Relevant bibliographies by topics / Profit pool

Academic literature on the topic 'Profit pool'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Profit pool"

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Hay, David C., Rachel F. Baskerville, and Travis Hui Qiu. "The Association between Partnership Financial Integration and Risky Audit Client Portfolios." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 26, no. 2 (November 1, 2007): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aud.2007.26.2.57.

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This study examines whether profit-sharing arrangements within accounting firms are associated with the riskiness of their client portfolios. Our results use unique data about the profit-sharing arrangements of the Big 8 firms during the period 1985 to 1994. We investigate whether there is a correlation between profit-sharing and risky clients. Firms consist of the financially integrated firms, i.e., those that share their profits across a large pool of partners across the country and the financially independent firms that share their profits in a small pool on a local office basis. The large-pool firms provide more incentive for partners to cooperate to audit high-risk clients than the small-pool firms. Our results show that the large-pool firms are associated with riskier client portfolios; this is indicated by a higher proportion of fees from clients that later suffer from bankruptcies. In contrast, a smaller proportion of the clients of the small-pool firms go bankrupt. Tests using financial distress as alternative measures of client risk confirm this result.
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Wen, Min, Rune Larsen, Stefan Ropke, Hanne L. Petersen, and Oli B. G. Madsen. "Centralised horizontal cooperation and profit sharing in a shipping pool." Journal of the Operational Research Society 70, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1457481.

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Ashraf, Junaid, and Abdul Rauf. "Waseela Foundation: Accounting for Zakat." Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, no. 1_suppl (January 8, 2020): S55—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820119884406.

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The case focusses on the issues faced by Waseela Foundation in its accounting system, specifically in recording the receipt of zakat donations and utilization thereof. The existing accounting system is simple and puts all types of donations into one pool. Expenses are paid out of that pool indiscriminately. It is not acceptable to some zakat donors who have different interpretations regarding the use of zakat funds. Mr Mustafa was given the task of redesigning the accounting system which would assure the donors that their zakat was being managed and disposed of as per their instructions. Accounting for donations in non-profits requires an elaborate system of recording and reporting that can distinguish between different sources of donations and their utilization. This is important because some donations have to be spent on specific purposes. Hence, unlike for-profit organizations, non-profit organizations have to keep different sources of funds separate for recording and reporting purposes. Zakat poses special accounting challenges because there are variations in interpretations of different schools of thought with regard to avenues of spending the zakat. The case thus provides students with an excellent opportunity to understand the intricacies of fund accounting for non-profits.
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Nursiah, Ayu, Bela Nopita Sari, Dian Raudatul Firdausi, Dina Yovita Ria, and Ahmad Hazas Syarif. "Analisis Nisbah Bagi Hasil Produk Deposito Mudharabah Dalam Lembaga Keuangan Syariah." As-Syirkah: Islamic Economic & Financial Journal 1, no. 2 (August 9, 2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56672/syirkah.v1i2.24.

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Profit sharing is profit sharing system in wich the owner of the capital coorporate with the owner of the capital to carry out business activities.if the business activity generates a profit, it is shared by both and when it experiences a loss it is borne together as well. Sharia banking introduced a system to the public with the term Revenue Sharing, which is a profit sharing system that is calculated from the total fund management revenue without deducting the cost of managing funds. The concept of profit sharing aims as follows: (a). The owner of the funds will invest their funds through an Islamic financial institution that acts as the manager. (b). The sharia financial manager or institution will manage the funds in a pool of funds system and will then invest the funds into a viable and profitable project or business that meets the aspects of sharia. (c). Both parties sign a contract wich contains the scope of the cooperation, nominal, ratio and time period for the agreement. In this study, qualitative methods are used. The results of this research are use the result of this research are coorperation in profit sharing in banking product, especialy in mudharbah deposit product. So the profit sharing ratio in mudarabh products can be conlueded that the profits abotained are divided according to the agreed ra Keywords: business activity, profit sharing, sharia bank
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Boyko, N., and S. Dotsenko. "ON COOPERATIVE GAME APPROACH TO PROFIT SHARING IN A FEW PROJECTS MANAGEMENT PROBLEM." Journal of Numerical and Applied Mathematics, no. 2 (131) (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2706-9699.2019.2.02.

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The article is consider three different mechanisms of project’s profit sharing, assuming that the projects have common resource pool and both resources and profit may be distributed at arbitrary way without losses. The resources and profit distribution mechanisms are based on cooperative game theory thesis. As three different alternatives, such cooperative game solutions, as Shapley value, nucleolus ant τ-value are proposed. The calculation routine is delivered by easy typical example.
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Cassim, Maleka Femida. "The Contours of Profit-Making Activities of Non-Profit Companies: An Analysis of the New South African Companies Act." Journal of African Law 56, no. 2 (August 23, 2012): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000046.

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AbstractWhile for-profit companies regularly embark on non-profit activities, the converse issue has recently come to attention, namely whether non-profit companies may embark on profit-making activities. This has given rise to a confusing conundrum of practical importance, not only in South Africa but also in other jurisdictions. This article discusses whether non-profit companies, under the South African Companies Act of 2008, may have purely commercial objects. It also addresses the intertwined question of the contours of permissible profit-making activities. Since the non-profit company is the modern successor to the section 21 company under the previous Companies Act of 1973, this article considers the recent case of Cuninghame v First Ready Development 249, in which the Supreme Court of Appeal was faced with the problem of a section 21 company with a commercial object. The article also explores the administration of rental pool agreements by non-profit companies, which arose in the Cuninghame case.
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Boulton, Thomas Jason, and Marcus V. Braga-Alves. "Short selling and dark pool volume." Managerial Finance 46, no. 10 (June 23, 2020): 1263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-07-2019-0382.

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PurposePrior research posits that traders with short-lived information favor lit exchanges over dark pools due to execution certainty. This paper aims to focus on the relation between informed trading based on firm fundamentals and dark pool volume because the preferred venue for traders with longer-lived information is less certain.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine the effect of short interest, a proxy for informed traders with long-lived information, on dark pool volume using fixed effects, first difference and instrumental variable approaches. They examine the effect of dark pools on the profitability of long-lived information using market- and characteristic-adjusted returns.FindingsThe proportion of trading volume executed in dark pools is positively correlated with short interest. This result is stronger for stocks that suffer from greater uncertainty and stocks targeted by transient institutional investors. Short sellers profit substantially from their information as subsequent returns are lower for heavily shorted stocks with greater dark pool volume.Research limitations/implicationsIn 2014, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority began making trading data available for dark pools. Before that, only limited information was publicly available. The authors use that data to shed more light on dark pools activity.Practical implicationsThe evidence presented in the paper helps inform the current discussion about the role and regulation of dark pools.Originality/valueThis is the first study to show that informed traders with long-lived information favor dark pools due to their opacity and the possibility of price improvement.
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Huang, Ling, and Martin D. Smith. "The Dynamic Efficiency Costs of Common-Pool Resource Exploitation." American Economic Review 104, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 4071–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.12.4071.

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We conduct the first empirical investigation of common-pool resource users' dynamic and strategic behavior at the micro level using real-world data. Fishermen's strategies in a fully dynamic game account for latent resource dynamics and other players' actions, revealing the profit structure of the fishery. We compare the fishermen's actual and socially optimal exploitation paths under a time-specific vessel allocation policy and find a sizable dynamic externality. Individual fishermen respond to other users by exerting effort above the optimal level early in the season. Congestion is costly instantaneously but is beneficial in the long run because it partially offsets dynamic inefficiencies. (JEL D24, Q21, Q22)
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Mandala, Manasarani, and C. P. Gupta C.P.Gupta. "Binary Artificial Bee Colony Optimization for GENCOs' Profit Maximization under Pool Electricity Market." International Journal of Computer Applications 90, no. 19 (March 26, 2014): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15832-4713.

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Peterson, Andrew. "Skimming the Profit Pool: The American Mutual Fund Scandals and the Risk for Japan." Asian Journal of Criminology 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2010): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11417-010-9090-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Profit pool"

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Vlastníková, Tereza. "Náklady životního cyklu majetku ve vlastnictví města." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240237.

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The master thesis focuses on problems connected with the life cycle cost of property owned by the city. It analyses general issues of the life cycle cost of construction, but it mainly analyses the ways in which local authorities manage their properties and their cost. Those methods are applied in a case study, that addresses the cost and management of swimming pool sites which are owned by the city Brno.
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Rost, Christian, and Erik Ydrén. "Profit for the poor : Sustainable Market Development in BOP Markets." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-361.

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There are 4 billion poor living on 2 dollars or less per day that make up the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). If a company calculates their aggregated purchasing power they could be a huge and profitable market.

By studying the roles of the different actors and their preconditions in BOP markets the purpose with this thesis is to find out how the private sector can pursue a sustainable market development strategy at the bottom of the economic pyramid and if it really will help to reduce poverty.

By using a qualitative study, this thesis interviews each actor in the Mexican market except the government. Also a resume from a case study presents Unilever’s operations in Indonesia.

The theory suggests that the actors in the markets should create partnerships that lead to a social transformation and improvement in the lives of the poor. Therefore this thesis concentrates on sustainable development the entrepreneurs, government, customers and the private enterprises role in a BOP-strategy.

From the field study it is clear that it exists a huge informal system in Mexico which makes it hard for an efficient market to work. Our interviews with the NGOs shows that they have access to huge networks, work with marketbased solutions but are dependant on financial contributions from government and private sector. Both private enterprises show that they are working with both process and product innovations for the BOP-market. For example they both sell small sachets of shampoo that are affordable for the poor and they are also cooperating with local distributors to access all the small supermarkets across the country they are present in.

Essential for pursuing a BOP-strategy is that a company innovates for satisfying a need at a lower cost. They should also work with partners to get the local knowledge that they do not have themselves. The study can not come to a conclusion if the strategy under study will reduce poverty although there is a clear link between sustainability and poverty reduction. The point with sustainability in the consumer markets is that the products and services offered increases the disposable income, the choices, and the self identity of the per-son living in poverty. Only then can a BOP-strategy develop together with its market, resulting in a sustainable market development strategy, which, when pursued responsibly can lead to a triple-win situation for the poor, private enterprises and the environment.

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Vitoratto, Felipe Augusto. "Margens de contribuição, gastos e lucro na cadeira de distribuição domiciliar de gás liquefeito de petróleo (Gás LP): um estudo de caso do lucro na cadeia de distribuição de Gás LP domicilar no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5588.

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The present dissertation is a case study that aims to map the contribution margin, expenses and profits on the distribution chain of domestic LP Gas in Brazil. The study focus on the mapping ofthe value chain starting at one ofthe 21 distributors ofLP Gas and their retails in a specific sales area. For the fixed costs and expenses mapping ofthe distributor and their retails the Activiy Based Costs -ABC were used. For the profit map the earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization -Ebitda were used. After the mapping the maio variables that explain the Ebitda ofthe distributor and their retails were identified. Furthermore, to identify the variables two regressions were made to explain the unitary profit (R$/cylinders) ofthe distributor and their more than 500 retails in a specific sales area. The results show an estimate of how the contribution margin, expenses and profits in the distribution chain of the domestic LP Gas in Brazil were divided between the distributors and retail in the year of 2007. Moreover, the variables that impact in the Ebitda formation were explained for the distributor and the retails in the case study. Furthermore, the dissertation discusses the potential of the profit pool map in the value chain during the text and conclusion.
A dissertação é um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo mapear a margem de contribuição, gastos e lucros na cadeia de distribuição do gás de cozinhas no Brasil. O trabalho focaliza o mapeamento da cadeia de valor a partir de uma das 21 distribuidoras de Gás LP e suas revendas em uma de suas áreas de atuação. Para o mapeamento dos custos e despesas fixos da distribuidora e de seus revendores foi utilizado o custeio baseado em atividade - ABC. Para o mapeamento do lucro foi utilizado o lucro antes dos juros, impostos, depreciação e amortização - Ebitda. Após o mapeamento buscou-se identificar as principais variáveis que explicam a atual configuração Ebitda da distribuidora e de suas revendas. Para isso foram geradas regressões de dados para entender o lucro unitário (reais por botijão de gás) da distribuidora e de suas mais de 500 revendas em uma das áreas de atuação. O resultado mostra uma estimativa de como a margem de contribuição, gastos e lucros na cadeia de distribuição do gás de cozinha no Brasil para o ano de 2007 se dividem entre as distribuidoras e revendedores de Gás LP domiciliar em termos percentual e unitário. Também foram explicadas quais as variáveis que mais impactam no Ebitda da distribuidora e revendas do estudo de caso. Por fim, o trabalho discute o potencial da metodologia de análise de mapeamento através do profit pool na cadeia de valor da indústria ao longo do texto e na conclusão do trabalho.
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Rost, Christian, and Erik Ydrén. "Profir for the poor : Sustainable market development in BOP-markets." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-549.

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There are 4 billion poor living on 2 dollars or less per day that make up the bottom of the economic pyramid (BOP). If a company calculates their aggregated purchasing power they could be a huge and profitable market.

By studying the roles of the different actors and their pre-conditions in BOP-markets the purpose with this thesis is to find out how the private sector can pursue a sustainable market development strategy at the bottom of the economic pyramid and if it really will help to reduce poverty.

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Brown, Douglas Henry Leon. "Pauperism and profit : financial management, business practices and the new poor law in England in Wales." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pauperism-and-profit-financial-management-business-practices-and-the-new-poor-law-in-england-in-wales(19fdcb82-5aad-47a3-a0a7-1ba59828b710).html.

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This thesis adopts a supply-­‐side approach to understanding poor law expenditure. It investigates the reasons for variations in relief spending by poor law unions, the local government organisations responsible for poor relief in England and Wales from -./0 to -2/3, and makes important new contributions to the historiography of the new poor law in three key ways: First, it emphasises the signi/icance of different types of places. As indoor relief grew, particularly in urban settings, the poor law was increasingly important in local economies as a buyer of goods and services. Second, it shows that these transactions were socially embedded, based as they were on relationships between administrators and suppliers. Third, it demonstrates that these social transactions could affect the local costs of buying goods, and thereby the relief policies and practices which shaped paupers’ experiences. Using geographical information systems techniques, it develops a spatial understanding of relief and suggests new ways of measuring the costs and types of poor law practices. It queries the conception of a north-­‐south divide in generosity of relief and suggests that paupers saw greater differences between rural and urban unions. Moreover, it argues that variations in relief practices need to be understood in the context of local 'inancial management. It analyses the ways in which unions contracted for provisions, and relates relief expenditure to local costs of goods. By investigating the supply of goods to unions across England and Wales it demonstrates the social signi3icance of the poor law for local economies, not just in terms of its impact on poverty, but also as a consumer of goods and a source of revenue for businesses.
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PESSOA, Danielle Tavares. "Estudo do comprometimento do endividamento público e privado por parte dos produtores do Polo Petrolina /Juazeiro." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11213.

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O presente trabalho busca identificar o comprometimento dos produtores do Polo Petrolina/Juazeiro em relação às suas dívidas junto ao Setor Público e Privado, bem como as causas dessas inadimplências. A amostra utilizada neste trabalho representa dados em corte transversal para o ano de 2009 referentes a 1337 produtores localizados nos Perímetros Nilo Coelho, Maria Tereza e Bebedouro. A metodologia utilizada foram os modelos Logit e Probit Ordenado sob o método da Máxima Verossimilhança. A variável dependente considerada para análise foi a situação do produtor (classificado como adimplente, renegociante e inadimplente) e as variáveis explicativas foram área plantada, renda mensal, escolaridade e idade. Paralelamente, foram feitas estimações adicionando variáveis explicativas auxiliares, selecionadas através do teste de redundância. Essas variáveis auxiliares foram: número de filhos, ser ou não colono, quantidade de lotes, presença de certificado internacional, planejamento produtivo, quantidade de funcionários e negociação através de contratos formais. Os resultados mostram que o principal problema da inadimplência está relacionado às dívidas contraídas junto às instituições públicas, tratadas como bancos públicos e CODEVASF. Essas dívidas chegam a ser oito vezes maior do que as dívidas junto ao Setor Privado. No tocante ao Setor Público pesam negativamente as variáveis: área plantada no lote, ser colono, número de lotes. Junto ao Setor Privado, são as variáveis filhos dependentes, participação em associações e não possuir contratos formais que aumentam a probabilidade do produtor não pagar suas dívidas.
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Sincavage, Marie A. "An investigation of relationships between charitable-giving perceptions and attitudes and a not-for-profit organization's future program and funding initiatives." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1996. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Kang, Heechan. "Essays on methodologies in contingent valuation and the sustainable management of common pool resources." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141240444.

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BROWN, LEANORA A. "Essays on Foreign Aid, Government Spending and Tax Effort." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/83.

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This dissertation comprises two essays that attempt to determine, empirically, the fiscal response of governments’ to international assistance. The first essay examines whether an increasingly popular recommendation in international aid policy to switch from tied foreign assistance to untied foreign assistance affects investment in critical development expenditure sectors by developing countries. In the past, most international aid has been in the form of tied assistance as donors believed that tying aid will improve its effectiveness. It has been argued, that if tied aid is well designed and effectively managed then its overall effectiveness can be improved. On the contrary, it is also believed that tied aid acts as an impediment to donor cooperation and the building of partnership with developing countries. In addition, it is also argued that it removes the ‘feeling’ of ownership and responsibility of projects from partner countries in aid supported development. Two other more popular arguments used to challenge the effectiveness of foreign aid is that it is compromised when tied to the goods and services of the donor countries because almost 30 percent of its value is eliminated and also because it does not allow recipient countries to act on their priorities for public spending. These problems bring into question whether tied aid is truly the most effective way to help poor countries. A recommendation by the international community is that a switch to untied aid would be necessary. With untied aid, the recipient country is not obligated to buy the goods of the donor country neither is it compelled to pursue the public expenditure priorities of donors. Instead with untied aid they will have greater flexibility over spending decisions and can more easily pursue the priorities of their countries as they see fit. Hence, one could expect that a one dollar increase in untied aid will increase spending in the critical priority sectors by more than a one dollar increase in tied assistance. The question therefore is whether national domestic priorities coincide or not with what the international community has traditionally deemed should be priority. Empirically, we test this prediction using country-by-country data for 57 countries for the period 1973 to 2006. The results suggest that on average untied aid has a greater impact on pro-poor spending than do tied aid. In addition, the results also suggest that fungibility is still an issue even after accounting for the effects of untied aid. However, one could argue that fungibility may not be as bad as it appears since the switch to untied aid improves spending in the sectors that are essential for growth and development. The second essay explores the hypothesis that the expectations of debt forgiveness can discourage developing countries from attaining fiscal independence through an improvement of their tax effort. On the one hand, the international financial community typically advises poor countries to improve revenue mobilization but, on the other hand, the same international community routinely continues to bail-out poor countries that fail to meet their loan repayment obligations. The act of bailing-out these countries creates an expectation on the part of developing country governments that they will receive debt forgiveness time and again in the future. Therefore, the expectation of future bail outs creates a moral hazard that leads to endemic lower tax efforts. The key prediction of our simple theoretical model is that in the presence of debt forgiveness, tax ratios will decline and this decline will be stronger the higher the frequency and intensity of the bailouts. Empirically, we test this prediction using country-level data for 66 countries for the period 1989 to 2006. The results strongly suggest that debt forgiveness plays a significant role in the low tax effort observed in developing countries. Our empirical model allows for the endogeneity of tax effort and debt forgiveness. Interestingly we find that more debt forgiveness is actually provided to countries with lower tax effort. The results are robust to various specifications.
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Hou, Dongbin. "Very High Frequency Integrated POL for CPUs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77608.

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Point-of-load (POL) converters are used extensively in IT products. Every piece of the integrated circuit (IC) is powered by a point-of-load (POL) converter, where the proximity of the power supply to the load is very critical in terms of transient performance and efficiency. A compact POL converter with high power density is desired because of current trends toward reducing the size and increasing functionalities of all forms of IT products and portable electronics. To improve the power density, a 3D integrated POL module has been successfully demonstrated at the Center for Power Electronic Systems (CPES) at Virginia Tech. While some challenges still need to be addressed, this research begins by improving the 3D integrated POL module with a reduced DCR for higher efficiency, the vertical module design for a smaller footprint occupation, and the hybrid core structure for non-linear inductance control. Moreover, as an important category of the POL converter, the voltage regulator (VR) serves an important role in powering processors in today's electronics. The multi-core processors are widely used in almost all kinds of CPUs, ranging from the big servers in data centers to the small smartphones in almost everyone's pocket. When powering multiple processor cores, the energy consumption can be reduced dramatically if the supply voltage can be modulated rapidly based on the power demand of each core by dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). However, traditional discrete voltage regulators (VRs) are not able to realize the full potential of DVFS since they are not able to modulate the supply voltage fast enough due to their relatively low switching frequency and the high parasitic interconnect impedance between the VRs and the processors. With these discrete VRs, DVFS has only been applied at a coarse timescale, which can scale voltage levels only in tens of microseconds (which is normally called a coarse-grained DVFS). In order to get the full benefit of DVFS, a concept of an integrated voltage regulator (IVR) is proposed to allow fine-grained DVFS to scale voltage levels in less than a microsecond. Significant interest from both academia and industry has been drawn to IVR research. Recently, Intel has implemented two generations of very high frequency IVR. The first generation is implemented in Haswell processors, where air core inductors are integrated in the processor's packaging substrate and placed very closely to the processor die. The air core inductors have very limited ability in confining the high frequency magnetic flux noise generated by the very high switching frequency of 140MHz. In the second generation IVR in Broadwell processors, the inductors are moved away from the processor substrate to the 3DL PCB modules in the motherboard level under the die. Besides computers, small portable electronics such as smartphones are another application that can be greatly helped by IVRs. The smartphone market size is now larger than 400 billion US dollars, and its power consumption is becoming higher and higher as the functionality of smartphones continuously advances. Today's multi-phase VR for smartphone processors is built with a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) with discrete inductors. Today's smartphone VRs operate at 2-8MHz, but the discrete inductor is still bulky, and the VR is not close enough to the processor to support fine-grained DVFS. If the IVR solution can be extended to the smartphone platform, not only can the battery life be greatly improved, but the total power consumption of the smartphone (and associated charging time and charging safety issues) can also be significantly reduced. Intel's IVR may be a viable solution for computing applications, but the air core inductor with un-confined high-frequency magnetic flux would cause very severe problems for smartphones, which have even less of a space budget. This work proposes a three-dimensional (3D) integrated voltage regulator (IVR) structure for smartphone platforms. The proposed 3D IVR will operate with a frequency of tens of MHz. Instead of using an air core, a high-frequency magnetic core without an air gap is applied to confine the very high frequency flux. The inductor is designed with an ultra-low profile and a small footprint to fit the stringent space requirement of smartphones. A major challenge in the development of the very high frequency IVR inductor is to accurately characterize and compare magnetic materials in the tens of MHz frequency range. Despite the many existing works in this area, the reported measured properties of the magnetics are still very limited and indirect. In regards to permeability, although its value at different frequencies is often reported, its saturation property in real DC-biased working conditions still lacks investigation. In terms of loss property, the previous works usually show the equivalent resistance value only, which is usually measured with small-signal excitation from an impedance/network analyzer and is not able to represent the real magnetic core loss under large-signal excitation in working conditions. The lack of magnetic properties in real working conditions in previous works is due to the significant challenges in the magnetic characterization technique at very high frequencies, and it is a major obstacle to accurately designing and testing the IVR inductors. In this research, an advanced core loss measurement method is proposed for very high frequency (tens of MHz) magnetic characterization for the IVR inductor design. The issues of and solutions for the permeability and loss measurement are demonstrated. The LTCC and NEC flake materials are characterized and compared up to 40MHz for IVR application. Based on the characterized material properties, both single-phase and multi-phase integrated inductor are designed, fabricated and experimentally tested in 20MHz buck converters, featuring a simple single-via winding structure, small size, ultra-low profile, ultra-low DCR, high current-handling ability, air-gap-free magnetics, multi-phase integration within one magnetic core, and lateral non-uniform flux distribution. It is found that the magnetic core operates at unusually high core loss density, while it is thermally manageable. The PCB copper can effectively dissipate inductor heat with 3D integration. In addition, new GaN device drivers and magnetic materials are evaluated and demonstrated with the ability to increase the IVR frequency to 30MHz and realize a higher density with a smaller loss. In summary, this research starts with improving the 3D integrated POL module, and then explores the use of the 3D integration technique along with the very high frequency IVR concept to power the smartphone processor. The challenges in a very high frequency magnetic characterization are addressed with a novel core loss measurement method capable of 40MHz loss characterization. The very high frequency multi-phase inductor integrated within one magnetic component is designed and demonstrated for the first time. A 20MHz IVR platform is built and the feasibility of the concept is experimentally verified. Finally, new GaN device drivers and magnetic materials are evaluated and demonstrated with the ability to increase the IVR frequency to 30MHz and realize higher density with smaller loss.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Profit pool"

1

The hustler's handbook: How to play for fun and profit. Smyrna, GA: Premier Pub., 1993.

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Jones, V. Rory. The executive guide to boosting cash flow and shareholder value: The profit pool approach. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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Harper, Malcolm. Profit for the poor: Cases in micro-finance. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH, 1998.

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Profit for the poor: Cases in micro-finance. London: Intermediate Technology, 1998.

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Surjadi, Charles. Non profit health provider and non government organizations providing health services in Jakarta. Jakarta: Centre for Health Research, Atma Jaya Catholic University, 1999.

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Abu, Hanifah. Profil karang taruna percontohan di DKI Jakarta, 1994/1995. Jakarta: Departemen Sosial RI, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Sosial, 1995.

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Hudson, Michael. Merchants of Misery: How Corporate America Profits from Poverty. Monroe, Me: Common Courage Press, 1996.

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Sanou, Mathias. Profil de pauvreté urbaine et accès aux services sociaux de base: Études spécifiques approfondies des données de l'Enquête prioritaire. [Ouagadougou]: Burkina Faso, Institut national de la statistique et de la démographie, 1998.

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Conditions de vie des populations et profil de pauvreté au Cameroun en 2007: Rapport principal de l'ECAM3. Yaoundé: République du Cameroun, Institut national de la statistique, 2008.

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Ochoa, Javier Toro. Propositions pour un programme d'aide alimentaire ciblée au profit des couches les plus demunies à Madagascar. Antananarivo: Unicef, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Profit pool"

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Li, Ruiguang, Jiawei Zhu, Jiaqi Gao, Fudong Wu, Dawei Xu, and Liehuang Zhu. "Detecting Bitcoin Nodes by the Cyberspace Search Engines." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 129–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8285-9_9.

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AbstractNowadays, the cyberspace search engines have showed great power to find entities and services in the network, which provide new ideas and methods to detect the Bitcoin nodes. This paper introduces the Bitcoin’s P2P network and nodes including the reachable nodes and the unreachable nodes. Then, the results of detecting reachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines are showed. Next, the author proposes a new approach to find and verify the unreachable nodes by the cyberspace search engines. Finally, this paper illustrates the de-anonymization of some Bitcoin nodes by the cyberspace search engines, which map some node’s IP addresses to real Bitcoin entities, such as Zeblockchain (a browser website), Microwallet (a wallet website) and Laurentia Pool (a non-profit pool website).
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Harper, Malcolm. "Prelims - Profit for the Poor." In Profit for the Poor, i—viii. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.000.

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Harper, Malcolm. "1. Introduction - Profit for the Poor; Interest Rates." In Profit for the Poor, 1–17. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.001.

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Harper, Malcolm. "2. Where is the Money to Come From?; The Institutions." In Profit for the Poor, 18–29. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.002.

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Harper, Malcolm. "3. The Bhawal Rajbari Branch, Grameen Bank, Bangladesh." In Profit for the Poor, 33–44. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.003.

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Harper, Malcolm. "4. The Banco Nacional de Comercio Interior, Mexico; The Gazaria Branch, BRAC, Bangladesh." In Profit for the Poor, 45–59. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.004.

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Harper, Malcolm. "5. The Omdunnan Productive Families Branch of the Sudan-Islamic Bank; The Laxmi Mahila Sangam and Myrada, Karnataka State, India." In Profit for the Poor, 60–74. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.005.

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Harper, Malcolm. "6. PRIDE and KREP, Two Examples from Machakos, Kenya." In Profit for the Poor, 75–89. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.006.

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Harper, Malcolm. "7. The Kenya Industrial Estates Informal Sector Programme, Murang’a Branch; Cuttack Urban Cooperative Bank-College Square Branch." In Profit for the Poor, 90–105. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.007.

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Harper, Malcolm. "8. Masoko Madogo Madogo Market Society, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." In Profit for the Poor, 106–14. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440910.008.

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Conference papers on the topic "Profit pool"

1

Salimitari, Mehrdad, Mainak Chatterjee, Murat Yuksel, and Eduardo Pasiliao. "Profit Maximization for Bitcoin Pool Mining: A Prospect Theoretic Approach." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Collaboration and Internet Computing (CIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cic.2017.00043.

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Baslis, Costas, Pandelis Biskas, and Anastasios Bakirtzis. "A profit maximization model for a power producer in a pool-based energy market with cost recovery mechanism." In 2011 European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2011.5953026.

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Şaykol, Ediz. "On the Economical Impacts of Cloud Computing in Information Technology Industry." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00851.

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Cloud computing, as defined by United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “... is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” Goal of the study is to highlight the positive economical impacts of cloud computing for companies, which can be assessed by focusing on their business goals to make more profit. Under the cloud computing model, firms can rent as many virtual machines as they need at any given time, and either design or use off-the-shelf solutions to integrate company-wide data and then easily distribute access to users within and outside of the company. Hence, cloud computing converts fixed capital costs to variable costs, prevents under or over provisioning, and allows minute by minute flexibility. Hence, the companies concentrate on their own business goals on top on a stable and effective information technology backbone. Most literature on cloud computing reside in computer science resources. However, there is little work focusing on the social and economic significance of cloud computing in the economics literature. Hence, this paper first discusses the basics of the cloud computing along with its implications on information technology (IT) field, with paying special attention to economical aspects. Then, empirical results and elaborations are to be given to yield a conclusion.
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Khanzadeh, Mojtaba, Sudipta Chowdhury, Linkan Bian, and Mark A. Tschopp. "A Methodology for Predicting Porosity From Thermal Imaging of Melt Pools in Additive Manufacturing Thin Wall Sections." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2909.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of Laser Based Additive Manufacturing (LBAM) are often inconsistent and unreliable for many industrial applications. One of the key technical challenges is the lack of understanding of the underlying process-structure-property relationship. The objective of the present research is to use the melt pool thermal profile to predict porosity within the LBAM process. Herein, we propose a novel porosity prediction method based on morphological features and the temperature distribution of the top surface of the melt pool as the LBAM part is being built. Self-organizing maps (SOM) are then used to further analyze the 2D melt pool dataset to identify similar and dissimilar melt pools. The performance of the proposed method of porosity prediction uses X-Ray tomography characterization, which identified porosity within the Ti-6Al-4V thin wall specimen. The experimentally identified porosity locations were compared to the porosity locations predicted based on the melt pool analysis. Results show that the proposed method is able to predict the location of porosity almost 85% of the time when the appropriate SOM model is selected. The significance of such a methodology is that this may lead the way towards in situ monitoring and on-the-fly modification of melt pool thermal profile to minimize or eliminate pores within LBAM parts.
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Liu, Yi, Xiayang Chen, Lei Zhang, Chaojing Tang, and Hongyan Kang. "An Intelligent Strategy to Gain Profit for Bitcoin Mining Pools." In 2017 10th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2017.184.

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Kiran, Deep, A. R. Abhyankar, B. K. Panigrahi, and N. Senroy. "Lexicographical buyer-seller profile matching in pool based electricity market." In TENCON 2016 - 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2016.7848052.

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Forte, Karina, and Diane Ruf. "Safety Challenges of LNG Offshore Industry and Introduction to Risk Management." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61027.

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Over many years, onshore plants have been deployed to liquefy the gas extracted from offshore wells and regasify the liquefied gas before sending it to the consumer grid. Currently the LNG Offshore Industry crosses a new development period since LNG Offshore Floating Units are considered as good options to improve the viability of gas supply. Nevertheless this paper will introduce the main safety challenges usually identified on LNG Offshore facilities, such as the space constraints on LNG Liquefaction Offshore Floating Units and injuries to personnel due to the cryogenic properties of the LNG. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that each hazard has a particular solution which has to be carefully assessed in order to ensure that the risks linked to an installation dealing with LNG are well understood and under control at the same time that the expectations of the project are achieved and compliance with recognized international health and safety standards is respected. Gaining knowledge about the properties of hazardous substances processed and operations performed in the installations is crucial to ensure safety in LNG Industry. Therefore this paper also aims at ensuring the awareness and understanding concerning the issues that could compromise the safety in LNG installations. As previously mentioned, a great concern in the LNG Offshore Industry is related to the space constraints in the site, once in case of a gas release followed by ignition there is the probability of escalation occurrence through the whole installation, what would affect personnel, environment and assets. Despite the space constraints found on offshore installations, it is important to consider minimum safety distances among the LNG facility systems. Thus, control of major hazards is of key importance, and prevention of escalation from an initial incident is critical. Also, it is important to understand what conditions could cause physical effects such as a pool fires, rapid phase transitions and vapour cloud explosions. Since this paper details and compares the safety challenges related to LNG processes, it will be presented some examples of accidents occurred in LNG facilities. The lessons learned from previous accidents can enable the companies to justify the investment to improve the safety in the installation and develop an effective Risk Management, which provides several benefits for the LNG operations (i.e.: the fewer accidents so lower employee absence, lessened threat of legal actions against the company, better reputation and consequently, reduced costs, increased productivity and greater profit.).
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Lopez, Luis Felipe, Joseph J. Beaman, and Rodney L. Williamson. "Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) Controller for Liquid Pool Profile in Vacuum Arc Remelting." In ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference. ASME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2012-movic2012-8546.

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Michopoulos, J. G., J. C. Steuben, A. J. Birnbaum, A. P. Iliopoulos, J. Aroh, A. D. Rollett, and B. Gould. "Morphological Analysis of 316L Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melt-Pool via the Enriched Analytical Solution Method." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22455.

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Abstract The recent development of the Enriched Analytical Solution Method (EASM) for evaluating the spatio-temporal distribution of the temperature fields generated during the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes is provides an opportunity to study the sensitivity of the morphological parameters characterizing the associated melt-pools as a function of process parameters. The present work exercises the EASM for the case of a single-path trace over a 316L base plate under LPBF heat deposition conditions. To assist in the evaluation of solidification parameters, the spatial derivatives of the EASM are also derived. A process parameter subspace spanned by the scan velocity and the laser power is considered and the EASM is utilized for deriving a number of geometrical morphological characteristics of the melt pool as well as the quantities controlling the evolution of the solidification front. Finally, comparisons with initial experimental results obtained by in-situ high speed synchrotron X-ray imaging, capturing the spatio-temporal evolution of the melt pool profile are also presented.
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Gu, Peiwen, Guobao Shi, Kemei Cao, and Jiayun Wang. "Research on IVR-Relevant Phenomena of Material Thermodynamic Interaction and Corium Pool Configuration." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66969.

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In-Vessel Retention (IVR), which arrests relocated molten core materials in the vessel during severe accident, has been singled out as an appealing accident management approach to many reactors. The heat transfer imposed by in-vessel corium is a vital part for IVR success considering the difficulty of significantly altering ex-vessel CHF. For a given decay power, corium pool configuration determines the heat flux profile along the vessel wall, which may produce uncertainties associated with IVR strategy. In this paper, a thermodynamic tool is employed to study the corium pool configurations by analyzing the possible interaction among relocated corium, zircalloy cladding and core internals. The results reveal the immiscibility gap phenomena under high temperature which separates molten materials into oxidic and metal phase in the lower head. The oxidic phase is quite stable and its density is only slightly changed by various accident scenarios. The metal phase is relatively unstable and its density is susceptible to the condition of cladding oxidation degree and crust integrity. The corium pool configurations in the lower head are determined based on the results of thermodynamic analysis and phase density comparison. Both two-layer and three-layer corium pools are likely to be formed under different accident scenarios. CAP1400 has intentionally increased the mass of lower core support plate, which is a beneficial design change to prevent possible focusing effect if material infiltration through crust is assumed to be impossible.
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Reports on the topic "Profit pool"

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Oyerinde, Funmi, and Naphtali Bwalami. The Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on the Lives of Rural Women: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7277.

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The PROACT project uses Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) to enable rural financial inclusion. The VSLA approach is targeted at combating increased poverty and improving the resilience of poor rural farming households in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria. The three case studies presented here reflect the new, transformative realities of increased income, access to loans, safe spaces for women, improved rural enterprise and the empowerment of women engaged in the VSLAs.
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Osidoma, Japhet, and Ashiru Mohammed Kinkwa. Creatively Improving Agricultural Practices and Productivity: Pro Resilience Action (PROACT) project, Nigeria. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7260.

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Since April 2016, The European Union and the Oxfam Pro-Resilience Action Project in Kebbi and Adamawa States, Nigeria, have supported poor smallholder rural farmers to improve their agricultural productivity. The project has a specific focus on increasing crop yields per hectare for better land usage, as well as ensuring farmers possess the skills they need to maintain good agricultural practices, such as inputs utilization and climate mitigation strategies, as well as an information-sharing system on weather and market prices. The project uses a Farmer Field School model that continues to serve as a viable platform for rural farmers to access hands-on skills and basic modern farming knowledge and techniques. The case studies presented here demonstrate a significant increase in farmers’ productivity, income and resilience. This approach should be emulated by governments and private sector players to achieve impact at scale in Nigeria’s agricultural sector, which is the country’s top non-oil revenue stream.
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Butler, Walter R., Uzi Moallem, Amichai Arieli, Robert O. Gilbert, and David Sklan. Peripartum dietary supplementation to enhance fertility in high yielding dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7587723.bard.

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Objectives of the project: To evaluate the effects of a glucogenic supplement during the peripartum transition period on insulin, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, and progesterone profile in dairy cows. To compare benefits of supplemental fats differing in fatty acid composition and fed prepartum on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, interval to first ovulation, progesterone profile, and uterine prostaglandin production in lactating dairy cows. To assess the differential and carry-over effects of glucogenic and fat supplements fed to peripartum dairy cows on steroidogenesis and fatty acids in ovarian follicles. To determine the carry-over effects of peripartum glucogenic or fat supplements on fertility in high producing dairy cows (modified in year 3 to Israel only). Added during year 3 of project: To assess the activity of genes related to hepatic lipid oxidation and gluconeogenesis following dietary supplementation (USA only). Background: High milk yields in dairy cattle are generally associated with poor reproductive performance. Low fertility results from negative energy balance (NEBAL) of early lactation that delays resumption of ovarian cycles and exerts other carryover effects. During NEBAL, ovulation of ovarian follicles is compromised by low availability of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), but fatty acid mobilization from body stores is augmented. Liver function during NEBAL is linked to the resumption of ovulation and fertility: 1) Accumulation of fatty acids by the liver and ketone production are associated with delayed first ovulation; 2) The liver is the main source of IGF-I. NEBAL will continue as a consequence of high milk yield, but dietary supplements are currently available to circumvent the effects on liver function. For this project, supplementation was begun prepartum prior to NEBAL in an effort to reduce detrimental effects on liver and ovarian function. Fats either high or low in unsaturated fatty acids were compared for their ability to reduce liver triglyceride accumulation. Secondarily, feeding specific fats during a period of high lipid turnover caused by NEBAL provides a novel approach for manipulating phospholipid pools in tissues including ovary and uterus. Increased insulin from propylene glycol (glucogenic) was anticipated to reduce lipolysis and increase IGF-I. The same supplements were utilized in both the USA and Israel, to compare effects across different diets and environments. Conclusions: High milk production and very good postpartum health was achieved by dietary supplementation. Peripartum PGLY supplementation had no significant effects on reproductive variables. Prepartum fat supplementation either did not improve metabolic profile and ovarian and uterine responses in early lactation (USA) or decreased intake when added to dry cow diets (Israel). Steroid production in ovarian follicles was greater in lactating dairy cows receiving supplemental fat (unsaturated), although in a field trail fertility to insemination was not improved.
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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, Vivid Amalia Khusna, and Inka B. Yusgiantoro. Crowdfunding Potential: Willingness to Invest and Donate for Green Project in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/pycrr-1.

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Highlights • Individual investors prefer to have an investment with high ROI rather than a low-profit investment with environmental and social benefits. • Males invest and donate more money than females in terms of quantity and frequency. • People with a level of education above an associate degree (D3) have a significantly higher level of willingness to invest and donate to green project, compared to people with a lower level of education. • In general, people with a higher income level have a higher willingness to invest. However, there is no proof on the relationship between level of income and willingness to donate. • The age increases have a positive correlation with the willingness to invest in green project. Nevertheless, people >44 years old are more interested in donating than investing. • The younger generation (<44 years) tends to pick higher returns and short payback periods compared to the older generations (>44 years). • The respondents tend to invest and donate to the project located in the frontier, outermost, and least developed region (3T) even though the majority of the respondents are from Java, Madura, and Bali. • A social project such as health and education are preferable projects chosen by the respondents to invest and donate to, followed by the conservation, climate crisis, region’s welfare, and clean energy access. • Clean energy has not been seen as one of the preferred targets for green project investors and donors due to the poor knowledge of its direct impact on the environment and people’s welfare. • The average willingness to invest and donate is IDR 10,527,004 and IDR 2,893,079/person/annum with desired return on investment (ROI) and payback period (PP) of 5–8% 24 months, respectively. • Respondents prefer to donate more money to reward donations than donations without reward. • There is an enormous potential of crowdfunding as green project alternative financing, including renewable energy. The total investment could reach up to IDR 192 trillion (USD 13.4 billion)/annum and up to IDR 46 trillion (USD 3.2 billion)/annum for donation. • The main bottlenecks are poor financial literacy and the lack of platforms to facilitate public participation. • COVID-19 has decreased willingness to pay and invest due to income reduction and the uncertain economic recovery situation. However, it makes people pay more attention to the sustainability factor (shifting paradigm in investment).
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Jejeebhoy, Shireen J. Addressing women's reproductive health needs: Priorities for the Family Welfare Programme. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1033.

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India's national family welfare program has two objectives—to address the needs of families, notably women and children, and to reduce population growth rates. In reality, the program has been disproportionately focused on achieving demographic targets by increasing contraceptive prevalence. In this process, women's needs have been overlooked, in terms of poor reproductive health (RH). There is a need to reorient program priorities to focus more holistically on RH needs and on woman-based services that respond to health needs in ways sensitive to the sociocultural constraints women and adolescent girls face in acquiring services and expressing health needs. This report presents a profile of substantive needs in the area of women's RH. It contains a brief overview of the demographic situation and the thrust of the program in India, points out gender disparities and constraints women face in acquiring quality health services, focuses on the RH situation and highlights the gaps between needs and available services, and sets out priorities for policy. It raises the need for greater attention to RH and services that are more focused on women, both adult and adolescent, in India, and discusses activities appropriate for further support.
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Campbell, Seth, Zoe Courville, Samantha Sinclair, and Joel Wilner. Brine, englacial structure and basal properties near the terminus of McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45303.

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We collected ∼1300 km of ground-penetrating radar profiles over McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using frequencies between 40 and 400 MHz to determine extent, continuity and depth to the brine. We also used profiles to determine meteoric ice thickness and locate englacial features, which may suggest ice shelf instability. The brine extends 9–13 km inland from the ice shelf terminus and covers the entire region between Ross, White and Black Islands. Jump unconformities and basal fractures exist in the brine and ice shelf, respectively, suggesting prior fracturing and re-suturing. One 100 MHz profile, the most distal from the ice shelf edge while still being situated over the brine, simultaneously imaged the brine and bottom of meteoric ice. This suggests a negative brine salinity gradient moving away from the terminus. The meteoric ice bottom was also imaged in a few select locations through blue ice in the ablation zone near Black Island. We suggest that brine, sediment-rich ice and poor antenna coupling on rough ice attenuates the signal in this area. When combined with other recent mass-balance and structural glaciology studies of MIS, our results could contribute to one of the most high-resolution physical models of an ice shelf in Antarctica.
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Gurung, M. B., Uma Pratap, N. C. T. D. Shrestha, H. K. Sharma, N. Islam, and N. B. Tamang. Beekeeping Training for Farmers in Afghanistan: Resource Manual for Trainers [in Urdu]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.564.

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Beekeeping contributes to rural development by supporting agricultural production through pollination and by providing honey, wax, and other products for home use and sale. It offers a good way for resource-poor farmers in the Hindu Kush Himalayas to obtain income, as it requires only a small start-up investment, can be carried out in a small space close to the home, and generally yields profits within a year of operation. A modern approach to bee management, using frame hives and focusing on high quality, will help farmers benefit most fully from beekeeping. This manual is designed to help provide beekeepers with the up-to-date training they need. It presents an inclusive curriculum developed through ICIMOD’s work with partner organizations in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, supported by the Austrian Development Agency. A wide range of stakeholders – trainers, trainees, government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), associations and federations, and private entrepreneurs – were engaged in the identification of curriculum needs and in development and testing of the curriculum. The manual covers the full range of beekeeping-related topics, including the use of bees for crop pollination; production of honey, wax and other hive products; honey quality standards; and using value chain and market management to increase beekeepers’ benefits. It also includes emerging issues and innovations regarding such subjects as indigenous honeybees, gender and equity, integrated pest management, and bee-related policy. The focus is on participatory hands-on training, with clear explanations in simple language and many illustrations. The manual provides a basic resource for trainers and field extension workers in government and NGOs, universities, vocational training institutes, and private sector organizations, and for local trainers in beekeeping groups, beekeeping resource centres, cooperatives, and associations, for use in training Himalayan farmers. Individual ICIMOD regional member countries are planning local language editions adapted for their countries’ specific conditions.
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8

Kaffenberger, Michelle, Lant Pritchett, and Martina Viarengo. Towards a Right to Learn: Concepts and Measurement of Global Education Poverty. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/085.

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The idea that children have a “right to education” has been widely accepted since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 (United Nations, 1948) and periodically reinforced since. The “right to education” has always, explicitly or implicitly, encompassed a “right to learn.” Measures of schooling alone, such as enrollment or grade attainment, without reference to skills, capabilities, and competencies acquired, are inadequate for defining education or education poverty. Because of education’s cumulative and dynamic nature, education poverty needs an “early” standard (e.g., Grade 3 or 4 or age 8 or 10) and a “late” standard (e.g., Grade 10 or 12 or ages 15 and older). Further, as with all international poverty definitions, there needs to be a low, extreme standard, which is found almost exclusively in low- and middle-income countries and can inform prioritization and action, and a higher “global” standard, against which even some children in high income countries would be considered education poor but which is considered a reasonable aspiration for all children. As assessed against any proposed standard, we show there is a massive learning crisis: students spend many years in school and yet do not reach an early standard of mastery of foundational skills nor do they reach any reasonable global minimum standard by the time they emerge from school. The overwhelming obstacle to addressing education poverty today is not enrollment/grade attainment nor inequality in learning achievement, but the fact that the typical learning profile is just too shallow for children to reach minimum standards.
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9

Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola, and Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.

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In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
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10

Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, Ann Blechl, and Phillip San Miguel. Validation of a candidate gene for increased grain protein content in wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695857.bard.

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High Grain Protein Content (GPC) of wheat is important for improved nutritional value and industrial quality. However, selection for this trait is limited by our poor understanding of the genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain. A gene with a large effect on GPC was detected on the short arm of chromosome 6B in a Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides accession from Israel (DIC, hereafter). During the previous BARD project we constructed a half-million clones Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library of tetraploid wheat including the high GPC allele from DIC and mapped the GPC-B1 locus within a 0.3-cM interval. Our long-term goal is to provide a better understanding of the genes controlling grain protein content in wheat. The specific objectives of the current project were to: (1) complete the positional cloning of the GPC-B1 candidate gene; (2) characterize the allelic variation and (3) expression profile of the candidate gene; and (4) validate this gene by using a transgenic RNAi approach to reduce the GPC transcript levels. To achieve these goals we constructed a 245-kb physical map of the GPC-B1 region. Tetraploid and hexaploid wheat lines carrying this 245-kb DIC segment showed delayed senescence and increased GPC and grain micronutrients. The complete sequencing of this region revealed five genes. A high-resolution genetic map, based on approximately 9,000 gametes and new molecular markers enabled us to delimit the GPC-B1 locus to a 7.4-kb region. Complete linkage of the 7.4-kb region with earlier senescence and increase in GPC, Zn, and Fe concentrations in the grain suggested that GPC-B1 is a single gene with multiple pleiotropic effects. The annotation of this 7.4-kb region identified a single gene, encoding a NAC transcription factor, designated as NAM-B1. Allelic variation studies demonstrated that the ancestral wild wheat allele encodes a functional NAC transcription factor whereas modern wheat varieties carry a non-functional NAM-B1 allele. Quantitative PCR showed that transcript levels for the multiple NAMhomologues were low in flag leaves prior to anthesis, after which their levels increased significantly towards grain maturity. Reduction in RNA levels of the multiple NAMhomologues by RNA interference delayed senescence by over three weeks and reduced wheat grain protein, Zn, and Fe content by over 30%. In the transgenic RNAi plants, residual N, Zn and Fe in the dry leaves was significantly higher than in the control plants, confirming a more efficient nutrient remobilization in the presence of higher levels of GPC. The multiple pleiotropic effects of NAM genes suggest a central role for these genes as transcriptional regulators of multiple processes during leaf senescence, including nutrient remobilization to the developing grain. The cloning of GPC-B1 provides a direct link between the regulation of senescence and nutrient remobilization and an entry point to characterize the genes regulating these two processes. This may contribute to their more efficient manipulation in crops and translate into food with enhanced nutritional value. The characterization of the GPC-B1 gene will have a significant impact on wheat production in many regions of the world and will open the door for the identification of additional genes involved in the accumulation of protein in the grain.
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