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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Sardella, Edson. Elastic properties of the Abrikosov flux line lattice for anisotropic superconductors and some applications of the projection operator method to phenomenological and exact Hamiltonian systems. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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2

1948-, Friedman Yaakov, ed. Contractive projections in Cp. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1992.

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3

Kenkre, V. M. (Nitant). Memory Functions, Projection Operators, and the Defect Technique. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68667-3.

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4

Blecher, David P. Categories of operator modules: Morita equivalence and projective modules. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2000.

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5

Ricker, Werner. Operator Algebras Generated by Commuting Projections: A Vector Measure Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0096184.

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6

1862-1943, Hilbert David, ed. Hilbert's projective metric and iterated nonlinear maps. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1988.

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7

1960-, Slovák Jan, ed. Parabolic geometries. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2009.

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8

Grzegorz, Lewicki, ed. Minimal projections in Banach spaces: Problems of existence and uniqueness and their application. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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9

Nussbaum, Roger D. Iterated nonlinear maps and Hilbert's projective metric, II. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1989.

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10

Bauer, Dominique, and Camilla Murgia, eds. The Home, Nations and Empires, and Ephemeral Exhibition Spaces. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720809.

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This book explores ephemeral exhibition spaces between 1750 and 1918. The chapters focus on two related spaces: the domestic interior and its imagery, and exhibitions and museums that display both national/imperial identity and the otherness that lurks beyond a country’s borders. What is revealed is that the same tension operates in these private and public realms; namely, that between identification and self-projection, on the one hand, and alienation, otherness and objectification on the other. In uncovering this, the authors show that the self, the citizen/society and the other are realities that are constantly being asserted, defined and objectified. This takes place, they demonstrate, in a ceaseless dynamic of projection versus alienation, and intimacy versus distancing.

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11

Cushman, John H. Command and control of theater forces: Future of force projection. Cambridge, Mass: Program on Information Resources Policy, Harvard University, Center for Information Policy Research, 1995.

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12

Airhead operations--where AMC delivers: The linchpin of rapid force projection. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala: Air University Press, 1995.

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13

Cirafici, John L. Airhead operations--where AMC delivers: The linchpin of rapid force projection. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala: Air University Press, 1995.

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14

Cirafici, John L. Airhead operations--where AMC delivers: The linchpin of rapid force projection. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala: Air University Press, 1995.

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15

Vladimir, Shchigolev, ed. Modular branching rules for projective representations of symmetric groups and lowering operators for the supergroup Q(n). Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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16

Agency, OECD Nuclear Energy, ed. Methods of projecting operations and maintenance costs for nuclear power plants. Paris: Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1995.

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17

Clay Mathematics Institute Workshop on Moduli Spaces of Vector Bundles, with a View toward Coherent Sheaves (2006 Cambridge, Mass.). Grassmannians, moduli spaces, and vector bundles: Clay Mathematics Institute Workshop on Moduli Spaces of Vector Bundles, with a View towards Coherent Sheaves, October 6-11, 2006, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Edited by Ellwood D. (David) 1966- and Previato Emma. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2011.

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18

(Dietmar), Salamon D., ed. J-holomorphic curves and symplectic topology. 2nd ed. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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19

Grabert, H. Projection Operator Techniques in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Springer, 2013.

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20

Grabert, H. Projection Operator Techniques in Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics. Springer, 2006.

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21

Kurpel, N. S. Projection-Iterative Methods for Solution of Operator Equations. American Mathematical Society, 2005.

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22

Rotenberg, A. Calculation of Exact Eigenfunctions of Spin and Angular Momentum Using the Projection Operator Method. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2015.

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23

Rotenberg, A. Calculation of Exact Eigenfunctions of Spin and Angular Momentum Using the Projection Operator Method. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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24

Boudou, Alain, and Yves Romain. On Product Measures Associated with Stationary Processes. Edited by Frédéric Ferraty and Yves Romain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199568444.013.15.

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This article considers the connections between product measures and stationary processes. It first provides an overview of historical facts and relevant terminology, basic concepts and the mathematical approach. In particular, it discusses random measures, the projection-valued spectral measure (PVSM), convolution products, and the association between shift operators and PVSMs. It then presents the main results and their first potential applications, focusing on stochastic integrals, the image of a random measure under measurable mapping, the existence of a transport-type theorem, and the transpose of a continuous homomorphism between groups. It also describes the PVSM associated with a unitary operator, the convolution product of two PVSMs, the unitary operators generated by a PVSM, extension of the convolution product of two PVSMs, an equation where the unknown quantity is a PVSM, and the convolution product of two random measures. The article concludes with an analysis of mathematical developments related to the previous results.

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25

Ricker, Werner. Operator Algebras Generated by Commuting Projections: A Vector Measure Approach. Springer London, Limited, 2006.

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26

Odyniec, Włodzimierz. Minimal Projections in Banach Spaces: Problems of Existence and Uniqueness and Their Application (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). Springer, 1990.

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27

Odyniec, Włodzimierz. Minimal Projections in Banach Spaces: Problems of Existence and Uniqueness and Their Application (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). Springer, 1991.

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28

Sobchack, Vivian. Detour. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038594.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that rear-screen projection in Edgar Ulmer's Detour (1945) is just as critical to the film's audiovisual economy as voiceover and flashback. Not unlike the radiophonic “theater of the mind” projected by the 1940s noir sound track, rear-screen projection acts as a secondary screen for the protagonist's psyche. In Detour, this oneiric screen, in addition to mobilizing two of the dominant affective modalities of classic noir—claustrophobia and phantasmagoria—operates as a temporal signpost. The result is that even as Al Roberts (Tom Neal), driven by the romance of the open road, strikes out for California, the back-screen projection is a constant reminder that the past can rear up at any moment and dash his dreams.

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29

Operator Algebras Generated by Commuting Projections: A Vector Measure Approach (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). Springer, 1999.

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30

United States. Dept. of the Army., ed. Operator's manual: Projector PH-222-C and projector, still picture AP-9(1). [Washington, D.C.]: Headquarters, Dept. of the Army, 1993.

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31

Air University (U.S.). Press, ed. Airhead operations--where AMC delivers: The linchpin of rapid force projection. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala: Air University Press, 1995.

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32

Air University (U.S.). Press, ed. Airhead operations--where AMC delivers: The linchpin of rapid force projection. Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala: Air University Press, 1995.

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33

Fonarev, Anatoliy. Projective iterative methods of solution of the equations and variation inequalities with nonlinear operators of the theory of monotone operators. Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2471.

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34

Agency, Nuclear Energy. Methods of Projecting Operations and Maintenance Costs for Nuclear Power. Organization for Economic, 1995.

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35

Kenkre, V. M. (Nitant). Memory Functions, Projection Operators, and the Defect Technique: Some Tools of the Trade for the Condensed Matter Physicist. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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36

Yamamoto, Koji. Consuming Projects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739173.003.0007.

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This chapter demonstrates that the mobilization of private desire for consumption and emulation was taken to new heights during the financial revolution. Patenting activities boomed in the early 1690s. The lapse of the Licensing Act gave rise to a deluge of pamphlets promoting joint-stock companies and public subscription schemes; new periodicals reported and commented on them. Equally important was the language of charity and piety that often intersected with the language of empire. Although forms of projecting became more closely aligned with incipient modern stock markets, the moral ambiguity of projectors continued to loom large. Satirical remarks painting as deceitful businessmen sold well, but often masked complex factors behind business failure. Public consumption of shares, news, rumours, and moralizing remarks became integral parts of the all-consuming market. In Defoe’s ‘Projecting Age’, even efforts at taming capitalism became an integral part of its operation.

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37

Steiner, Mark Allan. The Rhetoric of Operation Rescue: Projecting the Christian Pro-life Message (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies). T. & T. Clark Publishers, 2006.

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38

Steiner, Mark Allan. The Rhetoric of Operation Rescue: Projecting the Christian Pro-life Message (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies). T. & T. Clark Publishers, Ltd., 2006.

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39

Rau, Jochen. Quantum Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199595068.003.0002.

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From the outset statistical mechanics will be framed in the language of quantum theory. The typical macroscopic system is composed of multiple constituents, and hence described in some many-particle Hilbert space. In general, not much is known about such a system, certainly not the precise preparation of all its microscopic details. Thus, its description requires a more general notion of a quantum state, a so-called mixed state. This chapter begins with a brief review of the basic axioms of quantum theory regarding observables, pure states, measurements, and time evolution. Particular attention is paid to the use of projection operators and to the most elementary quantum system, a two-level system. The chapter then motivates the introduction of mixed states and examines in detail their mathematical representation and properties. It also dwells on the description of composite systems, introducing, in particular, the notions of statistical independence and correlations.

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40

Velleman, Leah, and David Beaver. Question-based Models of Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.29.

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We present approaches to the semantics and pragmatics of information structure which centre on Questions Under Discussion (QUDs). Questions, explicit or implicit, are seen as structuring discourse, and information structural marking is seen as reflecting that underlying discourse structure. Our presentation of the model is largely cast in terms of extensions of Roberts’s (2012b) analysis, which is itself related to Rooth’s (1985/1992) Alternative Semantics and Hamblin’s (1973) approach to the semantics of questions. We present the model in terms of a range of constraints that relate information structure to discourse structure, notably constraints on the ‘Relevance’ of utterances, on the ‘Congruence’ of answers to questions, and on the ‘Availability’ of discourse antecedents. We discuss the application of the approach to the interpretation of focus and some cases of contrastive topics, to discourse structure, to the interpretation of focus sensitive operators, and to certain cases of presupposition projection.

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41

Duffett, Mark, and Jon Hackett. Scary Monsters. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501313400.

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Popular music and masculinity have rarely been examined through the lens of research into monstrosity. The discourses associated with rock and pop, however, actually include more ‘monsters’ than might at first be imagined. Attention to such individuals and cultures can say things about the operation of genre and gender, myth and meaning. Indeed, monstrosity has recently become a growing focus of cultural theory. This is in part because monsters raise shared concerns about transgression, subjectivity, agency, and community. Attention to monstrosity evokes both the spectre of projection (which leads to issues of familial trauma and psychoanalysis) and shared anxieties (that in turn reflect deeply held ideologies and beliefs). By pursuing a series of insightful case studies, Scary Monsters considers different aspects of the connection between the music, gender and monstrosity. Its argument is that attention to monstrosity provides a unique perspective on the study of masculinity in popular music culture.

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42

Wigmans, Richard. Instrumental Aspects. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786351.003.0005.

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This chapter deals with the practical aspects of designing, building and operating calorimeters. These aspects concern the structure of the detector (longitudinal and lateral segmentation, projective towers, hermeticity of 4π‎ devices), the readout of calorimeters based on detection of either light or charge signals, the operation in a magnetic field or at high luminosity, and the effects of radiation damage and how to deal with these. Also discussed are procedures for handling the signals, and using these to create triggers that may be used to select events of interest. Auxiliary equipment that may make such triggers more selective (preshower detectors, shower max detectors, etc.) is described as well.

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43

Mass transit: Needs projections could better reflect future costs : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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44

Bechara, Antoine. Impulse Control Disorders in Neurological Settings. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0126.

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This chapter will argue that impulse control disorders, including addiction, are the product of an imbalance between two separate but interacting neural systems: (1) an impulsive amygdala-striatum–dependent neural system that promotes automatic and habitual behaviors and (2) a reflective prefrontal cortex–dependent neural system for decision making, forecasting the future consequences of a behavior, and inhibitory control. The reflective system controls the impulsive system via several mechanisms. However, this control is not absolute; hyperactivity within the impulsive system can override the reflective system. While most prior research has focused on the impulsive system (especially the ventral striatum and its mesolimbic dopamine projection) in promoting the motivation and drive to seek drugs, or on the reflective system (prefrontal cortex) and its mechanisms for decision making and impulse control, more recent evidence suggests that a largely overlooked structure, namely the insula, plays a key role in maintaining poor impulse control, including addiction. This review highlights the potential functional role the insula plays in addiction. We propose that the insula translates bottom-up, interoceptive signals into what subjectively may be experienced as an urge or craving, which in turn potentiates the activity of the impulsive system and/or weakens or hijacks the goal-driven cognitive resources that are needed for the normal operation of the reflective system.

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45

Bonds, Mark Evan. The Beethoven Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068479.001.0001.

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The “Beethoven syndrome” is the inclination of listeners to hear music as the projection of a composer’s inner self. Beethoven’s music was a catalyst for this change, but only in retrospect, for it was not until after his death that listeners began to hear composers in general—not just Beethoven—in their works, particularly in their instrumental music. The Beethoven Syndrome: Hearing Music as Autobiography traces the rise, fall, and persistence of this mode of listening from the middle of the eighteenth century to the present. Prior to 1830, composers and audiences alike operated within a framework of rhetoric, in which the burden of intelligibility lay squarely on the composer, whose task it was to move listeners in a calculated way. Expression was thought of as an objective construct with a purpose. But through a confluence of musical, philosophical, social, and economic changes, the framework of rhetoric gave way to a framework of hermeneutics. Under the paradigm of expressive subjectivity, concert-goers no longer perceived composers as orators but as oracles to be deciphered. The aesthetics of “New Objectivity” around 1920 marked a return not only to certain stylistic features of eighteenth-century music but to the earlier concept of expression itself. Objectivity would go on to become the cornerstone of the high-modernist aesthetic that dominated the century’s middle decades. Perceptions of compositional subjectivity have nevertheless endured in surprising ways, and we find ourselves today in an era of dual and often conflicting paradigms.

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46

Hinton, Alexander. The Justice Facade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820949.001.0001.

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Is there a point to international justice? This book explores this question in Cambodia, where Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge revolutionaries committed genocide and crimes against humanity in an attempt to create a pure socialist regime (1975–1979). Due to geopolitics, it was only in 2006 that a UN-backed hybrid tribunal, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (“Khmer Rouge Tribunal”), commenced operation, one of a growing number of post-Cold War transitional justice interventions. The Justice Facade argues that there is a point to such tribunals, but it is masked by a set of utopian human rights and democratization ideals. Instead of projecting this transitional justice imaginary onto post-conflict peacebuilding efforts, we need to step behind the justice facade to examine what tribunals mean in terms of everyday life and practices—such as the Buddhist beliefs and ritual interactions with the spirits of the dead that are critical to Cambodian victims and survivors. In making this argument, The Justice Facade focuses on civil society outreach efforts to “translate” the court in terms meaningful to Cambodians, the majority of whom are rural villagers, as well as the experience of Cambodian civil parties who testified. This ground-breaking study of transitional justice and demonstration of the importance of examining “justice in translation” is of critical importance not just to those working in the field of transitional justice and law, but in related fields such as development, human rights, anthropology, and peacebuilding.

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47

Lescarboura, Austin C. 1891. Behind the Motion-Picture Screen, How the Scenario Writer, Director, Cameraman, Scene Painter and Carpenter, Laboratory Man, Art Director, Property Man, Electrician, Projector Operator and Others Contribute Their Share of Work Toward the Realization of Th. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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48

Sobczyk, Eugeniusz Jacek. Uciążliwość eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego wynikająca z warunków geologicznych i górniczych. Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33223/onermin/0222.

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Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.

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