Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Project Prism'
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Silva, Kathryn Joanne Morin. "Cognitive behavioral intervention for children with disruptive behavior disorders in residential treatment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1698.
Full textKilani, Meriam. "Multiple product-project decisions coordination support : application to oil and gas development projects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST027.
Full textThe major challenge addressed in this research concerns the coordination of the multiple interdependent decisions that must be made during the project, either technical, financial, or contractual. Interdependence means that making one decision without considering the impacts for other decisions may imply some underperformance, or even dead ends, iterations, and rework.To overcome this challenge, a more adaptable multi-decision-making process has been proposed, consisting of three blocks: 1/ modeling the decision network and formulating the multi-decision problem; 2/ structuring the problem to propose relevant and plausible scenarios assembled from elementary decision alternatives; 3/ solving the problem by selecting and recommending scenarios.Building the multi-decision-making process is based on multiple possibilities for each block. The decision-maker selects from a set of possible choices to adapt the decision-making process to the precise context.For block #1, we have first articulated the need to build a global decision network that models the decisions under study and the interdependencies they may have with other decisions. We have then argued that graphs and matrices can be used to fulfill this need. Both methods allow to include all decisions and interdependencies of the decision network in one single model, each of them having its advantages and drawbacks, with a kind of complementarity.Then, to formulate the local multi-decision problem, two interactions-based clustering approaches are proposed: the top-down approach (considering decision interdependencies) and the bottom-up approach (with an additional due date-based grouping of decisions). Both help to delineate the focus of decision makers on a specific set of decisions, since considering the whole network of decisions at the same time can be challenging.In block #2, to structure the problem, two matrix-based and one graph-based methods have been proposed. These methods offer the possibility to generate possible scenarios considering compatibility and performance criteria, either sequentially (morphological analysis), simultaneously (QFD), or with a hybrid way (graph exploration). For the two matrix-based methods, an algorithm was proposed to facilitate the identification of plausible scenarios. As for the graph-based method, a lighter heuristic can be applied on live during a decision meeting.Finally, to solve the problem in block #3, several MCDA methods have been listed for evaluating and selecting a recommended scenario: absolute compensatory methods, relative pairwise comparison methods, and relative comparison to reference point methods.According to industrial actors, such a process could improve coordination mechanisms between the major decisions of their projects. Even though decisions were interdependent, they were not often considered as such, and our proposed process permits (according to them) to have a better vision of the decisions to be made together and of the consequences of the choices. A fictitious case study, inspired by real past projects, was used to illustrate the proposed multi-decision coordination process.We are convinced that our research will provide a solid basis for further studies on the coordination of multiple interdependent decisions in complex projects, although there are academic and industrial perspectives that need to be tackled
Jaber, Hadi. "Modeling and analysis of propagation risks in complex projects : application to the development of new vehicles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC022/document.
Full textThe management of complex projects requires orchestrating the cooperation of hundreds of individuals from various companies, professions and backgrounds, working on thousands of activities, deliverables, and risks. As well, these numerous project elements are more and more interconnected, and no decision or action is independent. This growing complexity is one of the greatest challenges of project management and one of the causes for project failure in terms of cost overruns and time delays. For instance, in the automotive industry, increasing market orientation and growing complexity of automotive product has changed the management structure of the vehicle development projects from a hierarchical to a networked structure, including the manufacturer but also numerous suppliers. Dependencies between project elements increase risks, since problems in one element may propagate to other directly or indirectly dependent elements. Complexity generates a number of phenomena, positive or negative, isolated or in chains, local or global, that will more or less interfere with the convergence of the project towards its goals. The thesis aim is thus to reduce the risks associated with the complexity of the vehicle development projects by increasing the understanding of this complexity and the coordination of project actors. To do so, a first research question is to prioritize actions to mitigate complexity-related risks. Then, a second research question is to propose a way to organize and coordinate actors in order to cope efficiently with the previously identified complexity-related phenomena.The first question will be addressed by modeling project complexity and by analyzing complexity-related phenomena within the project, at two levels. First, a high-level factor-based descriptive modeling is proposed. It permits to measure and prioritize project areas where complexity may have the most impact. Second, a low-level graph-based modeling is proposed, based on the finer modeling of project elements and interdependencies. Contributions have been made on the complete modeling process, including the automation of some data-gathering steps, in order to increase performance and decrease effort and error risk. These two models can be used consequently; a first high-level measure can permit to focus on some areas of the project, where the low-level modeling will be applied, with a gain of global efficiency and impact. Based on these models, some contributions are made to anticipate potential behavior of the project. Topological and propagation analyses are proposed to detect and prioritize critical elements and critical interdependencies, while enlarging the sense of the polysemous word “critical."The second research question will be addressed by introducing a clustering methodology to propose groups of actors in new product development projects, especially for the actors involved in many deliverable-related interdependencies in different phases of the project life cycle. This permits to increase coordination between interdependent actors who are not always formally connected via the hierarchical structure of the project organization. This allows the project organization to be actually closer to what a networked structure should be. The automotive-based industrial application has shown promising results for the contributions to both research questions. Finally, the proposed methodology is discussed in terms of genericity and seems to be applicable to a wide set of complex projects for decision support
Kama, Joseph. "Influence du genre sur les situations liées au management de projet." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1002/document.
Full textIf in literature, very few researches have analyzed the gender aspects in the projects, it should be noted that most of them have measured gender equated with gender as in many work in the permanent organization. However, the study of the project under gender vision has several interests. In fact, nowadays, the project transmits so far from its starting point. Its management practices have so developed that women are more and more found in projects managerial approach (Neuhauser, 2007). Can we say that organizational culture does not deal more with the project ? Does the project encourage the development of new managerial skills? In any case, in this thesis, we deal with gender issue and we would like to answer to the following question : what is gender influence on project management situations ? In this research, our goal is to find complex, risked or improvisational possible managerial situations and analyze gender effects when actors involved in projects are obliged to cope with such situations
Blanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203.
Full textUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Blanchart, Anne. "Vers une prise en compte des potentialités des sols dans la planification territoriale et l’urbanisme opérationnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0203/document.
Full textUrban areas, in addition to global environmental issues, concentrate major local environmental concerns such as air quality, urban heat island and flood mitigation. To tackle those issues, every land surface should be considered as a potential supplier of ecosystem services. However, the urban soils contribution remains poorly assessed up to now. As a result, there is a strong lack of consideration by urban planning of the services that urban soils could provide. So, the main goal of this PhD is to propose a methodology that facilitates an advanced integration of urban soils potentials in urban planning. A national survey and some individual interviews with actors of urban planning were conducted. These actors have progressively developed a systemic consideration of urban soils, and do not yet consider them only as land surfaces. Then, soil sampling campaigns were carried out on 10 urban projects, located in three urban areas with contrasted pedoclimatic contexts (Métropole du Grand Nancy, Métropole Aix-Marseille Provence, Nantes Métropole). The description of the pedological pits and the physico-chemical characterization of soil samples led us to conduct a comparative study of their quality. It appears that 49% of the studied soils were not highly anthropized soils (e.g. Anthrosols, Technosols) and presented bio-physico-chemical properties which were similar to surrounding agricultural soils. The results also showed that the highly anthropized soils presented a high variation of their properties. The results of the physico-chemical characterization had been feed into a decision support tool. This DSS could evaluate the capacity of an urban soil to provide some fonctions and ecosystem services. It appears that the highly anthropized soils were able to provide levels of ecosystem services that were equivalent to, or even higher, than those provided by agricultural soils. In result, it has been demonstrated that urban soils could provide some ecosystem services in order to answer to environmental, social and economic challenges. So, the consideration of the potential of soils in an urban project could contribute to improve sustainability of cities, by optimizing the uses of urban soils and preserving the most multifunctional
Kadir, Karim. "La transformation de l'espace urbain au prisme de la notion de durabilité." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30102/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the implementation of the notion of sustainable development in urban areas and the relevance of its application in urban planning. On the basis of a comparative observation of two case studies, Nimes (France) and Sherbrook (Quebec, Canada), the research analyses how the local actors appropriate the concept of sustainable development, its integration in the process of urban planning, and its translation in sustainable urban project. Even if the national and international guidelines and regulations developed in recent years, purse the integration of the notion of sustainable development into urban planning, its appropriation and translation into concrete operational projects at the local level is still limited.This research shows that the adoption of the concept of sustainable development by local actors is largely provoked by the injunction of the international protocols, national laws and regulations. This process implies the local adoption of a new set of procedures, engineering, resources and expertise. Yet the strategies that are developed at national level are often incompatible with the local realities. Therefore, the thesis questions the ability of the concept of sustainable development to achieve the expected goals and its relevance as a major concept in urban development
Mesnil, Marie. "Repenser le droit de la reproduction au prisme du projet parental." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB217.
Full textStarting from the concept of "parental project", we aim to deconstruct the traditional roles of women in reproductive matters from a legal standpoint. Gender stereotypes, especially those related to gendered division of labour, are indeed sustained by the current reproductive legal framework. The parental project is a concept introduced by law regulating the new reproductive technologies and yet, the analysis of legal aspects of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) stresses how gender stereotypes are in fact strengthened. The legal criteria to access MAR methods are defined based on Nature and comparing French and Swiss legal frameworks shows there are no fixed rules and thus, that references to Nature are not unbiased. Moreover, when it comes to rules of filiation, the naturalistic framework is further reinforced: on the one hand, when the parental project is carried out within the legal framework, filiation is established based on general law, corroborating the gendered legal basis of filiation; on the other hand, parental projects outside of the naturalistic framework are marginalized, and if nowadays filiation should also be recognized for children born in such conditions, it is only because of legal and jurisprudential developments. In spite of this, we think that the concept of "parental project" should promote, within the legal framework of reproduction, both gender equality and reproductive autonomy. Based on the principle of sex-equality and reproductive autonomy, our proposals aim to change dispositions regarding filiation and reproductive medical acts so that they could improve gender equality and reproductive autonomy. In particular, MAR should be addressed by the general law of filiation in order to make of will the main basis of parentage. Likewise, promoting autonomy in reproductive medical acts cannot proceed without rights of the health care users. Finally this research in reproductive law could be seen as a striking example of how law could foster gender equality and individual autonomy in society
Tolmer, Charles-Edouard. "Contribution à la définition d’un modèle d’ingénierie concourante pour la mise en oeuvre des projets d’infrastructures linéaires urbaines : prise en compte des interactions entre enjeux, acteurs, échelles et objets." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1190/document.
Full textHowever, the information management within an infrastructure project (road, rail, airport and other civil engineering works) also requires the use of specific methodologies and concepts like the concepts of ”level of detail” , ”level of development” or ”level of abstraction”. They are used to describe the relevant information that have to be exchanged between stakeholders, according to the modeling objectives in order to meet the project requirements. In the specific context of infrastructure projects, these tools are poorly defined, insufficient and sometimes bring to contradictory models.With a view to progress towards concurrent engineering design, our research is a contribution in two parts. Based on the principles of systems engineering, the first part is about to provide a methodology for requirements and relevant information identification to respond and control this response. The second part describes the project conceptual data model : it deals with the structure of the objects that model in connection with the requirements identification. This proposal is accompanied by a redefinition of several types of existing levels (detail, development, information, abstraction, etc.). These inputs are tested on a project of urban freeway in an industrial context.The exchange of information is at the center of BIM. The accuracy and quality of exchanged information participate in both technical and managerial project success. Our proposed methodology allows to change practices and the vision that the construction sector looks forward to the information it creates. It also participates in the digitalization of the construction sector
Gaudin, Solène. "Villes moyennes et rénovation urbaine : discours et actions d’une transaction spatiale : exemples pris en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20044/document.
Full textThe National Urban Renewal Programme (NERP), launched by the Borloo law passed on 1 August 2003, was explicitly designed as an answer to strong social and urban issues: housing obsolescence of the HLM, concentration of population in space which are considered as impoverished areas, relegation and discrimination according to nationality or geographical origin. Calibrated to address problems of the difficult areas of large cities, its diffusion to all priority areas and towards small and medium-sized towns reflects the success of the formula, and, by the way, a special appetite for action and communication about these "maxi urban projects" sometimes oversized.Mobilising a proofreading of transaction theories, we have analysed the stories and speeches of local actors and policy maker involved in large-scale operations of urban renewal in mid-sized cities across Brittany. In sum, we ask when, how and on what basis repose the commitment of the public authorities in the choice of demolition and how to understand the massive support of medium-sized cities in this device? This includes developing interest, on the one hand, about the concepts of space including in these operations and, secondly, to evalue and ask the logic of the action of the programme
Petetin, François. "Decision-making in disruptive technological innovation projects : a value approach based on technical and strategic aspects." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECAP0017/document.
Full textInnovation, however key for the development of companies, can be a real adventure. The uncertainty related to the value it can create is often an important dissuasive factor. For small companies dealing with disruptive technological innovation it represents an important and specific challenge. In this thesis we tackle this particular issue. In a research action conducted in the SME “L’Hotellier”, we devised a method that aims to helpmanagers to pilot disruptive technological innovation projects in SMEs through the control of the criticaldecisions of the project. This approach is based on the study of the values created by the innovation and of the risks threatening this value creation. This thesis is divided in five main parts. We begin by studying the context of our research. Then we identify and analyze our problematic. Based on the results of this analysis, we propose a model for the management of these critical decisions. This model is then experimented twice in an innovation project in L’Hotellier. The results of these experimentations are analyzed in order to assess the validity and value of our model. Finally, a conclusion summarizes our contribution to the scientific field of design sciences and discusses the limits and perspectives of our work
Le, Glatin Mario. "Innover pour décider : Modéliser et expérimenter l'ambidextrie décisionnelle pour gérer les métabolismes de l'organisation innovante." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM039/document.
Full textIt is now common knowledge to develop an ambidextrous organization in a firm to guarantee a competitive advantage in its environment. Such perspective is rooted in James March’s model (1991) whose purpose is to sustain organizational learning through adaptive mechanisms between agents. This model anchored in the tradition of problem-solving offers a behavioural approach coping with biases and heuristics of bounded rationality. In contrast, with literature models studying the balance between exploration and exploitation activities (ambidexterity), we demonstrate how exploration can be more generative if it uses exploitation constraints as prior knowledge to generate concepts. These rely on positively conditioning them by decision-making parameters contributing to exploitation. New decision situations are designed instead of traditionally selecting explorations. This model - decisional ambidexterity-allows building up projects capable of exploring conditions overcoming limitations and performances of exploitation. A collaborative research conducted at Zodiac Aerospace allowed revealing such new model. It extends organizational ambidexterity into the unknown, more adapted to innovation management & governance, whilst precising how to drive organization metabolisms inducing change among participating organizations in a conglomerate of SMEs
Ramirez, cobo Ines. "l’incertitude comme levier de co-construction au prisme du projet urbain : L'émergence d'un mode de conception "transitionnel" des espaces urbains : entre pratiques institutionnelles et pratiques alternatives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH023/document.
Full textThe current crises of the economy, but also of representative democracy, influence strongly the contemporary design processes of city, moving them from a traditional planning model (rational and hierarchical) to a consensual model based on negotiation, communication and interaction between several stakeholders in the territory.The “project mode”, as a preferred way of designing urban spaces, recovers a good part of limitations and paradoxes of urban planning confronted with an increasingly complex context.The study of several urban interventions in France and Spain, conceived with different degrees of uncertainty, will provide us with conditions that will allow us to discuss a renewal of the design practices of urban spaces, at the same time that we will question the relevance to continue thinking about city in “project mode”.Our research goal therefore concerns the definition of an alternative and transitional design mode, incorporating uncertainty. This latter is based on the co-construction of a collective project-process, supported by the experimentation, schematization and democratization of design practices, which we call "Stochastic Urban Project"
Courtot, Hervé. "La prise en compte des risques dans la gestion et le management d'un projet." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010037.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to provide to the project manager's a risk management methodology. Firstly, this research work provided a simplified understanding of the nature of project risk and tools which can be used to identify and analyse the potential sources of risk. It also provides check-lists and analysis grids established in order to detect rapidly the possible causes of a project failures. Secondly, it consisted to present different ways to evaluate and to rank the potential risks inherent to a project. Finally, this research work aimed to describe techniques which can lead to significant reduction of the project risks, to present the main theoretical risk management methods usable and to analyse, using a specific reading grid, some original approaches developed over the last few years, in large firms, in order to manage the risks of their projects
Claar, Johan, and Alexander Nilsson. "Collaboration within a CSR Project : A Case Study of “Bra Bostäder för Småhushåll till Rimligt Pris”." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18348.
Full textBenkahoul, Abdelkader. "Prise en compte de l'ambiance dans la conception des projets architecturaux." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082537.
Full textMarle, Franck. "Modèle d'information et méthodes pour aider à la prise de décision en management de projet." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143219.
Full textSAMADILASHKARIANI, ERFAN. "Supplementary buildings to fixed price - in support of undergoing project in SABO Case Study : Svenska Bostäder Laundry room in HusbyKompletteringsbyggnader till fast pris - Till stöd för projekt inom SABOFallstudie : Svenska Bostäder Tvåttstuga i Husby." Thesis, KTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228985.
Full textAbstract There is a demand for supplementary buildings to apartment blocks for different needs suchas laundry rooms, rooms for selective waste collection, storage, bicycle storage, gatheringrooms and for PV-cells with their charging infrastructure and battery storage. However, beforemaking the contract with an entrepreneur, the process to architectural design, engineeringcalculations, documentations and procurement of a supplementary building is long anddifferent in each construction company. SABO [3] (Swedish Association of Public Housing Companies) isinterested to facilitate the situation for the owners by turning all these steps into a catalogue,so clients can go to the contractors directly with an efficient and sustainable design concept. InSABO, there has been similar backgrounds which has constituted a new procurement processfor constructing new multi dwelling and ready-to-occupy apartments called “KOMBOHUS”. Aproject team consists of SABO [3], HBV [12], Sustainable Innovation [13], aims at the design ofsupplementary buildings that can be presented in a catalogue in the same way as the“KOMBOHUS”. These supplementary buildings should have a very well elaborated designbecause they will be produced in high numbers. My task is to focus on an exciting publiclaundry room in HUSBY center and identify methods in which improvement for energyperformance could become tested. The results can help the project team to considerlimitations, advantages and weaknesses of an “efficient design”. So, they would have moreclear vision about the upcoming procurements process for supplementary buildings.
Duranel, Guillaume. "Les conventions de l'Architecture au prisme du dispositif du Grand Paris." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1275.
Full textThe 2008 consultation called “l’avenir du Paris métropolitain, le grand pari de l’agglomération parisienne” was organized by the French Bureau of Research in Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape at President Nicolas Sarkozy’s request. Ten teams were gathered, led by architects and composed of professionals and researchers working on urban studies. In 2010, those teams were asked to join the “Scientific Comity” of the “Atelier International du Grand Paris” (AIGP) which was created especially for them to continue their work. In 2012, five more teams joined the AIGP. They worked together until 2016. Therefore, as the government launched action to transform and develop the Île-de-France area (creating a Secretary of State dedicated to that purpose, creating a development company tasked with the creation of a new metro network, and voting three laws …), a group of professionals and researchers worked for eight years to produce a “prospective diagnosis” for the Parisian metropolitan area. For which specific skills were they hired? In the context of this political request, how did those teams work and what did they produce?
Petin, Jean-François. "Contribution méthodologique à l'actionnement et la mesure intelligents : application au projet ESPRIT III PRIAM n°6188." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10387.
Full textBelaid, Fateh. "Traitement des incertitudes et prise de décision dans l'amont pétrolier." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0272.
Full textTwo important characteristics of petroleum exploration and production investment are the high financial amounts and uncertainties. For these reasons, the risk analysis should be implemented in the projects evaluation and the selection process. Depending on their available resources, petroleum companies choose a number of projects on the basis of som criteria : the net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index. However, these criteria appear to be insufficient if we consider, on the one hand, the absence of risk idea which is an essential element of the petroleum industry, on the other hand the omission of the correlations and interactions between different projects. In this paper, in order to make up for the lacks of the traditional approach, we apply a variant of Markowitzs method to determine the efficient portfolio exploration and production projects that insure the best compromise minimum risk-maximum return under the different constraints faced by the company. A practical application of this method about selection of petroleum exploration projects in the North Sea is presented. This practica case illustrates the influence of the crude price in the choice of the portfolio
Ledoux, Élise. "Projets architecturaux dans le secteur sanitaire et social : du bâtiment au projet : la contribution des ergonomes à l'instruction des choix." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0348.
Full textJankovic, Marija. "Prise des décisions collaboratives dans le processus de conception de nouveaux produits. Application à l'automobile." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181452.
Full text- Gérer le projet dans la phase de définition des objectifs ;
- Suivre le progrès global de cette phase ;
- Avoir une meilleure visibilité de la convergence des objectifs ;
- Organiser la prise des décisions collaboratives.
Atalla, El-Awady Attia El-Awady. "Prise en compte de la flexibilité des ressources humaines dans la planification et l’ordonnancement des activités industrielles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0018/document.
Full textThe growing need of responsiveness for manufacturing companies facing the market volatility raises a strong demand for flexibility in their organization. This flexibility can be used to enhance the robustness of a baseline schedule for a given programme of activities. Since the company personnel are increasingly seen as the core of the organizational structures, they provide the decision-makers with a source of renewable and viable flexibility. First, this work was implemented to model the problem of multi-period workforce allocation on industrial activities with two degrees of flexibility: the annualizing of the working time, which offers opportunities of changing the schedules, individually as well as collectively. The second degree of flexibility is the versatility of operators, which induces a dynamic view of their skills and the need to predict changes in individual performances as a result of successive assignments. The dynamic nature of workforce’s experience was modelled in function of learning-by-doing and of oblivion phenomenon during the work interruption periods. We firmly set ourselves in a context where the expected durations of activities are no longer deterministic, but result from the number and levels of experience of the workers assigned to perform them. After that, the research was oriented to answer the question “What kind of problem is raises the project we are facing to schedule?”: therefore the different dimensions of the project are inventoried and analysed to be measured. For each of these dimensions, the related sensitive assessment methods have been proposed. Relying on the produced correlated measures, the research proposes to aggregate them through a factor analysis in order to produce the main principal components of an instance. Consequently, the complexity or the easiness of solving or realising a given scheduling problem can be evaluated. In that view, we developed a platform software to solve the problem and construct the project baseline schedule with the associated resources allocation. This platform relies on a genetic algorithm. The model has been validated, moreover, its parameters has been tuned to give the best performance, relying on an experimental design procedure. The robustness of its performance was also investigated, by a comprehensive solving of four hundred instances of projects, ranked according to the number of their tasks. Due to the dynamic aspect of the workforce’s experience, this research work investigates a set of different parameters affecting the development of their versatility. The results recommend that the firms seeking for flexibility should accept an amount of extra cost to develop the operators’ multi functionality. In order to control these over-costs, the number of operators who attend a skill development program should be optimised, as well as the similarity of the new developed skills relative to the principal ones, or the number of the additional skills an operator may be trained to, or finally the way the operators’ working hours should be distributed along the period of skill acquisition: this is the field of investigations of the present work which will, in the end, open the door for considering human factors and workforce’s flexibility in generating a work baseline program
Fortoul-Obermöller, Anna. "La délibération prospective dans la fabrique de la décision : une analyse rétrospective appliquée au projet d'innovation." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN0653.
Full textMOUNIER, JEAN-PHILIPPE. "Le projet urbaformes : modelisation declarative de parcours pour la prise de connaissance d'un environnement architectural ou urbain." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2044.
Full textStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Full textGarcia, Guillen Emilie. "Pris dans la Grande Bibliothèque. Entre attachements et dérives :Des professionnels de la culture en mode projet." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/323756.
Full textThe thesis explores a project for the design of a large library in a recently created French metropolis, which is intended to be a flagship cultural facility for the agglomeration. The stakes of this large library, which is supposed to be 'meaningful and forward-looking for the inhabitants', are therefore very important for the elected officials in various ways (dynamism of the cultural policy, image of the city, influence of the metropolis, etc.). The research focuses more specifically on the activity of librarians working on this library, "in project mode". My problematic stems from a surprise: one might expect the design of such a facility to be a moment of effervescence, ebullience, confrontation of visions, experimentation and inventiveness for the professionals. Now, three years after the project manager took up her post and my investigation began, it seems that the library that is taking shape closely resembles many other large establishments created in France in recent years (in terms of architecture, services, etc.). "In fact, I think that the politicians' order was to have a library," says a librarian in charge of a working group [in early 2020]. This surprising remark highlights the gap between the openness that the project's perspective seemed to promise and the ordinary nature of what is going to be done: in the end, it was just a matter of designing a library. This thesis seeks to understand how the process of imagining this great library, carried out in 'project mode' following a managerial device that today strongly permeates the cultural sector, is a process that tends to alter inventiveness, imagination and research concerning the future place. It should be said that 'altering' does not mean prohibiting or destroying: rather, I seek to show that the project mode makes the project something other than a process centered on the design of a place that 'carries meaning and a future for the inhabitants'. Inspired by the approach of pragmatic sociology, I will try to grasp the project through the circulation of models that contribute to its framing and the hold of managerialization, while remaining attentive to the interstices and overflows through which other desires and other holds on this great library are revealed.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Beck, Amina. "Choix de projets pharmaceutiques : exemple d'application des méthodes Electre IV et Prométhée III et comparaison avec une méthode multicritère d'aide à la décision, méthode des toiles." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOE019.
Full textFraser, Matthew. "Télévision sans frontières : décryptage d'un "grand projet" européen." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0033.
Full textIn a context of globalisation of the television industry, the European commission drafted an audiovisual directive, "television without frontiers". Given that national governments were increasingly unable to regulate the audiovisual sector, it seemed logical that the supranational European Union should have regulatory authority over the sector. The television without frontiers policy -- first issued as a green paper in 1984 and then published as a directive in 1986 -- would be the subject of considerable debate and controversy. The general orientation of the policy was modified according to internal division within European Union institutions and due to external pressures. The directive was finally adopted in October 1989 after a "political compromise" between EU member States within the European Council. This compromise position more or less managed to reconcile the two competing orientations -- pro-market liberalism and colbertist dirigisme -- reflected in the text of the policy. However, the implementation of the policy proved difficult and, as a result, in 1994 the European Commission began an ambitious "reform" of the policy. The reform, adopted in 1996, put an end to the dirigiste "grand projet" aspects of the policy
Pereira, Maria Liliana Ines Emparan Martins. "Projeto Prisma: uma alternativa de trabalho com crianças com queixa escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-24092009-090753/.
Full textThe aim of this paper is to analyze a psycho pedagogical intervention Project about children with school complaint named Prisma Project: the challenge of a new viewing. Our objective was supported by a study of the learning difficulties within a group of nine lower-class children. The research material was analyzed in a qualitative manner, aiming identify the concepts of school problems causes which were present in the instruments of the analyzed project: interviews, evaluations and a work proposal developed with the children and their families. Contribution of Patto and others (1990) and Hellers (2000) papers brought the theoretical-methodological support. The analysis showed the co-existence of different conceptions about the causes of childrens school problems. It was observed the repetition of the prejudiced views that point the origins of school complaints to the children and their families. On the other hand, the new theoretical-methodological contributions allowed identifying some paradoxes: though Prisma attributed some deficiencies and worked in order to resolve them, children could use their all potential to learn in the situations that have been proposed. Besides, Prisma, with no conscious, learnt what the school did not do and this allowed children, for example, to write and to solution mathematics problems. This situation has disclosed children do not have learning difficulties, but the school has teaching difficulties. As from this conclusion, it became possible to discuss and analyze specifically the function of the psycho pedagogical work that has been developed, in order to comprehend and interfere in school problems.
NIVET, MARIE-LAURE. "De visu : un logiciel pour la prise en compte de l'accessibilite visuelle dans le projet architectural, urbain ou paysager." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2009.
Full textMarle, Franck. "Modèles d'information et méthodes pour aider à la prise de décision en management de projets." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143219.
Full textÀ partir d'informations incomplètes et peu sûres et sous une pression constante, il est difficile aujourd'hui de prendre des décisions fiables, notamment dans l'élaboration du projet, ce qui peut avoir de graves conséquences sur le succès du projet.
Le travail de recherche, appliqué chez PSA Peugeot-Citroën, a donné les résultats suivants :
Création d'un référentiel projet qui identifie les objets constituant un projet et son environnement, les interactions entre ces objets, à l'intérieur d'un projet ou entre projets ou entre projets et autres entités, et les caractéristiques internes de description de ces objets,
Description de trois opérateurs de base de l'élaboration de projet, qui contribuent à rationaliser les méthodes de conception de projet,
Intégration de ces informations et méthodes dans un support unique qui :
Formalise une information jusque là pas toujours disponible, sur les interactions que chacun a avec son environnement direct, et sur les caractéristiques décrivant la situation de chacun,
Structure cette information en un format standard, permettant une interactivité et une représentation graphique poussée tenant en un écran (1 A4),
Aide à la prise de décision;
par l'apport d'informations supplémentaires et plus fiables,
par l'apport de méthodologie pour le déroulement des processus de décision dans l'élaboration de projet, à savoir pour la décomposition, l'affectation et la gestion de l'état d'avancement. Cela fiabilise le processus de décision,
Met en relation des personnes et crée des échanges, voire des réseaux qui permettent d'étudier notamment des chaînes d'influence et de contribution, ce qui contribue à décloisonner les métiers et les supports de communication, du type organigramme des tâches ou planning,
Permet de mieux évaluer l'impact d'un changement ou d'une décision, par la visualisation des réactions en cascade initiées par les interactions identifiées,
Permet de partager les représentations et les perceptions des personnes, afin de profiter de la richesse qu'il y a à récupérer des autres.
Wahlström, Daniel, and Leo Wen. "Värdering av vindkraftsprojekt : En studie på risk- och avkastningsförändring vid försäljning av el till ett rörligt pris jämfört med ett fixt pris." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Produktionsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165073.
Full textAs interest for wind power investment increases, market participants require access to more information regarding which factors that can affect the income generating capacities of their investments. Since income can be generated through various structures of selling electricity, stakeholders need better understanding regarding the income generating capacity of each structure over time. In this thesis we have examined aggregated income and estimated risk measures over one year for three different methods of selling electricity: selling to the Nord Pool Spot market, selling through Baseload PPA and selling through As-produced PPA. For the examination we have tried to replicate distributional and time series attributes for wind speeds, spot prices and regulating (balancing) prices. Our results demonstrate promising replicability for wind speeds, and quite promising replicability for spot prices and balancing prices. We show that higher expected aggregated income also implies higher estimated risk. Highest expected aggregated income was generated from selling to the Market, followed by Baseload PPA and lowest income was generated for As-produced PPA. Estimated risk measures followed the same pattern, where selling to the Market demonstrated highest Value-at-Risk, followed by Baseload PPA and the lowest estimated risk was found in As-produced PPA. Finally we also conclude that As-produced PPA is the largest mitigator of risk between the two examined PPA alternatives. Our study has been conducted under many delimitations and assumptions which need to be thoroughly understood before utilizing conclusions from this study. Some assumptions we take are stationarity in spot prices, no loss in power production due to type of surface surrounding the wind turbine, we only used one turbine and we assumed no losses in transmission nor any costs from Nord Pool. Furthermore, our study examines how electricity is sold from a wind power producer who sells all their electricity by themselves and who also does not have access to trading through the Intraday market. Another limitation in the study is that we do not have measurement data from actual wind farm locations, but data from a publicly available source that is within an undisclosed vicinity of some wind farms. Since positioning of wind power turbines is very important to maximize potential output, this limitation will affect our results since our used wind data might not be attractive enough for many potential investors. We finally recommend further study within the field, especially researching ways to handle lack of stationarity in spot prices.
Abichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020/document.
Full textThis work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached
Benoist, Jean-Claude. "Projet et prise de décision dans des institutions de formation : "étude du management participatif d'associations éducatives en Ille-et-Vilaine "." Tours, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOUR2001.
Full textIt is common in decision making, to associate however the information level of different actors with their own plans (h. A. Simon). The determining elements in decision making are integrate into an evolutionary field in a decisional mode include in an organizational structure. In there you can find the information system end his control, the operational standardized procedures and the personality of the different actors. One may also think that the field of decision in an association has its own characteristics and that it can be probably affected in its planning procedures by the rationality of decisions to be made. The multiplicity of partners, the great number the of interactions possibilities, the negociations between the various elements can change the processes. The following study attempts to apprehend the opposition between "planning and decision making" for peoplewho are working in training establishments with alternation pedagogy in "maison familiales of ille et vilaine france". To give a special pertinence to our "action research" we have using with nine associations the nominal group technique (ngt). This tool (ngt), virtually unknown in france, but used in usa and canada proved here, to be effective in management throught the participation in decision making with about one hundred actors. The ngt turned out to be a precise instrument as regards planning for associations and a good
Jönerfall, Alexander, and Lukas Fritz. "Samkoordinerade inköp för organisationer med kundanpassade projekt : En explorativ fallstudie inom massa- och pappersindustrin." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78936.
Full textIn manufacturing companies, the purchase cost can account for 60-80 percent of the total product cost. The high purchase cost emphasizes the importance of identifying a cost-effective purchasing strategy that reduces the total cost of purchasing. Such a purchasing strategy can be to purchase larger order volumes in order to obtain quantity discounts. Previous research on quantity discounts is centered on the purchase of standard components in large volumes, thus a lack of research on quantity discounts for organizations that do not apply this type of purchase exists. Therefore, this study aims to examine how a larger order volume with coordinated purchases affects the total cost of purchasing for an organization with high customer customization and low annual order volume. It was done with an exploratory case study of an organization that operates according to engineer-to-order (ETO) with large-scale projects, high customer customization and low annual order volume. The data collection in the case study consisted of a mixed-method approach that includes a dominant qualitative phase followed by an underlying quantitative phase. The collected data was further used in a cost analysis to evaluate how identified factors affected the organisation's total cost of purchasing and whether coordinated purchases can be considered a cost-effective purchasing strategy in this context. The result of the study shows that the purchase price is reduced, and the inventory cost is increased by coordinated purchases for organizations with high customer customization and low annual order volume. The purchasing organization can affect the factors: order volume and design of items, which results in a cost change for the supplier’s factors: manufacturing, materials, transport and administration. The cost analysis shows that a cost reduction is achieved through coordinated purchases for the studied organisation. Some uncertainties about the result arises as coordinated purchases create a new situation for inventory management where cost data is missing. The synergies of coordinated purchasing can further be enhanced by a shift towards single sourcing, centralized purchasing and increased degree of standardization. The main contribution of the study is the identification of factors in the suppliers' operations that are affected by the combination of coordinated purchases and the characteristics of ETO, and how they generate quantity discounts.
Boulin, Audrey. "Les internats d'excellence : un dispositif au prisme de l'expérience adolescente." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H014/document.
Full textIntended for « pupils of disadvantaged backgrounds », especially pupils from educational priority zones and underprivileged urban areas, the dispositif of internats d’excellence (Boarding schools for excellence), created by the Plan « Espoir banlieues » (2008), aims at promoting equality of opportunities and social diversity within school structures. This thesis offers a sociological qualitative analysis of this dispositif through teenage experience. By means of fieldwork (observations, interviews, questionnaires and analysis of schoolrecords) in one internat d’excellence during two years, we will show how teenagers, considered as actors, appropriate the different objectives of the dispositif. We will consider how the dispositif affects teenage experience : teenagers change their sociability, their hobbies and their schoolwork, but not always in the way planned by the dispositif. At the same time, we will see that teenage experience questions the dispositif and reveals its grey areas
Magakian, Jean-Louis. "Une perspective constructionniste des conversations stratégiques dans le processus d'idéation du dirigeant." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_magakian_j-l.pdf.
Full textThe purpose of our thesis is to explore how a manager orients his mind within the context of strategy-making. Several works demonstrate that strategy as practice cannot be limited to identifying, justifying and finalizing a plan. Planning consists in constructing in constructing mediation tools in order to engineer a dynamic interplay between stakeholders. This work focuses on the way strategic ideas are shaped. Ideation has to be inscribed in the field of strategy as practice and micro-actions it requires have to be identifying. How does the ideation process manifest itself within the framework of strategy making? How is this mind-activity oriented and cognitively oriented? How does a manager sustain his strategic-thinking through mental-action? Here, ideation is grounded in organized practice. In order to explore these issues without resorting to psychological concepts, we have adopted externalistic and materialistic theoretical framework of ideation. This implies a unity of mind and language at the heart of social-constructionist epistemology and cognitive conception of language supported by several authors as Vygotski, Leontiev, Bakhtine and also Wittgenstein. Today these authors are widely quoted in the context of management research, notably to understand the relationship between conversations and the organizing. This exploratory research illustrated with three years study of one manager's ideation process
Abichou, Bouthaïna. "Contribution à la formalition de bilans/états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0020.
Full textThis work is addressing the health assessment of a multi-component system by means of multi-levels health check-up. Thus scientific Ph. D. objective aims to establish items of a generic health check-up concept. It focuses specifically on the functions of anomaly detection, normalization and aggregation of different indicators to develop a synthetic index representing the overall health status for each element within the system. In that way, it is proposed a new approach for detecting conditional anomalies. This approach has the advantage of quantifying the deviation for each indicator compared to its nominal behavior while taking into account the context in which the system operates. An extension of the Choquet integral used as an operator aggregating indicators is also proposed. This extension regards on the one hand, a process of an unsupervised learning of the capacity coefficients for the lowest level of abstraction, namely components level, and on the other hand, an approach to inference them from one level to another. These contributions are implemented on a ship diesel engine which is the most critical system for the BMCI project of the MER-PACA pole to which this thesis is attached
Picand, Sébastien. "Prise en charge des risques des projets de développement à caractère innovant : : proposition d'un outil de mise en oeuvre dans l'industrie mécanique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006221.
Full textMabrouk, Mohamed. "Modélisation et aide à la décision pour la conception d'une démarche d'amélioration continue durable d'un système complexe : Evaluation des performances et accompagnement des entreprises dans un projet de responsabilité sociétale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0111/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with an evaluation framework and support of sustainable development projects in companies. First, a literature review on concepts, standards and tools related to sustainable development and Corporate Social Responsibility has been conducted. In this sense, the insufficiency of taking into account of stakeholders’ points of view in such a process has been highlighted. Moreover, the integration of sustainable development and methodological tools in project management represents a strategic imperative. Therefore, the implementation of an integration strategy of sustainable development in project management is necessary. Firstly, we have proposed a characterization model for overall performance, integrating the economic, environmental and social performances in corporate management. Secondly, we have associated a generic approach with this model in order to propose a methodology and complete support for decision-making throughout the project. Such an approach is based on the project life cycle which helps decision makers in their strategic orientations. Finally, the methodology is supported by an « informatics tool » which makes its integration simplified and allows better decision-makings
Bichon, Simon. "Le mode projet dans le système de décision des organisations bureaucratiques : Le cas des projets internes d'une collectivité territoriale." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1009.
Full textThis research, performed on the field-based approach, aims to give a more intelligible view of the project mode in the decision-making system within bureaucratic organizations. As this subject lacked of both conceptual and empiric evidences, it was analyzed on a real-time and longitudinal basis by means of embedded case study, composed of five internal projects performed in a territorial community. To advance deeper with the complexity of the subject, a conceptual frame was specifically done on the basis of a multidimensional approach. Then, several methological tools, from floating observation to action-research, were mobilized in order to identify if the practices tackled are either originated in a singular or repetitive approach. Finally, this thesis results, highly revealed through the exercise of reflexivity, show us that the analysis of the mode project in decision-making system within a bureaucratic organization can’t be lead without using the concept of instantiation. Moreover, within the public bureaucracies, the internal projects suffer from an unachieved instantiation, undermining their efficiency
Zerbo, Roger. "Dynamiques sociales des comportements de santé au Burkina Faso: approche anthropologique de la prise en charge de la tuberculose dans la région du plateau central." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209842.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Hoeser, Utz. "A la recherche de projets : l'action aveugle des banques de développement." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0027.
Full textThis thesis is based on an empirical study of the organizational functioning of five development banks (world bank, international finance corporation, European investment bank, Nordic investment bank, and the French Caisse francaise de developpement). It analyzes the way these internationally active banks make development policy. Contrary to the "official" model of governance, according to which development banks follow the missions and policy guidelines set by their owner countries, our findings show that development policy is created at the level of the banks' professionals who de facto choose the projects that meet their own objectives. These professionnals cannot respect the official criteria of project choice, because doing so would even further limit their options in an already highly competitive market for projects. Heavily constrained in their choice, these professionals successfully adopt a number of strategies to increase their autonomy of action. The "real" development policy, then, is in fact the incremental result of professionals' individual choices of projects. This mode of organizational functioning has a certain number of undesired consequences with regard to the banks' initial missions: they are no longer a subsidiary source of finance, as foreseen by their founding fathers, but compete with other banks for the best projects, they actively market their funds in search of projects, or even create ex nihilo new projects to keep up existing loan levels
Mennis, Allal. "Le commerce électronique : construction d’une approche d'évaluation et de conception pour la prise de décision de sa mise en oeuvre." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21006.
Full textRodney, Elodie. "Développement d’une méthode de gestion des risques de projet et d’aide à la décision en contexte incertain : application au domaine des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0399/document.
Full textRisk is an inherent property of each project. Indeed, any project faces, throughout its whole life cycle, numerous risks. Those risks can have an internal or an external origin. Be able to control risks is a crucial stake for the project success. Many risk management tools have been developed, but have the recurring weakness of representing only the project and treating the risk in isolation. Risks affect the project and are generated by the project itself. So, it is necessary to consider the numerous and complex interactions between project, environment and risks.The work carried out aims to develop a risk management method suitable for all types of projects and more particularly for projects of the competitive field of renewable energies.This method relies on a formal framework, as well as on application tools to optimize project risk management. Indeed, a modeling framework which supports the method and aims to facilitate the modeling of the project as a complex system has been developed. Moreover, the representation of the interactions and the decision making have been allowed by the nature of the attributes characterizing the entities of the project and its environment and the different models for evaluation, interpretation and selection of alternatives. This method was adapted to the uncertain context. For this purpose, uncertainties have been identified and described via the realization of a data base on risk factors. Then, uncertainties have been formalized, propagated and evaluated
Gaudin, Solène. "Villes moyennes et rénovation urbaine : discours et actions d'une transaction spatiale : exemples pris en Bretagne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929827.
Full textAbichou, Bouthaina. "Contribution à la formalisation de bilans / états de santé multi-niveaux d'un système pour aider à la prise de décision en maintenance : agrégation d'indicateurs par l'intégrale de Choquet." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839731.
Full textHumbert, Pierre. "Approche informationnelle pour la prise en compte des contextes d'usage dans la conception d'outils de travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur : apports et limites d'une démarche de veille stratégique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ007L.
Full textThe thesis drives a discussion on contributions of a strategic watch process to guide information practices of the CSCW software designers in very small business (VSB) context. We defend the idea that the actors of CSCW software design process have to build an ability to anticipate the meaning assigned by future users to the product they are specifying. This ability could be supported by a learning process to which a watch approach could participate. We think that the problem can be treated in two times. First, are the designers able to allow their design practices to evolve in order to build a knowledge on appropriation surroundings oriented to a more sociologicaland organizational perspective than functional and technical ? Then, can a learning process supported by strategic watch contribute to this evolution ? These questions are treated through a design project case study for which we identify different influence factors, then through a methodological proposition that we drive a critic approach at a second time and, finally, through a study on several methodological alternatives contribution