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1
Marnis, Huria, Bambang Iswanto, Romy Suprapto, Imron Imron, and Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi. "IDENTIFIKASI ZIGOSITAS IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) TRANSGENIK F-2 YANG MEMBAWA GEN HORMON (PhGH) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE REALTIME-qPCR." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 11, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.1.2016.39-46.
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Produktivitas ikan budidaya dapat ditingkatkan melalui teknologi transgenesis. Populasi ikan lele transgenik cepat tumbuh telah dihasilkan dan karakter biologisnya telah diketahui. Namun informasi zigositas ikan lele transgenik perlu ditelaah lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi zigositas ikan lele transgenik F-2. Zigositas ikan lele transgenik diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan metode real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) dan uji progeni. Identifikasi zigositas melalui uji progeni, dilakukan dengan mendeteksi transgen (PhGH) pada individu-individu F-3 hasil persilangan transgenik F-2 dengan non-transgenik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zigositas pada ikan lele transgenik F-2 dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan metode RT-qPCR. Semua ikan transgenik F-2 adalah heterozigot, dengan nilai 2-Ct yang hampir sama tiap individu F-2, yaitu berkisar 0,80-0,99. Identifikasi zigositas dengan metode RT-qPCR menunjukkan hasil yang sama dengan uji progeni, semua transgenik F-2 tidak menghasilkan 100% anakan F-3 positif transgen. Pada uji progeni, transmisi transgen pada penelitian ini tidak mengikuti hukum segregasi Mendel, dengan kisaran sebesar 5%-40%.Fish farming productivity can be increased by transgenesis technology. On the previous study, transgenic African catfish population fast growing has been produced and its biological characters has been known. However information of transgenic zygosity of catfish should be examined. The aim of this study was to identify the zygosity of F-2 transgenic African catfish. The zygosity of F-2 transgenic was identified by real time-qPCR (RT-qPCR) method and progeny test. Further, identification of zygosity F-2 transgenic African catfish was confirmed by progeny test, while F-2 transgenic African catfish was mated with non-transgenic. Identification of zygosity F-2 transgenic was conducted by detection PhGH gene (transgene) in F-3 transgenic African catfish population. Transgene transmission was evaluated by PCR method. The result showed that the zygosity F-2 transgenic African catfish could be identified by RT-qPCR method. All F-2 transgenic African catfish were heterozygous, where as the 2-Ct value was almost same for all individual, which ranges from 0.80 to 0.99. The result of zygosity identification using RT-qPCR method was as same as that of progeny test. In the progeny test, transgene transmission in this study was non-Mendelian segregation, with ranges of 5%-40%.
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Woolliams, J. A., and C. Smith. "The value of indicator traits in the genetic improvement of dairy cattle." Animal Production 46, no. 3 (June 1988): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018948.
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ABSTRACTThe value of indicator traits (7), such as physiological or biochemical traits in the genetic improvement of dairy cattle for milk yield (M) was studied. First, some corrections were made to the base rates of genetic change possible by improvement systems based on progeny testing and on multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), and on combinations of these. Efficient field progeny-testing systems can be competitive with current adult MOET nucleus herd schemes but juvenile MOET nucleus herd schemes offer substantial increases in rates of response. With high co-heritability, selection for the T alone may allow greater rates of response than those currently considered feasible using progeny testing. However, faster rates are obtained with combined selection. When breeding values are accurately measured by pedigree and performance records on M, as in the progeny test, the extra rates of response with combined selection may be small. Where breeding values are less accurately assessed, as in juvenile MOET nucleus schemes, the extra rates of response can be appreciable. For T with co-heritability (hMrGhT) of 0·27 and the CV for M from 0·15 to 0·20, response rates of 2·0 to 2·7% of the mean per year possible by traditional methods could be increased to 2·2 to 2·9% in progeny testing schemes, 2·3 to 3·1% and to 4·3 to 5·7% for adult and juvenile MOET nucleus schemes respectively.A possible useful indicator trait is blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measured in young animals after a short fast. Results from four experiments with calves having high or low genetic merit for M were summarized. The pooled co-heritability estimate was —0·27 (s.e. 0·05). With this, or even a more modest effect, BUN would be a useful indicator trait in selection for milk production. Its use in practice in high and low selection lines or in a section of the industry, would allow assessment of the merit of the method.
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Meland, O. "Procedures of sire selection, sampling and application of new technology." BSAP Occasional Publication 19 (1995): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00031748.
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AbstractThe objective of any well designed progeny test programme is to identify those individuals that have inherited the favourable genes from his parents. Bulls that enter a progeny test programme have been highly selected on a set of selection criteria. The criteria vary among organizations based upon their breeding philosophy and their prediction of the future economic value of various traits. The accuracy of choosing among this highly selected group is quite low. Increasing the accuracy of selection before progeny testing is the greatest potential application of genetic marker technology. Markers associated with traits of importance can greatly enhance traditional selection methods by increasing the prospect of an individual having the desired characteristics. Genetic marker-assisted selection can greatly increase the actual genetic merit of traits of economic importance
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Hill, William G., and Karin Meyer. "Developments in methods for breeding value and parameter estimation in livestock." BSAP Occasional Publication 12 (1988): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x0000330x.
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In an effective animal breeding programme the objectives are appropriate, the population structure is good, suitable records are collected, and these records are used in an optimal way so that animals likely to have the best offspring are chosen.Estimates of genetic parameters such as heritabilities and correlations influence the design of the programme: for example, the optimal number of daughters to progeny test per dairy sire or, more fundamentally, whether to adopt performance or progeny testing, whether to record food conversion efficiency or simply growth rate, and whether or not to collect records on some indicator trait such as blood urea nitrogen level. The estimates of parameters also influence the weightings given to different traits and to individuals and relatives' performance in breeding value estimation and selection. Methods for estimating parameters have become much more sophisticated as a result of advances in theory, particularly, restricted maximum likelihood (REML), in computer power, and in development of special computer programs.
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Swanson, G. J. T., and H. Joanne Bellamy. "A comparison between the actual progeny test of Friesian/Holstein bulls and indexes calculated from pedigree information." Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 1989): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003767.
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ABSTRACTTwo pedigree indexes were calculated for 754 Friesian/Holstein bulls born between 1974 and 1980 and tested by the Milk Marketing Board. Correlations between the indexes and the average progeny performance were used to compare the indexes calculated using information from different ancestors. The first index, or estimated predicted difference (EPD) was calculated as one-half the sire progeny test, known as an Improved Contemporary Comparison (ICC), plus one-quarter the maternal grandsire ICC. The second index or estimated ICC (EICC) was calculated from one-half the sire ICC plus one-half the dam cow genetic index (CGI). The correlations between the deregressed bull evaluations (DICC) and EPD, calculated from 310 bulls, were 0·40 for milk yield, 0·40 for fat yield and 0·39 for protein yield. The corresponding correlations between the DICC and EICC, calculated from 314 bulls, were 0·43, 0·40 and 0·41. The regression coefficients for predicting average progeny performance from the EPD index were 1·00 (s.e. 0·13), 0·97 (s.e. 0·12), 0·96 (s.e. 0·13), 1·09 (s.e. 0·12) and 1·08 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield, fat and protein percentage respectively. Those for predicting progeny performance from the EICC index were 0·95 (s.e. 0·11), 0·81 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·84 (s.e. 0·10) for milk, fat and protein yield respectively. Although the correlations were lower than the expected values of 0·50 (EPD) and 0·55 (EICC) the regressions were near the expected value of 1. The results indicate that the indexes are useful as a preliminary means of selecting bulls prior to progeny testing.
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Mardenli, Omar R. "The Progeny test of Friesian sires for milk traits by using the contemporary comparison method." Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): e747. http://dx.doi.org/10.24188/recia.v13.n1.2021.747.
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In this study, the contemporary comparison method (CC) of half-sibs relation was used to estimate the breeding values of Holstein-Friesian sires for 305 -day milk yield (305-DMY) and basic components of milk traits, 409 records of cows that are daughters of ten sires in eight Syrian dairy farms where used. Result of the study showed differences in the estimated breeding values(ccEBVs), where the E Sire achieved the highest value of 305-DMY trait (254.47 kg), while the B Sire achieved the highest value of milk protein percentage (MPP), milk fat percentage (MFP)and milk lactose percentage (MLP) traits (0.822 %, 0.857 %and 1.09% respectively). According to their sires, daughters of E Sire outperformed the counterparts in the 305-DMY (p = 0.001), MPP (p = 0.001) and MFP (p = 0.04) traits (5701.44 kg, 3.55%, and 3.88% respectively). According to source of farm, daughters in Farm 5 achieved the highest value of 305-DMY trait (p=0.04) and daughters in the seventh farm achieved the highest value of MPP trait (p=0.007), the values were 5403.48 kg and 3.54 % respectively. Values of heritability (h2) for the traits of 305-DMY, MPP, MFP and MLP were 0.33,0.54,0.43 and 0.47 respectively. Most of genetic and phenotypic correlations coefficients were approaching to zero except the genetic relation between MLP and MPP and phenotypic relation between MFP and MPP (0.88 and 0.84 respectively).
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Apiolaza, Luis A., Arthur R. Gilmour, and Dorian J. Garrick. "Variance modelling of longitudinal height data from a Pinus radiata progeny test." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-246.
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Variance components were estimated using alternative structures for the additive genetic covariance matrix (G0), for height (m) of trees measured at 10 unequally spaced ages in an open-pollinated progeny test. These structures reflected unstructured, autoregressive, banded correlation and random regressions models. The residual matrix (R0) was unstructured, and the block and plot strata matrices were autoregressive. The best model for G0 considering the likelihood value and number of parameters was the autoregressive correlation form with age-specific variances and time on a natural logarithm basis. The genetic correlation between successive measures ranged from 0.93 at age 1 to 0.99 at age 14 years. Heritability increased with age from 0.09 (age 1) to 0.24 (age 7) and then declined to 0.13 at age 15. Heritabilities from the unstructured model were similar, while heritabilities assuming banded correlations were lower after age 7. The covariance structure implicit in the random regressions model was considered unsatisfactory. Using structures in G0 facilitated model fitting and convergence of the likelihood maximisation algorithm. Fitting a structured matrix that reflects the relationships present in repeated measures may overcome problems of nonpositive definiteness of unstructured matrices from longitudinal data, especially when genetic variation is small.
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Weaver, Andrew R., Donald L. Wright, and Scott P. Greiner. "125 Utilization of Performance-tested and NSIP Sires Improved Progeny Performance and Value in Ram Test Program." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.082.
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Abstract Sire selection can have long-term impacts on flock performance. The objective here was to evaluate the effect of performance-tested and/or NSIP rams on progeny performance and value in a ram test program. Rams (Katahdin = 104, Dorper = 7, Texel = 3, Cheviot = 3) were delivered to the Southwest Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center (SWAREC) Ram Test on June 1. Ram pedigrees were obtained from consignors and rams were classified based on whether their sires were tested in a previous SWAREC Ram Test (TESTED), enrolled in the National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP), or neither TESTED nor NSIP (NEITHER). Some sires (16%) were previously tested and enrolled in NSIP. Rams were dewormed and rested for two weeks. On June 22, rams were given Haemonchus contortus larvae adjusted for body weight (average = 5000 L3). FAMACHA scores and fecal egg counts (FEC) were monitored every two weeks until August 31. Rams were dewormed based on FAMACHA ≥ 3. Select rams were sold at auction as breeding stock. Statistical analysis were performed using SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Rams requiring deworming had greater FAMACHA scores and FEC at all time points (P < 0.05), despite not requiring treatment until August 17 (5%) and August 31 (12%). In total, 17% of rams were dewormed. Of the dewormed rams, a smaller portion of rams sired by TESTED rams (10%) and NSIP rams (15%) required treatment compared to rams sired by NEITHER rams (85%; P < 0.05). Rams sired by TESTED and NSIP rams had a higher average value than those sired by NEITHER rams ($2070 and $1838, respectively, vs. $1078; P < 0.05). Selection of sires that are TESTED and/or NSIP resulted in progeny that had a lesser chance of requiring treatment and sold for greater value.
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Meuwissen, T. H. E. "A deterministic model for the optimization of dairy cattle breeding based on BLUP breeding value estimates." Animal Science 49, no. 2 (October 1989): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032311.
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ABSTRACTA deterministic model was developed to examine the optimization of open nucleus breeding schemes in order to maximize the rate of genetic response in dairy cattle. By changing the parameters, the model was able to simulate both a closed nucleus and a progeny testing scheme. The model implicitly optimized the generation interval and the selection across tiers by means of truncation across age classes and tiers respectively. The effects of size of the progeny test group and the nucleus size were assessed by comparing alternative plans. It is possible to optimize a breeding plan given the reproduction rates of the animals, the availability of different sources of information, the age distribution of the animals (survival rates) and the phenotypic and genetic parameters of the trait.The steady state selection response was assessed by calculating the genetic progress year after year until it stabilized. The genetic gain was corrected for the effects of reduced variances due to previous selections and increased variances due to genetic differences between parental age classes.In an example, the model was used to predict the improvement in milk yield in a closed artificial insemination breeding scheme. The genetic gain of a conventional progeny testing scheme was about one-third lower than the genetic gain of the optimized breeding plan. The variance reduction due to selection decreased the steady state genetic gain by a factor 0·3
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Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza, Mário Luiz Teixeira de Moraes, Marcelo de Almeida Silva, Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa, Adriano Tosoni da Eira Aguiar, and Reginaldo Brito da Costa. "Prediction of Hevea progeny performance in the presence of genotype-environment interaction." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000100004.
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Twenty two open-pollinated Hevea progenies from different parental clones of the Asian origin were tested at five sites in the Northwestern São Paulo State Brazil to investigate the progeny girth growth, rubber yield, bark thickness and plant height. Except for the rubber yield, the analysis of variance indicated highly significant (p<0.01) genotype x environment interaction and heterogeneity of regressions among the progenies. However, the regression stability analysis identified only a few interacting progenies which had regression coefficients significantly different from the expected value of one. The linear regressions of the progeny mean performance at each test on an environmental index (mean of all the progenies in each test) showed the general stability and adaptability of most selected Hevea progenies over the test environments. The few progenies which were responsive and high yielding on different test sites could be used to maximize the rubber cultivars productivity and to obtain the best use of the genetically improved stock under different environmental conditions.
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Lee, Yun-Mi, Chang-Gwon Dang, Mohammad Z. Alam, You-Sam Kim, Kwang-Hyeon Cho, Kyung-Do Park, and Jong-Joo Kim. "The effectiveness of genomic selection for milk production traits of Holstein dairy cattle." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 33, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0546.
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Objective: This study was conducted to test the efficiency of genomic selection for milk production traits in a Korean Holstein cattle population.Methods: A total of 506,481 milk production records from 293,855 animals (2,090 heads with single nucleotide polymorphism information) were used to estimate breeding value by single step best linear unbiased prediction.Results: The heritability estimates for milk, fat, and protein yields in the first parity were 0.28, 0.26, and 0.23, respectively. As the parity increased, the heritability decreased for all milk production traits. The estimated generation intervals of sire for the production of bulls (L<sub>SB</sub>) and that for the production of cows (L<sub>SC</sub>) were 7.9 and 8.1 years, respectively, and the estimated generation intervals of dams for the production of bulls (L<sub>DB</sub>) and cows (L<sub>DC</sub>) were 4.9 and 4.2 years, respectively. In the overall data set, the reliability of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) increased by 9% on average over that of estimated breeding value (EBV), and increased by 7% in cows with test records, about 4% in bulls with progeny records, and 13% in heifers without test records. The difference in the reliability between GEBV and EBV was especially significant for the data from young bulls, i.e. 17% on average for milk (39% vs 22%), fat (39% vs 22%), and protein (37% vs 22%) yields, respectively. When selected for the milk yield using GEBV, the genetic gain increased about 7.1% over the gain with the EBV in the cows with test records, and by 2.9% in bulls with progeny records, while the genetic gain increased by about 24.2% in heifers without test records and by 35% in young bulls without progeny records.Conclusion: More genetic gains can be expected through the use of GEBV than EBV, and genomic selection was more effective in the selection of young bulls and heifers without test records.
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Richardson, E. C., R. M. Herd, I. G. Colditz, J. A. Archer, and P. F. Arthur. "Blood cell profiles of steer progeny from parents selected for and against residual feed intake." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 7 (2002): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01098.
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This study examined whether a single generation of divergent selection for residual feed intake was accompanied by differences in red and white blood cell parameters that could assist in the early identification of animals likely to perform well in a test for residual feed intake. Two cohorts of steer progeny born in 1996 (n = 74) and 1998 (n = 120) of parents selected for low residual feed intake (high efficiency) and high residual feed intake (low efficiency) were used. The steers grazed on pasture before feedlot entry and subsequent feed intake test. Blood samples were collected from the 1998 born cattle at pasture the day before feedlot induction, and for all cattle, at the start, middle and end of their feed intake test. Statistically significant regressions between sire estimated breeding value for residual feed intake and white blood cell count, haemoglobin level, haematocrit and percentage monocytes measured on their progeny over a feed intake test were evidence for a genetic association between these blood parameters and residual feed intake. Of the cell parameters measured in the blood samples collected from cattle at pasture before feedlot entry, only white blood cell count (r = –0.20, P<0.05) and neutrophil count (r = –0.29, P<0.01) were correlated with steer residual feed intake in the feedlot, none (P>0.05) were correlated with sire estimated breeding value for residual feed intake. Cell parameters measured in the blood samples collected from cattle at the start of the feed intake test were not correlated (P>0.05) with steer residual feed intake in the feedlot or with sire estimated breeding value for residual feed intake. It is doubtful that blood parameters in a blood sample taken at pasture before feedlot entry or at the start of a feed intake test can be used to predict residual feed intake of individual steers or sire progeny groups in feed intake tests.
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Chainetr, W., P. Glodek, H. Brandt, B. Möllers, M. Henning, E. Kallweit, and K. Fischer. "Systematische Gebrauchskreuzung als Möglichkeit der Erhaltung vom Aussterben bedrohter Landschweinrassen." Archives Animal Breeding 45, no. 1 (October 10, 2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-45-35-2002.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Systematic crossbreeding as a tool to conserve endangered pig breeds Live conservation of purebred populations of old endangered pig breeds requires high financial subsidies because they are very inferior to actual commercial hybrids in overall economy. But subsidies may be considerably reduced if the endangered breeds can be integrated into regional crossbreeding schemes adapted to ecological production niches or designed for specific quality products. The aim of this study at the experimental station Relliehausen of Göttingen University was to compare the performance of two crossbred sows with the endangered breeds Saddleback (DS) and Bentheimer (BB) as dams sire (and LW/LR as dams dam) with commercial LW/LR-crossbred sows in their litter performance as well as meat production and quality traits of their progeny from the same PI(NN)- and (PI*HA)-terminal sires. 478 litters with 1,384 fattened and 1,037 carcass graded progeny of which about 600 underwent detailed carcass value and meat quality evaluations at a loin cross section and 48 with an additional sensoric test. Results show that in litter performance DS crossbred sows were comparable to LW/LR commercial sows but BB crossbred sows weaned 0.66 pigs less per litter. In FOM grading no significant differences were found between the three sow groups as well as between the two different terminal sires. This also applied for most meat quality traits but in intramuscular fat content unexpectedly the control pigs were the best and significantly superior to the BB-progeny. The typical highly significant quality differences due to the "Hampshire effect" were found between progeny of the (PI*HA)-boar as compared to PI-progeny. In a calculated overall economic value DS-progeny were 4–5 DM and BB-progeny about 8 DM per pig inferior to the commercial controls. These differences are only 1/5 to 1/10 of the purebred inferiority of the endangered breeds. These results should be confirmed by a field trial under more extensive conditions (e.g. outdoor sow- and ecological fattener management).
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Danu, Danu, Yulianti Bramasto, and Dede J. Sudrajat. "Growth and Genetic Parameters of Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) Progeny Test in Parungpanjang Forest Research Station, Bogor." Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2021.9.1.59-73.
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Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn., family Meliaceae) is a multipurpose forest tree species such as for furniture, vinier and plywood, otherwise the leaves for pesticide and medicine material. Mindi mostly cultivated in a community forest, especially in West Java. This study was aimed to assess the growth performance and genetic parameter of the progeny test of mindi at Parungpanjang Forest Research Station, Bogor, West Java. The progeny test was established by using a randomized complete block design, consisting of 6 blocks and 73 families and each family consisting of 4 trees row-plot. The survival at 7 years old was 57.48%, height was 7.15 m and diameter is 8.59 cm, in average. The height and diameter growths among families showed a significantly different. The best family growth in height and diameter were Sumedang-31 and Bogor-18 families, respectively.The individual and family heritabilities for both stem diameter and tree heght characters were stil relatively low, with the higher family heritability value than individual heritability. The genetic correlation between total height and stem diameter of 0.57 indicates a strong correlation between the traits.
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Islam, A. K. M. Aminul, F. M. Era, and N. K. Aminul Chowdhury. "Production of Restorer Lines from Segregating Progenies of Brassica napus L. Having Good Agronomic Value." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v8i4.31352.
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Forty four testcross progenies obtained from crossing between five CMS and forty one candidate lines were evaluated both in field and laboratory condition to identify candidate restorer line(s). Nineteen testcross progenies were recorded as fully fertile with 100% plant fertility by counting the number of fertile plants from the total number of plants per lines. On the other hand from pollen fertility test, 11 testcross progenies [206A × 001(6), 9905A × 030(2), 9905A × 027(6) (0.57), 206A × 37(1) (0.68), 9904A × 027(4) (0.83), 248A × 020(6) (1.08), 248A × 018 (1.12), 248A × 022 (1.13), 248A × 017 (1.58), 248A × 038(2) (1.96) and 248A × 001(6) (2.02)] were found with 0-2.02% pollen sterility that could be mentioned as fertile or restorer lines for making hybrids. Agronomic performances were also satisfactory for these selected test cross progenies. The genotype 248A × 017 took the shortest time (30.00) for first flowering as well as ripening followed by 248A × 007(1). The highest number of pods per plant was observed in the testcross progeny 248A × 022 (649.59) and the highest number of seeds per pod (30.33) in 248A × 020(6). For seed weight per plant, 206A × 001(6) was recorded with maximum value (0.08g) while the lowest (23.33) number of seeds per plant was found in this progeny. In case of seed yield per plant, 248A × 022 gave the highest yield (30.30). The seed yield of the progenies 248A × 017 (23.49), 9905A × 027(6) (20.39), 248A × 001(6) (17.26), 9904A × 027(4) (17.02) and 248A × 038(2) (16.53) were also in the highest level.
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Silva, Dandara Yasmim Bonfim de Oliveira, Séfora Gil Gomes de Farias, Rafael Tassinari Resende, Clarice Ribeiro Cardoso, Romário Bezerra e. Silva, and Evandro Vagner Tambarussi. "Genetic variability and <i>ex situ</i> conservation strategies for the neotropical tree <i>Parkia platycephala</i> Benth." Ciência Florestal 33, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): e64058. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509864058.
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Parkia platycephala, known commonly as faveira, is a native species that occurs widely throughout Brazil and has high nutritional value and ecological potential. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability in a P. platycephala provenance and progeny test. The test was established using a randomized block design, with 45 progenies from three provenances. The evaluated quantitative traits included height (HEI), diameter at ground level (DGL), and diameter below the first bifurcation (DFB). The data were submitted to Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP) analysis, from which estimates of genetic parameters, genetic correlations, BLUPs, genetic gains, and effective population size were obtained. Estimates of individual narrow sense heritability (h2a) and within progeny heritability (h2w) ranged from low to moderate (0.01 a 0.39), with the highest values observed for DGL (0.32 and 0.39, respectively). The coefficient of individual variation (CVgi(%)) and between progeny genetic variation (CVgp(%)) indicate the existence of genetic variability between and within provenances. The FST vaues demonstrate low to moderate genetic differentiation among the three populations, and genetic correlations between traits were all positive and significant. The results obtained show that there is genetic variability between the studied provenances and progenies. This ensures not only the ex situ conservation of the species, but it can also be exploited in breeding programs.
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Xu, Shizhong. "Theoretical Basis of the Beavis Effect." Genetics 165, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 2259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.4.2259.
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Abstract The core of statistical inference is based on both hypothesis testing and estimation. The use of inferential statistics for QTL identification thus includes estimation of genetic effects and statistical tests. Typically, QTL are reported only when the test statistics reach a predetermined critical value. Therefore, the estimated effects of detected QTL are actually sampled from a truncated distribution. As a result, the expectations of detected QTL effects are biased upward. In a simulation study, William D. Beavis showed that the average estimates of phenotypic variances associated with correctly identified QTL were greatly overestimated if only 100 progeny were evaluated, slightly overestimated if 500 progeny were evaluated, and fairly close to the actual magnitude when 1000 progeny were evaluated. This phenomenon has subsequently been called the Beavis effect. Understanding the theoretical basis of the Beavis effect will help interpret QTL mapping results and improve success of marker-assisted selection. This study provides a statistical explanation for the Beavis effect. The theoretical prediction agrees well with the observations reported in Beavis's original simulation study. Application of the theory to meta-analysis of QTL mapping is discussed.
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SINGH, UMESH, T. V. RAJA, ANUPAMA MUKHERJEE, SHIVE KUMAR, SIMARJEET KAUR, and S. S. DHAKA. "Genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle through associated herd progeny testing programme." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i3.122261.
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The breed improvement programme of Sahiwal cattle is implemented under AICRP on Cattle through associated herd progeny testing aiming for their conservation and propagation, and improvement in milk production. The production of frozen semen doses of genetically superior young bulls are being done at germplasm (GP) unit located at NDRI, Karnal and frozen semen doses of the bulls are supplied to all Sahiwal data recording (DR) units for test mating. During the last 11 years, 35 bulls in four sets have been inducted under the programme for test mating. First set of eight Sahiwal bulls were evaluated on the basis of 123 first lactation 305-days records of their daughters born during the period between 2011 and 2013 using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) method. The BLUP model included the Herd-year-season effect as fixed factor and sires as random factor. The overall average estimated breeding value (EBV) was 1957.76 kg and the values of bulls ranged between –16.84 (–0.86) to +31.98 (+1.63) kg. It was also recommended to use the frozen semen doses of two top ranked Sahiwal bulls for nominated mating for producing young male calves for increasing the milk production in subsequent generations. The results also revealed that the performance of Sahiwal cattle has improved over the years due to the implementation of the project, and continuous and sincere efforts are essential to propagate this valuable germplasm.
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Suseno, Ambar Dwi, Yossa Istiadi, and Sata Yoshida Srie Rahayu. "Prediction of expected genetic gain in progeny test of Samama [Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.] in West Seram District, Maluku Province, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v2i1.2862.
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The research objective is to find out genetic variation, estimated heritability value and the expected genetic gain of Samama [Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.] on variation in stem diameter and plant height as superior seed producers. The research was conducted in Uraur Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku Province. The trials consisted of 80 families. All of the trials were laid out in randomized complete block designs (RCBD), 4-trees plots with 4 replications (blocks) at spacing of 5m×2m. Data collection was carried out for 2 months (February to March 2020) and was focused on observing growth variations and genetic parameters in the progeny trial block at 4 years of age including plant height and diameter at breast height. The results of this study indicate that there are variations in growth, where the Anova test results show very significant differences in the plant height parameters namely Family (F = 3.417 p 0.01), Block (F = 437.465 p 0.01) and Family and Block Interactions (F = 3.351 p 0.01). The stem diameter parameters also showed very significant differences, namely Family (F = 2.785 p 0.01), Block (F = 353.095 p 0.01) and Family and Block Interaction (F = 2.611 p 0.01). The value of family heritability and individual heritability on plant height characters belonged to a high category with a family heritability value of 0.7213 and individual heritability value of 0.8811, while the stem diameter character for individual heritability was high with a value of 0.4406 but family heritability was moderate with value of 0.5204. The value of genetic correlation was high and positive and generally shows a greater value than the phenotypic correlation. Genetic correlation values ranged from 0.967 while phenotypic correlation values ranged from 0.8944. The highest selection priority was found in the height of the stem with a weight constant of 0.239. Predicted expected genetic gain was 3.0% for diameter parameter and 3.2% for height parameter.Objektif dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan variasi genetik, taksiran nilai heritabilitas serta peluang perolehan expected genetic gain tanaman Samama [Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.] pada variasi diameter dan tinggi pohon sebagai penghasil benih unggul. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Uraur Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Provinsi Maluku. Percobaan ini menggunakan 80 famili. Penelitian ini dibangun dengan desain randomized completely block design (RCBD), jarak tanam 5 x 2 m, 4 ulangan (blok) dan 4 treesplot. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 2 bulan (Februari sampai dengan bulan Maret 2020) memfokuskan pada pengamatan variasi pertumbuhan dan parameter genetik yang berada di blok uji keturunan pada umur 4 tahun meliputi tinggi dan diameter setinggi dada. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi pertumbuhan, dimana dari hasil uji Anova menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata pada parameter tinggi yaitu Famili (F=3,417 p0,01), Blok (F=437,465 p0,01) dan Interaksi Famili dan Blok (F=3,351 p0,01). Pada parameter diameter juga menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata yaitu Famili (F=2,785 p0,01), Blok (F=353,095 p0,01) dan Interaksi Famili dan Blok (F=2,611 p0,01). Nilai heritabilitas famili dan heritabilitas individu pada karakter tinggi tanaman memiliki kategori tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas famili 0,7213 dan nilai heritabilitas individu 0,8811, sedangkan pada karakter diameter tanaman untuk heritabilitas individu tergolong tinggi dengan nilai sebesar 0,4406 namun heritabilitas famili tergolong sedang dengan nilai 0,5204. Nilai korelasi genetik bernilai tinggi dan positif serta secara umum menunjukkan nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan korelasi fenotipik. Nilai korelasi genetik berkisar 0,967 sedangkan nilai korelasi fenotipiknya berkisar 0,8944. Prioritas seleksi tertinggi ditemukan pada tinggi batang dengan nilai konstanta bobot sebesar 0,239. Prediksi expected genetic gain diperoleh 3,0 % untuk parameter diameter dan 3,2 % untuk parameter tinggi.
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Hu, Jun, Guosheng Yang, Chutima Kranrod, Kazuki Iwaoka, Masahiro Hosoda, and Shinji Tokonami. "An Improved Passive CR-39-Based Direct 222Rn/220Rn Progeny Detector." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228569.
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An improved passive CR-39-based direct 222Rn/220Rn progeny detector with 3 detection channels was designed and tested in this study to measure and calculate equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC) of both 222Rn and 220Rn without the equilibrium factor. A theoretical model was established to calculate the EEC with optimization. Subsequently, an exposure experiment was carried out to test the performance of this detector, and we compared the chamber experiment and the theoretical model by estimating and measuring various parameters. The deposition flux of progeny derived from the prediction agreed well with the value measured in the exposure chamber. The energy-weighted net track density (NTD) measured by this detector is much more reliable to reflect the linear relation between NTD and time-integrated EEC. Since the detector is sensitive to the exposure environmental condition, it is recommended to apply the detector to measure the EEC after its calibration in a typical indoor environment.
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Mashudi, D. Setiadi, S. Pudjiono, M. Susanto, L. Baskorowati, R. L. Hendrati, and N. Hidayati. "Growth diversity, heritability, and genetic correlation of 4-years-old of Alstonia angustiloba progeny test in Wonogiri, Central Java." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 914, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/914/1/012015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Alstonia angustiloba is a local tree species that have potential for community forest plantation; therefore, it is important to provide improved seeds. This study aimed to determine the diversity of growth, estimate the value of heritability, and the genetic correlation of the 4-years-old A. angustiloba progeny test. Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors (population and family) were used in this study. In this study, families are nested in the population. The population factors consisted of 4 levels, and family factors consisted of 43 families. The analysis of variance showed that height and stem diameter growth were significantly different between populations and families at four years old. The best height and stem diameter growth at the population level was obtained from the Pendopo population, 4.45 m and 7.71 cm, respectively. At the family level, the best height growth was obtained from 9 families (4.46-5.06 m), and the best stem diameter growth was obtained from 11 families (7.48-8.72 cm). The estimated individual heritability value for height was 0.41, and stem diameter was 0.23. Estimated family heritability values were 0.66 for height and 0.50 for stem diameter. The genetic correlation between height and stem diameter was 0.97.
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Kernerová, N., J. Václavovský, V. Matoušek, and Z. Hanyková. "The use of performance test parameters for selection of gilts before their placement into breeding." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 6 (December 5, 2011): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3937-cjas.
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The objectives of the paper were to evaluate carcass value in reared gilts on the basis of carcass analysis during the station test of purebred progeny of pigs and ultrasonically with Sonomark-100 or Piglog-105 instruments in the framework of valid methodology for performance testing, and to verify a pos-sibility of prediction of backfat thickness and/or average daily weight gain since birth and lean meat content of gilts as the elements of objectification for the evaluation of their body condition. In total 54 gilts of two breeds were evaluated: the dam breed Czech Large White and the sire breed Czech Large White – sire line. Four-parameter Richards function was used for growth evaluation. The regression function y = 63.870 – 0.447 bt<sub>1</sub> – 0.510 bt<sub>2</sub> + 0.128 MLLT was applied in ultrasonic instruments for the calculation of lean meat content. We calculated linear regression functions for the conversion of performance testing parameters (gain from birth, average backfat thickness and lean meat content) from live weight on the day of measurement per live weight declared during selections in gilts.
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Kumar, Satish. "Correlation between clonal means and open-pollinated seedling progeny means and its implications for radiata pine breeding strategy." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 1968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-082.
Full textAbstract:
Open-pollinated (OP) offspring of individual genotypes are commonly used for estimating their breeding values in recurrent selection programmes. Alternatively, vegetative propagules of individual genotypes could also be used to evaluate their relative performance. However, the mean for the vegetative propagules of a genotype represents an estimate of its total genotypic value, and it may or may not be closely related to the general combining ability. The main objective of this study was to correlate the performance of a number of clones, propagated by fascicle cuttings in a clonal test, with the performance of their OP offspring, planted in a progeny test. The empirical correlations between performance of a genotype, given as the mean of its ramets, and performance of the genotypes's offspring, given as the mean of its OP progeny, were 0.56, 0.63, 0.81, and 0.09 for stem diameter, stem straightness scores, branch cluster frequency scores, and malformation scores, respectively. The theoretical expectations of these correlations were 0.55, 0.69, 0.81, and 0.24, respectively. The size of the correlation largely depended on the genetic control of the trait concerned. Implications of these results on the radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) breeding strategy were discussed.
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Sadono, Ronggo, and Meifrida Lasmaria Silalahi. "Penentuan Tingkat Kompetisi Tajuk Tegakan Jati Hasil Uji Keturunan Umur 11 Tahun di KPH Ngawi." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 4, no. 2 (January 18, 2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.1564.
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Determination of the Competition Level for Growing Space of Teak Canopy from 11-year- old Progeny Test in KPH NgawiThe increasing demand of teak wood should be followed by the increasing of teak forest productivity through intensive silviculture, especially growing space manipulation. The main objective of this research was to determine the growing space competition.The material was measurement data from eleven year progeny test located at the compartment 49a, RPH Sidowayah, BKPH Kedunggalar, KPH Ngawi. The growing space competition was calculated using Hegyi’s competition index. Superior trees were selected to determine competition zone of the subject tree and this result was proposed to calculate the competition index of all trees. Based on the correlation between competition index and tree height, vertical structure was then classified using k-means cluster.Based on 300 superior trees, the competition zone could be determined using reference angle of 66°. The competition index was vary in between 0.00 and 4.23 with average value of 1.18. The correlation between the index and the tree height was found to be low with r = -0.227. Based on this correlation, the vertical structure was classified into four level namely dominant, co-dominant, medium, and suppressed respectively.
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Jayusman, A. Fiani, S. Pudjiono, and L. Hakim. "Ex-situ conservation through selection and breeding: A Review On 15 Years Toona sinensis Roem. & Toona sureni Merr. base populations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 912, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/912/1/012034.
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Abstract The ex-situ conservation of Toona sinensis and Toona sureni or surian weren’t supported list threatened species threat but by reduction of huge trees and leaving only small trees that are identical with the reduction of their genetic potential. Genetic potential plays a crucial role within the development of basic and breeding populations. The existence of the 15-year ex-situ conservation plot requires evaluation for simpler management to extend conservation value. The conservation area has collected genetic material from 52 populations from various islands in Indonesia and the progeny test area by testing 100 families from 10 selected populations because the basic source for assembling selected genetic material to supply superior seeds. Currently, genetic material from surian ex-situ conservation has been wont to develop genetic tests that are converted into seed orchards. Limitations of ex-situ conservation include maintenance of genetic material in artificial habitats, decreased genetic diversity, depression of close relative mating, adaptation to climate stress, and the potential for accumulation of weak alleles.it’s many constraints in terms of personnel, costs, and reliance on electrical power sources. supported the challenges within the future, efforts are needed to revamp through the unification of ex-situ conservation and progeny test management to support breeding population development. Strengthening the ex-situ conservation value of T. sinensis & T. sureni can be optimalization through solving all identified challenges and strengthening long-term management.
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Nagano, K., J. Todoroki, M. Imamura, and C. Kubota. "68 GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND LACTATION IN SOMATIC CELL-CLONED HOLSTEIN COWS AND THEIR PROGENY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab68.
Full textAbstract:
We investigated the safety of somatic cell-cloned Holstein cows and the analogy (growth and milk performance) of the cloned cows and their progeny. Individually, the cloned cows were produced using the same fibroblasts of a Holstein cow as the donor cells. All cows were fed in accordance with NRC (1999) standards during the experimental period. Three cloned cows (clone group), their 3 progeny (progeny group), and 3 cows produced with artificial insemination (AI, control group) were reared under general group feeding. Viability, fertility, milk yield,and blood characteristics in clone, progeny, and control groups were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out by Student's t-test. The birth weight in the clone group (55.2 ± 6.3 kg (mean ± SD)) was heavier than that of the control group (44.8 ± 5.6 kg (P > 0.05)); it was also heavier than that of an upper limit (51.0 kg) and standard value (40.0 ± 5.8 kg) of Holstein heifers in Japan. However, no significant change in the amount of dry matter intake per kg body weight/day was observed between the clone group (0.97 ± 0.06 kg) and the control group (0.9 ± 0.02 kg). As to blood characteristics in the raising phase, the number of red blood cells in the clone group (684.8 ± 16.8 × 104 µL) was decreased slightly (P < 0.01) compared with that in the control group (823.3 ± 26.1 × 104 µL). However, there were no differences in other blood test items between clone and control groups. Furthermore, we found that there were no differences in estrous cycles and plasma progesterone concentrations between clone and control groups. All cloned and control cows that had been inseminated became pregnant and delivered normally. During the period from 21 days before expected date of confinement to 10 days after parturition, relative to the blood characteristics, the number of blood cells in the clone group (499.9 ± 77.5 × 104 µL) tended to be lower (P < 0.01), when compared to that in the control group (711.2 ± 39.9 × 104 µL); no differences were observed in plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations between clone and control groups throughout the measurement period. In the first lactation period, there were no differences in total amount of milk produced in the first 305 days of lactation, milk percentage, milk protein rate, and solids-not-fat between clone and control groups. The total amount of milk produced in the first 365 days in cloned cows was almost equal to that of the original cow who provided donor cells. In 3 progeny of the cloned cows, the average birth weight was not different from that in the control group and the standard growth value. In the raising period, there were no differences in changes of the weight and height of a body and of the dry matter intake per day, and in the blood characteristics between progeny and control groups. Conceivably, our results suggest that the cloned Holstein cows and their progeny have normal growth, reproductive, and lactation characteristics, although the birth weights of the cloned cows were larger than those of control cows.
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Klápště, J., M. Lstibůrek, and J. Kobliha. "Initial evaluation of half-sib progenies of Norway spruce using the best linear unbiased prediction." Journal of Forest Science 53, No. 2 (January 7, 2008): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2136-jfs.
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The present paper deals with data obtained from fifteen years old Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> [L.] Karst.) progeny test established at three sites in the Sázava River region. Parameter under the evaluation was a tree height in 15 years following the establishment of the trial. Genetic parameters were estimated using the REML (Restricted Maximum Likelihood) procedure followed by the BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction). Genetic parameters estimates were used to predict genetic gain in three alternative selection strategies. The value of gain depends on target value of gene diversity. 10−15% gain is due to selecting breeding population composed of 50 individuals. Based on these quantitative findings, current and future research orientation is discussed.
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Mercer, Juliane Rezende, Milena de Luna Alves Lima, Antonio Rioyei Higa, Chirlei Glienke, and Marina Isabel Mateus de Almeida. "Genetic Structure of a Loblolly Pine Breeding Population at Brazil." ISRN Forestry 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/747591.
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The genetic structure of a Brazilian loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) breeding population, represented by 120 open-pollinated families, was determined using Bayesian inference and genotypes of 15 microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) loci in 1,130 seedling progeny. The 120 maternal parents had been phenotypically selected about 15 years ago for wood volume in five different forestry plantations (FPs) in the south of Brazil. Additional selection for wood volume, based on a previous progeny test, was applied to the first best (i) and second best (ii) tree per block within each family. We adopted a procedure of “learning samples” to find the most likely number of inferred genetic clusters (K) or ancestral populations. The first hypothesis that was rejected was that the most probable value of K=5 was coincident with the five FPs, since the FPs were, a priori, assumed to be from 5 different backgrounds or origins. It was used the familiar structure of the population to infer the genotypes of maternal ancestors. It was concluded that the maternal generation is the most likely to have been planted by the mixture of three different seed sources or origins, that there are five genetic groups (K=5) in the population of progeny, and that they have been formed from the occurrence of assortative mating and also from a strong pressure in the selection within families. The trees with the best genetic value (i) maintained a higher genetic variability when compared to the trees of second best performance (ii), with higher values of heterozygosity and of numbers of maternal alleles that were kept the same. The migration model that best explains the results is the contact zone model. The population differentiation (FST) was 2-3 times higher in offspring than in relation to the maternal generation. The relevancy of the results and the way they were explored may be of value both for studies of population genetics, as for plant breeding programs, since they help monitoring the population's genetic variability during generations of selection.
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Rahajeng, S. M., A. N. Sugiharto, and T. Wardayati. "Colchicine-induced mutation for new line development of tropical maize (Zea mays L.)." Food Research 5, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).594.
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This research aimed to identify colchicine-induced tropical Yellow Corn characters and their potential in superior traits development. Single cross was applied to colchicine mutant line with tester line, INOAXM2 yellow and white seeds, to observe and test the characters enrichment of colchicine mutant, while pure line tester of sweet corn (OP-SBX) was used to observe the enhancement of germination and growth rate. Analysis of various quantitative data was determined using F test at the level of 5%, continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the level of 5%. Potential characters and its inheritance pattern were determined by a descriptive statistical approach. Overall, germination and growth test of mutant show significant improvement when mutant crossed with tester lines. According to qualitative characters analysis of mutant line and its single way, it is found that glum colour is influenced by the male parent (Paternal Effect), while seed colour is determined by the female (Maternal Effect). From mutant M1 to M4, quantitative mutant (INFM) characters showed significant differences between lines within one generation and revealed improvements in single cross progeny. Single cross between colchicine line and tester mutant (IONAXM2) presents significant differences in all cobs characters (cob length, number of seeds in a row, number of rows, cob dry weight, and weight of 100 seeds (g) and reveals higher value compared to other lines. Mid-parent heterosis of single cross progeny of mutants was high for cob dry weight, those were 202.38% and 166.67%. The chromosomes observation of pink and yellow seeds of colchicine mutants revealed the presence of diploid, triploid, and euploid chromosomes, which verify chromosomal changes inside colchicine mutant lines.
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Kolmodin, R., E. Strandberg, H. Jorjani, and B. Danell. "Selection in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction: response in environmental sensitivity." Animal Science 76, no. 3 (June 2003): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058604.
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AbstractThe effect of selection for high phenotypic value in the presence of a genotype by environment interaction (G ✕ E, i.e. genetic variation for environmental sensitivity) and an improving environment was studied in a simulation. Environmental sensitivity was evaluated by using reaction norms, which describe the phenotype expressed by a genotype as a function of the environment. Three types of reaction norms (linear, quadratic and sigmoid), and two selection schemes (mass selection and progeny test selection) were studied. Environmental sensitivity was measured as the weighted average of the absolute value of the first derivative of the reaction norm function. Results showed that environmental sensitivity increased in response to selection for high phenotypic value in the presence of G ✕ E and an improving environment when reaction norms were linear or quadratic. For sigmoid reaction norms, approximating threshold characters, environmental sensitivity increased within the environmental range encompassing the threshold. With mass selection and/or non-linear reaction norms, environmental sensitivity increased even without environmental change.
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Decker, Jared E., David J. Patterson, Brian Arisman, Troy N. Rowan, Jordan M. Thomas, Scott Brown, William R. Lamberson, et al. "101 National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) evaluates accuracy of genomic prediction in commercial Angus cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.173.
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Abstract One of the goals of the National Center of Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) is to demonstrate in real-world settings the potential of new technologies. To this end, we evaluated the predictive ability of the Zoetis GeneMax Advantage genomic prediction. The GeneMax Advantage test analyzes tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to predict the genetic potential of a commercial Angus female. Genetic predictions are provided for Calving Ease Maternal, Weaning Weight, Heifer Pregnancy, Milk, Mature Weight, Dry Matter Intake, Carcass Weight, Marbling, and Yield. Indices of economically important traits are estimated on an index score (1–100 scale) and are reported in three indices; Cow Advantage Index, Feeder Advantage Index, and Total Advantage Index. Producers can use the scores and indices to make selection, culling, and mating decisions. To measure the accuracy of the trait predictions, data from commercial Angus females and their progeny at the University of Missouri Thompson Research Center was utilized to analyze Weaning Weight, Milk, Marbling, Fat Thickness, Ribeye Area and Carcass Weight. Progeny phenotypic data was matched to the respective dam, and the genomic predictions were then compared to the phenotypic data using correlation and linear models in R software. Linear models accounted for differences in sex, birth year, and the random effect of sire. Interestingly, all genomic predictions had correlations with progeny phenotypes that were significantly different from zero (P-value < 0.05). Likewise in the linear models, genomic predictions for all analyzed traits were significantly associated with calf performance (Table 1). Academics, farmers and ranchers, and extension professionals can trust the effectiveness of GeneMax Advantage genomic predictions in commercial Angus cattle.
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Kijas, J. M. H., J. C. S. Fowler, and M. R. Thomas. "An evaluation of sequence tagged microsatellite site markers for genetic analysis within Citrus and related species." Genome 38, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-045.
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Microsatellites, also called sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMSs), have become important markers for genome analysis but are currently little studied in plants. To assess the value of STMSs for analysis within the Citrus plant species, two example STMSs were isolated from an intergeneric cross between rangpur lime (Citrus × limonia Osbeck) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.). Unique flanking primers were constructed for polymerase chain reaction amplification both within the test cross and across a broad range of citrus and related species. Both loci showed length variation between test cross parents with alleles segregating in a Mendelian fashion to progeny. Amplification across species showed the STMS flanking primers to be conserved in every genome tested. The traits of polymorphism, inheritance, and conservation across species mean that STMS markers are ideal for genome mapping within Citrus, which contains high levels of genetic variability.Key words: citrus, microsatellites, sequence-tagged site, STS.
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Dunkelberger, J. R., P. K. Mathur, M. S. Lopes, E. F. Knol, and J. C. M. Dekkers. "A major gene for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is not unfavorably associated with overall performance under nonchallenging conditions in commercial pig lines." Journal of Animal Science 95, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 2838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2017.1524.
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ABSTRACT A QTL for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was identified in a previous study. The SNP WUR10000125 (WUR) is used as a tag SNP for this QTL. The favorable (B) allele at this SNP is in low frequency in commercial populations, possibly because this allele is unfavorably associated with an important trait under nonchallenging conditions and, therefore, may have been selected against. Therefore, objectives of this study were to estimate the effect of WUR on traits under selection in commercial lines under nonchallenging conditions and to estimate the effect of WUR genotype of parents on performance of crossbred progeny in a commercial-like environment. Data were collected on 4 purebred lines: a Landrace dam line (D1), a Large White dam line (D2), a synthetic sire line (S1), and a Pietrain sire line (S2). Traits analyzed included total number born, number stillborn, farrowing survival, lactation survival, litter mortality, daily feed intake (DFI), backfat, average test daily gain (TGR), average lifetime daily gain (LGR), and Topigs Norsvin selection index (TSI) value, indicative of overall economic value. Deregressed EBV were calculated for each trait (except TSI) and analyzed within line. In the S1 line, AB and BB pigs had significantly lower TGR (P = 0.002) and LGR (P = 0.001) than AA pigs but also lower DFI (P = 0.004). Conversely, AB and BB pigs had significantly higher DFI (P < 0.001) and AB pigs had significantly higher TGR (P = 0.03) than AA pigs in the S2 line. The effect of WUR on TSI was not significant for any line (P ≥ 0.15). Analyses of phenotypic records collected on crossbred progeny of S1 sires and D1 × D2 F1 females showed no significant effect of parent WUR genotype on DFI, backfat, TGR, or LGR (P ≥ 0.07). In conclusion, the effect of WUR was nonsignificant for most traits but the magnitude and direction of the effect differed by trait and by line. The favorable allele for host response to PRRS was associated with greater DFI and a tendency for greater TGR in the S2 line, but the opposite direction of effect was detected for the S1 line. Regardless of the effect on individual traits, no significant effect of WUR on TSI was detected for any line. Therefore, selecting for the B allele is expected to result in progeny with increased resistance to PRRS without compromising overall economic value under normal, nonchallenging conditions.
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Elisa, Cristabel, Syamad Ramayana, and Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah. "Studi Pola Segregasi Karakter Morfologi – Agronomi Tanaman Padi Hasil Persilangan Kultivar Pandan Ungu x Roti Pada F2." Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35941/jatl.1.2.2019.1968.88-92.
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Abstract. The efforts to increase rice production at East Borneo apart from the improvement of cultivation systems also could be done by using superior variety. Hybridization of rice plants has been done between the female local variety Pandan Ungu and the male local variety Roti. The research toward F2 progeny to find out the segregation patterns of inheritance of the characters number of tillers, plant height, stem leaves color, and palea-lemma color has been done at the paddy field at Desa Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Anggana, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara since October 2016 until March 2017. The F2 identification method that was used is single plant selection methods, based on Standard Evaluation Systems (SES) for Rice. Suitability test between observed value and expected value used Chi-square test, and to see the characters segregation pattern ratio used Mendelian genetics analysis. The inheritance character of stem leaves color was managed by two pairs of genes followed segregation ratio 9:6:1 with the action epistatic genes with cumulative effect, the inheritance of palea-lemma character was managed by two pairs of genes followed Mendelian ratio 13:3 with the action epistatic dominant-recessive, while the characters plant height and number of tillers was managed by polygenes so the inheritance patterns was not following Mendelian ratio.
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M. F. Amin, G. Ciptadi, and V. M. A. Nurgiartiningsih. "Estimasi Nilai Heritabilitas Lingkar Dada dan Panjang Badan pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah di BPTU dan HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 9, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.9.3.163-167.
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Evaluation in standardization really needs to be carried out, including whether the livestock is in accordance with the SNI vital statistics standard (Indonesian national standard). The purpose of the study was to estimate heritability and breeding values of body weight and vital statistics in Etawah Grade (PE) goats in BPTU and HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan. The material used were the performance records of 220 PE goats, offsprings of 35 males and 71 females. The variables measured were body length and chest girth at birth, weaning, and 1 year of age. Variance componenet were analyzed using variance analysisrade. Heritability was estimated using the paternal half-sib correlation method by applying SPSS software. Breeding value was estimated using the progeny test model. The highest breeding value on body length at birth, at weaning age and at 1 year of age were sire 3315 KK, sire 4093 OK, and sire 4007 OK, respectively. The highest breeding Value on chest girth at birth, weaning age and 1 year of age were sire 3983 HH, 3315 HH, and 3971 HH. The conclusion of this study were the heritability for body weight were categorized high and for statistic vital were varied from medium to high value.
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Shaw, Douglas V. "Response to Selection and Associated Changes in Genetic Variance for Soluble Solids and Titratable Acids Contents in Strawberries." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 5 (September 1990): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.5.839.
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Parental potential, or breeding value, was evaluated for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) genotypes selected for high, intermediate, or low phenotypic expression of soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid content (TA). Progeny means and genetic variance parameters were estimated using seedlings from 40 crosses among these selections, conducted in two factorial sets. Selection response for breeding value was detected for SSC in the upward direction and for TA in both upward and downward directions. Populations created by divergent selection of parents followed by intermating expressed additive genetic variances 2.3 and 9.3 times larger than those estimated for appropriate controls for SSC and TA, respectively. For TA, the response to selection for breeding value was consistent with results for genotypic selection reported earlier. The significant selection response in breeding value obtained for SSC differed from the results of previous clonal tests that had detected no significant genotypic selection response. These results, together with previous assessments, suggest that cumulative genetic gain can be obtained for both SSC and TA. However, gain for SSC will be contingent on selection under conditions that approximate commercial treatment; this will not be necessary for TA, as expression for this trait is stable across test location and cultural treatments.
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TRIVEDI, K. R., N. G. NAYEE, S. SAHA, S. G. GAJJAR, G. KISHORE, M. NAMJOSHI, A. SUDHAKAR, and R. O. GUPTA. "Genetic improvement of cattle and buffaloes in smallholder production systems in India." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 9 (January 12, 2021): 1270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109487.
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Cattle and buffaloes have been supporting livelihoods of a large number of poor farmers in India. Eighty-five percent of 63 million dairy households are smallholder having less than three animals. The country has 191 million cattle and 105 million buffaloes and 37 distinct cattle and 13 buffalo breeds. During 2017–18, the country produced 115 million semen doses and carried out 100 million inseminations, but efforts towards genetic improvement were negligible prior to the launching of National Dairy Plan (NDP) by National Dairy Development Board in 2012. Under NDP, 13 progeny testing (PT) and 10 two-tier nucleus schemes (referred to as Pedigree Selection (PS)) have been initiated. This paper describes the experiences of implementing these programs. During the period between 2012 and 2018, the PT programs together have completed test mating of about 2,000 bulls and built the infrastructure to test annually more than 400 bulls and evaluate them for various traits with 70–100 daughter records per bull. Breeding values are estimated every six months. The PT and PS programs together have supplied 1,720 young bulls, replacing about 40% of the AI bulls in the country. The key learning of implementing PT and PS includes: implementing a classical PT program is not feasible under Indian conditions; producing young males using progeny tested semen and selecting them based on their breeding value is feasible; introduction of genomic selection is very relevant; unravelling environmental effects from genetics under the smallholder production system is the key challenge; developing an appropriate information system is the key to success; evolving right institutional arrangement is very important, and genetic improvement has to be treated as a public good and programs need to be publicly funded at least for the initial 15 years.
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Hilgenstock, F., H. Hamann, E. Rosenberger, K. U. Götz, and O. Distl. "Analyse von Gesundheitsmerkmalen in verschiedenen Prüfabschnitten des Nachkommentests auf Station bei Deutschen Fleckviehbullen." Archives Animal Breeding 49, no. 3 (October 10, 2006): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-49-222-2006.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Analysis of health traits in different lifetime classes in stationary progeny tested German Fleckvieh bulls The objective of this study was to analyse systematic environmental and genetic effects on the incidence and number of treatments due to bronchopneumonia and other diseases for five different age groups in German Fleckvieh bulls. The data set contained 1775 male calves kept under identical housing and management conditions from the age of about 25–50 days to 450 days for a stationary progeny test in growth and carcass traits. The age groups distinguished were from day 10–75 (1), 76–100 (2), 101–150 (3), 151–200 (4) and > 200 (5) of age. Fixed environmental effects tested for significance in generalized or general linear models were barn at entry, age at entry, region of origin, season of entry, diagnosis of bronchopneumonia at entry, test group within year of entry and weight at entry. Heritabilities were estimated in linear multivariate animal models using Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML). The multivariately estimated heritabilities for the incidence of bronchopneumonia were between h2 = 0.22 (first age group) and h2 = 0.07 (fourth age group). The DEMPSTER and LERNER (1950) transformation resulted in estimates of h2 = 0.34 for the first and h2 = 0.13 for the fourth age group. The additive genetic correlations varied from rg = −0.76 (2nd–5th age group) to rg = 0.78 (1st–3rd age group). The lowest value of the residual correlation was re= −0.05 (1st–4th age group) and the highest value was re = 0.16 (4th–5th age group). The multivariately estimated heritabilities for the number of treatments due to bronchopneumonia were highest in the first age group with h2 = 0.29 and lowest in the fourth age group with h2 = 0.08. The additive genetic correlations ranged between rg = 0.64 (1st –3rd age group) and rg = −0.33 (2nd–5th age group). The residual correlations were between re = −0.11 (1st–3rd age group) and re = 0.33 (4th–5th age group). Genetic differences among animals in resistance to bronchopneumonia are expressed most clearly in the lifetime period between day 40 and 150.
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Pinto dos Santos, Aline, Andrei Caíque Pires Nunes, Marlon dos Santos Pereira Birindiba Garuzzo, Ronan Xavier Corrêa, and Felipe Garbelini Marques. "Genetic variability and predicted gain in progeny tests of native Atlantic Forest timber species: Cariniana legalis, Cordia trichotoma, and Zeyheria tuberculosa." Annals of Forest Research 65, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15287/afr.2022.2160.
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Over the years, the Atlantic Forest has been one of the biomes most affected by fragmentation and despite the scarcity of studies related to their genetic and breeding aspects, native Atlantic Forest species can provide various high-quality timber products. In this context, the objectives of this work were to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic gain with selection of provenance/progeny tests of Cordia trichotoma, Zeyheria tuberculosa, and Cariniana legalis, for diameter at breast height (DBH) and survival rate. Seed trees from different provenances were selected and measured, and their seeds were collected and tested in the areas of Porto Seguro - Bahia state, Brazil. All test individuals were evaluated for DBH (cm) survival rate (%) and stem straightness. The variance components and genetic parameters were estimated for DBH and survival rate. The narrow-sense individual heritability (h2i) for DBH of the three species ranged from 0.26 to 0.72, showing moderate to high genetic control. However, based on the likelihood ratio test (LRT) there is no genetic variability among genotypes of Z. tuberculosa. For survival rate, high genetic control (0.54) was observed only for C. trichotoma, while for C. legalis and Z. tuberculosa h2i value was 0.11 and 0.0, respectively. After genetic parameter analyses, the expected genetic gains were estimated for seed trees, potential genitors and potential clones. For seed trees, gains based on the additive genetic values (u+a) for DBH by selecting the top 10 individuals of each species per family ranged between 17.17 and 30.31%. In the case of potential genitors, by selecting the top ten individuals based on u + a value, are expected gains between 19.17 and 49.65%. The ranking of the top ten potential clones based on genotypic values (u +g) for each species showed gains between 32.43 and 56.53%. Conducting genetic breeding for C. trichotoma and C. legalis presents high potential of genetic gains and efforts should be taken into account for supporting breeding strategies for those species. In the case of Z. tuberculosa, the absence of genetic variability seems to be a result of the Atlantic Forest deforestation and genetic basis narrowing.
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Foulley, J. L. "Prediction of selection response for threshold dichotomous traits." Genetics 132, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 1187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.4.1187.
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Abstract This paper presents a formula to predict expected response to one generation of truncation selection for a dichotomous trait under polygenic additive inheritance. The derivation relies on the threshold liability concept and on the normality assumption of the joint distribution of additive genetic values and their predictors used as selection criteria. This formula accounts for asymmetry of response when both the prevalence of the trait and the selection rate differ from 1/2 via a bivariate normal integral term. The relationship with the classical formula R = iota rho sigma G is explained with a Taylor expansion about a zero value of the correlation factor. Properties are illustrated with an example of sire selection based on progeny test performance which shows a departure from usual predictions up to 15-20% at low (0.05) or high (0.95) selection rates. Univariate approximations and extensions to several paths of genetic change are also discussed.
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Hashemi, Mona, Cyrus Amirinia, Mohammad Taher Harkinezhad, Mohammad Hossein Banabazi, Arash Javanmard, and Fateme Amiri. "Validation of Pedigree Relationships Using a Multiplex Microsatellite Marker Assay in Iranian Holstein Cattle / Walidacja rodowodów irańskiego bydła holsztyńskiego przy użyciu analizy multipleks markerów mikrosatelitarnych." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0042.
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Abstract In the present study, the pedigree and genotype data of 94 individuals were examined for accuracy of parentage allocations and identity test using 12 fluorescent-labelled microsatellite markers in a highly sensitive and accurate ABI system. The panel of 12 markers showed mean PIC value of 0.71 and Shannon index of 1.65 and 7.58 alleles per locus, which suggests that these markers are highly polymorphic and could be useful for parentage control. Based on scoring allele sizes, a total of 91 alleles were observed within the studied population. The highest and lowest number of alleles was observed for TGLA227 locus and TGLA126 and BM1818 loci, respectively. The pedigree was considered incorrect in seven (35%) out of all the evaluated progeny, as their genotype did not match their parents. Combined EP value obtained for all loci in both parentage and identification analysis was 0.99, which indicates the high efficiency of the studied marker set and the accuracy of genotyping in ABI systems. Finally, the present findings confirmed the importance of surveying the pedigree structure and efficiency of 12 fluorescent-labelled microsatellite markers in a single multiplex PCR for parentage testing in the sampled Holstein cattle population.
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Xiang, Bin, and Bailian Li. "A new mixed analytical method for genetic analysis of diallel data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 2252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-154.
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Diallel is a popular mating design used for crop and tree breeding programs, but its unique feature of a single observation with two levels of the same main effect, general combining ability (GCA), makes it difficult to analyze with standard statistical programs. A new approach using the SAS PROC MIXED is developed in this study for analyzing genetic data from diallel mating. Dummy variables for GCA effects were first constructed with SAS PROC IML, then PROC MIXED procedure was used to estimate variance components and to obtain BLUE (best linear unbiased estimators) of fixed effects and BLUP (best linear unbiased predictors) of random genetic effects (GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) effects) simultaneously. The new method can also be used for predicting individual breeding values with BLUP methodology, applying SAS IML to the outputs provided by PROC MIXED to calculate breeding value for each individual in the progeny test, adjusted for the fixed effects such as test location. The accurate BLUP prediction, the ability to estimate individual breeding values, and the ease of use would make this new method especially attractive for analyzing tree breeding data.
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Sluder, Earl R. "Two-Stage Selection in Slash Pine Produces Good Gains in Fusiform Rust Resistance." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/20.3.143.
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Abstract The best 6 of 21 progeny-tested first-generation slash pine selections were crossed in a half diallel to study inheritance patterns of their superior fusiform rust resistance (5 trees) and height (1 tree). Their six first-test progenies were duplicated and included in the study. These two groups of progenies, along with two commercial check lots, were planted on an Upper Coastal Plain and a Flatwoods site in Georgia. At age 10 yr, the 15 progenies in the half diallel averaged 23% rust-infected compared with 54% for the check lots. First-test progenies averaged 30% infected. For percentage infection, the six parents differed in general combining ability (GCA) (0.01 > P > 0.001) on both test sites and in specific combining ability (0.05 > P > 0.01) on one site. GCA variation for height was significant (0.05 > P > 0.01) on one site. The parent selected for height had the highest breeding value for height at age 10 yr. These results show that resistance to the fusiform rust disease, a serious problem in management of the species, can be improved in slash pine. These 6 parents and their 15 progenies in the half-diallel cross are a good source of rust resistance genes for use in slash pine improvement programs. South. J. Appl. For. 20(3):143-147.
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Tanabe, Jun, Ryota Endo, Satoru Kuroda, Futoshi Ishiguri, Tomohiro Narisawa, and Yuya Takashima. "Variance components and parent–offspring cor- relations of growth traits vary among the initial planting spacings in Zelkova serrata." Silvae Genetica 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sg-2019-0008.
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Abstract Variance components of tree height (HT) and stem diameter at 1.3 m above the ground (DBH) were investigated for the eight open-pollinated families of Zelkova serrata (Thumb.) Makino planted with three different initial planting spacings in a progeny test site, Chiba, Japan. Parent–offspring correlations were also evaluated by using these families and their mother trees. The smallest values of HT and DBH were observed in the narrowest initial planting spacing (1.10 x 1.10 m) compared to those in medium (1.30 x 1.36 m) and wide (2.00 x 1.80 m) spacings, suggesting that adverse effects of competition with neighboring trees occurred on both height and radial growth. Similar to HT and DBH, the initial planting spacings also affected the genetic parameter estimates: the ratio of family variance component to total phenotypic variance showed the highest value in narrow initial planting spacing for both HT and DBH. Thus, family variance component might include competition effects, leading to biased genetic parameter estimates. In contrast, parent–offspring correlation coefficients showed the highest value in wide initial planting spacing where competition effect might be smaller. Therefore, the growth traits of Z. serrata might be inherited from the parent to the offspring when competition effect was small.
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Reis Filho, João Cruz, Paulo Sávio Lopes, Rui da Silva Verneque, Robledo de Almeida Torres, Roberto Luiz Teodoro, and Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro. "Population structure of Brazilian Gyr dairy cattle." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 12 (December 2010): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001200012.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic structure of Gyr cattle selected for milk production. Files of pedigree and production were composed of 27,610 animals. The ENDOG program was used for the calculation of individual inbreeding coefficient (F) and coefficient of average relatedness (AR), effective number of animals(Ne), effective number of founders (f e) and ancestors (f a), and generation interval (GI). Individual inbreeding coefficients and average relatedness in the population were 2.82% and 2.10%, respectively. It was observed a reduction in the effective number of animals, especially after publication of the results of the first progeny test. The estimated effective number of founders was 146 and 75 for the ancestrals. Out of those, only 28 ancestors accounted for the origin of 50% of the population genes. The average generation interval was 8.41 years and it was longer for males than for females. For maintaining genetic variability in future generations, it should be invested mating strategies that reduce inbreeding and which do not use massively only some high breeding value sires.
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Raevsky, Boris V., and Alexey A. Ilinov. "Genetic Evaluation by Microsatellite Loci of Pinus sylvestris L. Plus Trees." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 2 (June 10, 2023): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-48-68.
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In this study, a comparative analysis was performed to estimate the genetic diversity levels of Pinus sylvestris L. in 49 seed orchards of I generation and progeny test plantings using 4-nucleus microsatellite loci. The seed orchards are located in the Petrozavodsk and Zaonezhye regions of the Republic of Karelia. The progeny trials were created by half-sibling seed progenies of the clones in the Petrozavodsk seed orchard. Micro-Checker software was used to identify null alleles and exclude genotyping errors. Coefficients of genetic originality were determined by examining the genetic structure of breeding objects in relation to the proportion between the rare and the dominant alleles for each selected tree. A major part of the rarest alleles (27.3–37.0 %) and a small fraction of the most common alleles (3.3–14.8 %) were detected for the distinct range of the pine trees in both seed orchards and test cultures. The largest number (40) of all identified alleles (51) was found in the Petrozavodsk seed orchard. The Hardy-Weinberg test comparing allele rates to expectational values showed a lack of heterozygotes in each category of the empirical substances. The selected material also had high levels of allelic and genetic diversity. The average number of alleles per locus ranged from 7.75 to 10.50. The average effective number was from 5.00 to 6.54. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.60 to 0.70. The expected heterozygosity was 0.63–0.71. The numerical deviations were statistically insignificant. The AMOVA molecular dispersion result was 5 %, indicating the absence of significant genetic differentiation between the breeding objects. The heterozygote deficiency was caused not only by the presence of null alleles, but also by the selection. Namely, the set of alleles in the experimental material, randomly selected from a limited number of genotypes (clones), may differ from the natural population. The high level of the rarest alleles in the given range of the pine trees can also be explained as a selection effect. The results obtained in this study are important for creating breeding objects with higher genetic value. For citation: Ilinov A.A., Raevsky B.V. Genetic Evaluation by Microsatellite Loci of Pinus sylvestris L. Plus Trees. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 48–68. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-48-68
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Daryanto, A., M. Syukur, Sobir, A. Maharijaya, and P. Hidayat. "Chili pepper genotypes assay approach for resistance to Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 53, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.15.
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The cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), is one of the most devastating insect pests for chili pepper that damages the crop and transmits several viruses. Thus far, there is no commercial chili cultivar with effective resistance to cotton aphids (CA). The present study aimed to develop a reliable and practical screening protocol in chili peppers for aphids resistance in the tropical areas. Three no-choice test methods i.e., seedling cage, detached leaf, and clip cage tests have been developed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in a greenhouse at the Gunung Putri, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Seven chili pepper genotypes belong to the species Capsicum annuum L. provided by the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia were used in this study. Chili pepper resistance to aphids was observed through the number of aphids progeny, and aphids fecundity among the genotypes. Two chili genotypes consistently showed low infestation while other genotypes showed the highest infestation with three screening methods. All the methods have a high heritability value (90%–91%), indicating that the evaluated chili genotypes could be used to determine effective screening methods. The correlation between the detached leaf and clip cage tests was significant (r = 0.84, P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the clip cage test could be used as a reliable and practical screening test for the assay of chili peppers resistance to CA infestation. These information will be helpful in the development of aphid resistant cultivars in the future.
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Shetty, Vinaya, Deepak Sanil, and N. J. Shetty. "Inheritance Pattern of Temephos Resistance, an Organophosphate Insecticide, in Aedes aegypti (L.)." Genetics Research International 2015 (March 16, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/181872.
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The present paper reports the mode of inheritance of resistance in laboratory induced temephos resistant and susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti. Homozygous resistant and susceptible strains of Ae. aegypti were generated by selective inbreeding at a diagnostic dose of 0.02 mg/L of temephos. Genetic crosses were carried out between these strains to determine the inheritance pattern of temephos resistance. The log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (D) were calculated. The dosage-mortality (d-m) line of the F1 generation was nearer to the resistant parent than the susceptible one. The “D” value was calculated as 0.15 indicating that the temephos resistant gene is incompletely dominant. The d-m lines of the F2 generation and progeny from the backcross exhibited clear plateaus of mortality across a range of doses indicating that temephos resistance is controlled by a single gene. Comparison of the mortality data with the theoretical expectations using the χ2 test revealed no significant difference, confirming a monogenic pattern of inheritance. In conclusion, the study provides evidence that the temephos resistance in Ae. aegypti follows an incompletely dominant and monogenic mode of inheritance.
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Stojakovic, Milisav, Goran Bekavac, and Nenad Vasic. "B73 and related inbred lines in maize breeding." Genetika 37, no. 3 (2005): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0503245s.
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Inbred lines B73 and Mol7 or some versions thereof are the most commonly used parental pair in the development of medium late and late maize hybrids in Serbia and Montenegro. Because of the ever-increasing importance of line B73 in maize hybrid production, we chose several B73-type lines and a few unrelated lines and crossed them. Using the pedigree method, progenies were developed up to the S6 generation. The grain yield potential of test crosses with Mo 17 inbred tester, as well as ear length, number of grain rows per ear and 1,000-grain mass of lines per-se were tested. Among the new inbred lines related to B73, line 260277/2 distinguished itself by a high potential for grain yield when crossed with Mo 17. Inbred lines 260465/1, 260362/1, 260747/4, 260357/13, 260151/2 and 260156/2 had a significantly longer ear than the mean value of all progenies. Compared with progeny mean, lines 260341/7, 260317/4, 260277/2 and 260187/2 had significantly more grain rows per ear, while 260362/1, 260130/5, 260277/2, 260151/2 and 260187/2 had a significantly larger 1,000-grain mass.
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Islam, Syaiful, Cik Aluyah, Endang Sosilawati, Imam Muslimin, and Agus Sofyan. "EVALUASI PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN UJI KETURUNAN TEMBESU (Fagraea fragrans ROXB) UMUR 3 TAHUN DI KHDTK KEMAMPO KABUPATEN BANYUASIN." ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis 6, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32522/ujht.v6i1.6963.
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Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb) is a local superior plant species in South Sumatra. The lots of use has resulted in a decrease in the potential of these plants in natural forests. The length for recycling of tembesu plants is problem in the cultivation of it. One of the ways to overcome this problem is by plant breeding. This study aimed to determine plant growth and genetic variation of 3 years old tembesu (Fagraea Fragrans ROXB) in KHDTK Kemampo, Kabupaten Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province. This study uses Incomplete Block Design with rows and columns, 55 families, 20 replications. The results showed that Provenan had no significant effect on all observed variables, while plant family had a very significant effect on plant height and stem diameter and significantly affected for tree volume. The highest average plant is found in family 20 is 4.79 m, the largest average diameter is found in family 35 is 7.02 cm, the largest average volume is found in family 35 is 0.0177 m3. For genetic parameters, the value of individual heritability was at a high level of 0.37 for plant height, and was at a moderate level for trunk diameter and tree volume, while the value of family heritability was at a high level of 0.65 for plant height variables and was at low levels for trunk diameter and tree volume. the genetic correlation between height and stem diameter has a high value, which is 0.67. Estimated genetic gain at the 5% selection level shows a fairly high value, namely 7.84% for plant height, 4.51% for stem diameter, and 36.62 for tree volume. Key words: Tembesu plant (Fagraea fragrans ROXB) 3 years old, progeny test, growth, genetic variation, evaluation