Dissertations / Theses: 'Progesterone'

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Dias, Carolina Castilho [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos efeitos da concentração de progesterona nas respostas ao protocolo de sincronização da ovulação em novilhas nelore cíclicas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98220.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a influência da concentração sérica de progesterona ([P4]) nos dias (d) 0 e/ou d7 do protocolo de sincronização da ovulação e da reutilização de dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (CIDR) nos resultados a IATF em novilhas Nelore ciclando (n=398). O protocolo utilizado foi: d0-CIDR [sem utilização prévia (1ºuso), previamente utilizados por 9d (2ºuso) ou 18d (3ºuso)]+BE(2mg)+amostra de sangue para dosagem [P4], d7-PGF2(12,5mg)+amostra de sangue para dosagem [P4], d9-retirada do CIDR®+ECP(1mg), d11-IATF+mensuração do Fol, d13-avaliação da ovulação e d41-diagnóstico de gestação. Variáveis contínuas foram analizadas pelo PROC-GLM e binomiais pelo PROC-LOGISTIC do SAS. Foi considerada diferença estatística P<0,05 e tendência P<0,1. A [P4d0] influenciou de forma positiva Fol, concepção e prenhez. A [P4d7] não influenciou os parâmetros avaliados. O Fol, foi menor para 1uso (10,10,19mm) do que 3uso (11,00,21mm) e 2uso (10,60,20mm) não diferiu dos demais. A taxa de sincronização das classes de Fol diferiram entre si (Classe1:Fol<8,5, 28,2%, Classe2:8,5-10,0, 62,5%, Classe3:>10mm, 92,2%. A taxa de concepção das classes de Fol foi avaliada de acordo com o número de utilizações do CIDR no 1º e 2º usos as classes 1 e 2 tiveram menor concepção do que a Classe3, mas no 3ºuso as classes tiveram concepção similar (Classe1, 9,1%, 0%, 40,0%, Classe2: 24,0%, 21,7%, 54,5% Classe3, 52,4%, 48,9%, 53,8%, 1, 2 e 3usos respectivamente). A taxa de concepção, tendeu a ser maior com 3uso (53,2%) que 1ºuso (37,2%) e 2uso (37,8%). A taxa de prenhez, foi maior com 3ºuso (35,5%) que 1uso (20,5%) e 2uso (22,7%).
The aim of this study was to evaluate if progesterone concentrations [P4] on d0 and/or d7 of a protocol and if reutilization of intravaginal progesterone devices (CIDR) could affect FTAI success in Nellore cycling heifers. Heifers (n=398) received the protocol: d0: CIDR (with no previous use (1stuse), previously used for 9d (2nduse) or previously used for 18d (3rduse)) + EB(2mg) + blood samples to determine [P4d0], d7: PGF2 + blood sample to determine [P4d0], d9: CIDR® withdraw + ECP(1mg), D11: FTAI + largest follicle diameter measurement (Fol), D13: check ovulation and D41: pregnancy diagnoses. Continuous variables were analyzed by PROC-GLM and binomial by PROC-LOGISTIC of SAS. Statistical difference was considered with P<0,05 e tendency P<0,1. The [P4d0] positively influenced Fol, conception and pregnancy rates. The CIDR number of uses influenced [P4d7] (1stuse 2.4±1.1; 2nduse 2.0±1.0 and 3rduse 1.7±1.1ng/ml), but [P4d7] didn’t influence studied parameters. The Fol, was smaller on 1stuse (10,10,19mm) compared to 3rduse (11,00,21mm) and 2nduse (10,60,20mm) didn’t differ from others. Synchronization of Fol classes differed (Class1:Fol<8.5, 28,2%, Class2:8.5-10.0, 62.5%, Class3:>10mm, 92,2%. Conception of Fol classes were evaluated by CIDR number of uses. On 1st and 2nduse classes1 and 2 had lower conception compared to class3, but on 3rduse classes conceptions were similar (Class1, 9.1%, 0%, 40.0%, Class2: 24.0%, 21.7%, 54.5% Class3, 52.4%, 48.9%, 53.8%, 1st, 2nd and 3rduse, respectively). Conception tended to be higher on 3rduse (53.2%) compared to 1stuse (37.2%) and 2nduse (37.8%). Overall pregnancy was higher on 3rduse (35.5%) compared to 1stuse (20.5%) and 2nduse (22.7%).

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Peres, Rogério Fonseca Guimarães [UNESP]. "Efeito da concentração pré e pós-ovulatória de progesterona em protocolos de IATF em fêmeas nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96640.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo desses experimentos foi avaliar os efeitos da concentração de progesterona pré e pós-ovulação em fêmeas Nelore submetidas ao protocolo: D0-benzoato de estradiol (2,0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9-retirada do dispositivo + cipionato de estradiol (0,5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamina (PGF2α, 12,5mg, Lutalyse®); D11- IATF. No Exp.1, 1.153 novilhas Nelore cíclicas foram divididas aleatoriamente para receber CIDR® sem utilização prévia ou utilizados previamente por 18 dias e 0, 200 ou 300UI de eCG (Folligon®) no D9. No Exp.2, 702 vacas Nelore solteiras foram divididas para receber aplicação de PGF2α no D7 ou D9 e 0 ou 300 UI de eCG no D9. Nestes experimentos o diâmetro do maior folículo (ØFD) foi avaliado no D11. Amostras de sangue para dosagem de P4 foram colhidas no D9 e D18 (7d pós-IATF). No Exp.3, 1.332 vacas paridas foram avaliadas no D7 quanto à presença de CL, sendo divididas para receber PGF2α no D7 ou D9. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas no D9. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D41. Variáveis contínuas foram avaliadas pelo PROC GLM e binomiais pelo PROC LOGISTIC. Considerou-se efeito significativo quando P<0,05 e tendência quando P<0,1. No Exp.1, as novilhas tratadas com CIDR® sem utilização prévia apresentaram maior [P4D9] (3,06±0,09 vs. 2,53±0,09 ng/ml). A [P4D9] afetou negativamente o ØFD. Novilhas que não receberam eCG apresentaram menor ØFD (0UI: 11,5±0,1a; 200UI: 11,9±0,1b; 300UI: 12,0±0,1bmm). O ØFD afetou positivamente a [P4D18]. Houve efeito de dose de eCG na [P4D18] (0UI: 2,77±0,11a; 200UI: 3,18±0,11b; 300UI: 4,87±0,11cng/ml) e na taxa de sincronização [TS; 0UI: 83,8%(337/402)a; 200UI:88,5%(339/383)ab; 300UI: 94,3%(347/368)b]. A [P4D9] tendeu a afetar negativamente e o ØFD influenciou positivamente a TS. Houve interação entre eCG e [P4D9] na taxa de...
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in Nellore cattle treated with the protocol: D0-estradiol benzoate (2.0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9–CIDR® withdrawal + of estradiol cypionate (0.5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamine (12.5mg, Lutalyse®); D11-TAI. In Exp.1, 1,153 cycling Nellore heifers were randomly assigned to receive on D0 either a non-previously used or a 18d-previously CIDR® and 0, 200UI or 300UI of eCG (Folligon®) on D9. In Exp.2, 702 non-lactating Nellore cows were assigned to receive PGF2α treatment either on D7 or D9 and 0 or 300 IU of eCG on D9. On these experiments, the diameter of the largest follicle (ØFD) was measured on D11. Blood samples were collected on D9 and D18 (seven days after TAI) to evaluate serum progesterone concentrations. In Exp.3, 1,332 suckled Nellore cows were evaluated on D7 for luteal tissue presence. Cows were assigned to receive PGF2α either on D7 or D9. Blood samples were collected on D9. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on D41. Continuous variables were evaluated by PROC GLM and binary by PROC LOGISTIC. Significant differences were considered when P<0.05 and tendencies when P<0.1. In Exp.1, heifers treated with non-previously used CIDR® had greater [P4D9] (3.06±0.09 vs. 2.53±0.09 ng/ml). The [P4D9] negatively affected the ØFD. There was effect of eCG dosage on ØFD (0IU: 11.5±0.1a; 200IU: 11.9±0.1b; 300IU: 12.0±0.1bmm). The ØFD positively affected the [P4D18]. The eCG dosage influenced the [P4D18] (0UI: 2.77±0.11a; 200UI: 3.18±0.11b; 300UI: 4.87±0.11cng/ml). Treatment with eCG affected synchronization rate [SR; 0IU: 83.8% (337/402)a; 200IU: 88.5% (339/383)ab; 300IU: 94.3% (347/368)b]. The [P4D9] tended to negatively affect, and the ØFD positively affected the SR. There was interaction between eCG and [P4D9] on conception...

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Conceição, Juliana Costa da [UNESP]. "Dinâmica ovariana e concentrações plasmática de progesterona durante o ciclo estral de jumenta (Equus asimus)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98270.

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A atividade folicular ovariana foi estudada utilizando-se a ultra-sonografia e a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) ao longo de 10 ciclos estrais em jumentas da raça Marchador Brasileira. Diariamente exames ultra-sonográfico foram realizados e os dados compilados foram estudados retrospectivamente, baseando-se na identificação diária de cada folículo. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas diariamente a partir da ovulação (D0) até a ovulação subseqüente. Os folículos com diâmetros 11 mm foram mensurados e o diâmetro médio foi registrado diariamente em um mapa representativo dos ovários realizando uma análise retrospectiva dos dados, permitindo a construção da dinâmica de crescimento folicular. Uma e duas ondas foliculares maiores foram detectadas em seis (60%) e quatro (40%) dos dez ciclos estrais estudados, respectivamente. A emergência da onda primária e divergência folicular para ciclos com uma onda maior foram 10,2±0,75 e 14±0,81 e para os ciclos com duas ondas maiores 9±2 e 14,0±1,15 dias pós-ovulação. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante nos ciclos com uma e duas ondas foliculares foram 37,2±3,35 mm e 37,3±1,1mm, respectivamente. A duração média do intervalo interovulatório foi de 23±1,79 e 22,3±1,26 dias nos ciclos com uma ou duas ondas maiores. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante foi ligeiramente menor nos casos de ovulações duplas, em comparação às ovulações únicas (p>0,05). Os corpos lúteos formados a partir de ovulações simples ou duplas apresentaram diâmetro de 26,2 4,4 e 22,12,7mm, respectivamente, representando 66,1% e 64,1% do tamanho do folículo pré-ovulatório. A presença de dois corpos lúteos nos ovários das jumentas que apresentaram ovulações duplas, não refletiu em aumento significativo da concentração de progesterona.
The ovarian activity was accessed by ultrasound and progesterone plasma concentrations (P4) throughout 10 estrous cycles from Jennies (Marchador Brasileira). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and the dada was retrospectively studied based on daily identification of each follicle detected. Blood samples were collected every 24 hours from ovulation (D0) until the next identified ovulation. The follicles measuring 11mm were detected and their mean diameter was registered daily using an ovarian map and permitting a retrospective evaluation of the dada, which represented the follicular growth dynamics. One and two major follicular waves were detected in six (60%) and four ( 40%) cycles respectively from ten estrous cycles in the present study. The primary wave emergency and follicle deviation from the cycles observed during the present study with one major follicular wave occurred at day 10.2  0.75 and at day14.1  0.81 and for cycles with two major waves, those events occurred at 9  2 and 14.0  1.15 days after ovulation. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle at the cycles with one and two follicular waves were 37.2  3.35 mm and 37.3  1.1 respectively. The mean intervals from two ovulations were 23  1.79 and 22.3  1.26 days when observed in cycles with one and two major follicular waves. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle was slightly smaller when double ovulations were observed if compared with the single ovulations (p>0.05). The corpora lutea formed from single ovulations or double ovulations presented a mean diameter of 26.2  4.4 and 22.1  2.7 mm, respectively, which represented 66.1% and 64.1% of the preovulatory follicle diameter. The presence of two Cls from double ovulations was not reflected by a significant increase on progesterone concentrations.

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Torres, Chavez Karla Elena 1978. "Influencia do sexo e dos hormonios sexuais na inflamação induzida pela administração de formalina na articulação teporomandibular de ratos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290574.

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Orientador: Claudia Herrera Tambeli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A alta prevalência das condições dolorosas e desordens inflamatórias da articulação temporomandibular e de doenças inflamatórias no sexo feminino sugere a participação dos hormônios sexuais na modulação da dor e da resposta inflamatória da articulação temporomandibular. Estudos prévios sugerem que os altos níveis do estradiol durante o ciclo estral e a administração de estradiol ou progesterona em ratas ovariectomizadas ou testosterona em ratos orquidectomizados diminui a nocicepção induzida pela injeção de formalina (1,5%) na articulação temporomandibular. O mecanismo pelo qual esses hormônios reduzem a nocicepção da articulação temporomandibular ainda não é conhecido, mas poderia ser delimitado por uma atividade antiinflamatória. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sexo e dos hormônios sexuais na inflamação induzida pela injeção de formalina na articulação temporomandibular. Para avaliar a inflamação na articulação temporomandibular, nós mensuramos o extravasamento plasmático e a migração de leucócitos polimorfonucleares (neutrófilos). A formalina, agente nociceptivo e inflamatório, induziu extravasamento plasmático e migração de neutrófilos significativamente menor em fêmeas em proestro que em fêmeas em diestro e machos. O extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária em fêmeas ovariectomizadas foi similar ao de fêmeas sham-ovariectomizadas em diestro e significativamente maior que o de fêmeas sham-ovariectomizadas em proestro. A administração de estradiol, mas não de progesterona em fêmeas ovariectomizadas diminuiu significativamente o extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária induzida pela injeção de formalina na articulação temporomandibular. A orquidectomia não afetou o extravasamento plasmático e a migração leucocitária, no entanto, administração de testosterona em machos orquidectomizados os reduziu significativamente. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que o estradiol e a testosterona exercem um pronunciado efeito antiinflamatório na articulação temporomandibular, sugerindo que este efeito pode mediar, ao menos em parte, o efeito antinociceptivo destes hormônios na articulação temporomandibular
Abstract: The greater prevalence of pain conditions in temporomandibular joint and inflammatory diseases in female suggests the involvement of sex hormones in temporomandibular joint pain and inflammation. Previous studies suggest that the high estradiol level during the rat estrous cycle and the administration of estradiol or progesterone in ovariectomized female or testosterone in orchiectomized male rats decrease formalin-induced temporomandibular joint nociception. The mechanism by which sex hormones decrease temporomandibular joint nociception is unknown, however could be mediated by decreasing temporomandibular joint inflammation. For that reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex and sex hormones on formalin-induced temporomandibular joint inflammation. To measure temporomandibular joint inflammation, we evaluated plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration. Formalin induced significant lower temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration in proestrus females than in males and in diestrus females. Formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration in ovariectomized females were similar to those of sham-operated diestrus females and significantly higher than those of sham-operated proestrus females. Estradiol but not progesterone administration in ovariectomized females significantly reduced formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration. Formalin-induced temporomandibular joint plasma extravasation and neutrophil migration were not affected by orchiectomy, while testosterone administration in orchiectomized males significantly decreased them. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of estradiol and testosterone in temporomandibular joint and suggest that this effect may mediate, at least in part, the antinociceptive effect of these hormones on the temporomandibular joint
Mestrado
Fisiologia Oral
Mestre em Odontologia

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Zhu, Xiaoyan. "Progesterone in Stroke Cerebroprotection : Metabolites, Target Cells, and Role of Neural Progesterone Receptors (PR)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS449.

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L’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) déclenche une cascade de changements qui conduisent à la mort cellulaire mais aussi des processus endogènes de protection en réponse à l'ischémie. La compréhension de ces processus est très importante pour le développement d’agents neuro-protecteurs potentiels qui peuvent être seulement des amplificateurs des processus endogènes. Le traitement par la progestérone est neuro-protecteur dans des modèles expérimentaux d’occlusion de l'artère cérébrale moyenne (MCAO). Cependant, des niveaux endogènes significatifs de progestérone sont mesurables dans le cerveau de souris mâles et femelles.Le but de notre travail était d'étudier: 1) les effets de l’ischémie sur les niveaux endogènes des stéroïdes et le rôle des récepteurs de la progestérone (PR) à la phase aiguë après ischémie chez les souris jeunes adultes et âgées des deux sexes; 2) la base cellulaire de la neuroprotection par la progestérone après ischémie et le rôle de PR neural. Nous avons utilisé un modèle d’ischémie expérimentale (MCAO); une lignée transgénique de souris (PRNesCre) dans laquelle l’expression de PR a été sélectivement invalidée dans les cellules neurales; la chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrométrie de masse en tandem (GC-MS/MS); et des analyses histologiques, comportementales, et d’immunofluorescence.Dans la première partie, nous avons montré que dans le cerveau de souris mâles la progestérone est principalement convertie en 5a-dihydroprogestérone (5a-DHP), qui est un agoniste naturel de PR. Après MCAO, les niveaux de progestérone et de 5a-DHP cérébrales augment chez les mâles, mais pas chez les femelles. En revanche, les femelles peuvent utiliser l’inter-conversion de la 20a-dihydroprogestérone et de la progestérone pour réguler la disponibilité des pregnanes actifs au niveau de PR. De plus, les souris PRNesCre, mâles et femelles jeunes adultes et âgées, ont des infarctus plus grands et des déficits sensori-moteurs plus importants ainsi qu’une diminution de la densité des neurones et de la microglie activée comparativement aux souris témoins PRloxP/loxP. En outre, nos résultats ont révélé des différences liées au sexe chez les souris jeunes, mais pas chez les souris âgées. Dans la deuxième partie de l'étude, nous avons montré que, chez les souris mâles PRloxP/loxP, le traitement par la progestérone améliore la récupération fonctionnelle et réduit le volume de l'infarctus. Dans le péri-infarctus, la progestérone augmente la densité des neurones, des oligodendrocytes et de leurs précurseurs, et diminue la densité des astrocytes et de la microglie activée, et l'expression de l’aquaporine 4. Ces effets de la progestérone n’ont pas été observés chez les souris PRNesCre.Nos résultats montrent 1) l'importance des pregnanes endogènes et du PR neural pour la protection cérébrale à la phase aiguë précoce après une ischémie; 2) que le traitement par la progestérone chez les souris mâles après ischémie a des effets neuro-protecteurs, pro-myélinisants et anti-inflammatoires et que PR neural est requis pour la médiation de ces effets. Ces données suggèrent fortement que les ligands de PR ou des agents ciblant leur signalisation en aval pourraient être développés pour la neuro-protection après un AVC
Ischemic stroke initiates a cascade of changes that lead to cell death and also coordinates endogenous processes that counteract the nocuous consequences of ischemia. Understanding these processes is very important for the development of potential neuroprotectants which can be just boosters of endogenous processes. Treatment with exogenous progesterone is neuroprotective after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the male and female brains contain significant amounts of endogenous progesterone.The aim of our work was to study: 1) the effects of MCAO on the endogenous levels of steroids and the role of neural progesterone receptors (PR) at the acute phase after stoke in young and aging mice of both sexes; 2) the cellular basis of the neuroprotection by progesterone following stroke and the role of neural PR. We used an in vivo model of MCAO; a transgenic mice line (PRNesCre) selectively lacking the expression of PR in neural cells; gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS); and histological, behavioral, and immunofluorescence analyses.In the first part of the study, we showed that in the male mouse brain, progesterone is mainly converted to 5a-dihydroprogesterone (5a-DHP), which is a natural PR agonist ligand. After MCAO, brain levels of progesterone and 5a-DHP are rapidly upregulated in males but not in females. In contrast, females may use the interconversion of 20a-dihydroprogesterone and progesterone for regulating the availability of PR-active pregnanes. Moreover, young and aging male and female PRNesCre mice exhibited increased infarcts, severe sensorimotor deficits, and decreased densities of neurons and microglia comparatively to age-matched control mice PRloxP/loxP. In addition, our results revealed sex differences in stroke outcomes in young but not in aging mice. In the second part of the study, we showed that, in male PRloxP/loxP mice, progesterone improved sensorimotor outcomes and reduced infarct volumes. In the peri-infarct, progesterone increased the densities of neurons, oligodendrocytes and their precursors, decreased the densities of activated astrocytes and microglia, and the expression of the aquaporin 4. These beneficial effects of progesterone were not observed in PRNesCre mice.Our findings 1) uncover the importance of endogenous pregnanes and neural PR for the cerebroprotection at the early acute phase after stroke; 2) show that progesterone treatment in male mice has neuro-protectant, pro-myelinating and anti-inflammatory effects after MCAO and that neural PR is required for the mediation of these effects. These data strongly suggest that ligands of PR or agents targeting their downstream signaling could be developed for neuroprotection after stroke

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Santos, Rafael Dalbosco dos. "O impacto do diabetes Mellitus do tipo 1 sobre a ação da resposta proliferativa estimulada pela progesterona no ambiente uterino de camundongos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42134/tde-18042016-101410/.

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A proliferação celular mediada pela progesterona (P4) é essencial para a funcão uterina. Dessa forma, alterações nesse processo podem comprometer a reprodução. O diabetes do tipo 1 (DM1) está associado a diversos distúrbios reprodutivos. No entanto, o impacto do DM1 sobre a ação da P4 no ambiente uterino ainda não é conhecido. Para isso, utilizamos fêmeas de camundongo DM1 induzidas por aloxana, submetidas à ovarectomia (OVX) e reposição por P4. Verificamos por meio de histomorfometria e imunohistoquímica (PCNA) uma diminuição da área de estroma uterino e do índice de proliferação. As quantificações proteícas por Western blot monstraram um aumento do PR-A nas fêmeas diabéticas OVX e nas tratadas pela P4. Ressalta-se que as fêmeas DM1 tratados pela P4 não apresentaram a mesma expressão do RNAm para o fator de crescimento Hoxa-10. Houve também um aumento do RNAm da p27 nas fêmeas DM1 não tratadas, visto por qPCR. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o DM1 interfere negativamente na resposta proliferativa promovida pela P4. Contribuindo para compreensão dos mecanismos biológicos pelos quais o diabetes compromete as funções reprodutivas.
Progesterone (P4)-mediated cell proliferation is essential for uterine function. Therefore, alteration in this process could compromise reproduction. The type 1 diabetes (DM1) relates to several reproductive disturbs. However, the impact of DM1 on the P4 function is still not elucidated. Thus, we used alloxan-induced diabetic mice females subjected to ovariectomy and hormonal replacement therapy with P4. Histomorphometrical and immunohistochemistry to PCNA approaches showed a decrease of the uterine stromal area and the cell proliferation index. Protein quantification by Western blot showed increased levels of PR-A in both ovariectomized and P4-treated diabetic females. Importantly, P4 did not recovered the mRNA expression to the Hoxa-10 transcription factor in diabetic females. Additionally, qPCR analysis revealed increased level of p27 mRNA in diabetic females non-treated with P4. Together these results show that DM1 has a negative action on the P4-mediated cell proliferative response. These are new and important results to a better understand of the biological mechanisms by which diabetes affects the reproductive functions.

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Shahzamani, Afshin. "Progesterone as an anti-convulsant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63177.pdf.

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8

Anderson, Laurie. "The myometrial effects of progesterone." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2203/.

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Introduction: Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and rates are rising. The UK now has the highest rate of premature birth in Europe with 5.3% of overall births in Scotland occurring spontaneously before 37 weeks gestation (1, 2) .Preterm babies have higher rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity and those that survive are at risk of multiple conditions including respiratory distress syndrome, central nervous system abnormalities, necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. The mechanisms of preterm birth are poorly understood. Preterm birth can be spontaneous or induced and spontaneous preterm labour has multiple aetiologies. Current evidence suggests that prolonged treatment with progesterone and 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHPC) may reduce the incidence of premature delivery in high risk patients with a history of spontaneous preterm birth (3) or with a short cervix. However, progesterone is not uniformly effective in preventing preterm labour and at present its principal mode of action on myometrium is unknown. I aimed to determine some of the specific mechanisms of action of progesterone. Aims: I hypothesised that progesterone has a direct inhibitory effect on spontaneous myometrial contractility, induces increased sensitivity to tocolytic agents and decreases sensitivity to contractile agonists such as oxytocin. I also hypothesised that progesterone has inhibitory effects on endogenous uterine stimulants, stimulatory effects on endogenous uterine relaxants, induces upregulation of endogenous receptors that inhibit uterine contractions and inhibits contraction associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: I recruited women already enrolled in the STOPPIT (a double blind randomised placebo controlled study of progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twins) who were given vaginal progesterone, or placebo and who were scheduled for caesarean section. I also recruited women with healthy twin or singleton pregnancies undergoing elective caesarean section. Myometrial biopsies were obtained from the upper border of the lower uterine segment incision during caesarean section. Samples were divided and used for contractility measurements, or subsequent mRNA, protein and immunohistochemical analysis. Myometrial strips were cut and suspended under resting tension within organ baths. Concentration-response curves were carried out in response to oxytocin, levcromakalim, nifedipine and ritodrine to ascertain any reduction in effect by progesterone on oxytocics or enhancement of tocolytic effects. I also carried out concentration-response curves to progesterone alone and in the presence of potassium channel blocking agents. I then assessed ex vivo, the inherent contractility of the placebo versus progesterone groups from myometrium sampled from the STOPPIT cohort of patients. I carried out cell culture experiments on myometrium from healthy singleton women who were not in labour at the time of sampling. Myometrial explants were placed in cell culture medium, cultured for 1, 4 and 24 hours, and the supernatants were then analysed using Bio-Plex array technology to ascertain cytokine release. I selected time points and concentrations conditions to incubate myometrial tissue using progesterone and 17OHPC and was able to assess cytokine release. The myometrial explants were used for subsequent molecular studies. I performed real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Abi,Taqman) to quantitate endogenous inhibitors of uterine contractility (cGRPR, EP2,NOS), cytokines (interleukins- IL6, IL8, IL1β), uterine stimulants COX-2 and gap junction components ( connexin 26 and connexin 43) expressed relative to housekeeping gene 18s. Lastly, I analysed the STOPPIT cohort of myometrial samples for to determine the in vivo effect of progesterone. We carried out RT-PCR (Abi,Taqman) to quantitate endogenous inhibitors of uterine contractility (cGRPR, EP2,NOS, PGDH), cytokines (IL6, IL8, IL1β) and gap junction components (connexin 26 and 43).I performed immunohistochemistry, staining for localisation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. I then carried out protein expression analysis using Western blot for contraction associate protein, connexin 43. The project was approved by North Glasgow University Hospitals Research Ethics Committee ref no. 05/S0705/18. All patients gave written informed consent to participate. Results: I found that progesterone, exerted consistent, rapid and sustained inhibition of the amplitude of spontaneous myometrial contractions in vitro at high concentrations however, this affect was not achieved through the principal potassium channels. Levcromakalim, a KATP channel opener, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. These effects were antagonised by the KATP channel blocker, glibenclamide. In contrast, glibenclamide had no effect on the progesterone-induced inhibition of myometrial contractility. Charybdotoxin 10 nM (which blocks IKCa, BKCa and Kv channels), iberiotoxin 100 nM (which blocks BKCa channels) and apamin 100 nM (which blocks SKCa channels) failed to affect the ability of progesterone to inhibit myometrial contractility. In contrast, 17OHPC did not exert any inhibitory effect on myometrial activity in vitro. Results indicated, at the selected pharmacological doses used in vitro that progesterone did not increase sensitivity to tocolytic agents tested. There was no decrease in sensitivity to the uterotonin oxytocin. Lastly, from our STOPPIT patient cohort I demonstrated no difference between the progesterone and placebo groups in either spontaneous contractility, response to tocolytics as above or response to oxytocin. One main conclusion of this arm of the study is that in vivo progesterone therapy to prevent pre-term labour does not appear to modify contractility ex vivo. I demonstrated that administration of progesterone but not 17OHPC for up to 24 hours in vitro does not appear to modify mRNA expression of uterine stimulants such as cytokines, COX-2 or endogenous uterine relaxants such as NOS and PGDH. Progesterone but not 17OHPC inhibited production of gap junction component connexin 43. This modification of contraction associated protein is in agreement with other literature presented on human myometrial data in vitro (4) . I used STOPPIT patients as a potential example of the myometrial effects of progesterone in vivo with a placebo treated control group. Prolonged maternal administration of progesterone appeared to inhibit expression of gap junction components connexin 26 and 43 in myometrium. Connexin 43 importantly, was also modified in vitro within the progesterone treated arm. However, ex-vivo assessment of the functional impact on human myometrium does not demonstrate a long-term inhibitory impact on myometrial function with down regulation of endogenous contractile inhibitors such as eNOS and EP2. The connexins play an essential role in regulating synchronous myometrial contractions. If progesterone has been of benefit in those at risk of preterm labour with a history of spontaneous preterm birth, it is possible therefore that this is by reducing connexin expression, which prevents the development of these synchronous contractions whilst on progesterone therapy. In summary, I have demonstrated putative mechanisms by which progesterone (and its analogue 17OHPC) might prevent preterm birth. Further studies characterising these pathways might inform the design of other agents which could provide additional efficacy in preventing preterm delivery.

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Tometzki, G. B. "d1-Progesterone : A total synthesis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374578.

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Vieira, Fernanda Victor Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Infusão intravenosa de glicose e balanço energético na expressão de enzimas hepáticas responsáveis pelo catabolismo de progesterona em bovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96632.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_fvr_me_botfmvz.pdf: 300511 bytes, checksum: e122704bc94212fa16d6f5f449d2e702 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da infusão intravenosa de glicose sobre as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, IGF-1, P4, expressão de RNAm de GHR1A e IGF-1, e expressão de RNAm das enzimas hepáticas CYP2C e CYP3A, responsáveis pelo catabolismo de P4 no fígado, em vacas leiteiras secas, ovariectomizadas e com dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR) em diferentes BE. Foram utilizadas 15 vacas mestiças Holandês/Gir ovariectomizadas e secas, aleatoriamente distribuídas em um de dois tratamentos nutricionais: 1) BEN (n=7) e 2) BEP (n=8). O grupo de vacas em BEP recebeu concentrado individualmente uma vez ao dia. Durante a fase de adaptação (d-28 ao d-15,5), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de terceiro uso, sendo que após esta fase (d-14), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR novo. No d 0, as vacas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em crossover design contendo dois períodos de 24 horas cada (d 0 e d 1): 1) infusão intravenosa de glicose (0,5g/Kg de PV) ou 2) infusão intravenosa de salina (0,9% NaCl). Imediatamente após jejum de 12 horas, as infusões foram feitas em período de três horas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às -12 (início do jeum), 0 (antes da infusão), 3 e 6 horas após início da infusão através da veia coccígea em tubos tipo vacutainer. As biopsias hepáticas foram feitas às 0 e 3 horas nos dias do tratamento (d 0 e d 1). Vacas em BEN perderam mais PV e ECC em relação às vacas em BEP (-23,15 vs. 16,5 kg ± 3,9; -0,200 vs. 0,075 unidades de ECC ± 0,062, respectivamente). Vacas recebendo infusão intravenosa de glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de glicose às 3 horas do início da infusão do que vacas recebendo salina. Vacas em BEN recebendo glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de insulina do que vacas em BEP recebendo glicose às 3 horas pós-infusão...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous glucose infusion on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, progesterone (P4), mRNA expression of GHR1A, IGF-1, and mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes CYP 2C and CYP 3A responsible for the catabolism of P4 in the liver in dry cows, ovariectomized with intravaginal device P4 (CIDR) in different energy balances. Fifteen non-lactating, ovariectomized Gir × Holstein cows, and randomly assigned to: 1) negative nutrient balance (NB; n=7)) and 2) positive nutrient balance (PB; n=8). The group of cows in PB was supplemented individually once a day. For the adaptation phase (d-d-28 to 15, 5), each cow received a CIDR of the third use, and after the adaptation phase (d-14), each cow received a new CIDR. On d 0, cows within nutritional treatment were randomly assigned to receive, in a crossover design containing 2 periods of 24 h each (d0 and d1): 1) intravenous glucose infusion (0.5g/Kg of BW), or 2) intravenous saline infusion (0,9% NaCl). Immediately after fasting for 12 hours, infusions were made over a period of three hours. Blood samples were collected at -12 (beginning of fasting), 0 (before infusion), 3 and 6 hours after start of infusion via the coccygeal vein in vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant type. The liver biopsies were performed at 0 and 3 hours in the day of treatment (d 0 and d 1). NB cows lost more BW and BCS than PB cows (-23.15 vs. 16.5 kg ± 3.9, vs. -0.200. 0.075 ± 0.062 BCS units, respectively). Cows receiving intravenous infusion of glucose had higher serum concentrations of glucose to 3 hours for the start of infusion than cows receiving saline. NB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations of insulin than PB cows receiving glucose, however PB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Valentim, Renato. "Concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona e eficiência reprodutiva de diferentes dispositivos de liberação lenta de progesterona usados em inseminação artificial em tempo fixo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-10042007-180715/.

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Quatro experimentos foram realizados para avaliar as concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona ([P4]) e as taxas de fertilidade na inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) após o uso de diferentes dispositivos de liberação lenta de progesterona (DP). No primeiro experimento foram utilizadas 4 novilhas ovariectomizadas. Esses animais receberam 5 diferentes tipos de DP, nos quais se variou a superfície de contato (50cm² ou 100 cm² e a dose de progesterona (0,5g; 1,0g e 2,0g) Os dispositivos foram inseridos aos pares durante 7 dias e se estabeleceu um intervalo entre tratamentos de pelo menos 30 dias. Com os dados de [P4] 24 horas e sete dias após a inserção do DP obtiveram-se as seguintes equações de regressão, respectivamente: [P4]24h = 0,238 + 0,0343(área) + 0,513(dose); (R²=0,94) e [P4] 7d = 0,331+ 0,0056(área) + 0,329(dose); (R²=0,71). No segundo experimento foram comparados dois dos dispositivos testados no primeiro estudo: P50-1,0 (50 cm2 área; 1,0g dose P4) e P50-1,5 (50 cm² área; 1,5g dose P4) com dois dispositivos comerciais: CIDR (120 cm² área; 1,9g P4 dose) e DIB (120 cm² área; 1,0g P4 dose). Os dispositivos foram inseridos em 15 novilhas Nelore pré-puberes para avaliação das [P4] obtendo-se, após 24 horas de inserção, para CIDR, DIB, P50-1,5 e P50-1,0, respectivamente: 7,7±2,8ª ; 4,5±0,75b; 5,9±2,5b e 2,1±0,5c ng/ml e após 8 dias, respectivamente: 3,3±0,7ª ; 2,6±2,0ª; 3,0±2,4ª e 1,1±0,27bng/ml. As regressões obtidas no primeiro experimento não foram eficientes para estimar as [P4] obtidas no estudo 2. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 comparou-se a eficiência dos dispositivos DIB e P50-1,5 em 431 vacas de corte zebuínas e cruzadas, com bezerros ao pé e multíparas, após uso em um programa de IATF no qual os dispositivos permaneciam nos animais durante 8 dias; quando da colocação desses dispositivos, eram aplicados 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE) e, na retirada, 400UI de eCG. Uma última dose de BE foi administrada 24 horas após a retirada dos DP, e a IATF foi realizada 54 horas após a retirada dos DP. Não foram encontradas diferenças nas taxas de concepção da IATF entre dispositivos. As taxas de concepção variaram entre 30 e 51,6% nos lotes tratados. O tratamento diminuiu o intervalo tratamento-parto de 365 para 317 dias, comparado à monta natural.
Four studies have been made to evaluate the plasmatic progesterone concentration ([P4]) of different intravaginal low delivery progesterone devices (PD) and the fertility rates after their use in timed artificial insemination (TAI). In the first study there were used 4 ovariectomized heifers. These animals received 5 kinds of prototypes PD on which varied the contact surface (50 or 100 cm²) and the progesterone doses (0,5; 1,0 or 2g). These PD were inserted in the vaginas in pairs and the interval between treatments was higher than 30 days. With the data of [P4] there were found the fallowing regressive equations for the days 1 and 7 after the insertion , respectively: [P4]24h = 0,238 + 0,0343(surface) + 0,513(dose); (R²=0,94) and [P4]7d = 0,331+ 0,0056(surface) + 0,329(dose); (R²=0,71). In the second study there were compared 2 prototypes PD based on the first study: P50-1,0 (50 cm² surface; 1,0g dose P4) and P50-1,5 (50 cm² surface; 1,5g dose P4) with two commercial PD: CIDR (120 cm² surface; 1,9g P4 dose) and DIB (120 cm² surface; 1,0g P4 dose). These PD were inserted in 15 prepuberal Nelore heifers to evaluate the [P4] The [P4] (in ng/ml) found after 24 hours were for CIDR, DIB, P50-1,5 e P50-1,0, respectively: 7.7±2.8ª ; 4.5±0.75b; 5.9±2.5b e 2.1±0.5c ng/ml and after 8 days, respectively: 3.3±0.7ª ; 2.6±2.0ª; 3.0±2.4ª e 1.1±0.27b ng/ml. The regressive equations found in the first study were not efficient to estimate the [P4] for the prototypes PDs. In the studies 3 and 4 there were compared the PD DIB and P50-1.5 for TAI in 431 Nelore and cross-breed lactating postpartum beef cows. The TAI protocol was: PD insertion per 8 days, administration of 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) in the insertion day - 400 UI of eCG in the PD removal - 1mg EB 24 hours after PD removal- TAI 54 hours after the PD removal. There were no differences in TAI conception rates between PD. The TAI conception rates ranged from 30 to 51.6% in the treated herds. The treatment has decreased the treatment-partum interval from 365 to 317 days on animals submitted to natural mating.

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Rocha, Marcela Sene. "Avaliação reprodutiva de ovelhas da raça Texel submetidas a diferentes protocolos de indução de estro na contraestação reprodutiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-11042014-114526/.

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Para estudo de diferentes períodos de protocolos de indução do estro e de um novo dispositivo de progesterona para pequenos ruminantes (DPR - Tecnopec, Brasil) foram realizados dois experimentos em ovelhas da raça Texel durante a contraestação reprodutiva. Experimento 1: com o objetivo de comparar a eficiência de protocolos de indução do estro em períodos de nove versus doze dias e com a utilização de dispositivos novos versus usados através das taxas de gestação e manifestação de estro, foram utilizados 160 ovelhas Texel. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: protocolo de 9 dias com a utilização de um dispositivo feito em silicone novo (G9N, n=91), protocolo de 9 dias com a utilização de dispositivo usado (G9U, n=25), protocolo de 12 dias com a utilização de dispositivo novo (G12N, n=26) e protocolo de 12 dias com a utilização de dispositivo usado (G12U, n=18). Os dispositivos foram colocados no dia zero (D0) e retirados no dia nove (D9) nos grupos G9N e G9U e doze dias após (D12) nos grupos G12N e G12U. Junto com a aplicação de 0,125mg de cloprostenol (Estron, Agener, Brasil) e 500UI de eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Netherland). Experimento 2: com o objetivo de comparar o Dispositivo Pequenos Ruminantes (DPR - Tecnopec, Brasil) versus esponja impregnada com medroxiprogesterona Progespon® (MSD, Brasil) no protocolo de 9 dias foram utilizadas 152 ovelhas Texel. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: protocolo de 9 dias com a utilização da esponja Progespon® (GP, n=61) e protocolo de 9 dias com a utilização do Dispositivo Pequenos Ruminantes (GDPR, n=91). O protocolo utilizado foi semelhante ao G9N do experimento 1 exceto pelo tipo de dispositivo utilizado. No experimento 1 e 2 as variáveis analisadas foram: taxas de manifestação de estro, concepção e prenhez e dispersão no intervalo de cio. O exame de ultrassonografia para detecção de prenhez (Chisson, KYLUMAX) foi realizado com 30 e 60 dias da retirada do dispositivo. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e os dados analisados através do programa SAS System for Windows (SAS, 2000). Como resultados observou-se que não houve diferenças entre os protocolos de 9 e 12 dias, assim como entre os dois tipos de dispositivos em relação a taxa de manifestação de estro, concepção e prenhez. Houve maior taxa de manifestação de estro (P<0,05)) do dispositivo novo se comparado com o usado. Foi observado menor (P<0,05) dispersão na ocorrência de estro no protocolo de 9 dias utilizando o dispositivo novo. Conclui-se que os protocolos de 9 e 12 dias e ambos dispositivos são semelhantes quanto a eficácia de indução do estro em ovelhas Texel durante a contraestação reprodutiva e que o dispositivo novo apresenta maior taxa na manifestação de estro em comparação com o dispositivo usado.
Two experiments were conducted to study different periods of estrus induction and study of a new progesterone device for small ruminants (DPR - Tecnopec, Brazil) protocols in Texel ewes during the non-breeding season. Experiment 1: 160 Texel ewes were used in order to compare the efficiency of estrus induction protocols with the nine versus twelve days periods and the use of new versus used devices through the rates of estrus manifestation and pregnancy. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: 9 days protocol with the use of the new device (G9N, n = 91) and 9 days protocol with the use of used devices (G9U, n = 25) 12 days protocol with the use of the new device (G12N, n = 26) and 12 days protocol with use of used device (G12U, n = 18). The devices were placed on day zero (D0) and removed on day nine (D9) in the G9N and G9U groups and twelve days after (D12) in the groups G12U and G12N, together with the use of 0.125 mg of cloprostenol (Estron, Agener, Brazil) and 500 IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Netherland). Experiment 2: 152 Texel ewes were used in order to compare the Small Ruminants Device (DPR - Tecnopec, Brazil) versus Sponge impregnated with medroxyprogesterone Progespon® (MSD, Brazil) in the 9 days protocol. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups: 9 days protocol using sponge Progespon® (GP, n = 61) and 9 days protocol using Small Ruminants Device (GDPR, n = 91). The protocol used was similar to that G9N of experiment 1 except by the type of device used. 312 sheep were used in the period of September to November 2012. The considered methodologies in experiment 1 were: rates of estrus manifestation, conception and pregnancy and dispersion in the heat interval. The ultrasound examination for detection of pregnancy (Chisson, KYLUMAX) was performed at 30 and 60 days after D9 and D12. The experimental design was completely randomized and analyzed using the SAS System for Windows (SAS, 2000) program. As results it was shown no differences between the protocols 9 and 12 days, as well as between the two types of devices in relation to the estrus manifestation, conception and pregnancy rate. There was a higher estrus manifestation rate (P <0.05) of the new device compared with the used one. It was observed lower (P <0.05) dispersion in the occurrence of estrus in the 9 days protocol. We conclude that the protocols 9 and 12 days and both devices are similar in efficacy to induce estrus in Texel ewes during the non-breeding season and the new device has the highest rate of estrus manifestation compared to the used device.

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Oliveira, Milena Lopes. "Efeito do ambiente endócrino periovulatório na expressão gênica do endométrio durante a primeira semana do ciclo estral em bovinos: biossíntese e sinalização de eicosanoides." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-19122013-101159/.

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Os esteroides ovarianos modulam a expressão de importantes moléculas no endométrio de fêmeas bovinas, incluindo os eicosanoides. Os eicosanoides sintetizados pelo endométrio controlam uma gama de eventos reprodutivos. A hipótese do presente estudo é que a síntese de eicosanoides pelo endométrio no sétimo dia pós-estro é regulada pelo ambiente endócrino periovulatório. Objetivou-se mensurar a expressão gênica de 23 proteínas envolvidas na síntese, transporte e sinalização de eicosanoides e quantificar uma série de eicosanoides no útero de vacas de corte com diferentes perfis hormonais peri-ovulatórios no início do diestro. O crescimento folicular foi farmacologicamente manipulado para que resultassem grupos apresentando folículo pré-ovulatório e corpo lúteo grande (F/CLG; n=11) ou pequeno (F/CLP; n=11). Vacas Nelores multíparas, não lactantes, pré-sincronizadas, receberam (F/CLG) ou não (F/CLP) uma dose de PGF2α e um dispositivo de progesterona, juntamente com benzoato de estradiol. A remoção dos dispositivos de liberação de progesterona e aplicação de PGF2α foi realizada 60 a 42 horas antes da indução da ovulação no grupo F/CLG e entre 48 a 30 horas no grupo F/CLP. A ovulação foi induzida (GnRH; 10g) no D0. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas entre os dias D-2 a D0 e D0 a D7 para mensuração das concentrações de estradiol os dias progesterona, respectivamente. No dia 7, tecidos e lavados uterinos foram coletados. Em comparação ao grupo F/CLG, os animais do grupo F/CLP apresentaram folículos pré-ovulatórios e CL menores que resultaram em menores concentrações de estradiol e progesterona, respectivamente (P<0,5). A quantificação dos transcritos foi feita por qPCR. A abundância dos genes PTGES, AKR1C3, AKR1C4, CBR1, PTGIS e ALOX12, foi maior para os animais do grupo F/GLG, e PLA2G10 foi menor no mesmo grupo quando comparado com o grupo F/CLP (P<0,10). A concentração de metabólitos foi mensurada no tecido endometrial (pg/g) e lavado uterino (ng/mL) por espectrometria de massas. Maiores concentrações do metabolito 9-HETE foram encontradas no tecido endometrial do grupo F/CLP (P<0,05). Comparações entre médias foram determinadas pelo teste t de Student. Conclui-se que diferentes concentrações de estradiol (proestro) e progesterona (início do diestro) foram capazes de modular a expressão de genes relativos à síntese de eicosanoides, sem influenciar as concentrações dos eicosanoides no endométrio e lavado uterino de fêmeas bovinas no sétimo dia do ciclo.
Ovarian steroids modulate the expression of important molecules on bovine endometrium, including eicosanoids. The eicosanoids synthetized by the endometrium control many reproductive processes. The hypothesis of this study is that the eicosanoids synthesis by the endometrium on day seven after the estrous is regulated by the periovulatory endocrine milieu. The aims of this study were (1) to measure the expression of 23 genes that encode proteins involved in eicosanoids synthesis, transport and signaling and (2) to quantify eicosanoids on beef cows uterus exposed to different periovulatory hormonal profiles. Follicular growth was pharmacologically manipulated to generate two groups presenting large or small preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum (LF/CL and SF/CL respectively; n=11/group). Cyclic, non-lactating Nelore cows received two injections of cloprostenol (PGF2α 0.5mg; i.m.) 14 days apart. Ten days later (D-10), cows received a P4-releasing device along with estradiol benzoate (2mg; i.m.). To modulate the growth of the preovulatory follicles, on D-10, animals received PGF2α (LF/CL) or not (SF/CL). The P4-releasing devices were removed and PGF2α injected 60 to 42 hours before the ovulation induction in the LF/CL group and 48 to 30 hours before the ovulation induction in the SF/CL group. Ovulation was induced with buserelin (GnRH; 10µg; i.m.) on D0. Plasma was obtained for measurement of estradiol concentrations from D-2 to D0 and from D0 to D7 for progesterone measurements. On D7, the animals that ovulated in response to GnRH were slaughtered and uterus flushing and endometrium were collected. Differences between group means were determined by students t test. Animals from LF/CL group presented larger preovulatory follicles, corpus luteum, estradiol and progesterone levels when compared to animals from SF/CL group (P<0.1). The quantification of the transcripts was performed by qPCR. PTGES, AKR1C3, AKR1C4, CBR1, PTGIS and ALOX12 were more abundant and PLA2G10 was less expressed in the endometrium from animals from LF/CL when compared to SF/CL (P<0.10). Metabolites concentration was measured by mass spectrometry in endometrial tissue (pg/g) and uterine flushings (ng/mL). The metabolite 9-HETE was more abundant on uterine flushings from animals with SF/CL (P<0.05). Different concentrations of estradiol (proestrous) and progesterone (beginning of diestrous) modulated the expression of genes related to eicosanoids synthesis, but it did not affect eicosanoids levels in the endometrium and uterine flushing in beef cattle on day 7 of the estrous cycle.

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Conceição, Juliana Costa da. "Dinâmica ovariana e concentrações plasmática de progesterona durante o ciclo estral de jumenta (Equus asimus) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98270.

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Orientador : Cezinande de Meira
Resumo: A atividade folicular ovariana foi estudada utilizando-se a ultra-sonografia e a concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) ao longo de 10 ciclos estrais em jumentas da raça Marchador Brasileira. Diariamente exames ultra-sonográfico foram realizados e os dados compilados foram estudados retrospectivamente, baseando-se na identificação diária de cada folículo. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas diariamente a partir da ovulação (D0) até a ovulação subseqüente. Os folículos com diâmetros 11 mm foram mensurados e o diâmetro médio foi registrado diariamente em um mapa representativo dos ovários realizando uma análise retrospectiva dos dados, permitindo a construção da dinâmica de crescimento folicular. Uma e duas ondas foliculares maiores foram detectadas em seis (60%) e quatro (40%) dos dez ciclos estrais estudados, respectivamente. A emergência da onda primária e divergência folicular para ciclos com uma onda maior foram 10,2±0,75 e 14±0,81 e para os ciclos com duas ondas maiores 9±2 e 14,0±1,15 dias pós-ovulação. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante nos ciclos com uma e duas ondas foliculares foram 37,2±3,35 mm e 37,3±1,1mm, respectivamente. A duração média do intervalo interovulatório foi de 23±1,79 e 22,3±1,26 dias nos ciclos com uma ou duas ondas maiores. O diâmetro máximo do folículo dominante foi ligeiramente menor nos casos de ovulações duplas, em comparação às ovulações únicas (p>0,05). Os corpos lúteos formados a partir de ovulações simples ou duplas apresentaram diâmetro de 26,2 4,4 e 22,12,7mm, respectivamente, representando 66,1% e 64,1% do tamanho do folículo pré-ovulatório. A presença de dois corpos lúteos nos ovários das jumentas que apresentaram ovulações duplas, não refletiu em aumento significativo da concentração de progesterona.
Abstract: The ovarian activity was accessed by ultrasound and progesterone plasma concentrations (P4) throughout 10 estrous cycles from Jennies (Marchador Brasileira). Daily ultrasound examinations were performed and the dada was retrospectively studied based on daily identification of each follicle detected. Blood samples were collected every 24 hours from ovulation (D0) until the next identified ovulation. The follicles measuring 11mm were detected and their mean diameter was registered daily using an ovarian map and permitting a retrospective evaluation of the dada, which represented the follicular growth dynamics. One and two major follicular waves were detected in six (60%) and four ( 40%) cycles respectively from ten estrous cycles in the present study. The primary wave emergency and follicle deviation from the cycles observed during the present study with one major follicular wave occurred at day 10.2  0.75 and at day14.1  0.81 and for cycles with two major waves, those events occurred at 9  2 and 14.0  1.15 days after ovulation. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle at the cycles with one and two follicular waves were 37.2  3.35 mm and 37.3  1.1 respectively. The mean intervals from two ovulations were 23  1.79 and 22.3  1.26 days when observed in cycles with one and two major follicular waves. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicle was slightly smaller when double ovulations were observed if compared with the single ovulations (p>0.05). The corpora lutea formed from single ovulations or double ovulations presented a mean diameter of 26.2  4.4 and 22.1  2.7 mm, respectively, which represented 66.1% and 64.1% of the preovulatory follicle diameter. The presence of two Cls from double ovulations was not reflected by a significant increase on progesterone concentrations.
Mestre

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15

Peres, Rogério Fonseca Guimarães 1983. "Efeito da concentração pré e pós-ovulatória de progesterona em protocolos de IATF em fêmeas nelore /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96640.

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Abstract:

Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos
Banca: Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
Banca: Ciro Moraes Barros
Resumo: O objetivo desses experimentos foi avaliar os efeitos da concentração de progesterona pré e pós-ovulação em fêmeas Nelore submetidas ao protocolo: D0-benzoato de estradiol (2,0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9-retirada do dispositivo + cipionato de estradiol (0,5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamina (PGF2α, 12,5mg, Lutalyse®); D11- IATF. No Exp.1, 1.153 novilhas Nelore cíclicas foram divididas aleatoriamente para receber CIDR® sem utilização prévia ou utilizados previamente por 18 dias e 0, 200 ou 300UI de eCG (Folligon®) no D9. No Exp.2, 702 vacas Nelore solteiras foram divididas para receber aplicação de PGF2α no D7 ou D9 e 0 ou 300 UI de eCG no D9. Nestes experimentos o diâmetro do maior folículo (ØFD) foi avaliado no D11. Amostras de sangue para dosagem de P4 foram colhidas no D9 e D18 (7d pós-IATF). No Exp.3, 1.332 vacas paridas foram avaliadas no D7 quanto à presença de CL, sendo divididas para receber PGF2α no D7 ou D9. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas no D9. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D41. Variáveis contínuas foram avaliadas pelo PROC GLM e binomiais pelo PROC LOGISTIC. Considerou-se efeito significativo quando P<0,05 e tendência quando P<0,1. No Exp.1, as novilhas tratadas com CIDR® sem utilização prévia apresentaram maior [P4D9] (3,06±0,09 vs. 2,53±0,09 ng/ml). A [P4D9] afetou negativamente o ØFD. Novilhas que não receberam eCG apresentaram menor ØFD (0UI: 11,5±0,1a; 200UI: 11,9±0,1b; 300UI: 12,0±0,1bmm). O ØFD afetou positivamente a [P4D18]. Houve efeito de dose de eCG na [P4D18] (0UI: 2,77±0,11a; 200UI: 3,18±0,11b; 300UI: 4,87±0,11cng/ml) e na taxa de sincronização [TS; 0UI: 83,8%(337/402)a; 200UI:88,5%(339/383)ab; 300UI: 94,3%(347/368)b]. A [P4D9] tendeu a afetar negativamente e o ØFD influenciou positivamente a TS. Houve interação entre eCG e [P4D9] na taxa de...
Abstract: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of pre- and post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in Nellore cattle treated with the protocol: D0-estradiol benzoate (2.0mg, Estrogin®) + CIDR®; D9-CIDR® withdrawal + of estradiol cypionate (0.5mg, ECP®) + dinoprost trometamine (12.5mg, Lutalyse®); D11-TAI. In Exp.1, 1,153 cycling Nellore heifers were randomly assigned to receive on D0 either a non-previously used or a 18d-previously CIDR® and 0, 200UI or 300UI of eCG (Folligon®) on D9. In Exp.2, 702 non-lactating Nellore cows were assigned to receive PGF2α treatment either on D7 or D9 and 0 or 300 IU of eCG on D9. On these experiments, the diameter of the largest follicle (ØFD) was measured on D11. Blood samples were collected on D9 and D18 (seven days after TAI) to evaluate serum progesterone concentrations. In Exp.3, 1,332 suckled Nellore cows were evaluated on D7 for luteal tissue presence. Cows were assigned to receive PGF2α either on D7 or D9. Blood samples were collected on D9. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on D41. Continuous variables were evaluated by PROC GLM and binary by PROC LOGISTIC. Significant differences were considered when P<0.05 and tendencies when P<0.1. In Exp.1, heifers treated with non-previously used CIDR® had greater [P4D9] (3.06±0.09 vs. 2.53±0.09 ng/ml). The [P4D9] negatively affected the ØFD. There was effect of eCG dosage on ØFD (0IU: 11.5±0.1a; 200IU: 11.9±0.1b; 300IU: 12.0±0.1bmm). The ØFD positively affected the [P4D18]. The eCG dosage influenced the [P4D18] (0UI: 2.77±0.11a; 200UI: 3.18±0.11b; 300UI: 4.87±0.11cng/ml). Treatment with eCG affected synchronization rate [SR; 0IU: 83.8% (337/402)a; 200IU: 88.5% (339/383)ab; 300IU: 94.3% (347/368)b]. The [P4D9] tended to negatively affect, and the ØFD positively affected the SR. There was interaction between eCG and [P4D9] on conception...
Mestre

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16

Satterfield, Michael Carey. "Evaluation of the effect of progesterone CIDR Devices on circulating levels of progesterone in cyclic ewes." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1552.

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A homogeneous group of thirty-one crossbred ewes was used to determine the effect of administering a progesterone Controlled Intravaginal Drug Releasing Device (CIDR) on circulating levels of progesterone in the subsequent cycle following CIDR removal. Circulating progesterone levels were determined for each ewe through daily blood collection via jugular venipuncture. Each ewe underwent a pretreatment 25 day sampling period (Period 1), a 12 day treatment period characterized by the presence of the CIDR (Period 2), and another 25 day sampling period following CIDR removal (Period 3). During the initial period of the study, progesterone levels in peripheral circulation changed (P < 0.0001, effect of day) in accordance with stage of the estrous cycle and were elevated during the luteal phase. In the second period of the study, progesterone levels were elevated (P < 0.0001) in ewes due to exogenous progesterone from the CIDR device (Period 1 versus Period 2: 1.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml versus 2.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml, respectively). After withdrawal of the CIDR in the third period of the study, circulating progesterone levels were not (P > 0.10) different from those observed in the initial period of the study (Period 1 versus Period 3: 1.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml versus 1.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml, respectively). Data collected in this study revealed that treatment with exogenous progesterone via CIDR for a 12- day treatment period does not influence circulating levels of progesterone in subsequent estrous cycles.

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17

Xu, Yiqun. "Effects of ovariectomy and of exogenous progesterone on placental production of progesterone in the pregnant ewe." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1987. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26009.

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In viviparous species pregnancy and its successful termination is dependent upon a critical interplay between hormones produced by the ovary, maternal pituitary, uterus, foetus and its associated membranes. In general, it is the foetus which keeps the mother pregnant and it is the foetus which is primarily responsible for initiating the processes necessary for parturition. Sheep, because of their availability and relative cheapness, have been widely used in research into reproductive biology. Much more is known of the hormone status during pregnancy and parturition in the ewe than in the females of other farm animals.

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Hornbostel, Carolin. "Der Einfluss von Glukokortikoiden und Progesteron auf den epithelialen Natriumtransport." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-205893.

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Der epitheliale Natriumtransport in der postnatalen Lunge ist für einen ausgeglichenen Flüssigkeitstransport und eine gesunde Lungenfunktion unabdingbar. Eine bedeutende Rolle spielt hierbei der epitheliale Natriumkanal (ENaC). Es ist bereits bekannt, dass unter dem Einfluss von weiblichen Sexualhormonen, wie Progesteron, oder durch die Substitution von Glukokortikoiden, wie Dexamethason, die mRNA-Expression des ENaC und dessen elektrophysiologische Aktivität erhöht wird. Zur Lungenreifeinduktion werden bei Frühgeburtlichkeitsbestrebungen hohe Dosen von Glukokortikoiden verabreicht, die im fetalen Kreislauf auf hohe Progesteronkonzentrationen treffen. Die Auswirkung dieser Hormonkombination auf den epithelialen Natriumtransport ist bisher unbekannt. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurden alveoläre Epithelzellen von Rattenfeten auf permeablen Membranen gezüchtet und mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von Progesteron und Dexamethason inkubiert. Anschließend wurde die mRNA-Expression der drei Untereinheiten des ENaC (α, β, γ) mittels Real-Time PCR analysiert. Mit Hilfe von Ussing-Kammer Messungen wurden die Einflüsse auf den epithelialen Natriumtransport ermittelt. Durch die Experimente konnte der stimulierende Einfluss beider Hormone auf die mRNA-Expression bestätigt werden, wobei Dexamethason einen deutlich stärkeren Effekt erreichte. Durch die Kombination beider Hormone kam es zu einer signifikant geringeren mRNA-Expression und einem verminderten funktionellen Natriumtransport im Vergleich zur reinen Dexamethasoninkubation. Der Einsatz von Hormonrezeptor-Antagonisten zeigte, dass eine Blockierung des Progesteronrezeptors die mRNA-Expression erhöhte, wohingegen die Hemmung des Glukokortikoidrezeptors die mRNA-Expression der ENaCUntereinheiten verminderte. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Glukokortikoide und weibliche Geschlechtshormone, die einzeln zur Erhöhung der Natriumabsorption führen, durch die Kombination beider Hormone ihren Einfluss auf den Natriumtransport reduzieren.

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19

Wong, Raymond. "Progesterone as a neuroprotectant in stroke." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13730/.

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Progesterone has been shown to be neuroprotective in a number of central nervous system injury models, including cerebral ischaemia. There is still a lack of understanding behind progesterone’s neuropotective properties, and the purpose of this project is to clarify some of these issues. Osmotic mini-pump infusion was hypothesised to more effective in delivering progesterone to the target organ of the brain, when compared to a bolus intraperitoneal injection. Progesterone pharmacokinetic profiles were compared between different dosing regimes. Intraperitoneal progesterone injection had a short half-life in both plasma and brain, while osmotic mini-pumps delivered higher concentrations of progesterone in plasma and particularly in brain, over a longer period, which supports the hypothesis. It was hypothesised that progesterone will reduce NO production and cell death in in vitro. Progesterone reduced nitric oxide production after challenging microglia with LPS, which supports our hypothesis and the nuclear progesterone receptor was found not to have a major role in nitric oxide attenuation. Neither of the microglial cell lines, BV-2 and HAPI cells produced elevations in NO formation in ischaemic conditions. The in vitro oxygen and glucose deprived model of ischaemia, reduced viability in both microglial and neuronal cells. Also, high pharmacological concentrations of progesterone exacerbated ischaemic injury, which does not support the hypothesis of progesterone in reducing cell death. Progesterone administration, via osmotic mini-pump infusion, was hypothesised to have a better outcome compared to vehicle treatment. After the onset of experimental stroke, progesterone delivery via osmotic mini-pump with loading dose was found to be beneficial in terms of neurological deficit score in adult male mice, which supports the hypothesis. Also, we hypothesise that co-morbidity can affect the efficacy of progesterone treatment in outcomes. Aged animals have an increased sensitivity to experimentally induce stroke and did not display, in the outcomes measured, any benefit from progesterone treatment. NOD/ShiLtJ mice had severe symptoms, resulting in high mortality after surgery and are not recommended as a model of diabetes for experimental stroke. Hypertensive BPH/2 mice are a potential hypertensive model and had better functional outcomes after treatment with intraperitoneally administered progesterone, compared to non-treated hypertensive animals in our small preliminary study. This supports our hypothesis that co-morbidity can affect the efficacy of progesterone treatment in outcomes. The gold-standard for assessing intervention effects across studies within and between subgroups is to use meta-analysis based on individual animal data. We hypothesise meta-analysis would reveal progesterone to reduce lesion volume, but also discover other effects in different subgroups of animals. Progesterone significantly reduced lesion volume, it also appeared to increase the incidence of death following experimental stroke. Furthermore, this negative effect appears to be particularly apparent in young ovariectomised female animals. These findings support the hypothesis that progesterone reduces lesion volume and progesterone having other effects in different subgroups. This investigation has clarified some issues and expanded our understanding on the neuroprotective properties of progesterone. However, these findings indicate further investigation is still required before progesterone can be considered for use in clinical trials as a neuroprotectant in stroke.

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Dunn, C. L. "Progesterone control of human endometrial cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.649808.

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The present study has explored the factors involved in decidualisation using primary human ESC cultures. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q RT-PCR) and Enzyme-linked Immunoabsorbant Assays (ELISA) have been used to investigate effective in vitro stimuli of decidualisation. A combination of treatment with a progestin and either 8-Bromo cAMP or PGE₂ was capable of stimulating decidualisation in ESC cultures as determined by increases in two markers of this process, prolactin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). Further analysis has revealed the changes taking place within the PGE₂pathway in decidualising ESCs, including an upregulation in the EP₂ prostaglandin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) upon treatment with 8-Bromo cAMP plus a progestin. The results presented here have demonstrated a rise in IL-15 mRNA levels in parallel with in vitro decidualisation. It appears that both progesterone and the intracellular messenger, cAMP, are involved in decidualisation and IL-15 expression. IL-15 secretion from the cells is shown to be IFN-γ dependent. The expression of IL-15 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA across the menstrual cycle has been established. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine IL-15 expression during stimulated early pregnancy compared with normal luteal controls and has shown that secretions of the CL, including progesterone and/or relaxin, have the ability to increase IL-15 expression in vivo. Primary cultures of human uNK and peripheral blood NK cells have been used for studying the T helper 2-type cytokine IL-10 which is believed important for the support for early pregnancy. In response to PGE₂ treatment, uNK cells expressed and secreted raised levels of IL-10, an anti-informmatory cytokine. Further investigation into the interactions between the convergence of the cAMP and progesterone intracellular pathways and their receptors would be important in clarifying the exact mechanisms controlling ESC decidualisation and IL-15 regulation. The interactions between ESCs and uNK cells need to be clarified further to assess the roles uNK cells in reproductive processes.

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21

Yu, Yue. "The progesterone receptors in human prostate." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46509.

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The prostate composes of epithelium and stroma, both of which are kept in balance to maintain normal prostate function. The balance between epithelium and stroma can be disrupted by the abnormal growth of stromal cells which results in prostate diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. The epithelial-stromal interaction plays important roles not only in normal prostate homeostasis maintaining but also in prostate cancer development and progression. In prostate tumor, cancer associated fibroblasts enhance the secretions of cytokines and growth factors to favor cancer cells growth and metastasis. Androgen receptors are reported to regulate the development and maintenance the function of prostate. Progesterone receptor (PR) which belongs to the same steroid hormone receptor family as androgen receptors are little known in prostate. PR was reported to express in prostate, but there is no clear conclusion about the localization and function of PR in human prostate. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the expression and function of PR in human prostate. Two PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, are detected in subsets of the human prostate stromal cells by applying immunohistochemistry assays. Both PR isoforms express specifically in human prostate stromal fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Both PRA and PRB are demonstrated to play an inhibitory role in prostate stromal cell proliferation. PR suppresses the expression of cyclin A, cyclinB and cdc25c to delay cell cycle. PRA and PRB are demonstrated to regulate different transcriptomes by gene microarray assay. Immunohistochemistry assays were applied to human prostate cancer tissue biopsies, and PR levels are detected to decrease in the cancer associated stroma compared to the paired normal stroma. The conditioned media from PR positive stromal cell inhibit PC-3 and C4-2B cell motility through down-regulating the secretion of stromal cell derived factor 1 and interleukin 6. We conclude that PRA and PRB express in prostate stromal cells and inhibit the stromal cells proliferation. Decreased expression of PR in cancer associated stroma contributes to prostate tumor progression.

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22

Pereira, Marcos Henrique Colombo [UNESP]. "The manipulation of progesterone profiles during progesterone + estradiol timed ai protocols in dairy cattle: effects on fertility." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132933.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Study 01- Our hypothesis was that fertility could be increased in a timed AI (TAI) protocol based on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) by combining GnRH with E2-benzoate at the start of the protocol to increase circulating P4 concentration during preovulatory follicle development and by using two prostaglandin (PGF) treatments at the end to decrease circulating P4 concentration near TAI. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,808) were randomly assigned during the cool or hot seasons of the year to receive TAI (d0) following one of three treatments: I. Control: CIDR + 2 mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate on d -2, and TAI on d 0; II. 2PGF: Identical to Control protocol with addition of a second PGF treatment on d -2; III. GnRH: Identical to 2PGF protocol with addition of 100 μg GnRH treatment on d -11. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. The GnRH protocol increased percentage of cows with CL (Control = 56.9%; 2PGF = 55.8%; GnRH = 70.5%) and circulating P4 concentration at PGF (Control = 3.28 ± 0.22; 2PGF = 3.35 ± 0.22; GnRH = 3.70 ± 0.21 ng/mL), compared to Control and 2PGF protocols. The positive effects of GnRH treatment on P/AI were only detected during the cool season (GnRH = 50.9%; 2PGF = 44.2%; Control = 41.0%) and not during the hot season. In addition, the effect of GnRH was only observed in cows with low circulating P4 concentration (<3ng/mL) at the start of the protocol and not in cows that began the protocol with high P4. Further, there was an interaction for presence of CL at PGF with follicle diameter such that cows with a CL at PGF had greater P/AI if they ovulated larger rather than smaller follicles near TAI.Season had major effects on many reproductive measures with cool season greater than hot season in percentage of cows with CL at PGF (62.9 vs. 56.2%), ovulatory follicle diameter (15.7 vs. 14.8 mm), expression of estrus (86.7 vs. 79.9%), ovulation following the protocol (89.7 vs. 84.3%), and pregnancies per AI (P/AI; 45.4 vs. 21.4%). Thus, fertility to TAI can be improved by inducing ovulation at the 27 beginning of an E2/P4-based protocol using GnRH treatment, particularly during the cool season of the year and in cows with low P4 at the start of the protocol. Study 02- We hypothesized that the 2 CIDR protocol would have similar results on circulating P4 concentration at PGF, ovulation to ECP, P/AI, and pregnancy losses. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,638) were randomly assigned to receive TAI (d0) following one of two treatments: (I. GnRH treatment) CIDR+ 2 mg of E2-benzoate + 100 μg GnRH on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate + PGF on d -2, and TAI on d 0; (II. 2CIDR treatment) Two CIDR + 2mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, one CIDR withdraw + PGF on d -4, second CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate + PGF on d -2, and TAI on d 0. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. There was no effect of treatments (P > 0.10) on fertility regardless of cow temperature, BCS, parity, milk yield and presence or absence of a CL on d -11 or d -4. Some physiological measurements associated with greater fertility were reduced in cows with elevated temperature (≥ 39.1ºC) as percentage of cows with CL at PGF decreased 5.4%, ovulatory follicle diameter decreased 0.51 mm, expression of estrus decreased 4.7%, and ovulation to the ECP decreased 2.5% compared to cows with reduced temperature (< 39.0ºC), with result in 13.4% decrease (P < 0.01) in P/AI and tended to increase (P = 0.09) the pregnancy loss between 32 and 60d. There were more (P < 0.01 ) cows with a CL at PGF in the GnRH (< 39.0ºC = 78.1% [314/402]; ≥ 39.1ºC = 70.9% [256/361]) protocol than in 2CIDR protocol (< 39.0ºC = 58.8% [244/415]; ≥ 39.1ºC = 54.6% [190/348], however, circulating P4 concentration was greater (P = 0.05) at the time of PGF treatment (d -4) for cows treated 2CIDR (< 39.0ºC = 4.34 ± 0.13; ≥ 39.1ºC = 4.17 ± 0.14 ng/mL) than GnRH (< 39.0ºC = 4.12 ± 0.14; ≥ 39.1ºC = 3.84 ± 0.14 ng/mL), independent of cow temperature. The result of this study shows that the protocols have similar results on circulating P4 concentration at PGF, ovulation to ECP and P/AI.
FAPESP: 2012/19059-2

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23

Pereira, Marcos Henrique Colombo 1986. "The manipulation of progesterone profiles during progesterone + estradiol timed ai protocols in dairy cattle : effects on fertility /." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132933.

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Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos
Banca: Lindsay Unno Gimenes
Banca: Ocilon Gomes de Sá Filho
Banca: Ricardo Maria dos Santos
Banca: Ky Pohler
Abstract: Study 01- Our hypothesis was that fertility could be increased in a timed AI (TAI) protocol based on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) by combining GnRH with E2-benzoate at the start of the protocol to increase circulating P4 concentration during preovulatory follicle development and by using two prostaglandin (PGF) treatments at the end to decrease circulating P4 concentration near TAI. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,808) were randomly assigned during the cool or hot seasons of the year to receive TAI (d0) following one of three treatments: I. Control: CIDR + 2 mg of E2-benzoate on d -11, PGF on d -4, CIDR withdrawal + 1.0 mg of E2-cypionate on d -2, and TAI on d 0; II. 2PGF: Identical to Control protocol with addition of a second PGF treatment on d -2; III. GnRH: Identical to 2PGF protocol with addition of 100 μg GnRH treatment on d -11. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed d32 and d60 after TAI. The GnRH protocol increased percentage of cows with CL (Control = 56.9%; 2PGF = 55.8%; GnRH = 70.5%) and circulating P4 concentration at PGF (Control = 3.28 ± 0.22; 2PGF = 3.35 ± 0.22; GnRH = 3.70 ± 0.21 ng/mL), compared to Control and 2PGF protocols. The positive effects of GnRH treatment on P/AI were only detected during the cool season (GnRH = 50.9%; 2PGF = 44.2%; Control = 41.0%) and not during the hot season. In addition, the effect of GnRH was only observed in cows with low circulating P4 concentration (<3ng/mL) at the start of the protocol and not in cows that began the protocol with high P4. Further, there was an interaction for presence of CL at PGF with follicle diameter such that cows with a CL at PGF had greater P/AI if they ovulated larger rather than smaller follicles near TAI.Season had major effects on many reproductive measures with cool season greater than hot season in percentage of cows with CL at PGF (62.9 vs. 56.2%), ovulatory follicle diameter (15.7 vs. 14.8 mm), expression of ...
Doutor

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24

ROSSINI, ELISA. "ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL CELL MODELS OF HUMAN ADRENOCORTICAL CANCER: INTERACTION BETWEEN TAMOXIFENE AND PROGESTERONE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/544085.

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ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL CELL MODELS OF HUMAN ADRENOCORTICAL CANCER: INTERACTION BETWEEN TAMOXIFENE AND PROGESTERONE
ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL CELL MODELS OF HUMAN ADRENOCORTICAL CANCER: INTERACTION BETWEEN TAMOXIFENE AND PROGESTERONE

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25

Pinheiro, Vinícius Gonçalves [UNESP]. "Taxas de prenhez em vacas nelore, em pós-parto recente, tratadas com protocolos hormonais à base de progesterona associados ou não a remoção temporária de bezerros(RTB) e ou eCG." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91663.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Existem relatos na literatura que tanto a remoção temporária de bezerro (RTB) como a administração de eCG podem aumentar a eficiência (taxa e prenhez) de tratamentos hormonais com progesterona/progestágenos, em vacas em anestro pós-parto. No presente trabalho a associação de RTB e/ou a aplicação de eCG foram testadas simultaneamente em protocolos hormonais com progesterona, comumente utilizado para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) de vacas no período pós-parto. Os protocolos hormonais foram testados em 3 propriedades, em vacas Nelore lactantes (40 a 80d pós-parto, n = 443), com escore de condição corporal de 2,5 a 3,0 (escala de 1 a 5). Em estágio aleatório do ciclo estral (D0), os animais do grupo PEPE (Progesterona-Estrógeno- Prostaglandina-Estrógeno) receberam dispositivo intravaginal contendo progesterona (1,0 g, DIB®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) e 2,5 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE, via IM, Estrogin®, Farmavet, São Paulo, Brazil). Oito dias mais tarde (D8) administrou-se PGF2 (150 μg de d-cloprostenol, via IM, Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), e o DIB foi removido. Vinte e quatro horas após a remoção do DIB, as vacas foram tratadas com BE (1,0 mg, IM) e 30 a 36 h mais tarde todos os animais receberam IATF, sem observação do cio. As vacas foram divididas ao acaso em 4 Grupos: PEPE, PEPE/RTB, PEPE/eCG e PEPE/RTB/eCG. No grupo PEPE/RTB, além do tratamento descrito acima (PEPE) os bezerros foram retirados das vacas por 54 – 60 h consecutivas (a partir da retirada do DIB até a IATF). No Grupo PEPE/eCG, os animais receberam o mesmo tratamento do grupo PEPE associado a uma aplicação de eCG (300 UI, via IM, Novormon®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) no momento da administração da PGF2 (D8). No Grupo PEPE/RTB/eCG, os animais foram tratados de acordo com o protocolo PEPE/RTB associado a aplicação de eCG (300 UI) no D8...
Reports indicate that either TCR or eCG administration can increase the efficiency (pregnancy rate) of hormonal treatments with progestins during postpartum anestrus. This experiment evaluated effects of TCR and/or eCG administration in a protocol with progesterone that is frequently used for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in cows during postpartum anestrus. The protocols were tested at three farms in lactating Nelore cows (40 to 80 d postpartum, n = 443) with body condition scores from 2.5 to 3.0 (0- to 5- point scale). At random stage of the estrous cycle (D0), animals received a basic PEPE (Progesterone-Estrogen-Prostaglandin-Estrogen) protocol with insertion of an intravaginal device with progesterone (1.0 g, DIB®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and injection of 2.5 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB, i.m., Estrogin®, Farmavet, São Paulo, Brazil). Eight days later (D8) cows were treated with PGF2; (150 μg d-cloprostenol, i.m., Prolise®, ARSA S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina), and DIB was removed. Twenty four hours after DIB removal, cows received EB (1.0 mg, i.m), and 30 to 36 h later all animals received FTAI, without estrus detection. Cows were allocated randomly to 4 Groups: PEPE, PEPE/TCR, PEPE/eCG and PEPE/TCR/eCG. In Group PEPE/TCR, calves were removed temporarily for 54 – 60 h (from DIB removal until FTAI). In Group PEPE/eCG, animals received PEPE treatment plus one dose of eCG (300 IU, i.m., Novormon®, Sintex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) following PGF2 administration (D8). In Group PEPE/TCR/eCG, animals were treated as in protocol PEPE/TCR plus eCG on D8. All animals were examined by ultrasonography (Aloka SSD 500, 7.5 MHZ probe) 10 days before and at the beginning... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Claro, Junior Izaias [UNESP]. "Desempenho reprodutivo de novilhas Nelore pré-púberes expostas à progesterona." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96657.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo desse experimento foi avaliar o efeito de tratamentos com progesterona (P4) na indução de estro, concepção e prenhez em novilhas Nelore prépuberes. Novilhas Nelore (n = 935) com idade média de 24,0 ± 1,13 meses, peso de 298,0 ± 1,89 Kg e ECC 3,2 ± 0,26, foram submetidas a dois exames ultrassonográficos com intervalo de sete dias (d-19 e d-12) para determinar a presença ou ausência de CL, e aquelas com presença de CL em uma ou ambas avaliações foram consideradas púberes (Grupo PGF; n = 346). No dia -12 as novilhas consideradas pré-púberes foram divididas aleatoriamente para não receberem tratamento (Grupo CIDR0; n = 113), para receberem um dispositivo intravaginal novo contendo 1,9 g de P4 (Grupo CIDR1; n = 237), ou para receberem um dispositivo utilizado previamente por 27 dias (Grupo CIDR4; n = 239). No dia zero foi retirado o CIDR das novilhas dos tratamentos CIDR1 e CIDR4, e as novilhas do tratamento PGF receberam aplicação de prostaglandina F2 . Todas as novilhas foram submetidas à palpação retal para avaliação do escore uterino (EU) e amostras de sangue foram colhidas para dosagens de P4. O diâmetro do maior folículo (ØFOL) foi mensurado em todas as novilhas no dia zero. A partir do dia um (d1) todas as novilhas foram submetidas à observação de estro durante 45 dias e inseminadas seguindo o esquema: cio manhã / IA tarde do mesmo dia e cio tarde / IA no dia seguinte de manhã e depois foram expostas a touros por mais 45 dias de estação de monta (EM). As variáveis contínuas foram avaliadas pelo PROC GLM e as binomiais pelo PROC LOGISTIC do SAS. Nas novilhas prépúberes, houve influência (P < 0,05) do tratamento nas concentrações de P4 no dia 0 (CIDR0: 0,43 ± 0,16; CIDR1: 2,26 ± 0,11; CIDR4: 1,22 ± 0,11 ng/ml), ØFOL (CIDR0: 9,41 ± 0,24; CIDR1: 9,73 ± 0,17; CIDR4: 11,37 ± 0,16 mm), EU no dia...
The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effects of treatments with progesterone (P4) on the rates of induced estrus, conception and pregnancy in pre-pubertal Nelore heifers. Nelore heifers (n = 935) with 24.0 ± 1.13 months, body weight of 298.0 ± 1.89 Kg and body conditional score (BCS) of 3.2 ± 0.26 were submitted to two ultrasound examinations 7 d apart (d -19 and -12) to determine the presence or absence of CL, and those with presence of CL in at least one examination were considered pubertal (PGF; n = 346). On d -12, the pre-pubertal heifers were randomly assigned to receive no treatments (group CIDR0; n = 113), a new intravaginal insert containing 1.9 g of P4 (group CIDR1; n = 237) or a P4 insert used previously for 27 d (group CIDR4; n = 239). On d 0, heifers from treatments CIDR1 and CIDR4 had inserts removed, and heifers from treatment PGF received a prostaglandin F2 treatment. Also, heifers were rectally palpated for uterine score (US) evaluation, blood samples were taken for P4 analysis and follicular diameter (ØFOL) was measured in all heifers on d 0. Beginning on d 1, animals were observed for estrus and inseminated during 45 d [estrus morning / artificial insemination (AI) afternoon of same day and estrus afternoon / AI on next day morning] and further exposed to natural breeding from d 46 to 90 of breeding season (BS). Continuous variables were evaluated by PROC GLM and binomial variables by PROC LOGISTIC of SAS. In pre-pubertal heifers, there were effects of treatment (P < 0.05) on serum concentrations of P4 at d 0 (CIDR0: 0.43 ± 0.16; CIDR1: 2.26 ± 0.11; CIDR4: 1.22 ± 0.11 ng/mL), ØFOL (CIDR0: 9.41 ± 0.24; CIDR1: 9.73 ± 0.17; CIDR4: 11.37 ± 0.16 mm), US at d 0 (CIDR0: 1.46 ± 0.06; CIDR1: 1.86 ± 0.04; CIDR4: 2.20 ± 0.04), means days to show estrus (CIDR0: 4.45 ± 0.28; CIDR1: 3.52 ± 0.13; CIDR4: 3.19 ± 0.14 days), estrus detection rate in 7 d of BS... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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DUTRA, Gabriel Almeida. "Indu??o da ovula??o em ?guas durante o per?odo de transi??o primaveril." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1972.

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The anticipation of the breeding season has been the subject of great interest in front of their economic impact. In order to advance the first ovulation and anticipate the reproductive phase of the mares, this study aimed to evaluate if the transvaginal follicle aspiration technique guided by ultrasound during spring transition period, was able to induce cyclicity in mares. The experiment was conducted in Animal Reproduction area of DRAA / IZ / UFRRJ, located at Serop?dica-Rj, during spring transition period (August-September) and early reproductive period (October) 2015. Selected mares were randomly distributed into three groups: Group 1 Control (G1, n = 9), without hormonal treatment; Group 2 P4 + PGF2? (G2, n = 9), 1500 mg of long-acting progesterone, intramuscularly (IM), and seven days later, 7.5 mg Dinoprost (PGF2?), IM and Group 3 transvaginal follicular aspiration + PGF2? (G3, n = 9), greater follicle aspirated (>25mm) and seven days later, 7.5 mg Dinoprost (PGF2?), IM. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, all mares were evaluated by ultrasonography, and the criteria for the study was absence of corpora lutea as well as the presence of ovarian follicles larger than 25 mm. Subsequent to this evaluation, the reproductive activity was monitored every 48 hours until the second ovulation of each mare. When evaluated the number of mares ovulating within 16 days after initiation of treatment, it was observed that the groups G2 and G3 were significantly more effective (P = 0.0031) in the first ovulation of the breeding season, when compared to G1. In G1, 16 days after the start of treatment, no animal ovulated. In G2 and G3 eigh (88.9%) and six (66.7%) mares ovulated respectively. The mares were evaluated until the second subsequent ovulation treatment. All mares ovulated normally, showing that none of them returned to the transitional period and the average number of days between the first and second ovulation did not differ between the groups (P> 0.05). The results of this study allow us to conclude that follicular aspiration technique during spring transition period associated with the administration of 7.5 mg of PGF2? seven days later, was able to induce cyclicity in XI mares. This treatment was effective as the conventional protocol P4 + PGF2?, thus possible to use it in routine reproductive centers. However, more studies are needed to evaluate its effectiveness during the early spring transition period, as well as its association with ovulation inducers.
A antecipa??o da esta??o reprodutiva tem sido assunto de grande interesse frente ao seu impacto econ?mico. A fim de adiantar a primeira ovula??o e antecipar a fase reprodutiva das ?guas, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se a t?cnica de aspira??o folicular transvaginal guiada por ultrassom durante o per?odo de transi??o primaveril foi capaz de induzir a ciclicidade em ?guas. O experimento foi realizado na ?rea de Reprodu??o Animal do DRAA/IZ/UFRRJ, localizado no munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ, durante o per?odo de transi??o primaveril (agosto-setembro) e in?cio do per?odo reprodutivo (outubro) de 2015. Foram selecionadas 27 ?guas da ra?a Mangalarga Marchador, entre 5-12 anos, pesando entre 350- 450 kg e com hist?rico de atividade reprodutiva normal. As ?guas selecionadas foram distribu?das aleatoriamente em tr?s grupos: Grupo 1- Controle (G1; n=9), sem tratamento hormonal; Grupo 2- P4 + PGF2? (G2; n=9), 1500mg de progesterona de longa a??o, por via intramuscular (IM), e sete dias ap?s, 7,5 mg de Dinoprost (PGF2?), IM e Grupo 3- Aspira??o folicular transvaginal + PGF2? (G3; n=9), maior fol?culo aspirado (>25mm) e sete dias ap?s, 7,5 mg de PGF2?, IM. Previamente ao in?cio do experimento, todas as ?guas foram avaliadas por meio da ultrassonografia, sendo crit?rio para o estudo a aus?ncia de corpo l?teo, bem como a presen?a de fol?culos ovarianos >25mm. Posteriormente a esta avalia??o, a atividade reprodutiva foi monitorada a cada 48 horas at? o momento da segunda ovula??o de cada ?gua. Quando avaliado o n?mero de ?guas que ovularam em at? 16 dias ap?s o in?cio do tratamento, observou-se que os grupos G2 e G3 foram mais eficientes (P=0,0031) em acelerar a primeira ovula??o da esta??o reprodutiva, quando comparados ao grupo G1. No grupo G1, ap?s 16 dias do in?cio do tratamento, nenhum animal ovulou. Nos grupos G2 e G3 oito (88,9%) e seis (66,7%) ?guas ovularam, respectivamente. Analisando o n?mero m?dio de dias a partir do tratamento at? a primeira ovula??o, os grupos tratados (G2 e G3) foram mais eficientes que o IX grupo controle na antecipa??o da primeira ovula??o (P<0,001). Em rela??o aos grupos tratados, n?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) entre eles. Foi poss?vel verificar que os grupos G2 e G3 apresentaram uma antecipa??o da primeira ovula??o em rela??o ao controle em m?dia de 12,2 e 8,9 dias, respectivamente. As ?guas foram acompanhadas at? a segunda ovula??o subsequente ao tratamento. Todas ovularam normalmente, demonstrando que nenhuma delas retornou ao per?odo de transi??o e que a m?dia de dias entre a primeira e a segunda ovula??o, n?o diferiu entre os grupos (P>0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo nos permitem concluir que a t?cnica de aspira??o folicular durante o per?odo de transi??o primaveril, associado ? administra??o de 7,5 mg de PGF2? sete dias mais tarde, foi capaz de induzir a ciclicidade em ?guas. Este tratamento mostrou-se t?o eficaz quanto o protocolo convencional de P4 + PGF2?, sendo vi?vel utiliza-lo na rotina de centros reprodutivos. No entanto, mais estudos s?o necess?rios a fim de avaliar sua efic?cia em fol?culos com di?metros menores no per?odo de transi??o primaveril, assim como sua associa??o aos indutores de ovula??o.

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Vieira, Fernanda Victor Rodrigues 1984. "Infusão intravenosa de glicose e balanço energético na expressão de enzimas hepáticas responsáveis pelo catabolismo de progesterona em bovinos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96632.

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Orientador: José Luiz Moraes Vasconcelos
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Banca: José Buratini Jr.
Resumo: O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da infusão intravenosa de glicose sobre as concentrações séricas de glicose, insulina, IGF-1, P4, expressão de RNAm de GHR1A e IGF-1, e expressão de RNAm das enzimas hepáticas CYP2C e CYP3A, responsáveis pelo catabolismo de P4 no fígado, em vacas leiteiras secas, ovariectomizadas e com dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (CIDR) em diferentes BE. Foram utilizadas 15 vacas mestiças Holandês/Gir ovariectomizadas e secas, aleatoriamente distribuídas em um de dois tratamentos nutricionais: 1) BEN (n=7) e 2) BEP (n=8). O grupo de vacas em BEP recebeu concentrado individualmente uma vez ao dia. Durante a fase de adaptação (d-28 ao d-15,5), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR de terceiro uso, sendo que após esta fase (d-14), cada vaca recebeu um CIDR novo. No d 0, as vacas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em crossover design contendo dois períodos de 24 horas cada (d 0 e d 1): 1) infusão intravenosa de glicose (0,5g/Kg de PV) ou 2) infusão intravenosa de salina (0,9% NaCl). Imediatamente após jejum de 12 horas, as infusões foram feitas em período de três horas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas às -12 (início do jeum), 0 (antes da infusão), 3 e 6 horas após início da infusão através da veia coccígea em tubos tipo vacutainer. As biopsias hepáticas foram feitas às 0 e 3 horas nos dias do tratamento (d 0 e d 1). Vacas em BEN perderam mais PV e ECC em relação às vacas em BEP (-23,15 vs. 16,5 kg ± 3,9; -0,200 vs. 0,075 unidades de ECC ± 0,062, respectivamente). Vacas recebendo infusão intravenosa de glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de glicose às 3 horas do início da infusão do que vacas recebendo salina. Vacas em BEN recebendo glicose tiveram maiores concentrações séricas de insulina do que vacas em BEP recebendo glicose às 3 horas pós-infusão... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous glucose infusion on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, IGF-1, progesterone (P4), mRNA expression of GHR1A, IGF-1, and mRNA expression of hepatic enzymes CYP 2C and CYP 3A responsible for the catabolism of P4 in the liver in dry cows, ovariectomized with intravaginal device P4 (CIDR) in different energy balances. Fifteen non-lactating, ovariectomized Gir × Holstein cows, and randomly assigned to: 1) negative nutrient balance (NB; n=7)) and 2) positive nutrient balance (PB; n=8). The group of cows in PB was supplemented individually once a day. For the adaptation phase (d-d-28 to 15, 5), each cow received a CIDR of the third use, and after the adaptation phase (d-14), each cow received a new CIDR. On d 0, cows within nutritional treatment were randomly assigned to receive, in a crossover design containing 2 periods of 24 h each (d0 and d1): 1) intravenous glucose infusion (0.5g/Kg of BW), or 2) intravenous saline infusion (0,9% NaCl). Immediately after fasting for 12 hours, infusions were made over a period of three hours. Blood samples were collected at -12 (beginning of fasting), 0 (before infusion), 3 and 6 hours after start of infusion via the coccygeal vein in vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant type. The liver biopsies were performed at 0 and 3 hours in the day of treatment (d 0 and d 1). NB cows lost more BW and BCS than PB cows (-23.15 vs. 16.5 kg ± 3.9, vs. -0.200. 0.075 ± 0.062 BCS units, respectively). Cows receiving intravenous infusion of glucose had higher serum concentrations of glucose to 3 hours for the start of infusion than cows receiving saline. NB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations of insulin than PB cows receiving glucose, however PB cows receiving glucose had higher serum concentrations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Korkmaz, Filiz. "Biophysical Studies Of Progesterone-model Membrane Interactions." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1116060/index.pdf.

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Interactions of progesterone with zwitterionic dipalmitoyl phosphotidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar liposomes (MLVs) were investigated as a function of temperature and progesterone concentration by using three non-invasive techniques of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, turbidity at 440 nm and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that 1mol% of progesterone does not induce a significant change in the shape of thermotropic profile of DPPC. However as progesterone concentration increases, the main transition temperature decreases and phase transition curve broadens. Higher concentrations (12, 18 and 24mol%) also decreased the transition temperature but not as significantly as lower concentrations. The characteristic pretransition of DPPC was completely disappeared upon the addition of progesterone. Progesterone disorders the phospholipid membranes in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, low concentrations of progesterone (3, 6 and 9mol%) increase the fluidity of the system but high concentrations (12, 18 and 24mol%) stabilize the membranes by decreasing the mobility of the acyl chains. The opposite effect of progesterone on membrane dynamics of low and high concentrations was also supported by turbidity studies at 440 nm. DSC peaks broaden and shift to lower temperature degrees with increasing concentrations up to 9mol% of progesterone. At 6 and 12mol% of progesterone, the curve contains more than one peak. This indicates the existence of phase separation. The pretransition of liposomes was eliminated for all samples containing progesterone. Analysis of C=O stretching bond in FTIR spectroscopy showed that progesterone does not make any hydrogen bonds with the interfacial region of DPPC liposomes, instead it induces free carbonyl groups in the system. Ester groups were found to be disordered by the addition of progesterone and the effect is profound with 6 and 9mol% concentrations. The head group of liposomes were found to make hydrogen bonding in the vicinity of 3mol% of progesterone in both phases and of 6mol% of progesterone in liquid crystalline phase by infrared spectroscopy of PO- 2 stretching mode. This hydrogen bonding is made either with the hydroxyl group of progesterone or with the water molecules around the head group. With other concentrations of progesterone, there is no evidence of hydrogen bond formation.

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Öfverman, Charlotte. "Progesterone metabolites : learning, tolerance, antagonism & metabolism." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27064.

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Progesterone metabolites as allopregnanolone, isoallopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxy-corticosterone (THDOC) are increased in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, throughout pregnancy and during stress. Allopregnanolone and THDOC are neurosteroids with 3α-hydroxy, 5α-configurations and positive modulating effect on the GABAA receptor. They have similar properties and effect, and share the same binding sites on the GABAA receptor. Isoallopregnanolone has a 3β-hydroxy, 5α-configuration and a diverse effect as a proposed antagonist to both allopregnanolone and THDOC. Neurosteroids are thought to exert their effect predominantly at extrasynaptic GABAA receptors, containing for example α4- or α5-subunits. Such receptors are involved in the tonic response. Different subunits have diverse distribution pattern in the brain and are involved in different functions. The α5-subunit, mainly expressed in the hippocampus, is involved in learning, while α4 is more widespread and involved in e.g. anxiety and anaesthesia. The aim of the present thesis was to contribute to the knowledge about selected progesterone metabolites and their effects on learning and tolerance development, as well as their metabolism. Also basic characteristics between different α-subunits of the GABAA receptor were evaluated. The thesis shows that the effect of bicuculline and pentobarbital is not dependent on the α-subunit isoform of the GABAA receptor expressed in oocytes. Acute tolerance developed after allopregnanolone-induced anaesthesia with a decrease at both mRNA and protein levels of the GABAA receptor α4-subunit in the thalamus VPM nucleus. A negative correlation between the α4 mRNA and the increased dose of allopregnanolone needed to maintain the anaesthesia level was also shown. In addition, allopregnanolone induces a learning impairment in the Morris water maze test, when high concentrations of allopregnanolone are present in the brain. This impairment is not possible to reverse by isoallopregnanolone. In α5β3γ2L-transfected HEK-293 cells THDOC induces a baseline shift of its own and also potentiate the GABA-current. Neither of those THDOC effects can be inhibited by isoallopregnanolone. Instead isoallopregnanolone shows an agonistic effect on the THDOC-potentiation of the GABA-response. The main allopregnanolone metabolites identified, 5α-DHP and isoallopregnanolone, as well as allopregnanolone itself are mainly localized to the brain after an i.v. injection. After an isoallopregnanolone injection there is a more even distribution of the given steroid and the metabolites between plasma and brain. There is an epimerisation between isoallopregnanolone and allopregnanolone and vice versa. In conclusion, the present thesis shows that the α4-subunit in the thalamus VPM nucleus is likely to be involved in the acute tolerance development against allopregnanolone and that allopregnanolone-induced learning impairment is likely to be hippocampus dependent. The lack of antagonistic effect of isoallopregnanolone on the THDOC-induced α5β3γ2L-GABAA response, together with epimerisation of isoallopregnanolone to allopregnanolone, could explain why isoallopregnanolone does not work as an antagonist to the allopregnanolone-induced learning impairment in a hippocampus dependent learning task.

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Lemley, Caleb Owens. "Alterations in progesterone catabolic enzymes by insulin." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5286.

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Green, Mark Philip. "Progesterone and early embryo development in cattle." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272358.

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Starbuck, Gareth Robert. "Progesterone and fertility in the dairy cow." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324102.

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34

Sauer, Maurice John. "The enzymeimmunoassay of progesterone in bovine milk." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847991/.

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The reproductive endocrinology of the cow during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy has been reviewed, with emphasis on progesterone and how its measurement in milk may be used to improve reproductive performance. Competitive colorimetric enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) performed in microtitre plate wells were developed, enabling progesterone concentrations in unextracted milk samples to be determined. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide or disuccinimidyl carbonate was used to synthesize N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of progesterone derivatives: these enabled formation of enzyme-labelled steroids in a more efficient manner than conventional procedures. Poor sensitivity was observed with seven anti-progesterone 11alpha-hemisuccinate antisera when 11alpha-hemisuccinate, 11alpha-hemimaleate or 3-carboxymethyloxime bridges were used to link progesterone with the enzyme label: this problem of bridge recognition was greatly reduced when the 11alpha-glucuronide bridge was employed. Penicillinase as label provided more sensitive EIAs than alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase or beta-galactosidase but alkaline phosphatase offered practical advantages. The heterologous EIA finally adopted employed progesterone 11alpha-glucuronide-alkaline phosphatase as label, with progesterone 11alpha-hemisuccinate antibody. Assay sensitivity was similar to RIA, with a limit of detection of 5pg and 50% label displacement with 24pg progesterone. Analytical recovery,linearity of response and precision of the assay also compared favourably with RIA. Results of EIA of milk samples showed good correlation with determinations made after isolation of progesterone by HPLC (r = 0. 910) and with determinations by RIA (r = 0. 933 ). The assay enabled accurate monitoring of corpus luteum function in dairy cattle. This allowed insemination to be performed without the need for observation of behavioural oestrus or reduction of the pregnancy rate. When used for pregnancy testing, good correspondence was found with results derived from RIA performed in a commercial laboratory. Positive pregnancy tests by EIA proved 94% accurate when compared with diagnosis by palpation per rectum and in a separate study 93. 5% were confirmed as correct according to calving dates.

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Rae, Michael T. "Progesterone binding in the bovine corpus luteum." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21476.

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This project was designed to examine the intracellular location of progesterone in bovine luteal cells. These experiments demonstrated the existence of a particulate membrane fraction of luteal cells where much of the endogenous progesterone was located. Results suggest an association between this fraction and the plasma membrane. Moreover, it was shown that these membranes were able to bind exogenous radiolabelled progesterone in a highly specific manner. Other steroids, precursors etc. were bound poorly. Thus, the experiments herein describe the characterisation of this novel progesterone binding site, its distribution in the cells of the bovine corpus luteum and preovulatory follicle, and attempts to purify and identify the progesterone binding protein. Results from these experiments indicated that the progesterone binding site investigated was distinct from classical genomic progesterone receptors. This non-classical progesterone binding protein (NCP₄-BP) was found in both large and small luteal cells of the corpus luteum, though levels were greater in large cells. NCP₄-BP was also found in the theca and granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicle. Binding characteristics of the NCP₄-BP were determined, and partial purification achieved. Results demonstrate that progesterone binding was not due to (i) steroid metabolizing enzymes (ii) non-specific intercalation of steroid into bi-layer membranes or (iii) the genomic progesterone receptor. Studies suggest that the binding site studied may represent a membrane located progesterone receptor with a potential role in the regulation of luteal function in cows.

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Öfverman, Charlotte. "Progesterone metabolites learning, tolerance, antagonism & metabolism /." Umeå : Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27064.

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Oliveira, Nayara Pestana de. "Efeitos da terapia estrogênica sobre a neuroquímica de fêmeas em modelo animal de perimenopausa (rata) induzida pelo 4-diepóxido de vinilciclohexano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-23072018-104343/.

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A perimenopausa representa a transição da vida reprodutiva para não reprodutiva. É geralmente caracterizada por alterações neuroendócrinas, metabólicas e comportamentais, um possível resultado da depleção folicular ovariana e consequente redução do número de folículos ovarianos. É o período em que as mulheres podem apresentar maior susceptibilidade a manifestar transtornos afetivos e de ansiedade. A exposição de roedores ao resíduo químico 4-diepóxido de vinilciclohexeno (VCD) é um modelo bem estabelecido para estudos sobre perimenopausa, pois o VCD acelera o processo natural de atresia folicular. Embora as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol estejam normais ou elevadas durante a perimenopausa, a terapia com estradiol pode ser benéfica para mulheres sintomáticas na perimenopausa. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar se a depleção folicular gradativa acelerada pelo VCD resulta em alterações na neuroquímica de ratas fêmeas em núcleos cerebrais que controlam o humor, além de avaliar se o estradiol seria capaz de reverter as possíveis alterações. Ratas da linhagem Wistar (28 dias pós-natal) receberam diariamente, durante 15 dias consecutivos, injeções subcutâneas de VCD (160 mg / kg) ou óleo de milho (O). Aproximadamente 55 dias após a primeira injeção, cápsulas de silastic contendo 17?-estradiol (E) ou O foram inseridas subcutaneamente (Grupos O+O; VCD+O; VCD+E). Cerca de 21 dias após o implante das cápsulas, as ratas dos grupos O+O e VCD+O foram decapitadas na manhã do diestro, enquanto que as do grupo VCD+E foram decapitadas exatamente 21 dias após o implante das cápsulas contendo estradiol, entre 0900 h e 1100 h. O sangue foi colhido para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol e progesterona por radioimunoensaio (RIE). Os cérebros foram removidos para microdissecção do hipocampo, amígdala, Locus coeruleus (LC) e Núcleo Dorsal da Rafe (NDR), para posterior análise dos níveis de RNAm para os receptores de progesterona (PR) e estradiol do tipo beta (ER?) por meio de RT/PCR. Este experimento foi replicado para remoção do hipocampo e amígdala para dosagem dos conteúdos de noradrenalina (NA) e serotonina (5-HT) por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta performance, seguida de detecção eletroquímica (HPLC/ED). Outro conjunto de ratas submetidas às mesmas condições10 experimentais foi perfundido para imunohistoquímica para TPH no NDR e TH no LC. Como esperado, na periestropausa (grupo VCD+O) as concentrações plasmáticas de estradiol não foram diferentes daquelas das ratas controles (O+O). As concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona na periestropausa foram menores que as do grupo controle, o que foi revertido pelo estradiol. No LC, a expressão de PR na periestropausa foi igual à das ratas controles, enquanto a expressão do ER? foi menor; a terapia com estradiol não modificou a expressão de nenhum destes receptores. A densidade de neurônios noradrenérgicos (TH+) no LC não foi alterada nem pela depleção folicular nem pela terapia estrogênica. Na periestropausa, o conteúdo de NA foi menor na amígdala, mas não no hipocampo, e o estradiol não alterou este conteúdo em nenhuma das áreas. No NDR, a expressão de PR e de ER? nas ratas na periestropausa foi menor que nas ratas controles; o estradiol preveniu o declínio da expressão de ER?, mas não de PR. O NDR foi analisado separadamente por toda a extensão rostro-caudal em 3 níveis anatômicos: rostral, médio e caudal, cada um dividido em 3 sub-regiões: lateral, dorsal e ventral. O número de neurônios serotonérgicos (TPH+) no NDR foi menor na periestropausa, e o estradiol foi capaz de reverter esse efeito, atuando principalmente na região caudal. A expressão gênica de PR não foi alterada nem pela depleção folicular nem pela terapia estrogênica tanto na amígdala como no hipocampo. A expressão de ER? também não foi diferente na periestropausa, quando comparada ao grupo controle, mas o estradiol aumentou esta expressão no hipocampo. Tanto na amígdala como no hipocampo houve redução no conteúdo de 5-HT na periestropausa e estradiol foi capaz de reestabelecer os níveis deste neurotransmissor aos valores controles apenas no hipocampo. Estes dados elucidam, pelo menos em parte os mecanismos do efeito positivo da terapia estrogênica nos sintomas de mulheres normoestrogênicas na perimenopausa. Estes efeitos parecem não envolver de forma importante o sistema noradrenérgico central, mas resultar do aumento da biossíntese de progesterona periférica em associação com a regulação positiva de ER? no NDR e hipocampo, que parece potencializar a via serotonérgica NDR/HPC. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de novas terapias que ativem os ER? pode ser uma alternativa para obter os efeitos positivos da ação do estradiol, eliminando os efeitos colaterais das terapias de estradiol que normalmente resultam da ativação do ER?.
Perimenopause represents the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive life. It is usually characterized by neuroendocrine, metabolic and behavioural changes, which result from a follicular depletion and reduced number of ovarian follicles. During this period, women are more likely to express mood disorders and anxiety. The exposure of animals to diepoxide 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCD) is a well-established experimental model for perimenopause studies, as VCD induces loss of ovarian small follicles (primary and primordial) in mice and rats by accelerating the natural process of atresia. Although estrogens levels are normal or even high during perimenopause, estrogen therapy can be beneficial for symptomatic perimenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gradual follicular depletion induced by VCD results in changes in the neurochemistry of female rats in brain nuclei that control mood and the role of estradiol on these changes. Female rats (28 days) were daily injected with VCD or corn oil (O) for 15 days. Around 55 days after the first injection, pellets of 17?-estradiol (E) or O were inserted s.c (Groups O+O; VCD+O; VCD+E). Around 21 days after, rats O+O and VCD+O were decapitated between 0900 h and 1100 of diestrus while rats VCD+E were decapitated exactly 21 days after the onset of E therapy. Another set of rats followed the same experimental design and were perfused for TH and TPH immunohistochemistry in Locus coeruleus (LC) and Dorsal Raphe Nuclei (DRN), respectively. Blood was collected for estradiol and progesterone measurement by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The brains were removed from decapitated rats to punch out LC, DRN, hippocampus and amygdala to analyse the expression of mRNA for ER? and PR by RT/PCR. This experiment was replicated to punch out the hippocampus and amygdala for the determination of noradrenaline (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) contents by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, followed by Electrochemical Detection (HPLC/ED). As expected, plasma concentrations of estradiol were not different from those of control rats (O + O). Plasma concentrations of progesterone in the periestropause were lower than those in the control group, which was reversed by estradiol. In the LC, the PR expression in the periestropause was similar to that of the control rats, whereas the ER? expression was lower; estradiol therapy did not modify the expression of any of these receptors. The12 density of noradrenergic (TH +) neurons in LC was not altered by either follicular depletion or estrogen therapy. In periestropause, NA content was lower in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus, and estradiol did not alter this content in any of the areas. In NDR, the expression of PR and ER? in periestropausal rats was lower than in controls; estradiol prevented the decrease of ER? expression, but not PR. The NDR was analyzed separately for the entire rostrocaudal axis in three anatomical levels: rostral, middle and caudal, each divided into three sub-regions: lateral, dorsal and ventral. The number of serotonergic neurons (TPH +) in NDR was lower in the periestropause, and estradiol was able to reverse this effect, acting mainly in the caudal region. PR gene expression was not altered by either follicular depletion or estrogen therapy in either the amygdala or the hippocampus. ER? expression was also no different in periestropause compared to the control group, but estradiol increased this expression in the hippocampus. Both in the amygdala and in the hippocampus there was a reduction in 5-HT content in the periestropause, and estradiol was able to reestablish the levels of this neurotransmitter at the control values only in the hippocampus. These data elucidate, at least in part, the mechanisms of the positive effect of estrogen therapy on the symptoms of normoestrogenic women in perimenopause. These effects do not appear to significantly involve the central noradrenergic system but result from increased peripheral progesterone biosynthesis in association with positive regulation of ER? in the NDR and hippocampus, which appears to potentiate the serotonergic NDR/HPC pathway. Therefore, the development of new therapies that activate ER? may be an alternative to obtain the positive effects of the estradiol action, eliminating the side effects of the estradiol therapies that normally result from the activation of ER?.

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38

Balendran, Anusha. "Comparison of pregnancy rates, progesterone concentrations, and expression of genes associated with progesterone synthesis in heifers and mature cows." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1508.

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It has been reported world wide that over the past fifty years production has dramatically increased in dairy cattle but at the same time fertility rates have steadily declined, particularly in mature cows. Fertility of heifers that were bred for the first time has not been affected. One of the major reasons for such fertility decline in mature cows could be impaired progesterone production. Therefore relationships of parity with reproductive performance, its effect on progesterone concentrations and genes associated with progesterone synthesis were examined in this thesis. In the first experiment, breeding records of 163 Holstein heifers and cows in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd/4th parities were used to compare pregnancy rates among heifers and parity cows and between parity cows. Progesterone levels of heifers, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd/4th parity (10 animals each group) were measured from milk and blood samples. First and second inseminations pregnancy rates were higher in heifers compared to other parity cows. Furthermore 1st parity cows showed higher pregnancy rates than 2nd and 3rd/4th parity cows. However, P₄ levels were not significantly different among animals of different parity. In the second experiment, expression levels of steroidogenic genes – StAR, P450scc, 3-β HSD; apoptotic genes Bax and Bcl-2; and HSP70 in corpus luteum obtained from six heifers and three 2nd/3rd parity lactating cows were compared using RT-PCR. Relative optical density with house keeping gene was obtained for each gene. Analysis of variance revealed that expression levels of steroidogenic and Bax genes are higher (p<0.05) in cows than heifers. HSP70 gene and Bcl-2 gene expressions were not different (P>0.05) between the two groups. This study confirmed a clear relationship between parity and reproductive performance. There was no significance relationship between parity and circulating progesterone levels. Steroidogenic genes expression was higher in lactating cows than heifers and no differences were seen in mRNA levels of Bcl2, and HSP70 genes between heifers and mature cows. Bax mRNA expression was higher in mature cows suggesting that the lifespan of corpus luteum may be compromised in 2nd and 3rd parity cows, resulting in early embryonic mortality and reduced pregnancy rates.

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Zanatelli, Marianna 1987. "Aspectos morfofuncionais da próstata feminina do gerbilo durante o ciclo estral : efeitos da ovariectomia e posterior reposição prolongada pelo estradiol e progesterona." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317934.

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Orientadores: Sebastião Roberto Taboga, Fernanda Cristina Alcântara dos Santos
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A próstata feminina é uma glândula funcionalmente ativa encontrada em diversas espécies de mamíferos, incluindo humanos e roedores. Em fêmeas adultas de gerbilos, a próstata apresenta localização parauretral, exibindo íntimo contato com a parede da uretra média. Esta glândula é homóloga à próstata ventral de roedores machos, sendo formada por um conjunto de ácinos e ductos inseridos em um estroma fibromuscular. O estudo da morfofisiologia prostática nas fases do ciclo estral tem demonstrado que a próstata feminina é influenciada pelas oscilações nos níveis séricos de estradiol e progesterona, com picos nas fases de estro e diestro II, respectivamente. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da administração combinada e prolongada de estradiol e progesterona sobre a próstata de fêmeas de gerbilo ovariectomizadas. A ovariectomia causou regressão glandular e diminuição da atividade secretora, aspectos sugeridos, entre outros, pela diminuição da massa prostática e a quase ausência de secreção glicoprotéica. Essas mudanças estão ligadas à supressão hormonal causada pela retirada dos ovários. A posterior reposição pelo estradiol e pela progesterona em associação mostrou uma grande recuperação da estrutura e fisiologia geral da próstata, evidenciada pelo aumento da altura do epitélio, da massa prostática e da atividade secretora. Os níveis hormonais aumentaram, justificando a recuperação da glândula, porém não atingiram o mesmo perfil observado no grupo controle. Também foram avaliadas as alterações na expressão de AR, ER?, ER? e no indicador de proliferação celular, PCNA, que mostraram maior imunorreatividade e maior número de células proliferativas no grupo tratado. A integridade da próstata não se relaciona apenas com os níveis de estrógeno e progesterona, mas também com o balanço cíclico entre esses hormônios no organismo feminino. Por fim, estudos sobre as ações do estrógeno e da progesterona na próstata podem abrir caminho para o desenvolvimento de tratamentos de importantes doenças prostáticas, as quais acometem tanto indivíduos do sexo masculino quanto do sexo feminino
Abstract: The female prostate is a gland functionally active found in several species of mammals, including humans and rodents. In adult female gerbils, the prostate presents paraurethral location, showing close contact with the wall of the median urethra. This gland is homologous to the ventral prostate of male rodents and it is formed by a set of acini and ducts embedded in a fibromuscular stroma. The study of prostatic morphophysiology in the estrous cycle phases has shown that the female prostate is influenced by fluctuations in serum of estradiol and progesterone, with peaks in estrous and diestrus II phases, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of combined and prolonged administration of estradiol and progesterone on the prostate of ovariectomized female gerbil. Ovariectomy caused regression and decreased glandular secretory activity, aspects suggested by the shrinkage of the prostate and the almost absence of glycoprotein secretion. These changes are linked to hormonal supply caused by the ovaries removal. The subsequent replacement by estradiol and progesterone in combination showed a greater recovery of the structure and general physiology of the prostate, as evidenced by increased epithelial height, prostatic mass and secretory activity. The hormone levels increased, justifying the recovery of the gland, but did not achieve the same profile observed in the control group. We also evaluated the changes in the expression of AR, ER?, ER? and the cell proliferation marker, PCNA, which showed increased immunoreactivity and increased number of proliferating cells in the treated group. The integrity of the prostate is not only related to the levels of estrogen and progesterone, but also with the cyclical balance between these hormones in the female body. Finally, studies about the actions of estrogen and progesterone in prostate may be the starter for the development of treatments for important prostate diseases, which affect both males and females
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

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40

Fátima, Luciana Alves de. "Análise diferencial da expressão gênica e proteica no corpo lúteo de bovinos submetidos a tratamentos com eCG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-05082013-174714/.

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A gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) tem sido utilizada em programas de sincronização para inseminação artificial em tempo fixo e normalmente promove o aumento do volume do corpo lúteo e a da produção de progesterona. Além disso, esta mesma gonadotrofina pode ser utilizada para superovulação. Desse modo, hipóteses relativas aos mecanismos pelos quais gonadotrofinas exógenas alteram as funções celulares nos corpos lúteos resultantes foram formuladas. Para testar tais hipóteses, 18 vacas (Bos indicus) foram divididas em grupos: controle (n=5), estimulado (n=6) e superovulado (n=7) e a ovulação das mesmas foi sincronizada usando um protocolo já estabelecido com dispositivo de progesterona. Os animais estimulados receberam 400 UI de eCG no dia de remoção do dispositivo de progesterona e os animais superovulados 4 dias antes. No dia 7 após injeção de GnRh, os animais foram abatidos para a coleta de CLL e sangue. Análises de peso e volume de CL, concentração de progesterona (P4), bem como da expressão gênica e proteica de fatores angiogênicos e de proteínas esteroidogênicas foram realizadas. Além disso, o transcriptoma foi analisado por microarranjo. Foi observado que o volume do CL foi maior nos animais do grupo estimulado (1177,37 ± 167,07 mm3) e ainda maior nos do superovulado (1495,18 ± 137,01 mm3) quando comparados ao grupo controle (830,33 ± 234,99 mm3; p = 0,03). A concentração média de progesterona por CL nos animais do grupo estimulado foi maior que nos animais do grupo controle (5,95 ± 0,17 vs 3,69 ± 0,72 ng/ml; p = 0,03) e que nos superovulados (4,11 ± 0.73; p = 0,01). Além disso, os tratamentos com eCG aumentaram a expressão do FGFR2 e também da STAR nos animais estimulados e superovulados (p < 0,05). Quanto aos resultados do microarranjo, no total 242 transcritos foram aumentados e 111 foram diminuídos nos animais estimulados e 111 foram aumentados e 113 diminuídos nos animais superovulados em relação aos animais controle (~1,5 vezes, p 0.05). Entre os genes diferencialmente expressos, muitos estavam envolvidos na síntese de lipídios e na produção de progesterona, tais como: PPARG, HMGCR, STAR, receptores de prolactina e folistatina. Estes achados demonstraram que os tratamentos com eCG modularam a expressão gênica diferencialmente, dependendo do tratamento, e que nossos dados contribuem para entender as vias relacionadas ao aumento do volume do CL e da produção de progesterona observada após os tratamentos. Em um segundo experimento, foi realizado análises da influência do FSH na expressão de VEGF no cultivo de células da granulosa. Neste experimento foi possível observar que o FSH aumentou a expressão gênica e proteica do VEGF, colaborando com a ideia de que as gonadotrofinas têm propriedades angiogênicas.
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) has been widely used in synchronization protocol to artificial insemination program and usually promote corpus luteum (CL) volume increases and stimulates progesterone production. Furthermore the same gonadotropin can be used to superovulation protocols. Thus, hypotheses concerning the mechanisms by which exogenous gonadotropins alter cellular functions in resulting corpora lutea were formulated. To test that hypothesis, 18 (Bos indicus) cows were divided into control (n=5), stimulated (n=6) and superovulated groups (n=7). Ovulation was synchronized using a progesterone device-based protocol. Stimulated animals received 400 IU of eCG of device removal and superovulated animals received 2000 IU of eCG 4 days prior. Corpora lutea (CLL) and blood samples were collected seven days after GnRH administration. Analyses of CL weight and volume, progesterone (P4) concentration, as well as the gene and protein expression of angiogenic and steroidogenic proteins were performed. Furthermore, the transcriptome was evaluated by microarray. The CL volume was higher in superovulated (1495.18 ± 137.01) than in stimulated (1177.37 ± 167.07) cows and higher in stimulated than in the control (830.33 ± 234.99) cows, and the P4 concentration per CL was higher in stimulated (5.95 ± 0.17 ng/ml) animals than in the control (3.69 ± 0.72 ng/ml) and superovulated (4.11 ± 0.73 ng/ml; P = 0.01) animals. Overall, 242 transcripts were up-regulated and 111 transcripts were downregulated in stimulated cows (P 0.05) and 111 were up-regulated and 113 down-regulated in superovulated cows in relation to the control (1.5 fold, P 0.05). Among the differentially expressed genes, many were involved in lipid biosynthesis and progesterone production, as PPARG, HMGCR, STAR, prolactin receptors and follistatin. In conclusion, eCG modulates gene expression differently depending on the treatment. Our data contribute to the understanding of the pathways involved in increased CL volume and progesterone levels observed after eCG treatment. In a second experiment, analyzes were performed about the influence of FSH on the expression of VEGF in the culture of granulosa cells. In this experiment it was observed that FSH increases the expression of the VEGF gene and protein, these finding collaborate with the idea that gonadotrophins have angiogenic properties.

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Santos, Marcelo Henrique dos. "Desenvolvimento de protocolos para IATF com 7 dias de permanência do CIDR® em fêmeas Nelore." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-31052016-110816/.

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O objetivo do experimento I foi avaliar a redução do tempo de permanência do dispositivo de P4 de 9 para 7 dias sob parâmetros reprodutivos de vacas Nelore. Foram utilizadas 674 vacas lactantes entre 40-60 dias pós parto que receberam no início do protocolo (d0) BE + CIDR. No momento da retirada do CIDR foi administrado PGF2 α, ECP e eCG. A IATF ocorreu 55 e 48 horas após a retirada do dispositivo nos tratamentos 7d-CIDR e 9d-CIDR, respectivamente. Dez dias após a IA foi realizada colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4 sérica e confirmação da ovulação. Vacas tratadas com 7d-CIDR apresentaram menor (p < 0,01) folículo ovulatório em relação ao 9d-CIDR. No entanto, a concentração de P4 pós-IA, taxas de ovulação, detecção de estro e prenhez não foram influenciadas pelo tempo de permanência do CIDR. Assim, o uso do CIDR por 7 dias promoveu desempenho reprodutivo semelhante em vacas Nelore comparado ao protocolo com 9 dias. O experimento II teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da reutilização do CIDR por até 35 dias de uso em vacas e 42 dias em novilhas Nelore. Utilizou-se 749 vacas lactantes 40-60 dias pós parto e 92 novilhas púberes. No d0 os animais receberam BE + CIDR novo (CIDR1) ou previamente usado por 7 (CIDR2), 14 (CIDR3), 21 (CIDR4), 28 (CIDR5) e 35 (CIDR6) dias. No momento da retirada do CIDR (d7) foi administrado PGF2 α, ECP, eCG e exame de US para mensuração do maior folículo (FD), além de colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4. A IATF ocorreu 55 horas após a retirada do dispositivo. O diâmetro do FD foi maior (p < 0,01) de acordo com o maior número de usos do CIDR nas vacas, a concentração de P4 reduziu nos CIDRs reutilizados porém se mantiveram acima de 1,5 ng/ml e a taxa de prenhez não foi afetada pela reutilização do dispositivo por até 5 vezes em vacas e o sexto uso em novilhas. O protocolo com 7 dias de permanência permite a reutilização do CIDR por até 6 vezes mantendo a mesma eficiência reprodutiva. No experimento III o objetivo foi avaliar se a aplicação do eCG dois dias antes da retirada do dispositivo aumenta o tamanho do FO, CL e taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 681 vacas lactantes 40-60 dias pós parto e 182 novilhas púberes. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois tratamentos com aplicação de eCG no quinto (5d-eCG) ou sétimo dia (7d-eCG). No d0, os animais receberam BE + CIDR e no dia 7 o CIDR foi retirado e administrado PGF2 α e ECP. Dez dias após a IA foi realizada US para mensuração do CL e colheita de sangue para dosagem de P4. A IATF ocorreu 55 horas após a retirada do dispositivo. O tratamento 5d-eCG aumentou (p < 0,01) o FO nas vacas em relação ao grupo 7deCG e o mesmo ocorreu nas novilhas. Em vacas, a concentração de P4 pós IA foi mais alta (p = 0,04) no 5d-eCG. Em novilhas o diâmetro do CL pós-IA foi maior (p < 0,01) no 5d-eCG. No entanto, a antecipação da aplicação do eCG foi eficiente em aumentar o folículo ovulatório no momento da IATF, mas não aumentou a taxa de prenhez
The aim of the experiment I was to evaluate the reduction of the time of P4 device from 9 (9d-CIDR) to 7 (7d-CIDR) days and its impacts on reproductive parameters of Nellore cows. Six hundred and seventy-four suckling cows 40-60 days postpartum received EB + CIDR at d0 of the protocol. At CIDR removal, there were administered PGF2 α, ECP, eCG. The FTAI occurred 55 and 48 hours after device removal in the treatment 7d-CIDR and 9d-CIDR, respectively. Ten days after AI blood samples were collected for P4 analysis and ovulation rate. Cows of treatment 7d-CIDR showed lower (p <0.01) ovulatory follicle (OF) than 9d-CIDR. The CIDR length in cows and heifers did not influence concentration of P4, ovulation rate, estrus detection rate and pregnancy rate. Thus, the use of CIDR by 7 days did not impacted reproductive result in suckling cows and Nellore heifers. The aim of experiment II was to evaluate the effects of the CIDR reuse up to 35 days in cows and heifers on reproductive characteristics. We used 749 suckling cows 40-60 days postpartum and 92 pubertal heifers. In d0 animals received EB + new CIDR (CIDR1) or previously used by 7 (CIDR2), 14 (CIDR3), 21 (CIDR4), 28 (CIDR5) and 35 (CIDR6) days. At CIDR removal were administered PGF2 α, ECP, eCG and US to measure the largest follicle (LF), and blood collection for P4 analysis. The TAI occurred 55 hours after device removal. The LF diameter was greater (p <0.01) in CIDR reused in cows. P4 concentration was lower in CIDR reused, but was higher than 1.5 ng / mL, and the device reused up to 5 times in cows and 6 times heifers did not affect pregnancy rate. The 7d-CIDR protocol allowed the reuse of CIDR up to 6 times keeping the same efficiency of CIDR new. In the experiment III the objective was to evaluate whether the application of eCG two days before the device removal increases the size of OF, CL and pregnancy rates. Six hundred and eighty-one suckling cows 40-60 days postpartum and 182 pubertal heifers were used. The animals were divided into two treatments with eCG application in fifth (5d-eCG) or seventh day (7d-eCG) of protocol. In d0, the animals received EB + CIDR and day 7 CIDR was removed and administered PGF2 and ECP. Ten days after AI, US was performed to measure the size of CL and blood collection for P4 analysis. The TAI occurred 55 hours after CIDR removal. The treatment d5 eCG increased (p < 0.01) OF. In cows, the concentration of P4 after AI was higher (p = 0.04) in 5d-eCG. In heifers, the CL diameter was higher in 5d-eCG. However, the 5d-eCG did not increase (p > 0.1) pregnancy rate. The strategy of eCG application in d5 was efficient to increase ovulatory follicle, but did not increase pregnancy rate

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Lopes, Patricia Rotta. "Avaliação da progesterona salivar em cadelas durante o período peri-ovulatório." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-02102012-151003/.

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Vários autores já enfatizaram a importância do monitoramento do ciclo estral em cadelas e citaram exemplos de como ele pode ser feito. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a técnica de dosagem de progesterona salivar para monitorar o ciclo estral da espécie. Para composição do grupo experimental, foram utilizadas 13 cadelas. As amostras de sangue e saliva foram colhidas paralelamente em todos os animais, a partir dos primeiros sinais de proestro. As amostras salivares foram obtidas com o uso de dispositivo específico para coleta Salivette®, método que se mostrou eficaz, visto que foi possível obter volume suficiente para dosagem de progesterona na grande maioria das amostras. As concentrações de progesterona no soro foram determinadas pela técnica de RIE e na saliva por EIE. Embora haja uma relação linear crescente e positiva entre a progesterona sérica e salivar (r=0,704; p<0,0001), não é possível utilizar o parâmetro salivar para determinar o momento da ovulação.
Several authors have already emphasized the importance of monitoring estrous cycle in bitches and mentioned examples of how it can be done. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary progesterone quantification technique in order to monitor the estrous cycle in this species. To compound the experimental group, 13 bitches were used. Blood and saliva samples were collected simultaneously in all animals, starting about the first day of proestrus signs. Salivary samples were collected with a specific device: Salivette®. This method was effective, since it was possible to obtain enough volume in almost all samples to quantify progesterone. Serum progesterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay and salivary progesterone by enzyme immunoassay. Although there is an increasing, linear and positive correlation between salivary and serum progesterone (r=0,704; p<0,0001), it is not possible to use the salivary parameter to set the moment of ovulation.

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Lopes, Patricia Rotta. "Avaliação de imunoensaio multianalito para dosagem de esteroides sexuais em ruminantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-03082017-143317/.

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As dosagens de estradiol e progesterona são utilizadas em grande número de pesquisas em reprodução animal. Vários métodos e anticorpos para quantificação vêm sendo desenvolvidos, porém cada metodologia analítica possui vantagens e limitações. O radioimunoensaio é o mais utilizado, mas tem como principal desvantagem o envolvimento de material radioativo. A preocupação neste setor aliada às exigências das legislações em questões ambientais, têm aumentado a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas técnicas sem a utilização de material radioativo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a técnica xMAP-Multiplex® para dosagem de estradiol e progesterona em vacas, ovelhas e búfalas. Foram utilizados cinco animais de cada espécies. O ciclo estral dos animais foi sincronizado com a utilização de prostaglandina e amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas durante o ciclo estral. As concentrações séricas de progesterona e estradiol dos animais do estudo foram obtidas pelo MILLIPLEX® MAP Multi Species Steroid kit (STTHMAG-21K; Millipore, Billerica, MA). Nas condições em que este experimento foi realizado, os resultados mostraram que esta técnina é viável para a avaliação do perfil progesterônico destas espécies, mas não para avaliar o perfil estrogênico.
Quantification of estradiol and progesterone are used in a big number of animal´s reproduction´s researches. Several methods and antibodies to quantify them have been developed, but each analytical methodology has advantages and limitations. Radioimmunoassay is the most widely used method, but it has as major disavantage the use of radioactive material. The concerns at this area added to the requirements of legislations about environmental topics have increased the need to development techniques without the use of radioactive material. The aim of this research was to evaluate the xMAP-Multiplex® technique to quantify progesterone and estradiol in ovines, bovines and bubalins. Five animals of each species were used. The estrous cycle of the animals was synchronized by prostaglandin and blood samples were collected during the estrous cycle. The seric concentrations of progesterone and estradiol were obtained by MILLIPLEX® MAP Multi Species Steroid kit (STTHMAG-21K; Millipore, Billerica, MA). Under the conditios of this experiment the results showed that this technique is practicable to evaluate progesterone´s profile in those animals, but not to evaluate their estradiol´s profile.

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Chabu, Daniel Bernardo. "Determinação não-invasiva da concentração de metabólitos de hormônios gonadais em excretas de ranfastídeos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-06102014-141757/.

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Pouco se conhece acerca dos aspectos fisiológicos da reprodução de ranfastídeos, sendo estas informações importantes para sua conservação e criação em cativeiro. Métodos não-invasivos permitem análises a longo prazo e em espécies pequenas, além de facilitar estudos em vida livre e minimizar o estresse causado aos animais. Este trabalho teve por intuito a dosagem de metabólitos de testosterona (machos e fêmeas), progesterona e estradiol (somente fêmeas) nas excretas de 3 casais de tucano-toco (Ramphastos toco) e 3 casais de tucano-de-bico-verde (Ramphastos dicolorus), dentro e fora da estação reprodutiva. Dados de observações comportamentais mostraram que os animais foram mais ativos durante a estação reprodutiva, porém comportamentos sociais e proximidade entre o casal se mostraram raros nas duas fases durante as seções de observação. Concentrações de metabólitos de progesterona foram obtidos para as duas espécies na Fase Reprodutiva, mas não foram detectados nos ensaios para a Fase Não-reprodutiva. Metabólitos de testosterona puderam ser dosados em ambas as espécies, nas duas fases, tanto em machos quanto em fêmeas; sendo que os resultados mostraram para a maioria dos indivíduos concentrações maiores na Fase Reprodutiva. Aumentos acima de variações basais de metabólitos de testosterona foram associados à ocorrência de posturas, que ocorreram durante a Fase Reprodutiva numa das fêmeas de R. toco. Não foram obtidos resultados de metabólitos de estradiol em nenhuma das duas espécies, possivelmente pela falha do anticorpo utilizado em reconhecer os metabólitos. No entanto, este trabalho mostrou que a técnica utilizada foi eficaz para dosagem de metabólitos de testosterona e progesterona nas excretas destas espécies, evidenciando variações sazonais nas concentrações hormonais e indicando uma relação entre a concentração de metabólitos de testosterona e as posturas.
Little is known about reproductive physiology in Ranfastidae and this knowledge is needed for the development of conservation programs and for successful captive breeding. Non-invasive methods allow long-term analysis in small animals, facilitate studies with free-living animals and minimize the handling stress. The purpose of this work was to measure the testosterone (males and females), progesterone and oestrogen (females) metabolites concentrations in the droppings of Toco-toucan (Ramphastos toco) and Red-billed-toucan (Ramphastos dicolorus), inside and outside the reproductive season. Three captive couples of each species were studied. Collected behavioural data showed that the animals were more active during reproductive season, but social behaviours and the couple proximity were rare in the two phases during the observation sessions. Progesterone metabolites concentrations could be obtained in the Reproductive Phase for both species, but weren`t detected in the Nonreproductive Phase. Testosterone metabolites could be measured for both species in the two phases, in males and females; and the results showed higher concentrations in most of individuals in the Reproductive Phase. Concentrations of testosterone metabolites above basal levels were associated to egg laying, which occurred during Reproductive Phase in one of the R. toco females. Results of oestrogen metabolites concentrations could not be obtained in both species, probably because the fail of the antibody in detecting these metabolites. However, this work showed that the utilized technique was efficient to measure testosterone and progesterone metabolites in those species droppings, evidencing seasonal variations in hormonal concentrations and indicating a relationship between testosterone concentrations and oviposition.

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Soares, Júlia Gleyci. "Estratégias para aumentar a recuperação de estruturas embrionárias de búfalas superovuladas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-16092015-111659/.

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Apesar de inúmeros estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil e no mundo, a utilização das biotecnologias de superovulação (SOV) e transferência de embriões (TE) em bubalinos ainda apresenta resultados inconsistentes, associados à principalmente à baixa taxa de recuperação de embriões. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da utilização de dispositivo de P4 (para promover diminuição da contratilidade do trato genital, Capitulo 1) ou da administração de PGF2α (para promover aumento da atividade da fímbria e da frequência do batimento ciliar, Capítulo 2) durante o período periovulatório na captação dos oócitos pelas fímbrias e no aumento da produção de embriões em búfalas superovuladas. No Experimento 1 (Capítulo 1), doadoras bubalinas foram homogeneamente divididas em dois grupos: controle (G-C; n=8) e tratamento com progesterona (P4) durante o período periovulatório (G-P4; n=8). A emergência da onda de crescimento folicular foi sincronizada com um dispositivo intravaginal de P4 e a administração de 2 mg i.m. de benzoato de em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (Dia 0; D0). A partir do D4, todas as búfalas receberam 200 mg i.m. de FSH duas vezes ao dia, em 8 doses decrescentes. Foram administrados 530µg i.m. de PGF2α no D6 e no D7. A P4 foi removida do G-C no D7 e do G-P4 no D10. No D8, todas as búfalas receberam 25 mg i.m. de pLH. As inseminações foram realizadas 12 e 24 h após o tratamento com pLH. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue a cada 12h do D7 ao D11 para posterior dosagem de progesterona. As estruturas embrionárias (oócitos/embriões) foram coletadas pelo método não cirúrgico de lavagem uterina seis dias após a segunda IA (D14). Avaliações ultrassonográficas dos ovários foram realizadas no D8 e no D14 para aferir respectivamente as respostas superestimulatória e superovulatória. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo procedimento GLIMMIX do SAS®. As búfalas do G-P4 apresentaram menor taxa de ovulação (13,5±4,9 vs. 71,5±16,1%; P=0,002) e, consequentemente, maior taxa de folículos ≥ 8 mm (87,8±10,6 vs. 34,3±9,8 %; P=0,06) e menor número de CLs no D14 (1,1±0,3 vs. 8,0±2,8; P=0,04) que as búfalas do G-C. O número de estruturas embrionárias (1,9±0,7 vs. 0,0±0,0; P=0,03), de embriões transferíveis (1,6±0,7 vs. 0,0±0,0; P=0,04) e congeláveis (1,6±0,7 vs. 0,0±0,0; P=0,04) foram inferiores para o G-P4. A concentração sérica de progesterona foi maior nos animais do G-P4 (1,87±0,13) que nos do G-C (0,48±0,10; P<0,0001). No Experimento 1 (Capítulo 2), as doadoras foram divididas aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: controle (G-C; n=22) e tratamento com prostaglandina F2α durante o período periovulatório (G-PGF; n=22). Os animais do G-C foram submetidos ao protocolo de superovulação descrito no capítulo 1. No G-PGF todas as búfalas receberam protocolo de superovulação semelhante ao G-C e, adicionalmente, receberam quatro doses de PGF2α (0,53 mg i.m. de cloprostenol sódico) do D8 ao D10 com intervalo de 12h. Foi verificado maior número de estruturas embrionárias recuperadas em búfalas superovuladas tratadas com PGF2α durante o período periovulatório (G-PGF=3,5±0,6) comparado ao grupo controle (G-C=2,3±0,5; P=0,02). Além disso, houve aumento no número de embriões transferíveis (G-PGF=2,7±0,6 vs. G-C=1,8±0,5; P=0,05). No Experimento 2 (Capítulo 2), os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais: Grupo Controle (GC; n=22), Grupo PGF injetável (G-PGF-INJ; n=22) e Grupo PGF Bomba Osmótica (G-PGF-BO; n=22). Os animais pertencentes aos grupos: G-C e G-PGF-INJ foram submetidos aos mesmos protocolos descritos para seus grupos correspondentes no Experimento 1 (Capítulo 2). No GPGF- BO, todas as búfalas receberam protocolo de superovulação semelhante ao G-C e, adicionalmente, receberam a partir do D8 a inserção subcutânea de uma mini-bomba osmótica, contendo PGF2α (2,12 mg de Cloprostenol sódico). A bomba osmótica retirada no D10. Não foram verificadas diferenças no número de estruturas totais recuperadas nas búfalas tratadas com PGFα durante o período periovulatório (G-C=2,1±0,8 vs. G-PGF-INJ=2,1±0,6 vs. GPGF- BO=1,4±0,4; P=0,58). Os tratamentos no período periovulatório com dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (Capítulo 1) e com PGF2α (Capítulo 2) não foram eficientes em aumentar a recuperação de estruturas embrionárias de búfalas superovuladas.
Despite numerous studies conducted in Brazil and world-wide, the use of superovulation (SOV) and embryo transfer (ET) biotechnologies in buffaloes still shows inconsistent results, particularly in terms of low embryos recovery rate. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a P4 device (to decrease contractility of the genital tract, Chapter 1) or PGF2α administration (to increase activity of the fimbriae and ciliary beat frequency, Chapter 2) during the periovulatory period in the uptake of oocytes by fimbriae and in the increase of embryo production in superovulated buffaloes. In Experiment 1 (Chapter 1), buffalo donors were homogeneously assigned into 2 groups: Control (C-G; n=8) and progesterone (P4) treatment during the periovulatory period (P4-G; n=8). Follicular growth wave emergence was synchronized with an intravaginal P4 device and the injection of 2 mg i.m. of estradiol benzoate at random stage of the estrous cycle (Day 0; D0). From D4 on, all buffaloes received 200 mg i.m. of FSH twice-daily, in 8 decreasing doses. A dose of PGF2α was given on D6 PM and on D7. The P4 was removed from the C-G on D7 and from the P4-G on D10. On D8, all buffaloes received 25 mg i.m. of pLH. Inseminations were done 12 and 24 h after the pLH treatment. Blood samples were collected every 12h from D7 to D11 for further progesterone assay. The embryonic structures (ova/embryos) were collected by nonsurgical uterine flush 6 days after the second timed AI (D14). Ovarian ultrasound examinations were performed on D8 and on D14 to verify respectively the superestimulation and the superovulatory response. Variables were analyzed by GLIMMIX procedure of SAS®. Buffaloes from P4-G showed lower ovulation rate (13.5±4.9 vs. 71.5±16.1%; P=0.002) and, consequently, higher follicles ≥ 8 mm rate (87.8±10.6 vs. 34.3±9.8 %; P=0.06) and lower number of CLs on D14 (1.1±0.3 vs. 8.0±2.8; P=0.04) than buffaloes from C-G. The total number of embryonic structures (1.9±0.7 vs. 0.0±0.0; P=0.03), transferable (1.6±0.7 vs. 0.0±0.0; P=0.04) and freezable embryos (1.6±0.7 vs. 0.0±0.0; P=0.04) were lower for P4-G. The serum progesterone concentration was greater for animals in P4-G (1.87±0.13) than in the C-G (0.48±0.10; P<0.0001). In Experiment 1 (Chapter 2), donors were randomly assigned into two groups: control (C-G; n=22) and prostaglandin F2α treatment during the periovulatory period (G-PGF; n=22). Animals from C-G were subjected to the superovulation protocol described on chapter 1. In G-PGF all buffaloes received similar superovulation protocol from the C-G and, additionally, received four doses of PGF2α (0.53 mg i.m. of sodic cloprostenol) from D8 to D10, 12h apart. A greater number of embryonic structures were recovered from superovulated buffaloes treated with PGF2α during the periovulatory period (PGF-G=3.5±0.6) compared to control group (C-G=2.3±0.5; P=0.02). Furthermore, increased number of transferable embryos were found in treated animals (PGF-G=2.7±0.6 vs. C-G=1.8±0.5; P=0.05). In Experiment 2 (Chapter 2), animals were randomly assigned into three experimental groups: Control group (CG; n=22), Injectable PGF group (INJ-PGF-G; n=22) and Osmotic pump PGF group (BO-PGF-G; n=22). The animals from C-G and INJ-PGF-G group were subjected to the same protocols described for their correspondent groups in Experiment 1 (Chapter 2). In BO-PGF-G, all buffaloes received the superovulation protocol similar to C-G and, additionally, received from D8, a subcutaneous insertion of a mini osmotic pump, containing PGF2α (2.12 mg de sodic cloprostenol). The osmotic pump was removed on D10. No differences were found on the total number of recovered structures in buffaloes treated with PGF2α during the periovulatory period (C-G=2.1±0.8 vs. INJ-PGF-G=2.1±0.6 vs. BO-PGF-G=1.4±0.4; P=0.58). Treatments on the peri- ovulatory period with intravaginal P4 device (Chapter 1) and PGF2α (Chapter 2) were not efficient in increasing the recovery of embryonic structures in superovulated buffalo.

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Mantovani, Ana Paula. "Utilização prolongada de dispositivo intravaginal contendo progesterona (CIDR®) para indução de folículos persistentes em receptoras de embrião bovino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-17012005-163326/.

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Em programas de transferência de embriões, as perdas embrionárias após a inovulação têm sido relacionadas com uma capacidade reduzida do corpo lúteo (CL) em secretar progesterona (P4), uma vez que este hormônio prepara o endométrio para a implantação e a manutenção da prenhez. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a eficácia da utilização de dispositivo intravaginal contendo progesterona (CIDR®) por 14 dias em receptoras de embrião, para a indução de folículos persistentes e formação de CLs maiores do que aqueles formados com a utilização de CIDR® por 8 dias. Duzentas e setenta e oito novilhas Bos taurus x Bos indicus foram divididas em 4 grupos. As receptoras do Grupo 1 (G1, n = 70) receberam 2,0 mg de BE + 50 mg de P4 por via intramuscular (IM) no dia da colocação do CIDR® (D0), oito dias depois (D8), o dispositivo foi retirado e foi aplicado um análogo da prostaglandina F2 alfa (PGF2 alfa - 0,53 mg de Cloprostenol Sódico) IM pela manhã. No D9, foi aplicado 0,5 mg de BE IM e o D17 foi o dia da inovulação. Os animais do Grupo 2 (G2, n = 71) receberam 2,0 mg de BE + 50 mg de P4 no dia da colocação do CIDR® (D0), todavia, esses animais receberam 2 aplicações de PGF2 alfa, uma no início do tratamento e outra 5 dias depois. Nestes animais, o CIDR® foi mantido por 14 dias; assim, no D15 foi aplicado 0,5 mg de BE e o dia da inovulação, foi o D23. No Grupo 3 (G3, n = 67), o tratamento foi semelhante ao do G2, no entanto a PGF2 alfa foi aplicada uma única vez, 5 dias após o início do tratamento. No Grupo 4 (G4, n = 70), o tratamento foi semelhante ao do G2, tendo os animais recebido 2 aplicações de PGF2 alfa, uma no dia da colocação do CIDR® e outra no dia da retirada. A avaliação ultrassonográfica dos ovários foi realizada um dia após a retirada do CIDR® e no dia da inovulação, quando foram colhidas amostras de sangue para dosagem de P4. O diâmetro médio do folículo dominante (FD) foi maior nos grupos G2, G3 e G4 quando comparado com o grupo G1. A área do CL, a concentração plasmática de P4 e a taxa de aproveitamento foram maiores nos grupos G2 e G3 que no grupo G1, enquanto o grupo G4 não diferiu estatisticamente dos demais. A taxa de concepção nos grupos G2 e G3 foi inferior àquela do grupo G1, mas não diferiu entre o grupo G4 e os demais. A taxa de prenhez não apresentou diferença estatística entre os grupos. Esses resultados sugerem que a utilização de CIDR® por tempo prolongado, quando associada à aplicação de PGF2 alfa no início do tratamento, é eficaz na formação de folículos persistentes, que resultam em CLs aumentados e com maior capacidade de secretar P4 . No entanto, ao contrário do esperado, a taxa de concepção foi reduzida nos grupos em que o tratamento visava a formação de folículos persistentes.
Embryo losses in cattle embryo transfer programs have been related to a corpus luteum (CL) inability to secrete progesterone (P4), necessary to endometrial preparation for embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Thus the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment with progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (CIDR®) for a period of 14 days in order to induce the formation of a persistent follicle and a CL of larger diameter than the ones produced during the conventional 8 days CIDR® treatment. Two hundred seventy-eight cross-bred Bos taurus x Bos indicus heifers were randomly allocated in four groups. Heifers in Group 1 (G1, n = 70) received 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) + 50 mg of P4 at the moment of CIDR® insertion (D0), a 0.53 mg injection of cloprostenol (PGF2 alfa analogous) at the time of CIDR® removal (D8) and 0.5 mg EB on D9. On D17 animals received a frozen/thawed embryo by direct transfer. Heifers in Group 2 (G2, n = 71) received a CIDR® device combined with 2.0 mg of EB + 50 mg of P4 (D0). Animals of this group received 2 injections of PGF2 alfa, one on D0 and the other on D5. The CIDR® was removed on D14. A 0.5 mg injection of EB was administered on D15. The treatment in Group 3 (G3, n = 67) was similar to G2, except by the fact that a single injection of PGF2 alfa was administered on D5. Treatment performed on animals of Group 4 was similar to the one performed on G2. However, animals of this group received two injections of PGF2 alfa, one at the time of CIDR® insertion and the other at the moment of it?s removal. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed on the day after CIDR® removal and at the day of embryo transfer. Blood samples for P4 analysis were also collected on the day of embryo transfer. Mean diameter of the dominant follicle was larger in heifers in G2, G3 and G4 when compared to G1. The CL area, plasma progesterone concentrations and recipient selection rate was greater in G2 and G3 than in G1, but G4 was not different of the other groups. Conception rates were lower in G2 and G3 when compared to G1. No differences between groups were found regarding to the pregnancy rates. These results suggest that a CIDR® long-term treatment, when associated with PGF2 alfa in the beggining of the treatment is efficient to stimulate the formation of a persistent follicle, resulting in a larger CL which provides higher P4 concentration. However, the induction of a persistent follicle had a negative effect on the conception rates which was not expected.

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Dias, Lilian Mara Kirsch. "Efeito da administração de hCG para indução de ovulação e estudo da dinâmica folicular no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de estros em ovelhas Santa Inês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-25062012-172410/.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da administração de hCG na indução de ovulação e estudo da dinâmica folicular no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de estros em ovelhas cíclicas da raça Santa Inês. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas consecutivas. Na primeira etapa, em dia aleatório do ciclo estral (D0), 9 ovelhas receberam um novo dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (Primer-PR®, Tecnopec, Brasil). Nove dias após (D9) o dispositivo foi retirado, administraram-se 30 µg de d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Syntex, Argentina) e 250 UI de eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Holanda). A partir deste momento, as ovelhas foram alocadas, aleatoriamente, a um de dois tratamentos: Grupo controle (GC) e Grupo hCG (GhCG). No GC, as ovelhas não receberam nenhum tipo de indutor de ovulação. No GhCG, 24 horas após a retirada do dispositivo, foram administrados, via i.m.,. 500 UI de hCG (Vetecor®,HertapeCalier, Espanha). Após um intervalo de 30 dias foi realizada uma réplica alternada do experimento (etapa 2), ou seja, as ovelhas que na primeira etapa estavam no grupo controle foram alocadas no grupo hCG e vice-versa. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. Houve regressão de todos os folículos presentes no início do tratamento e emergência da onda ovulatória, em média, 3,54±1,5 e 7.88±1.05 dias da colocação do dispositivo, respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao diâmetro do primeiro folículo pré-ovulatório (GC: 5,78±0,30 mm vs. GhCG: 5,36±0,69 mm; P=0,09) e segundo folículo pré-ovulatório (GC: 5,41±0,85 vs. GhCG: 4,71±0,50; P=0,08) em ovelhas com ovulações duplas. Observou-se maior proporção (P=0.009) de comportamento de estro nos animais do GC (9/9) quando comparado ao GhCG (3/8). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no intervalo médio entre retirada do dispositivo e início (47.4±15.0 no GC e 32.0±0.0 no GhCG, P=0.11) ou na duração do estro (36.22±18.57 h no GC e 38.6±30.6 h no GhCG, P=0.72). A concentração de progesterona sérica entre os dias D0 e D8 não diferiu estatisticamente (P=0.49) entre os grupos (CG:11.06±4.82 ng/ml vs GhCG: 9.74±4.37 ng/ml). As ovelhas do grupo hCG apresentaram menor intervalo entre retirada do dispositivo e ovulação (GC: 79,9±15,4 h vs. GhCG: 54,7±4,9 h; P=0,001). Além disso, os animais que receberam hCG tiveram as ovulações mais sincronizadas. Conclui-se que a administração de hCG antecipa e promove ovulações mais sincronizadas, o que pode ser importante para aumentar a eficiência da inseminação em tempo fixo.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hCG administration for ovulation induction and assessment of follicular dynamics on a nine day estrus synchronization protocol in Santa Ines cycling ewes. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive steps. In a random oestrus cycle day (D0), 9 ewes received a new intravaginal progesterone device (Primer-PR®, Tecnopec, Brasil). Nine days after (D9), 30 µg of d-cloprostenol (Prolise®, Syntex, Argentina ) and 250 IU of eCG (Folligon®, Intervet, Holanda) were administered and the progesterone device was removed. After this procedure, the ewes were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: Control Group (CG) and hCG Group (hCGG). In CG, ewes did not receive any ovulation inductor. In hCGG, 500 IU were administered (Vetecor®,HertapeCalier-Spain), intramuscular, 24 hours after device removal. After a 30 day interval, a replicate of the experiment was performed (phase 2), in which control group animals were allocated into hCG group and vice versa. In this study a randomized experimental design was used with repeated measures over time. In the present study it was observed regression of all follicles present on the day of device insertion and follicular wave emergence occurred averagely 3,54±1,5 and 7.88±1.05 days after device insertion, respectively. There was no difference between groups regarding the first preovulatory follicle diameter (CG: 5.78±0.30 mm vs. hCGG: 5.36±0.69 mm; p=0.09) and the second preovulatory follicle (CG: 5.41±0.85 vs. hCGG: 4.71±0>0.50; P=0.08) for ewes with double ovulations. CG animals showed a higher proportion of estrus behavior (P=0.009) than hCGG. There was no difference between groups regarding average interval from device removal and estrus onset (CG:47.4±15.0 and hCGG: 32.0±0.0, P=0.11) or on estrus duration (36.22±18.57 h on CG and 38.6±30.6 h on hCGG, P=0.72). Serum progesterone concentration between D0 and D8 did not differ (P=0.49) between groups (CG: 11.06±4.82 ng/ml and hCGG: 9.74±4.37 ng/ml). hCG group ewes had smaller interval between device removal and ovulation (CG: 79.9±15.4 h vs. hCGG: 54.7±4.9 h; P=0.001). Animals given hCG had more synchronized ovulations. It can be concluded that hCG administration hastens and improves ovulatory synchronization, which could be important to increase fixed time insemination efficiency.

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Spies, Camila. "Produção embrionária, perfil endócrino, metabólico e molecular de vacas holandesas não-lactantes recebendo dieta à base de milho ou polpa cítrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-28092016-185052/.

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A nutrição é um dos principais fatores que afetam a eficiência reprodutiva por influenciar o crescimento, maturação e capacidade ovulatória do folículo bem como o perfil e estado metabólico do animal, gerando cenários que prejudicam ou corroboram o desenvolvimento e estabelecimento da prenhez. Diferentes fontes energéticas utilizadas na nutrição são capazes de alterar os padrões de fermentação ruminal e causar respostas endócrinas distintas. A partir disso, os objetivos desse estudo foram avaliar de que forma duas fontes energéticas da dieta influenciam a produção embrionária, a expressão gênica de enzimas hepáticas que metabolizam progesterona (P4) e a insulinemia. Em um delineamento em crossover, 22 vacas holandesas não lactantes e não gestantes foram distribuídas em dois grupos: um recebendo milho e outro polpa cítrica como fonte de energia da dieta. A quantidade de alimento fornecida foi de 1,3% do peso corporal em matéria seca por dia. O estudo foi composto por dois períodos de 71 dias de duração e em cada um deles foram realizadas duas superovulações (aos 35 e aos 70 dias) e uma biópsia hepática (aos 71 dias). Amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas imediatamente antes do fornecimento do alimento e 4 horas após, em dias pré-determinados, para dosagem de glicose, insulina e P4. Ao final do estudo as vacas passaram por teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Foi quantificada a expressão gênica de enzimas que metabolizam a P4 por RT-qPCR. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de regressão logística pelo Proc MIXED do SAS 9.3. Os dados de expressão gênica foram avaliados por meio de delta CT. Imediatamente antes do fornecimento do alimento, a insulina circulante foi maior para o grupo milho (P < 0,01) e a P4 circulante foi maior para o grupo polpa cítrica (P < 0,01). Quatro horas após a alimentação, a P4 foi igual entre os tratamentos. A relação da P4 circulante na hora 4 e 0 foi maior para o grupo milho (P < 0,01). Tanto a glicose basal como o Homa-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) foram maiores para o grupo milho. No TTG, o grupo milho apresentou maior pico de glicose no momento 5 minutos, maior taxa de decaimento da glicose (P = 0,01) e menor tempo de meia vida da glicose (P = 0,05). Não houve efeito de tratamento na resposta superestimulatoria, superovulatória, produção de embriões e na expressão gênica das enzimas que metabolizam a P4, mas as superovulações realizadas aos 70 dias produziram embriões de qualidade inferior em relação às realizadas aos 35 dias, independente de tratamento. Conclui-se que, embora tenha sido possível alterar a insulina circulante através da dieta, a quantidade e qualidade de embriões produzidos não foram alteradas. O aumento pós-prandial da P4 circulante não foi relacionado a menor expressão gênica das enzimas hepáticas que metabolizam a P4.
Nutrition is one of the main factors affecting reproductive efficiency by influencing the growth, maturation and ovulatory capacity of the follicle and metabolic status of the animal, leading to scenarios that impair or corroborate the development and establishment of pregnancy. Different energy sources in the composition of the diet can alter ruminal fermentation patterns and cause different endocrine responses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate how two different energy sources in the diet can influence embryo production, gene expression of liver enzymes that metabolize progesterone (P4) and circulating insulin. In a crossover design, 22 non-lactating and non-pregnant Holstein cows were allocated into two groups: one receiving corn and other receiving citrus pulp as the energy supply of the diet. The amount of feed provided was 1.3% of body weight of dry matter per day. The study consisted of two 71-days periods and cows were superovulated twice on each period (at 35 and 70 days). Liver biopsy was performed after 71 days from the beginning of each replicate. Blood was sampled immediately before feeding and 4 hours later, at predetermined days, for measurement of glucose, insulin and P4. At the end of the study cows underwent a glucose tolerance test (GTT). Gene expression of liver enzymes that metabolize P4 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression of Proc Mixed of SAS 9.3. Gene expression data were evaluated using delta CT. Immediately before feeding, the circulating insulin was greater for the corn group (P < 0.01) and circulating P4 was greater for the citrus pulp group (P < 0.01). Four hours after feeding, circulating P4 was similar. The relationship of circulating P4 between hour 4 and 0 was greater for the corn group (P < 0.01). Both basal circulating glucose and HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) were greater for the corn group. The corn group had also greater glucose peak at the time 5 minutes of the GTT, greater glucose rate of decay (P = 0.01) and a shorter half-life of glucose (P = 0.05). There was no treatment effect on superstimulatory and superovulatory response, on embryo production and on gene expression of liver enzymes that metabolize P4. However, superovulations performed at 70 days produced lower embryo quality compared to those performed at 35 days, regardless of treatment. In conclusion, although it was possible to change circulating insulin by feeding different diets, the quantity and quality of embryos produced were not affected by the diets. The postprandial increase in circulating P4 was not associated with altered gene expression of hepatic enzymes that metabolize P4.

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Fischer, Luana. "Avaliação da influencia dos hormonios sexuais na nocicepção da articulação temporomandibular de ratos e estudo dos mecanismos envolvidos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290575.

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Orientador: Claudia Herrera Tambeli
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T14:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fischer_Luana_D.pdf: 1122094 bytes, checksum: 8b6c9b3ab833b6c7931a0c3408f48170 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos hormônios sexuais na nocicepção da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) de ratos e os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos. A injeção de formalina na ATM em uma concentração (0,5%) que não induziu nocicepção em machos intactos, induziu em machos gonadectomizados e em fêmeas intactas, o que sugere que os níveis fisiológicos de testosterona diminuem o risco de machos desenvolverem nocicepção da ATM. A resposta nociceptiva induzida pela injeção de uma alta concentração de formalina (1,5%) na ATM de machos é significativamente menor que àquela induzida na ATM de fêmeas em diestro, fase do ciclo estral com baixos níveis de estrógeno, mas semelhante àquela induzida na ATM de fêmeas em proestro, faze do ciclo estral com altos níveis de estrógeno. Esse resultado sugere que a nocicepção da ATM, em fêmeas, é exacerbada durante a fase do ciclo estral em que os níveis de estrógeno estão baixos. A administração sistêmica de estrógeno ou progesterona em fêmeas gonadectomizadas e de testosterona em machos gonadectomizados reduz a resposta nociceptiva induzida pela injeção de formalina na ATM. A influência do sexo e dos hormônios ovarianos na nocicepção induzida pela injeção de formalina ou de glutamato na ATM foi exatamente a mesma, o que demonstra que o efeito antinociceptivo dos hormônios ovarianos na ATM não é estritamente relacionado a nocicepção induzida pela formalina. A semelhança entre estudos clínicos e os resultados obtidos utilizando estes dois agentes nociceptivos sugere que o modelo comportamental de nocicepção da ATM pode ser útil e confiável para estudar os mecanismos envolvidos no efeito antinociceptivo dos hormônios sexuais na ATM de ratos. A administração de drogas no líquido cefalorraquidiano da região de complexo sensorial trigeminal também é útil para o estudo desses mecanismos, mas o procedimento cirúrgico realizado para a implantação do cateter usado para a injeção pode afetar a expressão dos comportamentos relacionados a nocicepção orofacial. Portanto, a técnica que permite a injeção direta de drogas nessa região, sem a necessidade de procedimentos cirúrgicos contribui para o estudo dos mecanismos envolvidos no efeito antinociceptivo dos hormônios sexuais na ATM de ratos. A administração, por meio dessa técnica, do antagonista de receptores opióides naloxona no espaço subaracnóide da região do complexo sensorial trigeminal bloqueou o efeito antinociceptivo induzido pelos níveis fisiológicos de estrógeno em fêmeas em proestro e pela administração sistêmica de estrógeno ou progesterona em fêmeas gonadectomizadas e de testosterona em machos o gonadectomizados. No entanto, a co-administração de naloxona e formalina na ATM bloqueou o efeito antinociceptivo da progesterona e da testosterona, mas não do estrógeno. Esses dados sugerem que mecanismos opióides centrais medeiam o efeito antinociceptivo do estrógeno, da progesterona e da testosterona, enquanto mecanismos opióides periféricos também medeiam o efeito antinociceptivo da progesterona e da testosterona. A administração local de estrógeno, conjugado ou não com a albumina plasmática, na ATM de fêmeas reduziu significativamente a nocicepção induzida pela formalina. Como o estrógeno conjugado com a albumina tem ação restrita a receptores de membrana, esse dado sugere que o estrógeno reduz a nocicepção através de uma ação periférica não genômica. O efeito antinociceptivo do estrógeno foi bloqueado pelo antagonista de receptores estrogênicos ICI 182 780 e pelos inibidores da óxido nítrico sintase, L-NNA, e da guanilato ciclase, ODQ, mas não pelo antagonista de receptores opióides, naloxona. Esse dado sugere que o efeito antinociceptivo periférico do estrógeno é mediado pela ativação da via do óxido nítrico/GMP cíclico. Juntos, os resultados desse estudo demonstram que os níveis fisiológicos de testosterona diminuem o risco de ratos desenvolverem nocicepção da ATM e os de estrógeno diminuem a nocicepção da ATM em ratas. Além disso, a nocicepção da ATM também é diminuída pela administração sistêmica de estrógeno ou progesterona em ratas e de testosterona em ratos. O efeito antinociceptivo dos hormônios sexuais é mediado por mecanismos opióides centrais, enquanto mecanismos opióides periféricos medeiam o efeito da progesterona e da testosterona, mas não do estrógeno. De fato, a administração de estrógeno na ATM reduz a nocicepção através de um mecanismo periférico não genômico, mediado pela ativação da via do óxido nítrico-GMPc, mas não pela ativação do sistema opióide periférico
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex hormones on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) nociception in rats and the possible mechanisms underlying their effect. The TMJ injection of 0.5% formalin induced nociception in intact females and gonadectomized males, but not in intact males, suggesting that the physiological level of testosterone protect males by decreasing their probability to develop TMJ pain. A higher dose of formalin (1.5%) induced a nociceptive behavior response significantly higher in female rats during diestrus phase of the estrous cycle than in those during proestrus phase and male rats. Since estradiol serum level was higher in proestrus than in diestrus females, this finding suggests that during low estradiol level of the estrous cycle the TMJ nociception is increased in female rats. Systemic administration of estradiol or progesterone in gonadectomized females and of testosterone in gonadectomized males significantly decreased 1.5% formalin-induced TMJ nociception. The role of sex and ovarian hormones in formalin and glutamate-induced TMJ nociception was virtually the same, showing that the antinociceptive effect of ovarian hormones was not exclusively related to the nociception induced by formalin. The similarity between clinical studies and the present results, obtained by using two different nociceptive agents, suggests that the TMJ behavior model may be useful and reliable to study the mechanisms underling the antinociceptive effect of sex hormones in the TMJ. Drug delivery to the medullary cerebrospinal fluid is also useful to study these mechanisms, however, the surgical procedure for implantation of the catheter used for drug delivery may affect the expression of the nociceptive behaviors related to orofacial nociception. Therefore, the technique for direct drug delivery to the medullary cerebrospinal fluid, without catheter implantation, will contribute for the study of the mechanisms underling the antinociceptive effect of sex hormones in the TMJ. The administration, though this technique, of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone in the medullary region blocked the antinociceptive effect of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. However, the co-administration of naloxone with formalin into the TMJ blocked the antinociceptive effect of progesterone and testosterone, but not of estradiol. These findings suggest that central opioid mechanisms mediate the antinociceptive effect of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone, while peripheral opioid mechanisms also mediated the antinociceptive effect of progesterone and testosterone. The local administration of estradiol, conjugated or not with the bovine serum albumin, significantly decreased formalin-induced TMJ nociception in female rats. Given that estradiol conjugated with bovine serum albumin is a membrane impermeable compound, these findings suggest that estradiol decreases TMJ nociception by a peripheral nongenomic mechanism. The antinociceptive effect of estradiol was blocked by an estrogen receptor antagonist and by a nitric oxide synthase and a guanilato cyclase inhibitors, but not by a opioid receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that estradiol decreases TMJ nociception in female rats through a peripheral activation of NO-cGMP signaling pathway. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that the high physiological level of testosterone decreases the risk of male rats develop TMJ pain and that of estradiol decreases TMJ nociception in female rats. Furthermore, TMJ nociception was also decreased by systemic administration of estradiol or progesterone in female and of testosterone in male rats. The antinociceptive effect of sex hormones is mediated by central opioid mechanisms, while peripheral opioid mechanisms mediate the antinociceptive effect of progesterone and testosterone, but not of estradiol. In fact, the administration of estradiol in the TMJ decreases nociception by a peripheral non-genomic mechanism mediated by activation of the nitric oxide-cGMP signaling pathway, but not by opioid receptors
Doutorado
Fisiologia Oral
Doutor em Odontologia

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Mathew, Daniel J. Lucy Matthew C. Geisert Rodney D. "Effect of RU486, a progesterone antagonist, on uterine progesterone receptor, embryonic development and ovarian function during early pregnancy in pigs." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5371.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 29, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Matthew C. Lucy and Rodney D. Geisert. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Progesterone'

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