively by comparing global daily gridded satellite data against daily average AERONET sun photometer observations for the different versions of each algorithm. The analysis allowed an assessment of sensitivities of all algorithms which helped define the best algorithm version for the subsequent round robin exercise; all algorithms (except for MERIS) showed some, in parts significant, improvement. In particular, using common aerosol components and partly also a priori aerosol type climatology is beneficial. On the other hand the use of an AATSR-based common cloud mask meant a clear improvement (though with significant reduction of coverage) for the MERIS standard product, but not for the algorithms using AATSR.
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Chazette, Patrick, Jean-Christophe Raut, and Julien Totems. "Springtime aerosol load as observed from ground-based and airborne lidars over northern Norway." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 17 (September 11, 2018): 13075–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13075-2018.
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Abstract. To investigate the origin of springtime aerosols in the Arctic region we performed ground-based and airborne 355 nm Raman lidar observations in the north of Norway (Hammerfest). Two lidars were embedded (i) on an ultralight aircraft for vertical (nadir) or horizontal line-of-sight measurements and (ii) in an air-conditioned van on the ground for vertical (zenith) measurements. This field experiment was designed as part of the Pollution in the ARCtic System (PARCS) project of the French Arctic Initiative and took place from 13 to 26 May 2016. The consistency among lidar measurements is verified by comparing nadir, horizontal line of sight, and ground-based Raman lidar profiles. Dispersion of the order of 0.01 km−1 is obtained among lidar-derived aerosol extinction coefficients at 355 nm. The aerosol load measured in the first 3 km of the troposphere remains low throughout the campaign, with aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of 0.1 at 355 nm (∼0.05 at 550 nm). The main contributors to the evolution of the aerosol load at low altitude prove to be one of the flares of the nearby Melkøya gas processing facility, the oceanic source, and the transport of aerosols from industrial sites in Russia. Moreover, ground-based lidar measurements allowed us to identify three cases of long-range aerosol transport (between 3 and 8 km above the mean sea level). Using back trajectories computed with the Lagrangian model FLEXPART-WRF, these aerosol plumes are shown to be the result of the strong forest fires that occurred in the area of Fort McMurray, in Canada. They can at most double the AOT value over the Arctic area, with an anomaly of 0.1 on the AOT at 355 nm.
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Keppens, Arno, Jean-Christopher Lambert, José Granville, Daan Hubert, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Barry Latter, et al. "Quality assessment of the Ozone_cci Climate Research Data Package (release 2017) – Part 2: Ground-based validation of nadir ozone profile data products." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 3769–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3769-2018.
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Abstract. Atmospheric ozone plays a key role in air quality and the radiation budget of the Earth, both directly and through its chemical influence on other trace gases. Assessments of the atmospheric ozone distribution and associated climate change therefore demand accurate vertically resolved ozone observations with both stratospheric and tropospheric sensitivity, on both global and regional scales, and both in the long term and at shorter timescales. Such observations have been acquired by two series of European nadir-viewing ozone profilers, namely the scattered-light UV–visible spectrometers of the GOME family, launched regularly since 1995 (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2A/B, TROPOMI, and the upcoming Sentinel-5 series), and the thermal infrared emission sounders of the IASI type, launched regularly since 2006 (IASI on Metop platforms and the upcoming IASI-NG on Metop-SG). In particular, several Level-2 retrieved, Level-3 monthly gridded, and Level-4 assimilated nadir ozone profile data products have been improved and harmonized in the context of the ozone project of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA Ozone_cci). To verify their fitness for purpose, these ozone datasets must undergo a comprehensive quality assessment (QA), including (a) detailed identification of their geographical, vertical, and temporal domains of validity; (b) quantification of their potential bias, noise, and drift and their dependences on major influence quantities; and (c) assessment of the mutual consistency of data from different sounders. For this purpose we have applied to the Ozone_cci Climate Research Data Package (CRDP) released in 2017 the versatile QA and validation system Multi-TASTE, which has been developed in the context of several heritage projects (ESA's Multi-TASTE, EUMETSAT's O3M-SAF, and the European Commission's FP6 GEOmon and FP7 QA4ECV). This work, as the second in a series of four Ozone_cci validation papers, reports for the first time on data content studies, information content studies and ground-based validation for both the GOME- and IASI-type climate data records combined. The ground-based reference measurements have been provided by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), NASA's Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other ozonesonde and lidar stations contributing to the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). The nadir ozone profile CRDP quality assessment reveals that all nadir ozone profile products under study fulfil the GCOS user requirements in terms of observation frequency and horizontal and vertical resolution. Yet all L2 observations also show sensitivity outliers in the UTLS and are strongly correlated vertically due to substantial averaging kernel fluctuations that extend far beyond the kernel's 15 km FWHM. The CRDP typically does not comply with the GCOS user requirements in terms of total uncertainty and decadal drift, except for the UV–visible L4 dataset. The drift values of the L2 GOME and OMI, the L3 IASI, and the L4 assimilated products are found to be overall insignificant, however, and applying appropriate altitude-dependent bias and drift corrections make the data fit for climate and atmospheric composition monitoring and modelling purposes. Dependence of the Ozone_cci data quality on major influence quantities – resulting in data screening suggestions to users – and perspectives for the Copernicus Sentinel missions are additionally discussed.
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Wahbeh, W., G. Müller, M. Ammann, and S. Nebiker. "AUTOMATIC IMAGE-BASED 3D RECONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES FOR HIGH-FIDELITY URBAN MODELS – COMPARISON AND FUSION OF UAV AND MOBILE MAPPING IMAGERY FOR URBAN DESIGN STUDIES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-461-2022.
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Abstract. Modelling environments for urban projects often involve virtual reconstructions of existing urban areas where generalised city models are not sufficient. The use of photogrammetry with aerial imagery from UAVs on the one hand, and imagery from street-level mobile mapping systems on the other, has advanced significantly in recent years. However, there are limitations when these two imagery types are used separately.The main contribution of this paper is an end-to-end solution for creating large-scale and complex reality-based mesh models of urban environments. We outline a novel image-based 3D reality capturing process by combining street-level imagery from a backpack multi-camera mobile mapping system and nadir and oblique UAV imagery. This reconstruction is based on dense multi-view image matching method. A use case is presented with a goal to reconstruct an area for an urban project which aims to introduce an elevated cycle highway to facilitate traffic. The investigated area has a size of 0.64 square kilometres and is in the city of Basel in Switzerland. The MMS and UAV images were all oriented in a single photogrammetric project. Several reconstructions with different configurations were investigated and the results of the successful reconstruction with a geometric accuracy of a few cm are presented.
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Segura Zariquiegui, Ainhoa. "La melancolía aristotélica en "Nadie me verá llorar" de Cristina Garza." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 23 (December 14, 2014): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.201523705.
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Los seres humanos siempre nos hemos sentido fascinados por la difusa línea que divide la locura y el sentido común. Es la lucha entre racionalidad e irracionalidad. Es por ello que mi proyecto se basa en este tema. Se trata de investigar sobre la locura, anteriormente denominada melancolía. La reflexión tiene como marco la novela de la autora mexicana Cristina Garza titulada Nadie me verá llorar. Esta obra está ambientada en el México positivista de Porfirio Díaz. Los personajes que recorren la novela se posicionan entre la racionalidad y la irracionalidad. Para analizar más pormenorizadamente las características de los protagonistas, se ha utilizado la obra aristotélica que trata de la melancolía. Gracias a esta obra, se puede observar cómo las características ancestrales de los melancólicos se sitúan, en este caso, en el México finisecular. Human beings have been always fascinated by the line that divides the madness and the common sense. This is the fight between rationality and irrationality. That is why my project involves this topic basing my researched in the definition of melancholic named in the past as madness. From the beginning of the humanity people look at their selves trying to understand how their mind works looking for the distinction of reality and unreality. Lunacy has been a malefic character but also due to the enigmatic characteristics, has trace of greatness. This paper continues this research upon the differences, the uncommon. I based my paper in a historical development of the analysis of the melancholic from the ancient times with Aristotle and Plato until two of the most relevant writers of the Latin-American literature, Cristina Garza specially in her novel Nadie me verá llorar (No one will see me cry). My researched rests in the Aristotle´s treaty titled The man of genius and the melancholic because is, with Plato, the philosopher that gave form to that feeling of amazed facing it to the magnanimity and the despicable of the mental illness. The genius man has always been located between these limits, such as the painter Bacon or Beethoven. These thin line make them fall or slip in one or the other face of the melancholic. How can you get hooked by this theme? How could you not follow the way of those who came before us trying to find the answer?
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SHILLIAM, ROBBIE. "Intervention and colonial-modernity: decolonising the Italy/Ethiopia conflict through Psalms 68:31." Review of International Studies 39, no. 5 (September 30, 2013): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021051300020x.
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AbstractIn this article I utilise the editors' conceptual frame of sovereignty/intervention/transnational social forces to argue that the relationship that ensues between these phenomena has to be understood in colonial-modern – rather than modern – terms. I thereby argue that intervention is a distinctive technology of colonial-modern rule, specifically, one that erects and polices the difference between sovereign and quasi-sovereign entities via a standard of civilisation. Additionally, I argue that transnational social forces struggle – cognitively, socially, and politically – over the upholding or refuting of this standard; and in this struggle, some might even defend particular sovereign entities against colonial interventions. I demonstrate my argument by explicating the global colonial context of the Italy/Ethiopia conflict in 1935–6, the nadir of the interwar crisis. I ‘decolonise’ received interpretations of the conflict through the heuristic of two differing catechisms of Psalms 68:31 proffered at the time: one, invoking a civilising mission of Africans; the other, invoking a project of self-liberation by Africans.
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Bohlius, Julia. "Impact of Combined Anti-Retroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Non-Hodgkin-Lymphoma - a Prospective European Multi-Cohort Study on Behalf of the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) Study Group." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.878.878.
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Abstract Background: Following its introduction in 1996, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has led to a substantial reduction in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. The decline has, however, been less pronounced for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) than for other HIV-related complications, and NHL has become the most common cancer associated with HIV. Within the framework of a large prospective European multi-cohort project, the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE), we studied the incidence and risk factors for the development and survival of NHL in HIV-infected patients in the cART era. Methods: We analyzed the data of HIV- infected adult patients (aged >16 years) who were cART naïve at inclusion and started cART after 01.01.1998, at a time when cART had become well established and widely used in Europe. cART was defined as a regimen of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs. Patients had to have CD4 count measurements available before the start of cART and the diagnosis of NHL. Patients developing NHL before receiving cART (“not on cART”) and patients developing NHL while receiving cART (“on cART”) were analyzed separately. Both patients with Primary Brain Lymphoma (PBL) and systemic NHL were included in the analysis. Incidence rates were calculated based on the Poisson distribution; risk factors were estimated using crude and adjusted Weibull models, with random effects to account for heterogeneity between cohorts. Models with time varying covariates were used to explore the effects of CD4 cell counts and plasma HIV-RNA loads over time. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier life table probabilities, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: For the incidence analysis 56,305 patients from 22 cohort studies across Europe with 212,042 person-years at risk were evaluated. The incidence for NHL (both systemic NHL and PBL) in patients not on cART was 519 (95% CI 448 to 602) per 100,000 personyears compared to 229 (95% CI 208 to 252) per 100,000 person-years in those on cART. The corresponding rates for PBL were 57 (95% CI 36 to 89) per 100,000 person-years and 24 (95% CI 18 to 33) per 100,000 person years. In cART naïve patients risk factors for NHL were older age and low CD4 cell count nadirs. When included as time up-dated variables, high plasma HIV-1 RNA loads and low CD4 cell counts emerged as important risk factors. In patients receiving cART risk factors included low CD4 cell count nadirs, older age, and groups associated with HHV-8 infection, i.e. men having sex with men and patients with a previous diagnosis of Kaposi Sarcoma. Time up-dated HIV-1 RNA plasma concentration and CD4 cell count were also associated with developing NHL while on cART. For the survival analysis 847 NHL patients were eligible. Of those, 364 (43%) were cART naïve at diagnosis of NHL. After one year 66% (95% CI 63%–70%) of patients with systemic NHL and 54% (95% CI 43%–65%) of patients with PBL were alive. Risk factors for death were diagnosis of PBL, low CD4 cell count nadir and history of injection drug use. Conclusions: Combined anti-retroviral therapy reduces the risk of developing NHL. In the era of cART more advanced immunodeficiency is the dominant risk factors for developing NHL both in patients receiving and not receiving cART. Two thirds of patients diagnosed with HIV-related NHL other than PBL survive for longer than one year after diagnosis. Survival is poorer in patients diagnosed with PBL.
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Shiyovich, Arthur, Harel Gilutz, and Ygal Plakht. "Potassium Fluctuations Are Associated With Inhospital Mortality From Acute Myocardial Infarction. Soroka Acute Myocardial Infarction II (SAMI-II) Project." Angiology 69, no. 8 (November 8, 2017): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319717740004.
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Potassium levels (K, mEq/L) fluctuate in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Potassium was reported to be associated with prognosis in patients with AMI; however, studies evaluating the prognostic value of K fluctuations in this setting are scarce. We retrospectively analyzed patients with AMI hospitalized in a tertiary medical center, through 2002 to 2012. Patients on chronic dialysis or mechanical ventilation were excluded. Based on all K values during hospitalization, minimal, maximal, and fluctuation (gap between 2 consecutive K) were recorded. Primary outcome was inhospital all-cause mortality. Overall, 10 032 patients were studied (age 68.1 ± 14.3 years, 65.4% males, 44.2% ST-segment elevation MI), of which 507 (3.7%) died in hospital. Potassium decreased during the first 2 to 3 days ( P for trend <.001), followed by stabilization ( P for trend = .807). Potassium in the extreme categories (<3.8 and ≥4.7) and absolute fluctuations >0.1 mEq/L were more common among nonsurvivors than survivors ( P < .001 each). In a multivariate analysis, combinations of minimal K <3.8 with maximal K ≥4.7 (odds ratio [OR] = 18.1), K ≥4.4 with fluctuation ≥0.1 (OR = 1.74), or <−0.1 (OR = 2.6) and minimal K after the first 2 admission days (OR = 2.07) were associated with increased risk of mortality ( P < .001 each). Potassium fluctuations, peak and nadir K, and its timing independently predict inhospital mortality in patients with AMI.
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Kemper, G., B. Melykuti, and C. Yu. "CALIBRATION PROCEDURES ON OBLIQUE CAMERA SETUPS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-205-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Beside the creation of virtual animated 3D City models, analysis for homeland security and city planning, the accurately determination of geometric features out of oblique imagery is an important task today. Due to the huge number of single images the reduction of control points force to make use of direct referencing devices. This causes a precise camera-calibration and additional adjustment procedures. <br><br> This paper aims to show the workflow of the various calibration steps and will present examples of the calibration flight with the final 3D City model. In difference to most other software, the oblique cameras are used not as co-registered sensors in relation to the nadir one, all camera images enter the AT process as single pre-oriented data. This enables a better post calibration in order to detect variations in the single camera calibration and other mechanical effects. <br><br> The shown sensor (Oblique Imager) is based o 5 Phase One cameras were the nadir one has 80 MPIX equipped with a 50 mm lens while the oblique ones capture images with 50 MPix using 80 mm lenses. The cameras are mounted robust inside a housing to protect this against physical and thermal deformations. The sensor head hosts also an IMU which is connected to a POS AV GNSS Receiver. The sensor is stabilized by a gyro-mount which creates floating Antenna –IMU lever arms. They had to be registered together with the Raw GNSS-IMU Data. <br><br> The camera calibration procedure was performed based on a special calibration flight with 351 shoots of all 5 cameras and registered the GPS/IMU data. This specific mission was designed in two different altitudes with additional cross lines on each flying heights. The five images from each exposure positions have no overlaps but in the block there are many overlaps resulting in up to 200 measurements per points. On each photo there were in average 110 well distributed measured points which is a satisfying number for the camera calibration. In a first step with the help of the nadir camera and the GPS/IMU data, an initial orientation correction and radial correction were calculated. With this approach, the whole project was calculated and calibrated in one step. During the iteration process the radial and tangential parameters were switched on individually for the camera heads and after that the camera constants and principal point positions were checked and finally calibrated. <br><br> Besides that, the bore side calibration can be performed either on basis of the nadir camera and their offsets, or independently for each camera without correlation to the others. This must be performed in a complete mission anyway to get stability between the single camera heads. Determining the lever arms of the nodal-points to the IMU centre needs more caution than for a single camera especially due to the strong tilt angle. <br><br> Prepared all these previous steps, you get a highly accurate sensor that enables a fully automated data extraction with a rapid update of you existing data. Frequently monitoring urban dynamics is then possible in fully 3D environment.
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Kemper, G., B. Melykuti, and C. Yu. "CALIBRATION PROCEDURES ON OBLIQUE CAMERA SETUPS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 3, 2016): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-205-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Beside the creation of virtual animated 3D City models, analysis for homeland security and city planning, the accurately determination of geometric features out of oblique imagery is an important task today. Due to the huge number of single images the reduction of control points force to make use of direct referencing devices. This causes a precise camera-calibration and additional adjustment procedures. <br><br> This paper aims to show the workflow of the various calibration steps and will present examples of the calibration flight with the final 3D City model. In difference to most other software, the oblique cameras are used not as co-registered sensors in relation to the nadir one, all camera images enter the AT process as single pre-oriented data. This enables a better post calibration in order to detect variations in the single camera calibration and other mechanical effects. <br><br> The shown sensor (Oblique Imager) is based o 5 Phase One cameras were the nadir one has 80 MPIX equipped with a 50 mm lens while the oblique ones capture images with 50 MPix using 80 mm lenses. The cameras are mounted robust inside a housing to protect this against physical and thermal deformations. The sensor head hosts also an IMU which is connected to a POS AV GNSS Receiver. The sensor is stabilized by a gyro-mount which creates floating Antenna –IMU lever arms. They had to be registered together with the Raw GNSS-IMU Data. <br><br> The camera calibration procedure was performed based on a special calibration flight with 351 shoots of all 5 cameras and registered the GPS/IMU data. This specific mission was designed in two different altitudes with additional cross lines on each flying heights. The five images from each exposure positions have no overlaps but in the block there are many overlaps resulting in up to 200 measurements per points. On each photo there were in average 110 well distributed measured points which is a satisfying number for the camera calibration. In a first step with the help of the nadir camera and the GPS/IMU data, an initial orientation correction and radial correction were calculated. With this approach, the whole project was calculated and calibrated in one step. During the iteration process the radial and tangential parameters were switched on individually for the camera heads and after that the camera constants and principal point positions were checked and finally calibrated. <br><br> Besides that, the bore side calibration can be performed either on basis of the nadir camera and their offsets, or independently for each camera without correlation to the others. This must be performed in a complete mission anyway to get stability between the single camera heads. Determining the lever arms of the nodal-points to the IMU centre needs more caution than for a single camera especially due to the strong tilt angle. <br><br> Prepared all these previous steps, you get a highly accurate sensor that enables a fully automated data extraction with a rapid update of you existing data. Frequently monitoring urban dynamics is then possible in fully 3D environment.
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Holzer-Popp, T., G. de Leeuw, J. Griesfeller, D. Martynenko, L. Klüser, S. Bevan, W. Davies, et al. "Aerosol retrieval experiments in the ESA Aerosol_cci project." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 8 (August 8, 2013): 1919–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1919-2013.
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Abstract. Within the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project Aerosol_cci (2010–2013), algorithms for the production of long-term total column aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from European Earth Observation sensors are developed. Starting with eight existing pre-cursor algorithms three analysis steps are conducted to improve and qualify the algorithms: (1) a series of experiments applied to one month of global data to understand several major sensitivities to assumptions needed due to the ill-posed nature of the underlying inversion problem, (2) a round robin exercise of "best" versions of each of these algorithms (defined using the step 1 outcome) applied to four months of global data to identify mature algorithms, and (3) a comprehensive validation exercise applied to one complete year of global data produced by the algorithms selected as mature based on the round robin exercise. The algorithms tested included four using AATSR, three using MERIS and one using PARASOL. This paper summarizes the first step. Three experiments were conducted to assess the potential impact of major assumptions in the various aerosol retrieval algorithms. In the first experiment a common set of four aerosol components was used to provide all algorithms with the same assumptions. The second experiment introduced an aerosol property climatology, derived from a combination of model and sun photometer observations, as a priori information in the retrievals on the occurrence of the common aerosol components. The third experiment assessed the impact of using a common nadir cloud mask for AATSR and MERIS algorithms in order to characterize the sensitivity to remaining cloud contamination in the retrievals against the baseline dataset versions. The impact of the algorithm changes was assessed for one month (September 2008) of data: qualitatively by inspection of monthly mean AOD maps and quantitatively by comparing daily gridded satellite data against daily averaged AERONET sun photometer observations for the different versions of each algorithm globally (land and coastal) and for three regions with different aerosol regimes. The analysis allowed for an assessment of sensitivities of all algorithms, which helped define the best algorithm versions for the subsequent round robin exercise; all algorithms (except for MERIS) showed some, in parts significant, improvement. In particular, using common aerosol components and partly also a priori aerosol-type climatology is beneficial. On the other hand the use of an AATSR-based common cloud mask meant a clear improvement (though with significant reduction of coverage) for the MERIS standard product, but not for the algorithms using AATSR. It is noted that all these observations are mostly consistent for all five analyses (global land, global coastal, three regional), which can be understood well, since the set of aerosol components defined in Sect. 3.1 was explicitly designed to cover different global aerosol regimes (with low and high absorption fine mode, sea salt and dust).