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Academic literature on the topic 'Progéniteurs des neurones granulaires'
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Journal articles on the topic "Progéniteurs des neurones granulaires"
Ricquebourg, Rebekah, and Nikolaos Konstantinides. "Un mécanisme temporel pour la génération de la diversité neuronale." médecine/sciences 40, no. 3 (March 2024): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2024012.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Progéniteurs des neurones granulaires"
Bou-Rouphaël, Johnny. "A new role for Barhl1 in a cerebellar germinative zone as inhibitor of T-cell factors transcriptional activity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS009.
Full textThe human cerebellum hosts more than 50% of all brain neurons. Cerebellar granule neurons are the smallest and most abundant neurons. atonal homologue 1 (Atoh1)-expressing granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) emerge from the upper rhombic lip (URL), a germinative zone located in the cerebellar primordium and displaying features of a niche of neural stem cells. GNPs proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to settle into the internal granule layer. These processes are tightly regulated by a number of transcription factors and signaling pathways. T-Cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer-binding Factor (Tcf/Lef) are transcriptional effectors acting downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Tcf is transcriptionally active in the URL, neither its function(s) nor its developmental regulator(s) have been addressed in this area. The transcription factor BarH-like 1 (Barhl1) is expressed in committed GNPs located in areas devoid of Tcf transcriptional activity. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the functions of Tcf and of Barhl1 as regulators of GNPs development using amphibian as experimental model. The data presented in this work encompass a thorough analysis of the spatial and temporal expressions of key markers involved in GNP development in amphibian, and an investigation of Barhl1 and Tcf functions in this developmental process. Our gain and loss of function experiments, together with the transcriptomic analysis of Barhl1 depletion in the rhombomere 1 validate a key role for Tcf as a transcriptional activator of atoh1 and as an inducer of the URL territory, and for Barhl1 as a developmental inhibitor of Tcf activity allowing GNPs to exit the URL. We identified key genes inhibited by Barhl1 and involved in the maintenance of URL germinative zone
Trioulier, Yaël. "Caractérisation de nouveaux acteurs de la mort des neurones granulaires de cervelet." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10195.
Full textMolecular actors of programmed cell death forms alternative to apoptosis are poorly understood, in particular for neurons. The death of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) induced by potassium deprivation exhibits all the features of apoptosis The induction of the JNK signaling pathway is a crucial step for caspase activation. However, the death cascade also requires a caspase-independent pathway. In contrast to what is found in others neuronal models, autophagy does not play a role in CGN death. We have also identified Alix, a protein playing a pivotal role in multivesicular body formation, as a key mediator of CGN death. To fulfil its pro-apoptotic function, Alix recruits Alg-2 and CIN85 proteins suggesting that Alix may connect vesicular trafic and cell death
Kerloch, Thomas. "Etude du développement des neurones granulaires du gyrus denté : morphogénèse et régulation par Rnd2." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0254.
Full textIn most areas of the brain, neurons are born during embryogenesis. In contrast, the majority of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus are born postnatally and their generation continues throughout adulthood. This finding that new neurons are generated in the adult mammalian brain has opened novel avenues for brain repair and has initiated, in the last 20 years, tremendous efforts to characterize how new neurons differentiate and integrate into adult neural circuitries. However, further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and signaling cascades involved in this process. In this context, we focused on Rnd2, a RhoGTPase particularly enriched in the adult neurogenic DG and described as a key player in the regulation of embryonic cortical neurogenesis. We found, in vivo, that the deletion of Rnd2 specifically in adult-born hippocampal neurons decreases the survival of these cells, and in the surviving ones, leads to soma hypertrophy, increases dendritic arborization and induces mispositioning. Importantly, this deletion also increases anxiety-like behavior in mice, thus identifying Rnd2 as a critical regulator of adult newborn neuron development and function. In addition, our data show that Rnd2 does not play the same functions in granule neurons born at P0, highlighting a differential regulation of developmental and adult neurogenesis in the DG. In the same vein, we also demonstrate that perinatally-born granule neurons, especially the embryonic ones, are morphologically distinct compared with later-born neurons. Altogether, this PhD work provides new insights into the development of the different populations of granule neurons in the DG, further emphasizing the peculiarity of this brain structure
Pleau, Claire. "Etude des propriétés morpho-fonctionnelles des cellules granulaires du gyrus denté activées dans différents environnements." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0364.
Full textThe dentate gyrus (DG), an input region of the hippocampal formation, plays a crucial role in learning, memory and spatial navigation. Only a small fraction of mature dentate granule cells (mDGCs) is active during behavior, while the large majority remains silent. The properties of this active subset of neurons remain poorly investigated. To determine the properties of cells recruited in different environments, we examined ex vivo the properties of activated DGCs compared to the non-activated cells from mice maintained in their home cage and trained in a virtual reality (VR) environment. Using fosGFP transgenic mice, we observed that recruited DGCs, from mice maintained in their home cage, are mature neurons displaying a striking low intrinsic excitability compared to non-recruited cells. Remarkably, activated mDGCs, from mice trained in a virtual environment displayed an “intermediate” state of excitability between DGCs activated in home cage and non-activated DGCs. In home cage mice, this hypoexcitability is partly due to a GABAA-receptor-mediated shunting inhibition that reduces the input resistance. By contrast, this shunting effect was not observed in activated DGCs of mice trained with virtual reality. Furthermore, our data reveal that activated DGCs display a shorter AIS length and an extended dendritic arbor, which is independent from the environment of their activation. In conclusion, we propose that mature dentate granule cells show different intrinsic properties depending on the behavioral context of their activation
Brousse-Maure, Béatrice. "Régénération spontanée de la myéline dans le cerveau de souris adulte : interactions entre cellules souches, progéniteurs et microglie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0305.
Full textMyelin sheath surrounding axons ensures neuronal support and increases conduction speed. Demyelination can occur in many circumstances leading to neurological deficits. Spontaneous remyelination exists but is highly variable among patients and structures. Parenchymal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (pOPC) are known to contribute to remyelination but the role of neural stem/progenitor cells located in the subventricular zone (SVZdNP) is still debated. In this work, we investigated in a mouse model of demyelination, the contribution of these 2 cell populations in myelin repair. Using genetic cell tracing, we demonstrated that pOPC and SVZdNP contribute equally to corpus callosum (CC) remyelination but in a regionalized manner. CC areas with high SVZdNP mobilization are those less affected by cuprizone. We observed that some SVZdNP mobilized in the demyelinated CC remain undifferentiated and postulated that these progenitors may protect from demyelination via immunomodulation. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we showed that microglia located in CC areas enriched in SVZdNP exhibited a less inflammatory profile than microglia located in areas with high pOPC mobilization. Moreover, we identified a candidate factor in the dialog between SVZdNP and microglia: MFGE8 (milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-8). MFGE8 is significantly enriched in immature SVZdNP and is implicated in phagocytosis pathway. We showed that MFGE8 treatment or conditioned media from SVZdNP cultures increase myelin debris phagocytosis by microglial cells in culture. Myelin debris clearance is a key step in myelin regeneration. This work highlights the dual role of SVZdNP in myelin regeneration
Strappazzon, Flavie. "Mécanismes d'action d'Alix et de ses partenaires ALG-2 et PYK2 dans la survie et la mort neuronale." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10250.
Full textLn an effort to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of Alix and AIg-2 in cell death, we have found that Alix and AIg-2 can Ca2+-dependently associate with caspase-8 in BHK-21 cells. We investigated the possible existence of an Alix! AIg-2-caspase-8 relationship during cerebellar granule neuron death induced in vitro byeither potassium depletion or Alix overexpression. We showed that Alix is found in a caspase-8-containing complex following K+ depletion-induced CGN apoptosis. Moreover, we demonstrated that caspase-8 functions as initiator caspase in the apoptotic pathway induced by Alix overexpression. Ln a recent work, we gained evidence that the dosure of these Ca2+ channels, which follows the shift to K5 medium,could trigger compensatory Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores (Strappazzon, 2007). This prompted us to tum our attention to the putative functional relevance of Alix!Alg-2-caspase-8 interaction to ER stress-induced death. Using both dividing BHK-21 cells and post-mitotic CGN exposed to the ER stressor thapsigargin, we gathered several evidence supporting the idea that Alix, like its binding partner AIg-2, is involved in ER stress-induced death, linking specifficaly two initiator caspases: caspase-8 and -9. Overall our findings suggest that Alix, through its association with AIg-2, is a key mediator of the apoptotic Ca2+ signaling machinery. We also demonstrates the role of Pyk2 in mediating the trophic effect of membrane depolarization in CGN and its possible involvement in survival via the regulation of the binding between Alix and AIg-2 through phosphorylation of Alix
Kerjan, Géraldine. "Etude du rôle des sémaphorines et des plexines au cours du développement des neurones granulaires du cervelet." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066572.
Full textMezghani-Abdelmoula, Sana. "Etude histobiochimique et électrophysiologique de la cytotoxicité de Pseudomonas fluorescens sur les neurones granulaires cérébelleux de rat." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES041.
Full textGrignon, Sylvain. "La culture de neurones granulaires du cervelet comme modele d'etude de la pharmacologie cellulaire du lithium (doctorat : neurosciences)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX20657.
Full textLe, Dréau Gwenvaël. "NOV/CCN3 et système nerveux central : étude du rôle de NOV/CCN3 dans les précurseurs de neurones granulaires et des astrocytes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066063.
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