Academic literature on the topic 'Projectile weapon elements'
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Journal articles on the topic "Projectile weapon elements"
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Kudełka, Sławomir, and Tomasz Konopka. "Improvised firearms in the collection of the Forensic Laboratory, Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Kraków and the Department of Forensic Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University — towards a systematics." Issues of Forensic Science 297 (2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2017.297.3.
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Despite a very large variety of improvised firearms, repeatability of certain actions of the manufacturers can be observed, reflecting the purpose to which such weapons are produced (e.g. poaching), and the availability of appropriate technologies. The aim of this article is to make an attempt to systematize improvised firearms on the basis of the expert opinions elaborated at the Weapon Research and Ballistics Department of the Voivodeship Police Headquarters in Kraków (LK KWP) as well as studies carried out on weapons belonging to the collection of the Department of Forensic Medicine (ZMS) in Kraków. Research material included both primitive devices made by using simple methods and without concern for accuracy or aesthetics, as well as fine-tuned pieces with individual design solutions or copies of factory-made weapons. Improvised firearms can generally be divided into conversions and own designs. The conversion most frequently applies to alarm, gas or pneumatic weapons. It consists in removing factory safety mechanisms or, in the case of pneumatic weapons, in introducing technical modifications, which enable to blast off the cartridge and discharge the projectile by means of gas pressure arising during combustion of the propellant. Own designs may contain certain factory elements, most frequently the barrel, however, in most cases, they are manufactured from scratch. Improvised firearms, even those without the original elements, typically use ammunition with projectiles or, in some cases, the so called blank ammunition converted into live ammunition by adding projectiles.
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O’Daniel, James, Kent Danielson, and Nicholas Boone. "Modeling Fragment Simulating Projectile Penetration into Steel Plates Using Finite Elements and Meshfree Particles." Shock and Vibration 18, no. 3 (2011): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/520187.
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Simulating fragment penetration into steel involves complicated modeling of severe behavior of the materials through multiple phases of response. Penetration of a fragment-like projectile was simulated using finite element (FE) and meshfree particle formulations. Extreme deformation and failure of the material during the penetration event were modeled with several approaches to evaluate each as to how well it represents the actual physics of the material and structural response. A steel Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP) – designed to simulate a fragment of metal from a weapon casing – was simulated for normal impact into a flat square plate. A range of impact velocities was used to examine levels of exit velocity ranging from relatively small to one on the same level as the impact velocity. The numerical code EPIC, used for all the simulations presented herein, contains the element and particle formulations, as well as the explicit methodology and constitutive models needed to perform these simulations. These simulations were compared against experimental data, evaluating the damage caused to the projectile and the target plates, as well as comparing the residual velocity when the projectile perforated the target.
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Budur, O. "METHODS FOR MEASURING POWDER GAS PRESSURE." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2022.17.30-36.
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The article analyzes possible methods for measuring the pressure of powder gases. The phenomenon of a shot is very complex. Many components of the processes themselves are very complex, interconnected one with the other and strongly depend on the scheme of the device and the design of the weapon, the powder charge and the projectile, on the properties of the gunpowder and on the state of the atmosphere in which the projectile moves. In addition, most of the processes of the phenomenon of a shot occur in very short periods of time and are characterized by high values of physical parameters: speed, pressure, temperature. The complexity and intensity of the phenomenon of a shot do not allow us to study it in full. Therefore, in ballistics they confine themselves to studying the basic regularities of the phenomenon of a shot, on which the movement of a projectile depends very much. This study, necessary for artillery practice, is carried out by theoretical and experimental methods. The parameters of the state of powder gases, as well as a number of parameters of most firing processes that are not directly measured, have to be determined indirectly, primarily from the results of measuring the pressure of powder gases. For this, various laws and relations established on the basis of theoretical and experimental research are usually used, which connect the desired quantities with the pressure of powder gases. Static pressure measurement methods are based on the principle of converting pressure values into strain values or other physical quantities associated with it. Dynamic pressure measurement methods are based on the principle of converting pressure values into kinematic elements of motion: acceleration, speed or path as a function of time. Keywords: pressure, static pressure measurement methods, dynamic pressure measurement methods, tensometric method, piezoelectric method, plastic deformation method, spring deformation method.
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Kozachenko, I. M. "DETERMINATION OF TYPE AND MARK OF PROJECTILES BY METHOD OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF PNEUMATICALLY SHOT INJURIOUS TO SOME CLOTHING MATERIALS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 16 (November 30, 2016): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2016.54.
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The X-ray fluorescence spectral qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed for the elemental composition of 4 marks of bullets for pneumatic weapon of home and foreign production, and also for imitators of common clothing materials camouflage fabric and cotton knitwear. It is determined that lead bullets for pneumatic weapons are capable to introduce some elements of their composition, which are inherent in one or another mark of bullets, to the area of damage on certain clothing materials, in particular, camouflage fabric and cotton knitwear. This expands the possibilities of forensic medical examination when dealing with a problem of determining the type and mark of a bullet or of a small group of bullets similar in their elemental composition, due to which the pneumatical shot injuries of examined objects took place.
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SUCHOCKI, Cyprian, and Janusz EWERTOWSKI. "Experimental and Finite Element Studies on Man-Rifle Reaction Force." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8991.
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The study concerns a man-weapon interaction during a gunshot. The recoil force measurements obtained for the Kalashnikov automatic rifle are presented and analyzed. The influence of shooter’s mass, height and position is described. The breech pressure and projectile velocity data are presented as well. In addition, a finite element (FE) model of the shooter-rifle system is developed in order to qualitatively assess the quantities which could not be determined experimentally, i.e. the stress, strain and displacement fields which are generated in the human body due to the rifle recoil. Several conclusions are drawn that allow for better understanding of the recoil phenomenon and can be useful from the weapon designer’s point of view.
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Kotsiuruba, Volodymyr, Ivan Datsenko, Volodymyr Dachkovsky, Ruslan Cherevko, Olha Androshchuk, Andrii Tsybizov, and Volodymyr Kryvtsun. "Methodological and scientific approach into the process of calculation a multilayer underground protective structure." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 107 (October 29, 2021): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2021.107.159-169.
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During the Joint Forces (anti-terrorist operation) operation in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, civilians and the Armed Forces suffered significanted losses.
As a result, we have needed to study impact various weapons on structure roof of buildings which built of different materials to improve protective properties is becoming relevant.
Therefore, in modern conditions, design of structures and their elements is not possible without taking into account impact of shells. When designing and constructing structures, it is always necessary to take into account resistance of structural elements to impact of damaging factors, both explosion in general and destructive explosion in particular, which will help avoid future possible human losses.
The article presents model of calculation shell penetration into soil thickness covered shelter, consisting of scattering, mattress, distribution layer, load-bearing structure and impact of shells, mines and air bombs to penetrate the thickness of closed structures.
The purpose article is to highlight main provisions scientific and methodological approach to calculation multilayer underground protective structures and studies impact of projectiles on multilayer underground protective structure.
Our research shows that to determine protective thickness mattress of structure, during penetration of ammunition, first of all, should take into account resistance to scattering, and to determine thickness distribution layer resistance of mattress.
Depth of penetration projectile into thickness floor structure will depend on: mass, diameter, shape of main part projectile, as well speed and angle at meeting of projectile with the floor structure.
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SZCZEPANIAK, Marcin, Wiesław JASIŃSKI, Wiesław MADEJ, Andrzej WOJCIECHOWSKI, Piotr KRYSIAK, and Janusz ŚLIWIŃSKI. "Armoured Fighting Vehicle Destruction System." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0802.
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The paper presents a system that is a worldwide-unique means designed for building engineering barriers, fitting into the quasi-intelligent battlefield concept. The weapons employed are an innovative solution that integrates acoustic, seismic, thermal and laser scanner sensors into a single quasi-intelligent decision-making system. The system enables deploying a minefield section which, after deactivating 1st and 2nd degree safeties, operate autonomously, selecting targets and eliminating them with an explosively formed projectile. The paper presents the concept of the system's design and results of tests of individual elements.
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Flis, Marian, and Aleksandra Flis. "Zróżnicowanie postrzałów z myśliwskiej broni o lufach gwintowanych w zależności od rodzaju pocisków – opiniowanie sądowe." Archives of Forensic Medicine and Criminology 71, no. 3-4 (March 2022): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891716amsik.21.008.15618.
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Cel pracy: W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe zasady opiniowania sądowego w sytuacjach postrzeleń ludzi lub zwierząt na polowaniach z broni długiej o lufach gwintowanych, w tym postrzeleń ze skutkiem śmiertelnym. Materiał i metody: Opinie takie wydawane są w oparciu o zgromadzony materiał dowodowy oraz wiedzę biegłego z zakresu broni i amunicji, balistyki jak również z zakresu medycyny anatomopatologicznej. Wyniki: Tego rodzaju kompleksowe analizy pozwalają na wydanie szczegółowej, a zarazem precyzyjnej opinii jako szczególnego środka dowodowego, mającego najistotniejsze znaczenie w przebiegu całego postępowania procesowego. Dlatego też niezmiernie ważnym jest właściwe zabezpieczenie materiału dowodowego w postaci pocisku lub jego fragmentów i konfrontacji tych elementów z oceną rany postrzałowej, a przede wszystkim kształtu i rozmiaru kanału postrzałowego oraz chwilowej jamy postrzałowej. Tego rodzaju postępowania są dość skomplikowane, gdyż wymagają od biegłego szerokiego spektrum wiedzy, dlatego też niejednokrotnie celem rozwikłania skomplikowanej materii będącej przedmiotem opiniowania, zachodzi konieczność wydania opinii nawet przez kilku biegłych. Konkluzja: Opiniowanie sądowe w sprawach dotyczących postrzału, w tym ze skutkiem śmiertelnym, wymaga od biegłego interdyscyplinarnej wiedzy specjalistycznej. Wszelkie analizy w tym zakresie oparte powinny być o ekspertyzę balistyczną w aspekcie oceny rany postrzałowej. Połączenie tych dwóch elementów warunkuje wydanie obiektywnej i niebudzącej wątpliwości interpretacyjnych opinii. Differentiation of shots from hunting weapons with threaded barrels depending on the type of projectiles – forensic opinions Aim of the study: The paper presents the basic principles of judicial review in cases of shooting people or animals on hunting with rifled long weapons, including deaths with a fatal outcome. Material and methods: Such opinions are issued on the basis of the collected evidence and the knowledge of an expert in the field of weapons and ammunition, ballistics as well as in the field of anatomopathological medicine. Results: This type of comprehensive analysis allows for the issuance of a detailed and at the same time precise opinion as a special means of evidence, having the most important importance in the course of the entire trial. Therefore, it is extremely important to properly secure the evidence in the form of a bullet or its fragments and to confront these elements with the assessment of the gunshot wound, and above all the shape and size of the gunshot canal and the momentary gunshot cavity. These types of proceedings are quite complicated, as they require a broad spectrum of knowledge from an expert, therefore, in order to solve the complicated subject matter of the opinion, it is often necessary to issue an opinion even by several experts. Conclusions: Forensic opinions in cases related to gunshots, including fatal ones, require an expert to have interdisciplinary specialist knowledge. All analyzes in this regard should be based on ballistic expertise in the aspect of gunshot wound assessment. The combination of these two elements determines the issuance of an objective and unquestionable interpretation.
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Pangaribuan, Lamhot, Fajar Apit Firmanto, and Dedi Nurdiansyah. "The MODIFICATION OF THE DRIVE SYSTEM IN AUTOMATICAL AMMUNITION CLADDING DETROYER." Jurnal Otoranpur 2, Oktober (October 27, 2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54317/oto.v2ioktober.191.
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The era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 military power became one of the important elements because technological developments have changed the entire order of military strategy. One of them is the development of military equipment technology part of weaponry. As is known, often Indonesia army soldiers conduct shooting exercises to defend the Nation and the Unitary State of the Indonesian People (NKRI). With the shooting training there is a lot of waste from bullet cladding. Bullet cladding or patrun is an object that is a container that wraps around a bullet projectile and consists of propellant (gunpowder), rim, and primer. Bullets/munitions after firing can still be recycled back into active munitions. In accordance with the purpose of this study, researchers modified a cladding machine in order toimprove the performance of thetool effectively than before. The research methods used are a combination of experimental and empirical manual calculations to determine the relevant results. The result destruction can cut 3 grains of cladding even more in everyone round of the cutting blade, so this study modified the transmission system, fixed clutch, shaft, straight gear. The transmission uses a1:60 wpa gearbox ratio, with an electric motor drive power of 1.5 kW/ 2 HP, 1450 r / min, using a flange type clutch.
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Jurczak, Wojciech, and Lesław Kyzioł. "Modelling of the Ship Structural Ballistic Shields from the 10GHMBA Steel." Solid State Phenomena 180 (November 2011): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.180.303.
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The contemporary protective structures are now critical elements of the floating units, military, public and other objects. Their task is to weaken the effects of a terrorist action against selected areas with the use of explosives or projectiles. The knowledge of material behaviour at high strain rates is essential for designing the ballistic shields. The hull external shells of the Polish Navy ships now in service do not meet the requirements of ballistic anti-terrorist shields against small arms shooting or the rocket and shell splinters. This is a significant problem in the case of defending a ship against terrorist attack threats. Therefore, there is a tendency for building internal and external ballistic shields in the ship hull structure to protect the critical compartments and action stations. The paper presents investigations of materials subjected to high strain rates, with the 10GHMBA E-620 bainitic steel as an example. The experiments were carried out on the MTS 810.12 testing machine, rotary impact testing hammer, the Taylor test stand and on the ballistic pendulum. In the final part of the paper, some numerical simulations are presented allowing to analyse the fast-changing processes arising during loading the structure by an impact of high velocity bodies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Projectile weapon elements"
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Sécher, Anthony. "Traditions techniques et paléogéographie du Magdalénien moyen ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de la France (19000-17500 cal.BP) : des groupes humains à plusieurs visages ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0796.
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Les données acquises dans le cadre de l'ANR MAGDATIS sur la période 19-18 Ky calBP permettent des soulever un certain nombre de questions relatives à la mise en place du Magdalénien classique dans le sud-ouest français. En outre, de nombreux résultats de datations C14 offrent un nouveau cadre plus précis pour cette période synchrone avec les débuts de l’événement climatique d’Heinrich 1 et ses conséquences sur l'environnement (paysages et disponibilités en gibier). Parallèlement, cette période est marquée par d'importantes transformations sociales et symboliques visibles dans différents registres : sépultures primaires richement dotées, sculptures pariétales, développement de la figuration humaine et sexuelle, recomposition des équipements lithiques et osseux. L'objectif de cette thèse est de confronter les comportements techniques et économiques à partir de l’examen de séries lithiques du Magdalénien moyen ancien (19-18 Ky calBP) à ces changements suscités afin d'en inférer sur les transformations sociétales des groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs de cette période charnière. Plusieurs séries lithiques sont disponibles pour mener à bien ce projet dans le cadre d'analyses taphonomiques (numérisation des carnets de St Germain ou Roc de Marcamps disponibles). Une révision des séries de Marcamps, St Germain, Moulin Neuf, Combe Cullier, Petit Cloup Barrat couche 3, mais également l'apport de nouvelles fouilles (Laa2 et Ste Colome dans le Béarn) permettront d'appréhender sous un nouveau jour les premiers temps du Magdalénien moyen. L'espace géographique est circonscrit au sud-ouest de la France et centré sur la façade atlantique, participant ainsi également à des réflexions sur le peuplement, les territoires et les interactions sociales développées par ces groupesThe data acquired within the framework of the MAGDATIS RNA for the period 19-18 Ky calBP allow us to raise a certain number of questions concerning the establishment of the Classic Magdalenian in southwestern France. In addition, numerous C14 dating results offer a new and more precise framework for this period, synchronous with the beginning of the Heinrich 1 climatic event and its consequences on the environment (landscapes and availability of game). At the same time, this period is marked by important social and symbolic transformations visible in different registers: richly endowed primary burials, parietal sculptures, development of human and sexual figuration, recomposition of lithic and bone equipment. The objective of this thesis is to compare technical and economic behaviors based on the examination of lithic series from the Early Middle Magdalenian (19-18 Ky calBP) with these changes in order to infer about the societal transformations of hunter-gatherer groups during this pivotal period. Several lithic series are available to carry out this project within the framework of taphonomic analyses (digitization of the St Germain or Roc de Marcamps notebooks available). A revision of the series from Marcamps, St Germain, Moulin Neuf, Combe Cullier, Petit Cloup Barrat layer 3, but also the contribution of new excavations (Laa2 and Ste Colome in Béarn) will allow us to apprehend the early Middle Magdalenian period in a new light. The geographical area is limited to southwestern France and centered on the Atlantic coast, thus also contributing to reflections on the settlement, territories and social interactions developed by these groups
Book chapters on the topic "Projectile weapon elements"
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Perkins, John H. "Wheat Breeding and the Exercise of American Power, 1940-1970." In Geopolitics and the Green Revolution. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195110135.003.0010.
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American power at the end of World War II was paramount. The usual image of this might, however, is formed more by the array of military and industrial components of American culture than by something as seemingly mundane as wheat breeding. Nuclear-tipped missiles, airplane and tank factories, engineering prowess, and motivated soldiers are more generally assumed to be the components of military strength, not scientists patiently crossing one strain of wheat with another and searching through the progeny for a better variety. In the direct exercise of military power, of course, the weapon systems and soldiers are the most important elements of power. Armies, however, exist only on the foundation of food supplies that are adequate for both the military personnel and their civilian support force. American strategists in both world wars were acutely aware of the role of agriculture in the projection of military might, and they considerably amplified agriculture’s importance in the aftermath of World War II. Specifically, through a variety of public and private initiatives, wheat breeding and other lines of agricultural science became an integral part of postwar American strategic planning. Put somewhat differently, after 1945, wheat breeding by American scientists became more than just an exercise in the modernization of agriculture. Old motivations for seeking new varieties did not disappear, but new motivations arose to justify expenditures. In addition, American scientists came to do their work not only in the United States for American farmers but overseas for foreign governments. Wheat breeding acquired ideological dimensions more elaborate than simply “the promo tion of progress.” Instead, wheat breeding and other agricultural science became part of the “battle for freedom.” In the process, many countries moved to new relationships with each other and with their own natural resource base. How did wheat breeding get caught up with strategic and national security considerations? It is necessary to follow a somewhat convoluted trail to answer this question, and the story can begin with the status of the United States after the collapse of Germany and Japan in 1945.
Conference papers on the topic "Projectile weapon elements"
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Rastegar, Jahangir, and Richard Murray. "A Review of Two Patents Relating to Novel Energy Harvesting Techniques to Provide Electrical Power On-Board Gun-Fired Projectiles." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28465.
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This is a review of two patents relating to electrical power generation on-board gun-fired munitions. The devices harvest mechanical energy from the motion of the projectile (e.g. the axial firing acceleration), and then convert the energy from mechanical to electrical using novel mechanisms and materials such as piezoelectric elements. The devices are particularly important for several reasons. Firstly, the devices are inherently safe because the root source of the electrical energy is the motion of the projectile; therefore no electrical energy can be produced until after the projectile is fired. Second, the devices have a much longer shelf-life than competing electrical power sources such as batteries. Finally, the devices are simple, rugged, and reliable making them ideal for the harsh environment on-board gun-fired projectiles. In addition to presenting the general approach, the logical framework of the patented embodiments is presented, especially with respect to the types of motion used for harvesting and the challenges presented by the varied magnitudes of those motions in different weapon platforms.
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Pintar, Frank A., Srirangam Kumaresan, Brian Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Finite Element Modeling of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injuries." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2602.
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Abstract Recent advances in the treatment of penetrating gunshot wounds to the head have saved lives. These advances are largely reported using retrospective analysis of patients with recommendations for treatment. Biomechanical quantification of intracranial deformation/stress distribution associated with the type of weapon (e.g., projectile geometry) will advance clinical understanding of the mechanics of penetrating wounds. The present study was designed to delineate the biomechanical behavior of the human head under penetrating impact of two different projectile geometries using a nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element model. The human head model included the skull and brain. The qualitative comparison of the model output with each type of projectile during various time steps indicates that the deformation/stress progresses as the projectile penetrates the tissue. There is also a distinct difference in the patterns of displacement for each type of projectile. The present study is a first step in the study of the biomechanics of penetrating traumatic brain injuries.
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Huang, James, David Raymond, Weixin Shen, James Stuhmiller, Gregory Crawford, and Cynthia Bir. "Development and Validation of a Subject-Specific Finite Element Model for Skull Fracture Assessment." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63682.
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Due to the frequent occurrence of skull fractures from unintended head impacts from kinetic energy weapons, there is an immediate need to develop injury assessment tools for evaluating the risk of skull fracture under the high speed projectile impacts. Skull fracture tolerance has been shown to be dependent on impactor characteristics such as size and shape, as well as subject-specific anatomy. Accurate strain data collected at the fracture location has historically been difficult to measure, which has led to the use of finite element models. Prior research however has used generic finite element (FE) models of the head to determine skull strain and establish FE-based fracture criteria and thus may not be reflective of actual strain in the experimental tests, leading to inaccurate criteria. Additionally, prior FE models have not demonstrated the ability to accurately model fracture patterns. This study reports on two blunt ballistic temporo-parietal head impacts carried out to a post-mortem human subject (PMHS) and the development and validation of a subject-specific FE model. A nine-accelerometer array was mounted to the frontal bone to measure linear and rotational head accelerations. Three rectangular Rosette-style strain gauges were utilized to collect bone strain data surrounding the impact sites. A rigid, flat-faced 38.1 mm diameter projectile with a mass of 0.1 kg was used for all impacts. An accelerometer was mounted to the rear aspect of the projectile for measurement of impactor acceleration and from which impact force was calculated using the projectile mass and applying Newton’s Second Law. A subject-specific finite element head model was developed from the PMHS CT images. Results demonstrated good correlation between experimentally collected strain and accelerometer data to the FE model. The fracture patterns predicted from the model also demonstrated good agreement to fractures observed in the PMHS.