Relevant bibliographies by topics / Progressive Reform

Academic literature on the topic 'Progressive Reform'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Murphy, William B. "The National Progressive Republican League and the Elusive Quest for Progressive Unity." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 8, no. 4 (October 2009): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778140000147x.

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In January 1911, Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin announced the creation of the National Progressive Republican League (NPRL). Historians have dismissed this organization as a vehicle for La Follette's challenge to William Howard Taft for the Republican presidential nomination in 1912. This article asserts that a primary purpose of the NPRL was to offer progressives around the country a set of principles that would provide the progressive movement with greater cohesion while allowing for continued diversity in local reform agendas. The NPRL's president, Oregon senator Jonathan Bourne, was renowned as a spokesman for the series of direct democratic reforms known as the Oregon System, which La Follette and Bourne placed at the center of the NPRL platform. Bourne argued that these reforms, focused on altering the way in which candidates were nominated or elected to office, campaigns were funded, and legislation was produced, would provide progressives with a national “foundation” upon which various state and local reform agendas could be constructed. During the campaign of 1912, the league became a casualty of the political and personal conflict between Theodore Roosevelt and La Follette, but Roosevelt's Progressive Party later endorsed most of its agenda, and all elements of the NPRL platform found some political expression before or after 1912.
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Ingrassia, Brian M. "Public Influence inside the College Walls: Progressive Era Universities, Social Scientists, and Intercollegiate Football Reform." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000034.

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At the height of the Progressive Era a number of social scientists, educational leaders, and politicians called for the reform of intercollegiate football. Since the 1880s football had become a popular spectacle, and many were concerned that it was corrupting the country's universities and college men. This article considers the progressive movement to reform football in the context of programs to make the modern American university useful at the turn of the century—including the Wisconsin Idea of state government developed in Madison and the University of Chicago's sponsorship of settlement houses, social work, and university extension. Although many progressives wanted the university to affect society, most were less enthusiastic about the prospect that elements of that society (what Wisconsin historian Frederick Jackson Turner dubbed “public influence”) would affect the university. Social scientists theorized the relationship between the university and the public and constructed an intellectual basis for football reform. Reforms proposed and in some cases adopted demonstrated ambivalence regarding football's academic and public role. Reformers wanted to preserve the popular, profitable, and potentially educational enterprise of football, but they also hoped to curtail its influence over burgeoning universities. The Progressive Era effort to control college football and channel it into constructive directions in many ways demonstrates the paradoxical nature of Progressive Era reform and inadvertently contributed to the institutionalization of “big time” intercollegiate athletics.
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Chalmers, David, and Dewey W. Grantham. "Southern Yuppies and Progressive Reform." Reviews in American History 13, no. 2 (June 1985): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702417.

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Fee, Elizabeth, and Theodore M. Brown. "Factory Injuries and Progressive Reform." American Journal of Public Health 94, no. 4 (April 2004): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.4.540.

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Butler, Leslie. "Dead President and Progressive Reform." Reviews in American History 32, no. 3 (2004): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2004.0054.

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Gitlin, Andrew. "Collaboration and Progressive School Reform." Educational Policy 13, no. 5 (November 1999): 630–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904899013005002.

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Anthony, Thalia, and Penny Crofts. "Special Edition: Limits and Prospects of Criminal Law Reform – Past, Present, Future." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.423.

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This special issue traces multifaceted readings of criminal law reform in the context of developments in Australia, North America and Europe. It addresses a range of criminal law legislative regimes, frameworks and issues confronting criminal law reform including as they relate to family violence, organisational liability for child sexual abuse, drug-driving and Indigenous under-representation on juries. In doing so, the articles variously assess the impacts of past criminal law reforms, current processes of reform, areas in need of future reform and the limitations of reform. It poses a number of challenges: Who does law reform serve? What principles should guide the work of criminal justice reform? What is the role and responsibility of universities in law reform? Who are the natural allies of academics in agitating for reform? Is reform of criminal law enough for progressive social change? Do public inquiries and law reform assist with progressive change or do they have the potential to undermine the struggle for more humane and equitable social responses?
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Reid, Debra. "Rural African Americans and Progressive Reform." Agricultural History 74, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-74.2.322.

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Pollin, Robert. "A Progressive Program for Monetary Reform?" Monthly Review 45, no. 5 (October 7, 1993): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-045-05-1993-09_7.

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Miller, Gary J. "Progressive reform as induced institutional preferences." Public Choice 47, no. 1 (1985): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00119356.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Swan, Peter. "Progressive era influence on West Coast political reform, 1937-1942." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/48456/.

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For many year after the almost proximate Progressive and New Deal eras, historians accepted strong ‘continuity’ between these reformist periods. However, in 1955 Hofstadter’s The Age of Reform advanced a hypothesis of ‘discontinuity.’ He emphasized backward-looking morality in the Progressive era and the forward-oriented pragmatism of the New Deal. My thesis challenges this discontinuity school of thought, and is a contribution to scholarship because Hofstadter’s theory established a dominant paradigm about these eras. Historians as diverse as Graham Jr., Weinstein, Worster, and Katznelson have further stressed the differences between the Progressive and New Deal eras. Yet, while the discontinuity message articulated many truths, it obscures an alternative vision of the New Deal. This work demonstrates on the West Coast during the later New Deal, 1937-1942, Progressive era influence was substantial. General chapters focus on: the Progressive era; the 1920s; the early New Deal. Detailed chapters about the West Coast, 1937-1942, look at three policy areas, and include: conservation and national parks; monopoly reform and distribution of electricity from West Coast dams; social justice and responses to Dust Bowl migration. An ideological re-appraisal of the West Coast in the late New Deal is attempted. Firstly, from a Progressive era ideological viewpoint, issues conventionally judged peripheral in the three policy areas are re-conceptualized as significant policy successes. Secondly individuals and organizations shaping and implementing policies locally and nationally were either survivors of the earlier era or steeped in its beliefs. Thirdly, events on the West Coast, 1939-1940, which reproduced conditions in the Progressive era, tested whether New Dealers had learned from their predecessors’ mistakes. Consequently, the West Coast region is particularly apposite in a considered questioning of Hofstadter’s philosophical divide between the two reform eras.
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Jaeger, Friedrich. "Amerikanischer Liberalismus und zivile Gesellschaft : Perspektiven sozialer Reform zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts /." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/334724651.pdf.

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Singleton, Major L. "From Progressive to Flat: How Tax Reform would Affect the Military." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7417.

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MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
This thesis provides a quantitative analysis of the impact of a flat tax rate on military members. The flat tax-rate proposal is the most popular alternative to our progressive tax system. The foremost experts on this topic are Robert E. Hall and Alvin Rabushka. They have made several claims regarding the flat tax, however, insufficient research has been conducted to determine the impact of the flat tax rate on the income of military members. This thesis will address the claims of Hall and Rabushka and provide a quantitative analysis of the effect of a flat tax rate on military members of various pay grades.
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Davis, Molly C. "Jungle Redux: Meat Industry Reform in the Progressive Era and Contemporary Applications." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1275758807.

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Sweeney, Chelsea Allison. "Progressive Reform and Conservative Extremism: A Battle for Change In Saudi Arabia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322074.

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Kennedy, Michael Hartley. "Progressing towards conservatism a gramscian challenge to the conceptualisation of class, agency, corruption and reform in 'progressive' analyses of policing /." View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27746.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" "November 2004" Bibliography: p. 260-356.
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Haman, Mary K. Hogan J. Michael. "Wild women of the progressive era rhetoric, gender, and agitation in the age of reform /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4606/index.html.

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Harmer, Heather. "Disagreeing to Make Progress: The Effects of Congressional Incivility on Reform during the Progressive Era." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1170.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Neima, Charlotte Anna. "Dartington Hall and social reform in interwar Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289723.

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In the wake of the First World War, reformers across the Western world questioned laissez-faire liberalism, the self-oriented and market-driven ruling doctrine of the nineteenth century. This philosophy was blamed, variously, for the war, for industrialisation and for urbanisation; for a way of life shorn of any meaning beyond getting and keeping; for the too great faith in materialism and in science; and for the loss of a higher, transcendent meaning that gave a unifying altruistic or spiritual purpose to individual existence and to society as a whole. For many, the cure to these ills lay in reforming the liberal social framework in ways that made it more fulfilling to the whole person and that strengthened ties between individuals. Dartington Hall was an outstanding practical example of this impulse to promote holistic, integrated living. It was a well-financed, internationally-minded social and cultural experiment set up on an estate in South Devon in 1925 by American heiress Dorothy Elmhirst (née Whitney) and her second husband, Leonard, son of a Yorkshire squire-parson. The Elmhirsts' project for redressing the effects of laissez-faire liberalism had two components. Instead of being treated as atomised individuals in the capitalist market, participants at Dartington were to achieve full self-realisation through a 'life in its completeness' that incorporated the arts, education and spirituality. In addition, through their active participation in running the community, they were to demonstrate how integrated democracy could bring about the perfection of individuals and the progress of society as a whole. The Elmhirsts hoped that Dartington would provide a globally applicable model for a better way of life. This thesis is a close study of Dartington's interlinked constellation of experiments in education, the arts, agriculture and social organisation - experiments that can only be understood by tracing them back to their shared roots in the idea of 'life in its completeness'. At the same time, it explores how Dartington's philosophy and trajectory illuminate the wider reform landscape. The Elmhirsts' community echoed and cross-pollinated with other schemes for social improvement in Britain, Europe, America and India, as well as feeding into the broad social democratic project in Britain. Dartington's evolution from an independent, elite-led reform project to one split between state-led and communitarian reform matched the trajectory of other such enterprises begun in interwar Britain, making it a bellwether of changes in reformist thinking across the century.
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Goodman, Thomas J. "TheTwilight of Indirect, Senatorial Elections: Emerging Popular Legitimacy on the Eve of Reform, 1890-1913." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108920.

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Thesis advisor: Marc Landy
Prior to the passage of the 17th Amendment, senators were selected by state legislators, a measure designed to remove them from fluctuations of popular whim. By 1913, reformers, having assailed members of the Senate as insular to the changing needs of their constituents, pressed for fundamental, structural reform, including direct popular elections. But few works have assessed the nature of senatorial campaigns under the indirect regime. I research contemporaneous newspaper coverage and personal correspondences of individual senators to better glean their levels of sensitivity to re-election pressures — a significant qualitative contribution to the discourse. And I measure the extent to which a state’s political conditions influenced the tendency for senators to engage in public appeals for popular support. Senatorial elections were already pseudo-democratic before 1913, experiencing an emergent element of popular legitimacy as public sentiment meaningfully informed the process and conduits for public accountability were expanding. In stark contrast to prevailing perceptions, senators were keenly sensitive to electoral pressures. By cultivating popular support, they regularly tried to bolster their positions vis-a-vis powerful party leaders, state legislators, and pivotal decision-makers. But the strategy was risky as well, for a poor showing in the November elections invited intra-party challenges. Ultimately, my dissertation tells a story of how parties adapted to changing conditions to remain politically viable and survive in a new age, granting concessions to the electorate which were designed to promote greater popular participation whilst maintaining overall control over the process. The crusade for reforming the senatorial selection method was conducted on behalf of reformers who sought to redress perceived inequalities and dysfunction in the system. Debates over the balance between democratic self-government and the importance of whom Jonathan Rauch term “the middlemen” continue to percolate, colorizing the dispute within the Democratic Party over the role of superdelegates and efforts to abolish the Electoral College. And my research explores the intersection of democratic reforms and racialized politics with the adoption of the invidious “white primary” in South Carolina and the factors which gave rise to the race-baiting, populist demagogue Benjamin Tillman — the precursor to modern-day populists and illiberal democracies
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Books on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. Statesmanship and Progressive Reform. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285.

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Alan, Essig, and Center for a Better South, eds. Doing better: Progressive tax reform for the American South. Charleston, S.C: Better South Press, 2006.

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Jewish religious law: A progressive perspective. New York: Berghahn Books, 1998.

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Necessary fraud: Progressive reform and Utah coal. Norman, Okla: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.

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McElhaney, Jacquelyn Masur. Pauline Periwinkle and progressive reform in Dallas. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

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Zemer, Moshe. Jüdisches Religionsgesetz heute: Progressive Halacha. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener, 1999.

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Endless Crusade: Women social scientists and progressive reform. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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Arthur Morgan: A progressive vision for American reform. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 2014.

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Nehring, James, Stacy Szczesiul, and Megin Charner-Laird. Bridging the Progressive-Traditional Divide in Education Reform. New York, NY: Routledge, [2019]: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429424700.

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Bryant, Christopher. Transforming Britain: The politics of modern progressive reform. London: The Smith Institute, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Robertson, David Brian. "Progressive Reform." In Federalism and the Making of America, 121–41. Second Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | “First edition published by Routledge 2012”—T.p. verso.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315394503-9.

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Giddy, Pam. "The Second Wave of Constitutional Reform." In The Progressive Century, 65–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403900913_7.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "Introduction." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 1–8. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_1.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "Reconciling “Nationalism” and “Democracy”." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 9–14. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_2.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "The Demise of the Ante-Bellum Parties." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 15–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_3.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "The Need for Statesmanship." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 25–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_4.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "Croly’s Lincoln and Pragmatic Statesmanship." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 36–48. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_5.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "Assessing Croly’s Appeal to Lincoln." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 49–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_6.

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Alvis, J. David, and Jason R. Jividen. "Conclusion." In Statesmanship and Progressive Reform, 79–82. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137362285_7.

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Taylor, Donald H. "Tax Reform." In Balancing the Budget is a Progressive Priority, 95–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3664-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Yang, Zuqiao. "Progressive Practice Training Mode Reform for Students Majored in Software Engineering." In 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCE-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mce-14.2014.91.

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Bule, Larisa, Līga Leitāne, and Kristīne Rozīte. "Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.069.

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Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency have been estimated. Findings − the main conclusion of this study is that the aim of the reform has not been achieved: income inequality hasn’t been reduced, an increase of income has been irrelevant, the gains from the reform have become unobtainable for the most unprotected groups because of the insufficient level of income. The implementation of the differentiated non-taxable minimum has generated PIT debts and higher administrative burden. Practical implications − the study may be implemented in case of progressive PIT for the reassessment of the tax framework and its future development. Originality/Value − this study is original, the actual effect of PIT reform in Latvia previously hasn’t been analyzed.
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Soares, Leigh. "Anchors of Reform: Public Black Colleges and Progressive Organizations in the Early 1900s." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1571469.

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Gan, Shukun. "Teaching Reform and Practice Based on the Progressive Ability Cultivation of Higher Vocational Mechanical Talents." In Proceedings of the 2018 8th International Conference on Management, Education and Information (MEICI 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meici-18.2018.242.

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Tan, Zhengtang, Ziqin Luo, and Shuang Lin. "Exploration and Practice of Progressive PBL in costume design course: The Example Engineering and Design College of Hunan Normal University." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001916.

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This study aims at the problems of college students' education in China's fashion design specialty, such as fragmented knowledge system, an unnatural connection between courses, and slim employment prospects. Taking "knowledge innovation" as the theoretical model, "project-driven" as the teaching intervention approach, and aiming at optimizing the curriculum system of fashion design specialty and improving the knowledge learning ability and employment scope of college students, the educational reform practice of series design courses was carried out. Use field observation method and this paper observed the four learning stages of fashion design major in the National Teaching Demonstration Center of Fashion Design and Engineering Practice of Hunan Normal University from freshman to senior. By introducing four categories of projects, namely, "competition, innovation and entrepreneurship, enterprise innovation and enterprise practice，" the four knowledge types of construction, practice, distribution， and collaborative design gradually promoted the renewal, expansion， and iteration of students' knowledge design level. This study summarizes the "progressive project-driven" teaching mode of fashion design specialty. It is found that the "progressive project-driven" teaching mode can assist the organic connection between courses, help students learn various knowledge of fashion design step by step, and improve their creative thinking ability.
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El Bekkaye, Khalid, and Zaina Sidqi. "The Contribution of the Metrological Management in the Moroccan Establishments of Blood Donation (Experiment of the regional center of blood transfusion in Oujda Morocco)." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201919002.

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Metrological verification consists of proving by calibration measurements that specified requirements are met. The result of an audit is a compliance decision followed by re-commissioning or non-compliance followed by an adjustment, repair, decommissioning, or device reform. At the regional blood transfusion center of Oujda, from 2010 to 2018 the number of metrological qualification has increased from 88 to 152 acts with compliance going from 92% to 97%, thus the number of visit for preventive and curative maintenance of the share of external companies has also increased since 2010 to 2018 from 10 annual visits to 43 annual visits, which indicates a strong progressive metrological activity and an important place of the metrological process in the continuity of guaranteeing a safety of the result obtained from the operations carried out for the practitioners and for donor and recipient patients of the blood product. An action plan was implemented to correct the anomalies identified such as the acquisition of new metrology equipment, to predict the change of climatic chambers and non-adapted devices, the acquisition of more sophisticated machines and the establishment of a continuous recording system of the cold chain.
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Mitru, Alexandru, Loredana-Andreea Păun (Parnic), and Mihai-Claudiu Năstase. "Budget Allocations and Pre-university Educational Policies Promoted by the Romanian Government in the First Decade of the Interwar Period." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/33.

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In this research, the authors are investigating the way how the governmental authorities in Romania approached in the first decade of the interwar period the problem of reforming the pre-university education system. Its reorganization was very important for two basic reasons: it had to ensure the national unitary character of the state and, at the same time, it had to have a decisional influence for the development direction of the new state: conservative-traditionalist (peasant) or progressive (industrialized). The principles that stood at the base of the educational policy in Romania during the discussed period, debated and analyzed by the politicians of that time, by the decision-makers, teachers, parents, specialists etc., is an important concern in today's society, given the urgent need to achieve a profound change in today's Romanian pre-university education system. The importance of the study resides from the wish to stretch those Romanian educational traditions necessary to project and implement of a curricula reform today, which should correspond both to the expectations of students, parents and the economic and social needs of contemporary society. Investing in the education system was a matter of national priority because the school was considered a tool for building the Romanian nation in the new geopolitical context. There have been massive investments in expanding the school infrastructure in terms of primary and secondary education, but also in increasing the number of teachers. In 1922 the share of public education expenditures in the state budget expenditures was 10.1%, and in 1928 it rose to 13.4%.
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Leng, Huijie, Xuanliang Dong, and Xiaodu Wang. "Progressive Energy Dissipations of Human Cortical Bone in Compression." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192463.

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Bone fracture has imposed a significant burden on the health of society. The “bone quality” is used to refer to factors affecting bone fracture risk [1]. Energy dissipation till fracture, known as toughness, is a major measure of bone quality [2]. However, underlying mechanisms of energy dissipation in bone is still not clear. It has been well documented that the post-yield behavior of bone determines the major part of the toughness of bone [3, 4]. Therefore, it is important to study post-yield behaviors of human bone, especially the different pathways for energy dissipation, in order to better understand how age-related change affects bone quality. Bone behaves differently under different loading modes [5]. Different from loading in tension, after reaching the maximum stress, cortical bone in compression can continue to bear load till large deformation without brittle failure and dramatic reduction in elastic modulus [5, 6]. However, few studies of progression of post-yield behaviors of cortical bone in compression were reported in the literature.
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Zhu, Liang, and Robert Flower. "Role of Vasomotion in Control of Retina Edema in Diabetic Retinopathy: Quantification of Fluid Transport Through Retinal Capillaries." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-189507.

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Diabetic retinopathy refers to diabetes-related complications in the retina, It is a progressive disease and its symptoms in the eyes can vary from non-vision threatening to vision loss, and it can lead to permanent damage to the neuronal retinal tissue. The irreversible nature of the damage suggests that prevention of diabetes by eliminating risk factors and early screening are the cornerstone of relevant treatment to stop or limit visual damage in those patients.
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Kladas, D. D., and D. P. Georgiou. "Turbine Cascade Losses in the Presence of Progressive Particle Deposition." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-195.

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Gas turbine efficiency deterioration due to particulate deposition is a well known phenomenon especially in industrial machines which operate on “heavy” fuels. The result is the need for frequent blade surface cleaning after certain hours of operation. The present study investigates the flowfield modification and the corresponding aerodynamic losses due to the progressive particle deposition on the aerofoil surfaces of a representative turbine stator cascade. The flowfield is calculated with the Katsanis (TSONIC) code coupled to the STAN5 one for the boundary layer. The losses are calculated by momentum scanning - Stewart’s method. The problem is quasi-steady since the time scale in turbine blade flows is of the order of milliseconds, while in the deposition the data indicate slow growth rates with time scales of the ordr of hours. The particle deposition calculation is based on a turbulent diffusion model proposed by Yau and Young (18) and the particle characteristics refer to ash. The main parameters calculated are the new thickness distribution, the throat blockage, the aerodynamic losses and the transition point. The paper comments on the cleaning process based on these results.
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Reports on the topic "Progressive Reform"

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Singleton, II, and L. From Progressive to Flat: How Tax Reform would Affect the Military. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563648.

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Law, Marc, and Gary Libecap. The Determinants of Progressive Era Reform: The Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10984.

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Torina, V., and S. Filatov. History of vocational education in Ukraine: analysis of origins and problems. JSC-Konf.com, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4536.

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The work is devoted to the history of professional education in Ukraine, which is at the stage of progressive reform and bringing it to international standards on the basis of using the experience of formation of vocational education will help to preserve the best national traditions and avoid mistakes.
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Duong, Bich-Hang, and Joan DeJaeghere. From Student-Centered to Competency-Based Reform: Exploring Teachers’ Perspective of Meaningful Participation. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/089.

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Student-centered pedagogy has been widely advocated in many contexts with student active participation in learning being a central element. Vietnam has adopted innovative pedagogies including child-centered and competency-based teaching to further active learning and develop students’ full potential. This study explores Vietnamese teachers’ views about student participation and teaching roles as they implement these progressive reforms. It also examines pedagogical practices that teachers planned to use and actually employed to support student learning through meaningful participation. Drawing on qualitative analysis of interviews and classroom observations conducted over three years with 47 secondary-level literature teachers throughout Vietnam, we found that student participation as expected by teachers broadly falls into three categories: participation as attention; participation as contribution and collaboration; and participation as autonomy and engagement. Each of these modes characterizes what teachers’ envision of students’ overall engagement, but these modes coexisted in the data in classroom practices. Our analysis shows how ‘hybrid pedagogy,’ a mix of teacher-directed and student-centered approaches, was most used to support students’ active contribution and collaboration. This research contributes to the literature on student-centered learning and student participation in transitional contexts, highlighting the complex processes of how teachers perceive and enact these pedagogical reforms.
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Edeh, Henry C. Assessing the Equity and Redistributive Effects of Taxation Reforms in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.020.

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Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of poverty and inequality reduction through redistribution have indeed become critical concerns in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Although redistribution results from the effect of tax revenue collections, micro household-level empirical analyses of the distributional effect of personal income tax (PIT) and value added tax (VAT) reforms in Nigeria have been scarcely carried out. This study for the first time quantitatively assessed both the equity and redistributive effects of PIT and VAT across different reform scenarios in Nigeria. Data used in this study was mainly drawn from the most recent large scale nationally representative Nigeria Living Standard Survey, conducted in 2018/2019. The Kakwani Index was used to calculate and compare the progressivity of PIT and VAT reforms. A simple static micro-simulation model was employed in assessing the redistributive effect of PIT and VAT reforms in the country. After informality has been accounted for, the PIT was found to be progressive in the pre- 2011 tax scheme, but turned regressive in the post-2011 tax scheme. It was also discovered that the newly introduced lump sum relief allowance in the post-2011 PIT scheme accrues more to the high-income than to the low-income taxpayers – confirming the regressivity of the current PIT scheme. However, the study further shows (through counterfactual simulations) that excluding the relatively high-income taxpayers from sharing in the variable part of the lump sum relief allowance makes PIT progressive in the post-2011 scheme. The VAT was uncovered to be regressive both in the pre-2020 scheme, and in the current VAT reform scheme. Further, after putting informality into consideration, the PIT was found to marginally reduce inequality but increase poverty in the pre-2011 scheme. The post-2011 PIT scheme reduced inequality and increased poverty, but by a smaller proportion – confirming a limited redistribution mainly resulting from the concentration of the lump sum relief allowance at the top of the distribution. However, if the variable part of the lump sum relief allowance is provided for ‘only’ the low-income taxpayers below a predefined income threshold, the post-2011 PIT scheme becomes largely redistributive. VAT was uncovered to marginally increase inequality and poverty in the pre-2020 scheme. Though the current VAT scheme slightly increased inequality, it considerably increased poverty in the country. It is therefore suggested that a better tax reform, with well-regulated relief allowance and differentiated VAT rates, will help to enhance the equity and redistribution capacity of the Nigeria tax system.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Evelyne Hübscher, Philip Keefer, and Thomas Sattler. Policy Misperceptions, Information, and the Demand for Redistributive Tax Reform: Experimental evidence from Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004473.

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Scholars have long struggled to understand why individual preferences for redistribution often diverge widely from their material self-interest. The puzzle is acute in Latin America, largely democratic and yet one of the most unequal regions in the world. Using an original online survey experiment spanning 8 countries and 12,000 respondents across Latin America, we find significant evidence for an under-explored explanation: misconceptions regarding the distributional effects of current tax policy. Treated respondents who are informed that an increase in the value-added tax (VAT) is regressive are significantly more likely to prefer policy reforms that make the tax more progressive. We are further able to identify mechanisms. A large fraction of respondents underestimate the regressivity of the VAT. Their misperceptions are linked to fundamental views about the world: these respondents are disproportionately right-leaning and more likely to attribute success to individual effort than luck. Despite the deep-rooted nature of their misperceptions, treatment effects are largest among individuals who believe the VAT is not regressive. These findings contribute both to understanding the political economy of redistribution and the potential for information interventions to shift support for fiscal adjustment policies protecting the most vulnerable.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Evelyne Hübscher, Philip Keefer, and Thomas Sattle. Policy Misperceptions, Information, and the Demand for Redistributive Tax Reform: Experimental Evidence from Latin American Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004655.

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Why do individuals preferences for redistribution often diverge widely from their material self-interest? Using an original online survey experiment spanning eight countries and 12,000 respondents across Latin America, one of the most unequal regions in the world, we find significant evidence for an under-explored explanation: misconceptions regarding the distributional effects of current tax policy. Treated respondents who are informed that an increase in the value added tax (VAT) is regressive are significantly more likely to prefer policy reforms that make the tax more progressive. Treatment effects are driven by the large fraction of respondents who underestimate the regressivity of the VAT, even though their misperceptions are linked to fundamental views about the world. These respondents are disproportionately right-leaning and more likely to attribute success to individual effort than luck. Despite the deep-rooted nature of respondents misperceptions, treatment effects are largest among individuals who hold these views of the world. These findings contribute both to understanding the political economy of redistribution and the potential for information interventions to shift support for fiscal adjustment policies protecting the most vulnerable.
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Nguyen, Thi Dien, Thi Minh Hanh Nguyen, Thi Minh Khue Nguyen, and Ayako Ebata. Policies to Improve Migrant Workers’ Food Security in Vietnam. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.019.

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Migrant workers in Vietnam make up 7.3 per cent of the population. Despite rapid economic growth, they suffer from precarious working conditions and food insecurity, which Covid-19 control measures have exacerbated. Urgent action is needed to improve migrant workers’ access to nutritious food during crises and increase resilience to future economic shocks through: (1) short-term responses that provide nutritious food; (2) improving living conditions through effective enforcement of existing policies; (3) expanding coverage of the government social safety net; and (4) progressive reform of labour law to reduce their vulnerability to job loss and increase their bargaining power.
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Rosser, Andrew, Phil King, and Danang Widoyoko. The Political Economy of the Learning Crisis in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2022/pe01.

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Indonesia has done much to improve access to education in recent decades but it has had little success in improving learning outcomes. This paper examines the political origins of this problem. It argues that Indonesia’s learning crisis has reflected the political dominance during the New Order and post-New Order periods of predatory political, bureaucratic and corporate elites who have sought to use the country’s education system to accumulate resources, distribute patronage, mobilize political support, and exercise political control rather than produce skilled workers and critical and inquiring minds. Technocratic and progressive elements, who have supported a stronger focus on basic skills acquisition, have contested this orientation, with occasional success, but generally contestation has been settled in favour of predatory elites. The analysis accordingly suggests that efforts to improve learning outcomes in Indonesia are unlikely to produce significant results unless there is a fundamental reconfiguration of power relations between these elements. In the absence of such a shift, moves to increase funding levels, address human resource deficits, eliminate perverse incentive structures, and improve education management in accordance with technocratic templates of international best practice or progressive notions of equity and social justice—the sorts of measures that have been the focus of education reform efforts in Indonesia so far—are unlikely to produce the intended results.
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Ozturk, Ibrahim. On the Political Economy of Populism: The Decline of the Turkish Economy under Erdoğan’s Populist-Authoritarian Regime. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0008.

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Whether it adopts a right- or left-wing ideology or it is embraced as a belief or a set of ideals, and no matter the strategy or tactics, populism, in the final analysis, is a way of seizing power, and differences between the different strands carry significant repercussions. Many diverse economic, political, and cultural factors have been put forward to explain the rise of populism. One leader who has drawn increasing attention on the crest of the most recent wave of populism is Turkey’s incumbent president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. After a period of progressive and democratic leadership through to 2007, Erdoğan’s fundamental beliefs and personality surfaced, and the entire process was reversed, with devastating consequences for Turkey. This article argues that Erdoğan’s Islamist–nationalist populism has been one of the primary triggers of Turkey’s current political and economic meltdown. Moreover, his populist rhetoric has weakened Turkey’s already fragile autonomous institutions and paved the way for reform reversals and incoherent economic policy. Taken together, Erdoğanism has brought a woeful deterioration in macroeconomic indicators, including rampant inflation, mounting national debt, massive unemployment, rising poverty, and a profound currency shock.
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