Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Project Design, Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)'

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) introducerades tidigt på 2000-talet för att främja ett arbete med datorbaserade modeller samt involvering av produktionsplanering i designfasen. VDC är ett koncept som idag har anammats inom många bygg- och konsultföretag för att utveckla arbetet med Building Information Model (BIM), innovationer och samverkan inom byggprojekt. Konceptet VDC förändras ständigt och omdefinieras av enskilda individer och företag. Det här resulterar i att det råder en begreppsförvirring hur VDC ska definieras och hur arbete med VDC ska genomföras. Vidare tenderar många byggprojekt att vara fragmenterade med projektmedlemmar som främst fokuserar på sitt eget teknikområde. För att minska fragmentering mellan projektmedlemmar kan integrerade arbetsmetoder tillämpas. Syftet med examensarbetet är därför dels att undersöka innebörden av VDC som koncept och även hur VDC kan stimulera integrerade arbetsmetoder. Ämnet utforskas kvalitativt med vetenskaplig litteratur och intervjustudie. Den vetenskapliga litteraturen definierar konceptuellt VDC och två integrerade arbetsmetoder Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) och Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Varvid intervjustudien inkluderar respondenter från byggsektorn vars reflektioner om det studerade ämnet presenteras. Studien är geografiskt avgränsad till Sverige.  I resultatet påvisas den rådande tvetydigheten huruvida VDC definieras. För att undvika begreppsförvirring kan det vara behövligt med en gemensam definition av VDC i byggbranschen och även nationella riktlinjer vilka beskriver hur arbete med VDC ska utföras. Vidare kan VDC stimulera ett integrerat arbetssätt genom en ökad samhörighet inom byggprojekt med bland annat gemensamma formuleringar av projektmål och gemensam problemlösning mellan projektmedlemmar.
Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) was introduced early in the 21st century in order to encourage work with computer based models and construction planning in the design phase. VDC is a concept that has been embraced by several construction and consulting companies in order to develop their work with Building Information Model (BIM), innovations and cooperation within construction projects. VDC is a concept that keeps evolving and is being redefined by individuals and companies. This has contributed to a conceptual confusion within the construction sector about the definition of VDC. Furthermore, construction projects tend to be fragmented with project members that are working in silos and primarily focusing on their own discipline. In order to decrease the fragmentation within construction projects integrated working methods can be applied. Therefor the purpose of this master thesis is to explore the concept VDC and how it can stimulate integrated working methods.  The study is examined using qualitative methods based on scientific literature and an interview study. The scientific literature is defining VDC conceptually and two integrated working methods Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). Furthermore, the interview study includes respondents from the construction industry whose reflections and thoughts about the subject are being presented. The study is geographically limited to Sweden.  The result shows the current ambiguity of how VDC is defined. In order to avoid a conceptual confusion a common definition should be formulated with national guidelines that describe how work with VDC should be conducted. Furthermore, VDC can stimulate an integrated approach through increased cohesion within construction projects, including common objectives within the project and joint problem solving between project members.

Master of Science
Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science
Julia A. Keen
The purpose of this report is to provide information on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) as a construction project delivery method and identify some of the obstacles that are limiting its implementation into the design and construction industry. This report includes a general overview of IPD and a comparison to traditional project delivery methods: Design-Bid-Build, Design-Build, and Construction Manager at Risk. The advantages of IPD and its possible positive impact on the industry is introduced followed by the three major obstacles that must be evaluated and resolved before this delivery method can begin to be embraced by the industry. The three major obstacles include: contracts, insurance, and IPD structure for facilitation. Each of these obstacles is explored in detail and solutions being successfully implemented by industry professionals are presented. Finally, conclusions about the future of IPD are presented along with future research that needs to be conducted for a better overall understanding of IPD.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisors: Cynthia Tsao C.Y. (Committee Chair), T. Michael Baseheart (Committee Member), Harfmann Anton C. (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Sept. 27, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Integrated Project Delivery (IPD); relational contracting; relational relationship; innovation Includes bibliographical references.

Los proyectos de construcción suelen tener relaciones adversarias entre colaboradores, bajos ratios de productividad, alto grado de ineficiencia y re trabajo, frecuentes disputas y poca innovación. Como resultado, se tienen proyectos que son muy costosos y que no cumplen con los plazos especificados. Este panorama puede ser visto desde enfoques diversos de solución, empezando por la mejora de la productividad, la tecnología, entre otros. Sin embargo, es necesario revisar las bases mismas de la relación entre las empresas que forman parte de un proyecto y, a partir de ello, presentar un nuevo modo de trabajo colaborativo: el IPD, un marco de trabajo integrador de resultados fascinantes.

The objective of this thesis is to explore BIM, IPD and their implementation into a building project contract. The Integrated Delivery Processes is comprised of a collaborative team of Designers, Constructors, and Owners working side by side to create a successful project. BIM has been introduced as a technology into the industry, as a tool that these parties can use for better understanding the project. Through case studies of IPD projects using BIM are observed, it was determined that although BIM was used, one problem faced is the lack of BIM standards included initially in a contract for in an IPD project. There are templates available by the AIA, AGC, and USACE, but they are not all standalone documents. A guideline for the parities to discuss will be introduced as conversation piece that would help segue into what might be included in the contract documents.

Ingeniero Civil
Las estrategias de ejecución de proyectos corresponden a la forma en el cual el mandante materializa las fases de Ingeniería y Construcción de su proyecto, estableciendo a las diferentes empresas participantes, en qué momento se incorporan éstas al proyecto, cómo se distribuyen las responsabilidades, entre otros aspectos. Todo lo definido en este proceso se establece en los contratos entre el dueño de proyecto y las diferentes empresas de Ingeniería y Construcción. Uno de los principales problemas que evidencian las estrategias tradicionales de ejecución de proyectos, es que en general se desarrollan bajo un ambiente donde cada empresa participante busca obtener los mayores beneficios con el menor esfuerzo posible, en una estructura jerárquica vertical (mandante-diseñadores-constructores) donde cada actor se aboca al desarrollo del trabajo propio involucrándose escasamente con otras especialidades. La estrategia de ejecución de proyectos conocida como Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), presentada en el año 2007, por The American Institute of Architects (AIA) busca dar solución a los principales problemas que generan las estrategias de ejecución comúnmente utilizadas (DB, DBB, EPC, EPCM y CMc). La estrategia IPD se caracteriza por involucrar tempranamente a los principales actores en fases de diseño del proyecto en un ambiente de cooperación, innovación y coordinación enfocándose en optimizar los recursos, procesos y actividades para finalizar en forma eficaz el proyecto. El objetivo principal de esta memoria es analizar la situación actual y tendencias de la estrategia IPD en proyectos. Para contextualizar al lector, se realiza un estudio sobre las estrategias tradicionales de ejecución de proyectos, y en particular sobre la estrategia IPD, para entender su aplicación en cada una de las fases del ciclo de vida del proyecto. Se entrevistan a profesionales expertos en la materia para obtener información acerca de los procesos de definición de las estrategias de ejecución y para saber si la estrategia IPD podría ser aplicable en proyectos que se desarrollan en Chile, en particular, si la cultura de las empresas favorece la implementación de los principios y aspectos contractuales que establece la estrategia IPD. Una de las principales conclusiones obtenidas en esta memoria, es que no existiría una mejor estrategia de ejecución, todas muestran ventajas y desventajas ante ciertos escenarios. La estrategia IPD posee características y principios que aumentan las probabilidades de éxito y de obtención de mejores soluciones tanto de diseño como constructivas. Sin embargo, en relación a su implementación, se debe reconocer que se requiere un importante cambio cultural en las organizaciones para poder establecer contratos acordes con estas características, algo que en el corto plazo parece difícil y que en la actualidad solo algunas empresas y dueños podrían llevar a cabo con éxito.

The goal of this Ph.D. research is to explore the IPD contractual strategies, to highlight the elements that distinguish IPD from a traditional delivery approach, to analyze how trust-based relationships are established and promoted, and to demonstrate if/how trust and IPD contractual principles correlate. The result of this research will promote the understanding of the industry on the strategies that promote trust and integration through real world case studies. The significance of the subject becomes more evident when reflecting on the current industry's crisis: productivity loss, fragmented delivery process, and lack of trust and collaboration. Through a literature review a Project Delivery and Contracting Strategies (PDCS) framework, an IPD traits framework, and a trust-Building framework are developed. The frameworks are used as the organizational tools to structure and inquire relevant information on the two IPD projects. An expert panel is assembled to discuss the frameworks and the findings of literature analysis and to seek the industry's insight on the units of analysis for contract, and the units of measure for trust. The units of analysis for contract are elements, such as strategies for risks/rewards sharing, liability considerations, decision making authority, and governance. The units of measure for trust are the individuals' perception, and the trust-building attributes as outlined in table 4-1. Two IPD projects were selected and their contract agreements were studied. A questionnaire including both open-ended questions and multiple choice questions was developed based on the information collected through: 1. the IPD agreements in each case study, 2. the literature-based frameworks on trust and project delivery contracting strategies. Accordingly, two IPD case studies are developed following the analysis of their IPD agreements and the individual one-on-one interviews with their key IPD players. The trust-building framework presented in this work includes a series of techniques that the contracting parties can follow when establishing their contractual and managerial strategies and also when interacting with each other.
Ph. D.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The âMinha Casa Minha Vidaâ (MCMV), which aims to reduce the housing deficit, launched its second phase, with a bold goal to hire two million housing units by the year 2014. While this economic environment encouraged companies in the Construction Industry, they were not adequately prepared to absorb the new demands. To reach them, we need to implement innovations in traditional processes of design and construction of this type of housing, increasing productivity, but without loss of quality of the products generated. The projects related to housing construction have become increasingly complex, and has increased the number of projects needed to better execution of the work, causing serious problems of compatibility and rework. In view of the peculiar characteristics of the enterprises of Social Housing (HIS), the profit margins offered by these are greatly reduced, forcing companies to pursue lower production costs and execution time of compression, in order to minimize the incidence of fixed costs. It is worth noting that the initial stages of development, such as program and project are those that present the greatest opportunities for intervention and value. In some countries, especially the United States, these problems have been minimized through approaches such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and the use of design tools such as the Building Information Modeling (BIM). In turn, the vast majority of projects in Brazil, especially the HIS, are not designed with this in mind integration. Within this context, the aim of this work is to propose guidelines for increasing the level of integrated management for design firms that operate in MCMV (range 0-3 minimum wages), based on the principles of IPD. This is a qualitative study with an exploratory-descriptive and research strategy used was the multiple case study, divided into four phases: literature review, exploratory stage, stage of conducting case studies and step analyzes and propositions . Therefore, we carried out a survey to contextualize the partial results of the program and analyze the role of each of the major players involved. There was a peculiarity in the state of CearÃ: the Sinduscon-Ce provides companies affiliated three types of architectural design, installations and structures (reference projects). We investigated how was the design process of these types and the level of integration between professionals. The main tool for data collection were semi-structured interviews with the designers, with the representative of Box and Sinduscon. Based on these data, we carried out a cross-sectional analysis of business and design, as well as a diagnosis of these assumptions with respect to the IPD. We also propose an adaptation of the principles of IPD directed to designers Finally, the main contribution of this work is to propose guidelines for increasing the level of integrated management between designers working in MCMV, relating them to the principles of IPD .
O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV), que tem por finalidade reduzir o dÃficit habitacional brasileiro, lanÃou sua segunda fase, com uma meta ousada de contratar dois milhÃes de unidades habitacionais atà o ano de 2014. Ao mesmo tempo em que este cenÃrio econÃmico incentivava as empresas da IndÃstria da ConstruÃÃo Civil, estas nÃo estavam adequadamente preparadas para absorver as novas demandas. Para alcanÃÃ-las, à preciso implementar inovaÃÃes nos processos tradicionais de projeto e construÃÃo deste tipo de moradia, aumentando a produtividade, porÃm sem prejuÃzo de qualidade dos produtos gerados. Os projetos ligados à construÃÃo habitacional tÃm se tornado cada vez mais complexos, bem como tem aumentado a quantidade de projetos necessÃrios a uma melhor execuÃÃo da obra, provocando sÃrios problemas de compatibilizaÃÃo e retrabalho. Em face das caracterÃsticas peculiares dos empreendimentos de HabitaÃÃo de Interesse Social (HIS), as margens de lucro proporcionadas por estes sÃo bastante reduzidas, forÃando as empresas a perseguirem menores custos de produÃÃo e a compressÃo dos prazos de execuÃÃo, como forma de minimizar a incidÃncia de custos fixos. Cabe ressaltar ainda que as etapas iniciais do empreendimento, tais como o programa e o projeto, sÃo as que apresentam as maiores oportunidades de intervenÃÃo e agregaÃÃo de valor. Em alguns paÃses, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, estes problemas tÃm sido minimizados atravÃs de abordagens como o Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) e do uso de ferramentas de projeto tais como o Building Information Modeling (BIM). Por sua vez, a grande maioria dos empreendimentos brasileiros, especialmente os de HIS, nÃo sÃo desenvolvidos dentro deste espÃrito de integraÃÃo. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho à propor diretrizes para aumentar o nÃvel de gestÃo integrada em empresas de projeto que atuam no programa MCMV (faixa de 0-3 salÃrios mÃnimos), com base nos princÃpios do IPD. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com carÃter exploratÃrio-descritivo, e a estratÃgia de pesquisa utilizada foi o estudo de caso mÃltiplo, dividida em quatro fases: pesquisa bibliogrÃfica, etapa exploratÃria, etapa de conduÃÃo dos estudos de caso e etapa de anÃlises e proposiÃÃes. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento para contextualizar os resultados parciais do referido programa e analisar o papel de cada um dos principais agentes envolvidos. Verificou-se uma particularidade no estado do CearÃ: o Sinduscon-Ce disponibiliza Ãs empresas filiadas trÃs tipologias de projeto de arquitetura, instalaÃÃes e estruturas (projetos de referÃncia). Investigou-se como se deu o processo de projeto destas tipologias e qual o nÃvel de integraÃÃo entre os profissionais. A principal ferramenta para a coleta de dados foram as entrevistas semiestruturadas com os projetistas, com representante da Caixa e do Sinduscon. Com base nesses dados, realizou-se uma anÃlise cruzada das empresas e projeto, assim como um diagnÃstico destas com relaÃÃo aos postulados do IPD. PropÃe-se ainda uma adaptaÃÃo dos princÃpios do IPD direcionada para os projetistas Por fim, a principal contribuiÃÃo deste trabalho à a proposiÃÃo de diretrizes para aumentar o nÃvel de gestÃo integrada entre os projetistas que atuam no programa MCMV, relacionando-as aos princÃpios do IPD.

This thesis examines an American form of partnering, Integrated project Delivery (IPD) for the purpose of implementing it in the Swedish construction industry. To do this the current Swedish standard of partnering, Samverkan, is compared to IPD. The cooperating company is In3prenör AB who are interested in IPD and want to establish if profitable elements can be implemented in their current modus operandi. The thesis was carried out in ten weeks. The thesis was limited to the implementation of IPD towards suppliers, sub- and joint contractors and has held a more speculative view towards employers. Methodically a literature study was done to collect data and knowledge about IPD. Through an interview study data was collected from key figures in two partnering projects who all had previous experience with partnering. From this data a status analysis was done for the purpose of comparing IPD and Samverkan. The results showed that the respondents have had positive experiences with partnering. The majority group of respondents feel partnering results in a nicer working environment and a best-for-project mindset. The respondents held the view that Samverkan is "merely nice words" but the results prove otherwise. The thesis concludes that the primary differences lie in IPD's more complete framework and Samverkan's softer values. The relationship between buyer and main contractor needs to be reworked on the contractual level. Based on the interviews, the authors believe that there is much to be gained through long-term relationships. At the start of new project, the desired results can then be advanced rather than re-established.

Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 101-109).
Inflexibility, failure to adapt technology, and overly regulatory processes frustrate construction industry productivity and reduce the likelihood that large infrastructure projects will be delivered on-schedule and on-budget. Divergence from entrenched project delivery methods can provide flexibility to project managers and offers advantages for improving quality, collaboration, costs, and timeliness. The objective of this research is to provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) recommendations for their Project Management Business Process (PMBP). This study reviews the current state of project management in USACE, conducts a structured systems architecture analysis of the PMBP, evaluates USACE project statistics, assesses alternative project delivery methods through a literature review, and provides case studies to consider the implementation impediments of alternative methods for public and private projects. USACE serves as the nation's largest public engineering agency with responsibilities in military construction, civil works, water navigation, environmental restoration, and disaster response. This research concludes with recommendations for selecting alternative project delivery methods best-fit to meet the distinct needs of each USACE business program. Explicitly, the application of Integrated Project Delivery is best suited for highly specialized, technical projects for military construction and interagency support, but also presents contractual challenges notyet adapted for USACE. Public Private Partnerships show promise for possible future implementation in civil works projects, but require further refinement through the USACE Pilot Program. Lastly, Construction Management at Risk is the most mature alternative method for USACE, and can provide Project Managers with additional options in fast-tracking and early contractor involvement. Essentially, the flexibility of PMBP project delivery should match the vast diversity of USACE's missions.
by Brian T. Williams.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) combined with Target Value Design (TVD) is a better way to deliver value for the client than traditional guaranteed maximum price (GMP) methods. With traditional GMP delivery methods, the interests of the parties are often at odds. The goal of IPD is to align all party interests in order to achieve a win-win scenario. Due to the aligning nature of IPD and the fact that each party’s success is dependent on achieving the project objectives as a whole; a non-biased, transparent, decision-making process is necessary in order to deliver the project objectives within the constraints of the TVD. Thus delivering the expected value for the client and ensuring that all parties achieve project success. The need for this transparent decision-making process is compounded by the fact that a “target” based system rapidly declines to a less than optimal state if there is no unbiased decision-making process in place. If we treat the entire lifespan of a project as the complex system that it is, we can begin to take advantage of the hierarchical nature of complex systems. The goal of this paper is to show that by modeling the life span of a project through a multi-criteria decision making model, built on a hierarchical framework will allow you to find a non-inferior solution to your TVD. I’m proposing to use Hierarchical Holographic Modeling (HHM) as the framework for an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making model complete with post-optimality analysis as the preferred project management method.

Project process\' hindrances over office architectural design production are common at civil construction sector, implying on schedule loss, reworks and higher costs. Many academic literature approaches to that hindrance resulted from failure in project process. Predominantly failures concern translating customer needs and expectations into design conditions. This research objectives to propose scope of work guidelines, securing customer satisfaction and avoiding unforeseen additional costs, reworks, schedule and project benefit loss. Additionally, for each guideline proposed, it is suggested an accountable for it (project manager, architect or client). The adopted methodology was the research and analysis of project methodologies from academic literatures, contenting responsibilities definitions and design criteria that should be considered on the approved scope of work. Furthermore, the creation and implementation of an interview plan with one Brazilian high concept corporative architecture firm and its three clients, in a way that it is possible to measure client\'s point of view over contracted project process. Results from the interviews identified scope definition and project process planning hindrances. Then, in comparison with academic literatures, main project and scope of work issues were identified and used as base to the scope of work development guidelines.
A produção de projetos de arquitetura e engenharia no setor de construção civil apresenta entraves em seus processos de projeto, que implicam em perda de prazo, aumento de custos de projeto e retrabalhos. Diversos autores abordam falhas na gestão do processo de projeto, principalmente na interpretação das necessidades dos clientes e na definição dos critérios que o projeto deve seguir, alguns não previstos no escopo de contratação entre a empresa de arquitetura e o cliente. Esta pesquisa propõe diretrizes para que as empresas de arquitetura possam, junto ao gerente de projetos dos clientes, definir um escopo de serviços em que retrabalho, custos adicionais, atrasos e a insatisfação do cliente com o processo sejam reduzidos ou evitados. Para cada diretriz, há também a definição de quem é o responsável por executá-la (se o arquiteto ou o cliente). A metodologia utilizada para obtenção desse objetivo foi o levantamento e revisão de bibliografia sobre metodologias de projeto e de contratos de projetos, que auxiliem na definição de responsabilidades, atividades e critérios de projeto. Em acréscimo, foi formulado um roteiro de entrevista e eleita uma empresa de arquitetura corporativa com experiência de mercado no Brasil, assim como três clientes da mesma, de forma a mapear o ponto de vista do cliente sobre o processo empregado pela contratada. Com os resultados das entrevistas, fez-se uma análise comparativa entre os métodos de projeto empregados pela empresa de arquitetura e o encontrado em bibliografia, identificando os principais entraves no desenvolvimento e definição do escopo de serviços. Por fim, tais resultados foram utilizados como base para propor diretrizes para que o escopo de serviços entre arquitetos e clientes prevejam revisões de projeto, traduzam efetivamente as necessidades do cliente e atendam prazos e custos esperados.

Partnering som arbetssätt har funnits i Sverige sedan slutet av 90-talet och kommit att bli allt vanligare, särskilt inom offentligt byggande. Arbetssättet är en reaktion på det traditionella förfarandet som kritiserats för att vara fragmentiserat och innebära dåligt utnyttjande av kunskap och skapa många konflikter. I en integrerad organisation och med en iterativ process utvecklar och genomför alla aktörer projektet med full transparens i alla delprocesser i syfte att maximera värdet av slutprodukten och sätta kundens behov i centrum. ByggDialog är ett företag som från start specialiserat sig på partnering och som organiserar och leder produktbestämningsskedet ofta kallat Fas 1, varefter man också samordnar alla entreprenörer och utför byggentreprenaden med egen arbetskraft. ByggDialog vill utveckla sitt arbete i Fas 1 och skapa en så flödeseffektiv process som möjligt för att komma till produktion inom rimlig tid. Detta är viktigt då man strävar efter effektivitet i allmänhet men också för att det ska vara möjligt att med god säkerhet och små avvikelser prognostisera resursbehov, tillväxttakt och resultat. Flödeseffektivitet är ett begrepp hämtat från Lean-teorin som har sitt ursprung i Toyotas bilfabriker. Det handlar om att skapa en process där icke värdeskapande aktiviteter elimineras och fokus ligger på densiteten i värdeöverföringen till produkten och dess flöde. Syftet med denna rapport är att applicera dessa teorier på ByggDialogs processer i Fas 1 och att genom intervjuer med personer med stor erfarenhet kartlägga icke värdeskapande aktiviteter i Fas 1. I studien ingick också att föreslå åtgärder till förbättrad flödeseffektivitet. Det gjordes även en ansats till att beräkna flödeseffektiviteten i ett antal genomförda projekt i syfte att utreda möjligheten till lämplig indikator för företagets förbättringsarbete av Fas 1. Det visade sig att flödeseffektiviteten i Fas 1 sammanfattningsvis kan påverkas positivt genom bland annat öppenhet, integrerade organisationer, standardiserade arbetssätt, iterativa projekteringsmetoder och tydlig projektledning. En indikator för flödeseffektivitet som beaktar kvoten mellan värdeskapande tid och genomloppstid genom BTA visade sig vara komplex att ta fram. En framkomlig väg är dock att endast låta indikatorn avspegla genomloppstid genom BTA eller produktionskostnad. Fördjupade studier rekommenderas ByggDialog för att söka den mest användbara metoden för uppföljning och mätning av effektiviteten i Fas 1.
Partnering as a working method has existed in Sweden since the late 90s and has become increasingly common, especially in public construction. The way of working is a reaction to the traditional procedure that has been criticized for being fragmented and misleading knowledge and creating many conflicts. In an integrated organization and with an iterative process, all players develop and implement the project with full transparency in all sub-processes to maximize the value of the product and put the customer's needs in focus. ByggDialog is a company that from the start specializes in partnering and who organizes and leads the design phase often called Phase 1, after which one also coordinates all contractors and performs the construction with their own workforce. ByggDialog wants to develop their work in Phase 1 and create a process as flow-efficient as possible to reach production within a reasonable time. This is important as one strives for efficiency in general, but also for it to be possible to forecast resource needs, growth rates and results with good precision and small deviations. Flow efficiency is a concept derived from Lean theory that originates from Toyota's car factories. It is about creating a process where non-value-creating activities are eliminated, and the focus is on the density of the value transfer to the product and its flow. The purpose of this report is to apply these theories to ByggDialog's processes in Phase 1 and to survey non-value-creating activities in Phase 1 through interviews with people with great experience of Phase 1. The study also included proposing measures for improved flow efficiency. An effort was also made to calculate the flow efficiency in several completed projects to investigate the possibility of an appropriate indicator for the company's improvement work on Phase 1. In summary, it turned out that flow efficiency in Phase 1 can be positively affected by openness, integrated organizations, standardized working methods, iterative design methods and distinct project management. An indicator of flow efficiency that considers the ratio of value-creating time and throughput divided by BTA proved to be too complex to develop. A viable route, however, is to only let the indicator reflect the throughput divided by BTA or production cost. In-depth studies are recommended for ByggDialog to seek the most useful method for monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of Phase 1.

AIRPORT LEAN INTEGRATION (ALI) DEALS WITH THE METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PROJECT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT TO DETECT, ALSO ON THE BASE OF PRACTICE, USEFUL ELEMENTS TO DEFINE A NEW APPROACH AND ITS SUPPORTING TOOLS, BASED ON THE LEAN MIND-SET. THE LEAN METHODOLOGY IS AIMED ON THE ONE HAND TO THE DEFINITION, GENERATION AND INCREMENT OF “VALUE” OF THE PROJECT, ON THE OTHER TO “WASTES” IN PROJECT DESIGN DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES. ALI ALSO PROPOSES TO CLEAR THE STATE OF THE ART OF AIRPORT DESIGN AND TO FORESEE FUTURE TENDENCIES ANALYSING EVIDENCES EMERGED FROM THE INVESTIGATION OF CURRENT PRACTICES, BEST PRACTICES AND ISSUES FOUND IN THE MATRIX OF CONTEMPORARY AIRPORT DESIGN PROJECT DEVELOPMENT.

According to September 2011 information from the U.S. Census Bureau, the construction industry in the United States is valued at nearly eight hundred billion dollars annually. A 2004 collaborative study by Construction Industry Institute and Lean Construction Institute suggests that as much as fifty seven percent of time, effort, and material investment in construction projects do not add value to the final product. When compared with twenty six percent wastes in the manufacturing industry, it becomes obvious that the construction industry has a problem. Construction projects that come in over budget and behind schedule have become the rule rather than the exception, leading to contentious business relationships and costly litigation. This study will strive to identify and analyze the primary sources of these problems. Research and industry experience point to a lack of communication and cooperation among the various entities required to complete a construction project as the leading causes of waste in the industry. Further analysis suggests that traditional forms of construction contracts encourage adversarial and non-cooperative behavior between parties. Additionally, poor communication between various contributors opens the door for additional wasted cost. Fortunately, the development of tools such as Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) present new options to construction professionals that are proving to help address some of the challenges the industry faces today. IPD as a project delivery method creates a culture of collaboration and teamwork, where a culture of risk avoidance and conflict once stood, while BIM provides a platform for better communication among parties. When used together, these tools can reduce or eliminate many of the major sources of waste within the industry. This thesis will provide descriptions, analysis, and case studies that demonstrate the use of these tools and the potential they have to make a positive impact on the construction industry.
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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
98
“Design changes” is the main cause of construction delay and cost overrun. This problem also produces a multitude of other negative impacts, such as low morale, quality discrepancies, and legal disputes. While some changes in design in construction projects are inevitable, they should be mitigated as much as possible. There are a lot of good practices that have been employed by practitioners to mitigate the effects of design changes on project cost and time control. However, in construction design, no single protocol is used to manage design changes. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) was developed in the mid – 1990s. With the benefits in waste reduction, collaboration of participants and positive value propositions, today, design and construction teams are joining forces across the world to utilize the IPD system. Based on an integrated team composed of key project participants, guided by the Target Value Design process, and moving design decisions upstream as far as possible, IPD provides an approach for effectively mitigating design changes. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of applying IPD into Vietnam construction projects. In particular, the possible problems and potential solutions for transferring IPD originally developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) into construction practice in Vietnam will be presented.

This research is focused on developing a simulation (game) that will help explain the basic principles of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Target Value Design (TVD). The transfer of knowledge about Lean principles is currently limited and there is a need for teaching materials in this field. The Lean Construction community believes that teaching lean principles through games or simulations is very effective. This study is focused on developing a simulation that explains the basic principles of IPD and TVD. After study of current literature related to IPD, TVD and Lean simulations, this game was developed and then tested on construction professionals and students. Test results from a first run study showed that the simulation helps to explain some principles of IPD and TVD. However further study is needed to ensure that those who engage this simulation confidently understand key principles of IPD and TVD.

This exploratory research examined the degree of adoption and impact of the concepts of Building Information Model (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Integrated Design Process (IDP) and Building Energy Simulation (BES) on the design processes of advanced architectural firms when executing sustainable design. Six offices identified by the press for a strong commitment to sustainable design and influence in the design of high performance buildings were selected as cases. In semi-standardized interviews, these firms presented their perceptions of the influence of BIM, BES, and IPD/IDP. The results show that a generalization of sustainable design processes is possible. A design process for sustainability (DEPROSU) model was created by collecting best practices from data gathered from the interviews and the critical literature review. Secondary contributions show that BIM, IDP/IPD and BES have a synergistic effect in sustainable design methods, and that the human resource profile from these firms has evolved towards multi-skilled professionals knowledgeable in BES, BIM, parametric design, sustainability and construction processes. This research provides evidence of commonalities found in the design processes of the selected firms. These commonalities, which have been represented in the DEPROSU model, can potentially be validated as protocols or standards for sustainable design, providing architectural design practices with concrete patterns for improvement and or validation of their design methods.

Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação Sustentáveis
Atualmente e tendo em vista um mercado cada vez mais competitivo e um consumidor bastante exigente torna-se imprescindível na gestão dos projetos de construção a necessidade de uma visão mais holística e uma perceção do projeto a partir das três perspetivas fundamentais, a do projetista, a do empreiteiro e a do proprietário. De forma sintética pode afirmar-se que a metodologia a adotar neste estudo incide na utilização de um processo integrado baseado num modelo onde os projetos são criados como objetos inteligentes permitindo a sua modelação, análise e colaboração em qualquer fase do ciclo de vida do projeto, o BIM-IPD (Building Information Modeling- Integrated Project Delivery). Numa primeira etapa, o processo BIM será introduzido na fase de conceção de um edifício de habitação unifamiliar permitindo analisar a integração e a interoperabilidade entre as diferentes especialidades que constituem o projeto extraindo de forma automática as quantidades finais de obra. A segunda fase consiste na construção do edifício com base no modelo global, permitindo a análise prévia de erros e omissões e a sincronização entre o projeto e a gestão da construção. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo, a implementação e aplicação do BIM-IPD na gestão de projetos em moradias unifamiliares Por fim, são efetuadas considerações finais e respetivas conclusões acerca dos objetivos propostos no trabalho.
Nowadays and considering an increasingly competitive market and a very demanding consumer, it is fundamental in the management of construction projects the need for a more holistic view and a project perception from three key perspectives: the designer, the builder and the owner. In sum, it can be said that the methodology to adopt in this study focuses on the use of an integrated process based on a model where projects are created as smart objects allowing its modeling, analysis and collaboration at any stage of the project life cycle, BIM-IPD (Integrated Building Information Modeling- Project Delivery). At a first stage, the BIM process will be introduced in the design phase of a single-family residential building allowing to analyze the integration and interoperability between the different specialties that composes the project, extracting, in an automatic way, the final quantities of work. The second phase is the construction of the building based on the global model, enable a previous analysis of errors and omissions and synchronization between the project and construction management. The present study aims the implementation and application of BIM-IPD in the project management of single-family houses. Ultimately, are made closing remarks about the proposed objectives.