Journal articles: 'Profileurs de vent'

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MAUPRIVEZ, Michel, and Jean-Pierre SANDRA. "Les profileurs de vent à vocation opérationnelle." La Météorologie 8, no. 39 (2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/36250.

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-Mauprivez, M. "Les profileurs de vent UHF à usage opérationnel." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 04 (2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2002.041.

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Dura, Ana, Paraskevi Nomikou, Theo J. Mertzimekis, Mark D. Hannington, Sven Petersen, and Serafim Poulos. "Identifying Probable Submarine Hydrothermal Spots in North Santorini Caldera Using the Generalized Moments Method." Geosciences 13, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13090269.

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The presence of active hydrothermal vent fields near residential areas and their possible link to volcanic activity poses a potential hazard to the environment, society, and the economy. By capitalizing on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle sampling methodologies and applying the Generalized Moments Method model for geological and physical processes in these environments, we shed light on the underlying dynamics shaping the physicochemical characteristics of the vents. In this study, we focus on the Northern Caldera of Santorini and, more specifically, on the recorded CTD data (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth). The data sets were collected in 2017 in Santorini using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle during the GEOMAR POS510 mission. Our research shows that the active vent field within the caldera probably follows a multifractal behavior and exhibits a weak memory effect. Depth Profiles and Time Series show similar behavior among conductivity and temperature. The variance and moments of both parameters underline the existence of two different mechanisms governing the behavior of the vent field. Finally, the structure function shows that changes in the time series are described by a Cauchy–Lorentz distribution.

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Scarponi, Daniele, Arianna Mancuso, Stefano Goffredo, and Michał Kowalewski. "Mollusk Response Under Ocean Acidification in Shallow Marine Settings of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.tbsm5836.

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Anthropogenic CO2 is a major driver of change in most marine ecosystems, as the consequent ocean acidification is threatening marine calcifying organisms. In this respect, long-term analyses on ocean acidification effects on marine ecosystems acclimated to high pCO2, as found around CO2 vents, are needed. Here we tackle mollusk assemblages from acidified shallow marine settings off the Aeolian archipelago (Central Mediterranean). The detected gradient manifests along a 34 m long transect (9.6 m and 11.4 m water depth), mostly in a Posidonia oceanica matte from normal (site 1) to high levels (site 3) of pCO2 (405 μatm, pH 8.1 and 715 μatm, pH 7.8; respectively). The strongest acidified condition at the vent crater (site 4, pCO2 1110 μatm, pH 7.7). At the vent site gaseous emissions are characterized by ~99% in volume of CO2 and ~0.6% of H2S. However, water dissolved H2S was below detection limit and the sulphate content along the transect does not show significant variations with respect to normal seawater values. Preliminary paleoecologic surveys on diversity structure (diversity profiles) and taphonomic degradation (NMDS, z scored % values) were conducted on mollusk remains collected along the natural pH gradient (sites 1-4). Along the P. oceanica matte (sites 1-3), overall mollusk taxon diversity (alpha and beta) decreased, mollusk in site 3 were mostly juveniles and had higher overall taphonomic damages than those retrieved at normal pH conditions. Within the vent crater only fewer and highly taphonomically altered gastropod specimens were retrieved on the pebbly seafloor, suggesting a very short residence time of shell material and rapid dissolution. Even if vents are not exact predictors of the anthropogenic-designed future of marine settings, due to their limited spatial and temporal extent, they can act as natural laboratories where to evaluate the output of ecosystem processes under rising pCO2 and the effects on the creation of the future fossil record.

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Li, Jiangwei, Lanping Zhang, Yufang Li, Keshao Liu, Yongqin Liu, Sijun Huang, Furun Li, Chen-Tung A. Chen, Yao Zhang, and Anyi Hu. "A Comprehensive Profile of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Water Column of a Shallow-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystem." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031776.

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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) became an emerging contaminant, and were found to accumulate in natural and man-made environments. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity and abundance of ARGs in pristine environments is critical for defining the baseline levels of environmental ARGs. However, there is limited information available on the ARG profiles of pristine environments, especially for shallow-sea hydrothermal vents ecosystems. Here, we combined 16S rRNA gene full-length amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to study the bacterial communities, and ARG abundance and diversity in the shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem of the Kueishantao Islet. The results of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that several sulfur-cycling related bacterial genera, including Thiomicrorhabdus, Thioreductor, Sulfurovum, Sulfurimonas and Lebetimonas, dominated in the water column of the shallow-sea system. Temperature was the significant factor shaping the bacterial communities. The results of HT-qPCR analysis showed that the Kueishantao shallow-sea system harbored the lowest diversity (average 10 ARG subtypes) and abundance (average 1.0 × 10−3 copy per bacterial cell) of ARGs compared with other pristine (i.e., Tibet lake sediments, marine water and sediments) and anthropogenic-disturbed (i.e., drinking water reservoirs, urban ponds and wastewater treatment plants) environments. Procrustes analysis demonstrated a concordant pattern between the compositions of bacterial communities and ARGs in the shallow-sea system, while variation partition analysis revealed that the shared effects of physicochemical and bacterial communities explained >80% of the variation in the composition of ARGs. These results suggest that the vent bacterial communities and local environmental factors played an important role in shaping the distribution of the ARG profiles. Our study provides the first comprehensive overview of the background level of ARGs in a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem.

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Pettinelli, Elena, Stan E. Beaubien, Annalisa Zaja, Antonio Menghini, Nicola Praticelli, Elisabetta Mattei, Andrea Di Matteo, Aldo Annunziatellis, Giancarlo Ciotoli, and Salvatore Lombardi. "Characterization of a C O2 gas vent using various geophysical and geochemical methods." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 3 (May 2010): B137—B146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3420735.

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An understanding of gas migration along faults is important in many geologic research fields, such as geothermal exploration, risk assessment, and, more recently, the geologic storage of man-made carbon dioxide [Formula: see text]. If these gases reach the surface, they typically are discharged to the atmosphere from small areas known as gas vents. In a study of an individual gas vent located in the extinct Latera caldera, central Italy, near-surface geochemical and geophysical surveys were conducted to define the spatial distribution of gas-induced effects in the first few meters of the soil and, by inference, the 3D structure and geometry of the associated gas-permeable fault. Grid surveys and detailed profiles were performed across this vent using time-domain reflectometry (TDR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), frequency-domain electromagnetics (FDEM), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and gas geochemistry measurements. Detailed profilesurveys indicate that the leaking [Formula: see text] has changed the physical, chemical, and biological soil environment of the vent, resulting in significant spatial variations in parameters (e.g., water content and soil electric/dielectric properties) that influence geophysical measurement results. Despite the strong difference in vertical and lateral resolution and depth of investigation, all methods show the same general trends and similar relative variations in the measured physical parameters. TDR and GPR data highlight anomalous shallow lateral variations, whereas FDEM and ERT measurements identify the vertical extension of the anomalous zone. All methods highlight a north-northwest–south-southeast anomaly alignment that we associate with the main fault; FDEM and, to a lesser extent, [Formula: see text] flux also show elongation orthogonal to this direction, implying that the vent may occur at the intersection of two structures. Thus, different near-surface geophysical and geochemical methods can provide important information on faults and their gas-migration characteristics.

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Klaus, Vladislav, Jacki Pilon, Guy Chérel, and Jean-Marie Donier. "La mesure automatique du vent en altitude : le profileur de vent en phase préopérationnelle." La Météorologie 8, no. 7 (1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/53440.

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Arasu, S., and A. Krishnamoorthy. "Design and Manufacturing of Conical Vent Profile Disc Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.1028.

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Braking system is one amongst the foremost vital contact mechanisms in an automobile. The braking potency in automobile depends on the desertion characteristics of the constraint assembly. The heat refusal from the system is proportional to the desertion of brake. This paper aims to bring out producing, testing of conical shape vent profile and studies of existing cooling vent profile heat refusal throughout the braking. This result reduces the thermal and structural stress on the brake plate. The prevailing vehicles brakes has been made from cylindrical vent profiles that in theory has lesser cooling potency because the direction of the air flow .The profile favor to increase the cooling potency by conical shape vent. The vent is reshaped in such some way that the face of the round shape vent is within the direction of air flow throughout vehicle motion that permits a lot of quantity of air to flow across the brake plate. This style changes results to extend the heat convey rate throughout the braking

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Myrum, T. A. "Natural Convection From a Heat Source in a Top-Vented Enclosure." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910434.

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Natural convection from a heated disk situated at the bottom of a top-vented enclosure was studied experimentally. The experiments were performed in water (Pr ≅ 5) for parametric variations of the vent opening size, inner enclosure height, and disk-to-enclosure-wall tempearture difference (Rayleigh number). For comparison purposes, baseline data were obtained for an unvented enclosure and for the “infinite” case (no enclosure). The heat transfer data were supplemented by cross-vent temperature measurements and by flow visualization using the thymol-blue electrochemical technique. The experiments demonstrated that, for the range of parameters considered, the average Nusselt numbers could be correlated using a single correlation to within 8 percent. It was also found that the presence of the enclosure (vented or unvented) acted to reduce the Nusselt number, especially at the lower Rayleigh numbers. Flow visualization experiments revealed an unstable flow pattern in the vicinity of the vent that fluctuated in a nonperiodic manner between four basic modes. Temperature measurements revealed asymmetric mean cross-vent temperature profiles, with the mean temperature level increasing with decreasing vent size. The intensity of the temperature fluctuations in the vent opening also increased with decreasing vent size.

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Foda, Ahmed S., Yehya E. Imam, Abd Allah S. Bazaraa, and Emad H. Imam. "Three-dimensional numerical study of submerged spatial hydraulic jumps." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0021.

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AbstractA three-dimensional numerical model was applied to simulate submerged spatial hydraulic jumps (SSHJ) downstream of a symmetric vent that discharges into a wider channel. Simulations were carried out for different aspect ratios of the vent, expansion ratios of vent width to downstream channel width, tailwater depth, and inlet Froude number. Depending on these factors, simulations indicated the formation of steady asymmetric SSHJ, oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, and steady symmetric SSHJ, consistent with results of previous experimental studies. The model reproduced observed depth downstream of vent, jump length, and velocity profiles along channel centerline for steady symmetric SSHJ. For oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, simulated oscillation frequencies had Strouhal numbers that varied with expansion ratio and ranged between 0.003 and 0.015. With piers downstream of the vent, oscillatory SSHJ continued to exhibit jet deflections when pier length was relatively short ( ≲ 0.2 of jump length) but became steady asymmetric for longer piers.

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Pettinelli, Elena, Stan E. Beaubien, Salvatore Lombardi, and A. Peter Annan. "GPR, TDR, and geochemistry measurements above an active gas vent to study near-surface gas-migration pathways." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 1 (January 2008): A11—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2815991.

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The migration of deep gas to the atmosphere along faults and associated structures is important in many fields, from studying the natural contribution of atmospheric greenhouse gases leaking from geothermal areas to ensuring the safety of man-made natural gas and carbon dioxide [Formula: see text] geologic-storage sites. Near-surface geophysical and geochemical techniques were applied to a naturally occurring gas vent located along a deep terrestrial fault to better understand the structure and geophysical response of this gas-migration pathway. A number of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles were first conducted across the vent. Spot samples were then measured along one of these profiles for in situ apparent permittivity (using time-domain reflectometry — TDR), complex permittivity on dried samples (using a capacitivecell), soil-gas composition, and clay and bulk mineralogy. Results show how the migrating gas induces secondary effects that modify the signature of the vent as seen in the GPR profiles. In particular, high flux rates across the vent core (i.e., the central portion of the vent) result in a total lack of vegetation, which in turn leads to high water content that is likely responsible, together with increased bulk conductivity, for GPR signal blanking. In the transition zone surrounding the core, a water-content minimum and other changes contribute to a deeper GPR signal penetration that highlights dipping events. Data show that the structure itself is slightly asymmetrical, which may indicate more fracturing to one side of the feature. This study shows that GPR surveys are capable of imaging secondary effects induced by gas migration in soils above a structural discontinuity, even if the structure itself cannot be imaged.

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Chen, Y. J., J. Y. Wu, C. T. A. Chen, and L. L. Liu. "Effects of low-pH stress on shell traits of the dove snail, Anachis misera, inhabiting shallow-vent environments off Kueishan Islet, Taiwan." Biogeosciences 12, no. 9 (May 5, 2015): 2631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2631-2015.

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Abstract. The effects of naturally acidified seawater on shell traits were quantified through the comparison of dove snails (Family: Columbellidae) Anachis misera from vent environments with Euplica sp. from non-vent sites in northeastern Taiwan. Samples of A. misera were collected around a shallow vent (24.8341° N, 121.96191° E), which included the east, south, southwest, and northwest sites. An absence of Anachis snails was found in the most acidic north site (pH 7.19–7.25). Based on the similarities of protein expression profiles, the Anachis snails were classified into two groups, i.e., V-South (pH 7.78–7.82) and V-Rest (pH 7.31–7.83). Comparing their shell traits to the non-vent Euplica sp. from Da-xi (DX) and Geng-fang (GF) (pH 8.1–8.2), a difference in shell shape (shell width : shell length) was found, with the populations having more globular shells than the non-vent ones. The means of shell width were significantly different among sites (p < 0.01), with a descending order of GF > DX > V-South and V-Rest. The relationships of shell length to total weight were curvilinear for both Anachis and Euplica snails. The logarithmically transformed slopes differed significantly among sites, and the mean body weight of the GF population was greater than that of the others (p < 0.01). Positive correlations between shell length and shell thickness of body whorl (T1) and penultimate whorl (T2) were only observed in non-vent GF and DX populations. Anachis snails from vent sites were thinner in T1 and T2 compared to the Euplica snails from non-vent sites (p < 0.05). Within each vent group, shell thickness between T1 and T2 was insignificantly different. Between vent groups, T1 and T2 from V-Rest showed a decrease of 10.6 and 10.2%, respectively, compared to V-South ones. The decrease of T1 and T2 between vent Anachis snails and non-vent Euplica snails was as great as 55.6 and 29.0%, respectively. This was the first study to compare snail's morphological traits under varying shallow-vent stresses with populations previously classified by biochemical responses. Overall, the shallow-vent-based findings provide additional information from subtropics on the effects of acidified seawater on gastropod snails in natural environments.

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Dura, Ana, Theo J. Mertzimekis, Evangelos Bakalis, Paraskevi Nomikou, Andreas Gondikas, Mark D. Hannington, and Sven Petersen. "CTD data profiling to assess the natural hazard of active submarine vent fields: the case of Santorini Island." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 56, no. 1 (April 4, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.20942.

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Almost three quarters of known volcanic activity on Earth occurs in underwater locations. The presence of active hydrothermal vent fields in such environments is a potential natural hazard for the environment, the society, and the economy. Despite its importance for risk assessment and risk mitigation, monitoring of the activity is impeded by the remoteness and the extreme conditions of underwater volcanoes. The large difference of population present on Santorini between the winter and summer seasons, all within a partially enclosed system, make the Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, an ideal place for detailed exploration. In 2017, GEOMAR in collaboration with the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (mission: POS-510 ANYDROS), used an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to map the NE–trending Santorini–Kolumbo line, where it also collected CTD data. Here we present the preliminary results from the 15-hour survey held on the 25th March 2017, during the POS-510 expedition targeting the vent field which is located in the North Basin of Santorini Caldera. Detailed CTD 3D profiles have been reconstructed from the raw data of Santorini’s vent field. An anomaly emerges at the depth of 350 m in the Conductivity and Salinity depth profiles, as the CTD sensor is placed directly above the vent sources. Anomalies were evident in the 3D maps reconstructed, showing for the first time a rather weak, but underlying hydrothermal vent activity at various locations. As the present results are the first ones produced from this expedition, further investigation is required incorporating the full dataset. Based on those results, the impact of developing appropriate mechanisms and policies to avoid the associated natural hazard is expected to be immense.

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Burd, Brenda J., and Richard E. Thomson. "Seasonal patterns in deep acoustic backscatter layers near vent plumes in the northeastern Pacific Ocean." FACETS 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2018-0027.

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We used moored 75 kHz acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) to examine seasonal cycles in zooplankton deep scattering layers (DSLs) observed below 1300 m depth at Endeavour Ridge hydrothermal vents. DSLs are present year-round in the lower water column near vent plumes. Temporal variations suggest passive, flow-induced displacements superimposed on migratory movements. Although the strongest DSLs are shallower than the neutrally buoyant plumes (1900–2100 m), anomalies also occur at and below plume depth. Upward movement from plume depth in the main DSL is evident in late summer/fall, resulting in shallower DSLs in winter, consistent with the timing of adult diapause/reproduction in upper-ocean migratory copepods. Movement from the upper ocean to plume depth coincides with pre-adult migration to greater depths in spring. Synchronous 20–40 d cycles in DSLs may account for patchiness in space and time of above-plume zooplankton layers observed in summer during previous net-sampling surveys, and suggests lateral and vertical migratory movements to counter current drift away from plume-derived food sources. Persistent near-bottom DSLs move vertically between the spreading plume and seafloor. Historical net data suggests that these are deep, resident fauna. Unlike upper ocean fauna, they seem to be advected considerable distances from the ridge axis, where they are evident as remnant scattering layers.

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Bettencourt, R., M. I. Rodrigues, I. Barros, T. Cerqueira, C. Freitas, V. Costa, M. Pinheiro, C. Egas, and R. S. Santos. "Differential gene expression in the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus from the Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2013): 2013–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-2013-2013.

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Abstract. The deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus is a symbiont bearing bivalve that is found in great abundance at the Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike vent sites and in close vicinity off the Azores region near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The distinct relationships that vent mussels have developed with their physical and chemical environments are likely reflected in global gene expression profiles providing thus a means to distinguish geographically distinct vent mussels on the basis of gene expression studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, to assess the natural expression of bacterial genes and vent mussel immune genes and the constitutive distribution and relative abundance of endosymbiotic bacteria within gill tissues. Our results confirmed the presence of methanotroph-related endosymbionts in Menez Gwen vent mussels whereas Lucky Strike specimens seem to harbor a different bacterial morphotype when a methane monooxygenase gene specific probe was used. No qualitative differences could be visualized between Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike individuals when tested with sulfur-oxidizing-related nucleic-acid probe. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies revealed varied gene expression profiles in both Menez Gwen and Lucky Strike mussel gill tissues for the immune genes selected. Genes encoding transcription factors presented noticeably low levels of fold expression whether in MG or LS animals whereas the genes encoding effector molecules appeared to have higher levels expression in MG gill tissues. The peptidoglycan recognition molecule, encoding gene, PGRP presented the highest level of transcriptional activity among the genes analyzed in MG gill tissues, seconded by carcinolectin and thus denoting the relevance of immune recognition molecules in early stage of the immune responses onset. Genes regarded as encoding molecules involved in signaling pathways were consistently expressed in both MG and LS gill tissues. Remarkably, the immunity-related GTPase encoding gene demonstrated in LS samples, the highest level of expression among the signaling molecule encoding genes tested when expressions levels were compared between MG and LG animals. A differential expression analysis of bacterial genes between MG and LS indicated a clear expression signature in LS gill tissues. The bacterial community structure ensued from the 16S rRNA sequencing analyses pointed at a unpredicted conservation of endosymbiont bacterial loads between MG and LS samples. Taken together, our results support the premise that Bathymodiolus azoricus exhibits different transcriptional statuses depending on which hydrothermal vent site it is collected from and within the same collection site while exhibiting differential levels of expression of genes corresponding to different immune functional categories. The present study represents a first attempt to characterize gene expression signatures in hydrothermal vent animals issued from distinct deep-sea environmental sites based on immune and bacterial genes expressions.

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Bailey, K., M. Garson, S. Kearns, and A. P. Velasco. "Carbonate volcanism in Calatrava, central Spain: a report on the initial findings." Mineralogical Magazine 69, no. 6 (December 2005): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461056960298.

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AbstractLate Tertiary-Quaternary volcanism around Calatrava, within the Hercynian massif of central Spain, is alkaline mafic-ultramafic, with ∼250 centres, mainly monogenetic cones and vents, with melilitite the most abundant eruptive. Carbonatite may be expected in association with melilitite and a clear example of magmatic carbonate emerged from a brief field reconnaissance. It is a vent filled with a mixed eruption of glassy melilitite lapilli in a carbonate matrix. Levels and profiles of trace elements are inseparable from recognized carbonatite, and totally unlike those in local sedimentary limestone and caliche. C and O isotopes are the same as those reported for carbonatite ashes in other provinces. Carbonate is present as globules in the melilitite glass, and as inclusions within large clinopyroxene and olivine grains, which are largely xenocrystic. Euhedral spinels in melilitite and carbonate matrix are chromite mantled with titano-magnetite, reported previously only from high-temperature kimberlite. Wehrlite fragments indicate direct eruption from the mantle. Phlogopite and chromian spinel are found only as inclusions in the olivine, pointing to a phlogopite-carbonate mantle source region of the type favoured for carbonatite and melilitite melt generation. Calatrava represents the most southerly and westerly expression in mainland Europe of intra-continental carbonatite-melilitite volcanism. Follow-up field visits have shown that carbonate volcanism is extensive and voluminous throughout the province, requiring a long-term research programme.

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Custodio, Diogo Machado, Jorge Yamasaki, Hildo Romeo Quinsan Junior, and Gilberto Fernando Fisch. "PERFILADOR DE VENTO NO CENTRO DE LANÇAMENTO DE ALCÂNTARA: UMA ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA." Ciência e Natura 38 (July 20, 2016): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x20235.

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Monitoring the atmospheric conditions is one of the main activities in Aerospace Meteorology. During the launch spacecraft operations, measuring the wind at various atmospheric layers is crucial to mission success. In the Alcantara Launch Center operates a Wind Profiler (WP) Vaisala LAP-12000 which provides vertical profiles of wind between 1500 and 6000m of altitude, in layers of 145m, at intervals of 10 minutes. This study conducts a statistical analysis over one year of data obtained with WP by comparison with Vaisala RS92SGP radiosondes (RS). Correlation (ρ) analyses were performed on wind speed and its zonal and meridional components; and mean and standard deviation (σ) of the differences between the zonal and meridional components. The results has shown a strong correlation between the data acquired with both instruments, with ρ > 0,75 and σ 6 3m/s in all performed analyses.

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Nunoura, Takuro, Hanako Oida, Miwako Nakaseama, Ayako Kosaka, Satoru B. Ohkubo, Toru Kikuchi, Hiromi Kazama, et al. "Archaeal Diversity and Distribution along Thermal and Geochemical Gradients in Hydrothermal Sediments at the Yonaguni Knoll IV Hydrothermal Field in the Southern Okinawa Trough." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 4 (December 18, 2009): 1198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00924-09.

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ABSTRACT A variety of archaeal lineages have been identified using culture-independent molecular phylogenetic surveys of microbial habitats occurring in deep-sea hydrothermal environments such as chimney structures, sediments, vent emissions, and chemosynthetic macrofauna. With the exception of a few taxa, most of these archaea have not yet been cultivated, and their physiological and metabolic traits remain unclear. In this study, phylogenetic diversity and distribution profiles of the archaeal genes encoding small subunit (SSU) rRNA, methyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase subunit A, and the ammonia monooxygenase large subunit were characterized in hydrothermally influenced sediments at the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field in the Southern Okinawa Trough. Sediment cores were collected at distances of 0.5, 2, or 5 m from a vent emission (90°C). A moderate temperature gradient extends both horizontally and vertically (5 to 69°C), indicating the existence of moderate mixing between the hydrothermal fluid and the ambient sediment pore water. The mixing of reductive hot hydrothermal fluid and cold ambient sediment pore water establishes a wide spectrum of physical and chemical conditions in the microbial habitats that were investigated. Under these different physico-chemical conditions, variability in archaeal phylotype composition was observed. The relationship between the physical and chemical parameters and the archaeal phylotype composition provides important insight into the ecophysiological requirements of uncultivated archaeal lineages in deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments, giving clues for approximating culture conditions to be used in future culturing efforts.

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Alcaide, María, Anatoli Tchigvintsev, Mónica Martínez-Martínez, Ana Popovic, Oleg N. Reva, Álvaro Lafraya, Rafael Bargiela, et al. "Identification and Characterization of Carboxyl Esterases of Gill Chamber-Associated Microbiota in the Deep-Sea Shrimp Rimicaris exoculata by Using Functional Metagenomics." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 6 (January 16, 2015): 2125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03387-14.

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ABSTRACTThe shrimpRimicaris exoculatadominates the fauna in deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (depth, 2,320 m). Here, we identified and biochemically characterized three carboxyl esterases from microbial communities inhabiting theR. exoculatagill that were isolated by naive screens of a gill chamber metagenomic library. These proteins exhibit low to moderate identity to known esterase sequences (≤52%) and to each other (11.9 to 63.7%) and appear to have originated from unknown species or from genera ofProteobacteriarelated toThiothrix/Leucothrix(MGS-RG1/RG2) and to theRhodobacteraceaegroup (MGS-RG3). A library of 131 esters and 31 additional esterase/lipase preparations was used to evaluate the activity profiles of these enzymes. All 3 of these enzymes had greater esterase than lipase activity and exhibited specific activities with ester substrates (≤356 U mg−1) in the range of similar enzymes. MGS-RG3 was inhibited by salts and pressure and had a low optimal temperature (30°C), and its substrate profile clustered within a group of low-activity and substrate-restricted marine enzymes. In contrast, MGS-RG1 and MGS-RG2 were most active at 45 to 50°C and were salt activated and barotolerant. They also exhibited wider substrate profiles that were close to those of highly active promiscuous enzymes from a marine hydrothermal vent (MGS-RG2) and from a cold brackish lake (MGS-RG1). The data presented are discussed in the context of promoting the examination of enzyme activities of taxa found in habitats that have been neglected for enzyme prospecting; the enzymes found in these taxa may reflect distinct habitat-specific adaptations and may constitute new sources of rare reaction specificities.

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Zhang, Hongwei, Songhua Wu, Jintao Liu, Yuanshuai Zhang, and Xiaomin Chen. "Research on Non-Invasive Laser Doppler Current Measurement for Hydrothermal Vents Flow Rates Profile." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 07023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023707023.

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Hydrothermal vents play important roles in the dynamic process of the stratosphere and the circulation of energy materials. Nowadays, invasive devices such as vane-type flow meter and turbine flow meter are commonly utilized to estimate the flow rates of hydrothermal vents. In- situ observation data obtained by LDCP system and CFD methods will be combined to solve the blind area of LDCP system during in-situ observation measurements. The flow rates profiles obtained in this project will improve the research on the circulation of energy materials and mineralization.

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Thompson, B. R., D. Maynes, and B. W. Webb. "Characterization of the Hydrodynamically Developing Flow in a Microtube Using MTV." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 5 (May 5, 2005): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1989368.

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Micro-molecular tagging velocimetry (μMTV) has been used to characterize the hydrodynamic developing flow in a microtube inlet with a nominal inner diameter of 180μm. Velocity profile data at 11 axial locations within the hydrodynamic developing region were acquired using the μMTV approach and the results represent the first characterization of hydrodynamically developing pipe flow at the microscale. The uncertainty in measurements of time-averaged velocity profiles ranged from 6% to 7% of the centerline velocity. The uncertainty in instantaneous measurements is in the range 8%–16% of the peak maximum velocity. Data were taken at Reynolds numbers of 60, 100, 140, 290, and 350. The data suggest the formation of a vena contracta with either locally turbulent flow or unsteady laminar flow separation early in the tube for the larger Reynolds (Re) numbers, which is quite different from macroscale experiment or numerical simulation where a vena-contracta is not observed for Re<500. The velocity profiles obtained very near the tube entrance exhibited a uniform velocity core flow surrounded by regions of relatively stagnant fluid in the near wall regions. The size of the inferred recirculation zones, measured velocity rms, and maximum shear rates all exhibit increasing magnitude with increasing Reynolds number. The velocity profiles were observed to evolve in the downstream direction until the classical parabolic distribution existed. The total hydrodynamic entry length agrees well with values published in the literature for laminar flow with a uniform inlet velocity, despite the existence of the observed vena contracta.

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Chen, Y. J., J. Y. Wu, C. T. A. Chen, and L. L. Liu. "Effects of low pH stress on shell traits and proteomes of the dove snail, Anachis misera inhabiting shallow vent environments off Kueishan Islet, Taiwan." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2014): 17207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-17207-2014.

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Abstract. The effects of naturally acidified seawater on a snail species, Anachis misera (Family: Columbellidae) were quantified in five shallow vent-based environments off Kueishan Islet, Taiwan. An absence of Anachis snails was observed in the most acidic North site (pH 7.22), and the size structure differed among the remaining East, South, Southwest and Northwest sites. If a positive correlation between shell length and shell width or total weight existed, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the equations was low, i.e., 0.207–0.444. Snails from the Northwest site (pH 7.33) exhibited a more globular shape than those of the South ones (pH 7.80). Standardized shell thickness T1 (thickness of body whorl : shell length) and T2 (thickness of penultimate whorl : shell length) from the Northwest site showed a decrease of 6.3 and 9.4%, respectively, compared to the South ones. In a similar vein, based on the 16 examined protein spots, protein expression profiles of snails in the South were distinct. With further characterization by principle component analysis, the separation was mainly contributed by the first (i.e., spots 8, 1, 15, and 12) and second (i.e., spots 15, 13, 12, 1, and 11) principal-components. As a whole, the shallow vent-based findings provide new information from subtropics on the effects of ocean acidification on gastropod snails in natural environments.

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Barclay, David R. "Passive acoustic exploration of the ocean." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 3_supplement (March 1, 2023): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018410.

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Encoded in the spectral density, spatial variability, and directionality (spatial coherence) of the ambient sound field is information on the generation mechanisms of sound and the properties of the ocean propagation environment and its boundaries. Through field and observatory measurements, and analytical and computational models of the underwater sound field, a research program has been pursued that asks, “What can we learn about the ocean by listening?” Large acoustic data sets have been exploited to develop an estimate of the effective source level per unit area of surface generated noise. In complement, a methodology for precisely partitioning the sound field into ship generated and wind generated components by exploiting the vertical noise directionality has been demonstrated. Models of the spatial properties of wind driven and ship generated sound have further been used to estimate the geoacoustic properties of the seabed, the depth of mix layer, depth-averaged pH, and localize a source in bearing and azimuth using only a pair of vertically oriented omnidirectional hydrophones. An autonomous passive acoustic profiler, The Deep Acoustic Lander (DAL), recently made measurements of the ambient sound field from the surface to the bottom of the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, precisely determining the mixing of a locally- and distantly generated contributions to the sound field. Meanwhile, DAL measurements at the Endeavour hydrothermal vent field have revealed components of the sound field generated by vent activity.

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JUNG, Ki Youn, Chunmei LIN, Jung-Min YON, A. Young JUNG, Seul Gi PARK, Sl Bi CHU, Lee Wha GWON, and Sang-Yoon NAM. "Postnatal expression profiles of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathioneperoxidase in spermatogenesis in mice." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 40 (2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1505-92.

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Augere, Beatrice, Matthieu Valla, Anne Durécu, Agnès Dolfi-Bouteyre, Didier Goular, François Gustave, Christophe Planchat, Didier Fleury, Thierry Huet, and Claudine Besson. "Three-Dimensional Wind Measurements with the Fibered Airborne Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar LIVE." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090549.

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A three-dimensional (3D) wind profiling Lidar, based on the latest high power 1.5 µm fiber laser development at Onera, has been successfully flown on-board a SAFIRE (Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement) ATR42 aircraft. The Lidar called LIVE (LIdar VEnt) is designed to measure wind profiles from the aircraft down to ground level, with a horizontal resolution of 3 km, a vertical resolution of 100 m and a designed accuracy on each three wind vector components better than 0.5 m.s−1. To achieve the required performance, LIVE Lidar emits 410 µJ laser pulses repeating at 14 KHz with a duration of 700 ns and uses a conical scanner of 30° total opening angle and a full scan time of 17 s.

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Ker, Yaw-Bee, Kuan-Chou Chen, Chiung-Chi Peng, Chiu-Lan Hsieh, and Robert Y. Peng. "Structural Characteristics and Antioxidative Capability of the Soluble Polysaccharides Present inDictyophora indusiata(Vent. Ex Pers.) Fish Phallaceae." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq041.

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Dictyophora indusiata(Vent. ex Pers.) Fish Phallaceae (Chinese name Zhu-Sūn, the bamboo fungi) has been used as a medicinal mushroom to treat many inflammatory, gastric and neural diseases since 618 AD in China. We hypothesize that the soluble polysaccharides (SP) present inD. indusiataand their monosaccharide profiles can act as an important role affecting the antioxidative capability, which in turn would influence the biological activity involving anti-inflammatory, immune enhancing and anticancer. We obtained six SP fractions and designated them as D1, a galactoglucan; D2, a galactan; D3, the isoelectrically precipitated riboglucan from 2% NaOH; D4, a myoinositol; D5 and D6, the mannogalactans. The total SP accounted for 37.44% w/w, their molecular weight (MW) ranged within 801–4656 kDa. D3, having the smallest MW 801 kDa, exhibited the most potent scavenging effect against the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, •OH−, and•O2−radicals, yielding IC50values 0.11, 1.02 and 0.64 mg mL−1, respectively. Thus we have confirmed our hypothesis that the bioactivity ofD. indusiatais related in majority, if not entirely, to its soluble polysaccharide type regarding the MW and monosaccharide profiles.

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Suchý, P., E. Straková, B. Jarka, J. Thiemel, and V. Večerek. "Differences between metabolic profiles of egg-type and meat-type hybrid hens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 8 (December 13, 2011): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4316-cjas.

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The main objective of this study was to compare the metabolic profile (i.e. selected haematological and biochemical parameters in blood plasma) of production egg-type hybrid hens (E, MORAVIA BSL) with that of meat-type hybrid hens (M, COBB 500), and to evaluate dynamic changes occurring during the laying period from the 25th to 50th week of age. The study was prompted by both poultry farmers and veterinary practitioners since parameters defining the health of layers are absent. Selected parameters of the metabolic profile of layers were monitored regularly in 5-week intervals during egg laying. Samples of blood for haematological and biochemical examination were obtained by puncture of the vena basilica and stabilized by heparin. The study has revealed that monitored parameters of the metabolic profile significantly vary with factors such as production type, nutrition, and egg-laying intensity. Enhanced metabolism in egg-type hens was reflected in erythropoiesis which increased (in comparison with meat-type hens) highly significantly (P ≤ 0.01), particularly for erythrocyte count 2.36 T/l (2.14 T/l), haematocrit level 0.32 l/l (0.30 l/l), content of haemoglobin 94.48 g/l (84.18 g/l) and leukocyte count 17.06 G/l (13.22 G/l). Similarly, enhanced metabolism in egg-type hens also led to a highly significant increase (P ≤ 0.01) in the levels of biochemical parameters in blood plasma, particularly the total level of protein was 57.62 g/l (50.98) g/l), glucose 14.03 mmol/l (13.36 mmol/l), cholesterol 5.34 mmol/l (3.73 mmol/l) and calcium 6.52 mmol/l (5.52 mmol/l). ) In the case of the plasma level of phosphorus, no significant difference was found between egg-type hens (1.58 mmol/l) and meat-type hens (1.59 mmol/l). The reported results are based on the total of 180 haematological and biochemical analyses performed during the laying period. The results are crucial not only for future development of avian haematology and biochemistry, but also in respect to veterinary practice.    

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Hur, Beong Ik. "Comparisons between the Two Dose Profiles Extracted from Leksell GammaPlan and Calculated by Variable Ellipsoid Modeling Technique." Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7742/jksr.2017.11.1.9.

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Pimienta, María Cleopatra, Diego Salazar, and Suzanne Koptur. "The Nighttime Fragrance of Guettarda scabra (Rubiaceae): Flower Scent and Its Implications for Moth Pollination." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 29, 2023): 6312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176312.

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Floral scent is crucial for attracting pollinators, especially in plants that bloom at night. However, chemical profiles of flowers from nocturnal plants with varied floral morphs are poorly documented, limiting our understanding of their pollination ecology. We investigated the floral scent in Guettarda scabra (L.) Vent. (Rubiaceae), a night-blooming species with short- and long-styled floral morphs, found in the threatened pine rocklands in south Florida, US. By using dynamic headspace sampling and GC–MS analysis, we characterized the chemical profiles of the floral scent in both morphs. Neutral red staining was also employed to determine the specific floral regions responsible for scent emission in G. scabra. The results revealed that G. scabra’s fragrance consists entirely of benzenoid and terpenoid compounds, with benzeneacetaldehyde and (E)-β-ocimene as dominant components. There were no differences in the chemical profiles between the long- and short-styled flowers. Staining assays indicated that the corolla lobes, anthers, and stigma were the primary sources of the scent. These findings indicate that G. scabra’s floral scent is consistent with that of night-blooming plants pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths, providing important insights into its chemical ecology and pollinator attraction. This study demonstrates how floral scent chemistry can validate predictions based on flower morphology in hawkmoth-pollinated plants.

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Janssens, Marc, and Hao C. Tran. "Data Reduction of Room Tests for Zone Model Validation." Journal of Fire Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 1992): 528–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073490419201000604.

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Compartment fire zone models are based on many simplifying assumptions, in particular that gases stratify in two distinct layers. Because of these assumptions, certain model output is in a form unsuitable for direct com parison to measurements made in full-scale room tests. The experimental data must first be reduced and transformed to be compatible with the model output. In this article, new techniques are described to calculate neutral plane height, vent flow rates, uniform upper and lower layer temperature and interface height from measured temperature profiles. The new calculation procedures conserve mass in the room. The procedures were used for data reduction of a series of 8 gas burner calibration room tests. The results of one of the tests are discussed in detail as an illustrative example.

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YARANOĞLU, Büşra, and Ceyhan ÖZBEYAZ. "Quality characteristics and fatty acid profiles of Bafra, Akkaraman, andBafra × Akkaraman F1 lamb meat." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 43, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1812-73.

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HIZLISOY, Harun, Serhat AL, Nurhan ERTAŞ ONMAZ, Yeliz YILDIRIM, Zafer GÖNÜLALAN, and Kadir Semih GÜMÜŞSOY. "Antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence factors of Escherichia coliO157 collected from a poultry processing plant*." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 41 (2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1602-22.

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Lepage, Elodie, Evelyne Marguet, Claire Geslin, Oriane Matte-Tailliez, Wolfram Zillig, Patrick Forterre, and Patrick Tailliez. "Molecular Diversity of New Thermococcales Isolates from a Single Area of Hydrothermal Deep-Sea Vents as Revealed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting and 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1277-1286.2004.

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ABSTRACT Members of the Thermococcales are anaerobic Archaea belonging to the kingdom Euryarchaea that are studied in many laboratories as model organisms for hyperthermophiles. We describe here a molecular analysis of 86 new Thermococcales isolates collected from six different chimneys of a single hydrothermal field located in the 13Ã¯Â¿Â½N 104Ã¯Â¿Â½W segment of the East Pacific ridge at a depth of 2,330 m. These isolates were sorted by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting into nine groups, and nine unique RAPD profiles were obtained. One RAPD group corresponds to new isolates of Thermococcus hydrothermalis, whereas all other groups and isolates with unique profiles are different from the 22 reference strains included in this study. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives of each RAPD group and unique profiles showed that one group corresponds to Pyrococcus strains, whereas all the other isolates are Thermococcus strains. We estimated that our collection may contain at least 11 new species. These putative species, isolated from a single area of hydrothermal deep-sea vents, are dispersed in the 16S rRNA tree among the reference strains previously isolated from diverse hot environments (terrestrial, shallow water, hydrothermal vents) located around the world, suggesting that there is a high degree of dispersal of Thermococcales. About one-half of our isolates contain extrachromosomal elements that could be used to search for novel replication proteins and to develop genetic tools for hyperthermophiles.

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BARAITAREANU, Stelian, Maria Rodica OTELEA, Mihaela ZAULET, Kurt SCHNEIDER, Mihai TURCITU, Leonardo LEONARDI, and Doina DANES. "Comparison of the ovine prion protein genotype profiles of breeds Tigaie with Black Head and Merino." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 37 (2013): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1302-50.

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35

Khezzar, L., and J. H. Whitelaw. "Flows Through Round Sudden Contractions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 4 (July 1988): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_122_02.

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Measurements of the mean axial and radial components of velocity, the r.m.s. of the corresponding fluctuations and the wall static pressure are reported for flows through round sudden axi- and asymmetric contractions with an area ratio of 2.5 and were obtained at a Reynolds number of 40 000 based on the bulk velocity in the upstream pipe. In the axisymmetric case, the main changes in the approach velocity profiles occurred within a distance of one-half diameter upstream of the contraction, and the velocity profiles suggested that the flow separates at the entrance to the smaller diameter pipe. The wall static pressures revealed the presence of a vena-contracta downstream of the contraction plane. In the asymmetric case, the velocity profiles were very three-dimensional but regained symmetry by 9.5 diameters from the contraction plane.

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YİRMİBEŞOĞLU, Side Selin Su, and Burcu Emine TEFON ÖZTÜRK. "Comparing microbiological profiles, bioactivities, and physicochemical and sensory properties of donkey milk kefir and cow milk kefir." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-2001-82.

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37

Hsu, Yi-Chyun, Shan-Kun Chen, Jiun-Horng Tsai, and Hung-Lung Chiang. "Determination of Volatile Organic Profiles and Photochemical Potentials from Chemical Manufacture Process Vents." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 57, no. 6 (June 2007): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.6.698.

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38

Sekanina, Z. "Cometary Activity, Discrete Outgassing Areas, and Dust-Jet Formation." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 2 (1991): 769–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012720.

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Abstract.Major progress has recently been achieved in the understanding of the coma morphology of dust comets. The conceptual models for the various types of feature observed in the coma (jets, spirals, halos, fans, etc.), their computer simulation, and the hydrodynamic models for jet formation are critically reviewed, and evidence for anisotropic, strongly collimated flows of ejecta emanating from discrete active regions (vents) on the rotating cometary nuclei is presented. The techniques employed to generate synthetic comet images that simulate the observed features are described and their relevance to the primary objectives of coma-morphology studies is exemplified. Modelling of temporal variations in the water emission from discrete active regions suggests that production curves asymmetric with respect to perihelion should be commonplace. Critical comparisons are offered with the activity profiles of Encke’s comet and with light curves of disappearing comets and comets that undergo outbursts. Discussed next is the potential evolutionary significance of nuclear shape, the fractional area of the surface that is active, the vents’ erosion rate, and available information on their activation, aging, dormancy, migration, rejuvenation, and extinction. Recent developments in the understanding of the processes that cause the nongravitational perturbations of cometary motions are reviewed and the observed discontinuities are identified with birth of new sources and/or deactivation of old vents.

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Umoh, Unyime U., Li Li, Juan He, Lingdi Chen, Liang Dong, Guodong Jia, Niko Lahajnar, Gary Massoth, and Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera. "Unusual aliphatic hydrocarbon profiles at hydrothermal vent fields of the Central and Southeast Indian Ridges and Mid-Indian Basin." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 194 (December 2021): 104996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2021.104996.

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Koutrouli, Mikaela, Theodosios Theodosiou, Ioannis Iliopoulos, and Georgios A. Pavlopoulos. "The Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0): a web tool for visual topological comparison between multiple networks." EMBnet.journal 26, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): e943. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.26.1.943.

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In this article we present the Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0), a web tool to directly compare the topological features of multiple networks simultaneously. NAP is written in R and Shiny and currently offers both 2D and 3D network visualisation, as well as simultaneous visual comparisons of node- and edge-based topological features as bar charts or scatterplot matrix. NAP is fully interactive, and users can easily export and visualise the intersection between any pair of networks using Venn diagrams or a 2D and a 3D multi-layer graph-based visualisation. NAP supports weighted, unweighted, directed, undirected and bipartite graphs.

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Koutrouli, Mikaela, Theodosios Theodosiou, Ioannis Iliopoulos, and Georgios A. Pavlopoulos. "The Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0): a web tool for visual topological comparison between multiple networks." EMBnet.journal 26 (May 13, 2021): e943. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.26.0.943.

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In this article we present the Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0), a web tool to directly compare the topological features of multiple networks simultaneously. NAP is written in R and Shiny and currently offers both 2D and 3D network visualisation, as well as simultaneous visual comparisons of node- and edge-based topological features as bar charts or scatterplot matrix. NAP is fully interactive, and users can easily export and visualise the intersection between any pair of networks using Venn diagrams or a 2D and a 3D multi-layer graph-based visualisation. NAP supports weighted, unweighted, directed, undirected and bipartite graphs.

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Horváth, Ákos, James L. Carr, Olga A. Girina, Dong L. Wu, Alexey A. Bril, Alexey A. Mazurov, Dmitry V. Melnikov, Gholam Ali Hoshyaripour, and Stefan A. Buehler. "Geometric estimation of volcanic eruption column height from GOES-R near-limb imagery – Part 1: Methodology." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 12189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12189-2021.

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Abstract. A geometric technique is introduced to estimate the height of volcanic eruption columns using the generally discarded near-limb portion of geostationary imagery. Such oblique observations facilitate a height-by-angle estimation method by offering close-to-orthogonal side views of eruption columns protruding from the Earth ellipsoid. Coverage is restricted to daytime point estimates in the immediate vicinity of the vent, which nevertheless can provide complementary constraints on source conditions for the modeling of near-field plume evolution. The technique is best suited to strong eruption columns with minimal tilting in the radial direction. For weak eruptions with severely bent plumes or eruptions with expanded umbrella clouds the radial tilt/expansion has to be corrected for either visually or using ancillary wind profiles. Validation on a large set of mountain peaks indicates a typical height uncertainty of ±500 m for near-vertical eruption columns, which compares favorably with the accuracy of the common temperature method.

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RAMÍREZ-REYES, TONATIUH, and OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA. "Taxonomic changes and description of two new species for the Phyllodactylus lanei complex (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae) in Mexico." Zootaxa 4407, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.2.1.

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An integrative taxonomy approach was implemented based on analysis of genetic, phylogenetic, morphological and ecological data to identify the cryptic diversity within the Phyllodactylus lanei complex. At least six species can be identified, of which four are currently considered subspecies: Phyllodactylus lanei, Phyllodactylus rupinus, Phyllodactylus isabelae, Phyllodactylus lupitae and two corresponding to undescribed taxa, which are identified and described in this contribution. These differ from other Mexican geckos in several characters: genetic distance (DNAmt), position in molecular phylogeny (concatened data DNAmt+DNAnu), species tree, morphological characters such as snout-vent length, longitudinal scales, tubercles from head to tail, interorbital scales, scales across venter, third labial–snout scales and rows of tubercles across dorsum; there are also differences in their bioclimatic profiles (temperature and precipitation) and geographical distribution. The most recent studies on taxonomy and evolution of Mexican geckos (Phyllodactylus) show that the diversity of this group of reptiles is currently underestimated, suggesting that more research and conservation efforts are should be addressed at these lizards.

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Johnson, Alexander, James Hickey, Karen Pascal, Ben Williamson, and Raquel Syers. "Distinguishing shallow from mid-crustal magmatic processes at Soufrière Hills Volcano using Finite Element Modelling and co-analysis of EDM and GPS data." Volcanica 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2023): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.265282.

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We modelled ground deformation at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), using data collected by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory from 2010–2019. We investigate the combined use of Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) to distinguish shallow from mid-crustal magmatic processes and their surface deformation profiles. Our results suggest that the EDM network responds predominantly to changes in the shallow magmatic system, whereas GPS records variation at mid-crustal levels. In addition, we show that the behaviour of the EDM network, and of the GPS site HERM, can be explained by underpressurisation in a shallow dyke conduit orientated NNW–SSE, while the mid-crustal system was still undergoing pressurisation. The modelled dyke may be responding to magma cooling and contraction associated with a previous intrusion. We find that geodetic monitoring coverage of multiple flanks within 1 km of the vent can improve our understanding of shallow magmatic system processes with asymmetric deformation fields.

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Hordiienko, Mykola, Oleksandr Parkhomenko, and Vladyslav Podpisnov. "WLTC measuring driving cycle (power reserve measurement procedure for hybrids and electric vehicles)." Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies, no. 22 (December 27, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/veit.2022.22.0.9.

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Problem. The most effective energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are optimization-based strategies. These strategies require prior knowledge of the driving cycle, which is not easy to predict. Goal. The goal is to combine the Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) with short trips on small sections with real traffic levels to predict the energy and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. Methodology. Research methods are experimental and mathematical. First of all, eight characteristic parameters are extracted from real speed profiles used on urban road sections in the city of Kharkiv under various road conditions, as well as on short WLTC trips. The minimum distance algorithm is used to compare parameters and determine three traffic levels (heavy, medium, and low traffic) for short WLTC trips. Thus, for each route determined using Google Maps, the energy and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are estimated using short trips by the WLTC, adjusted for distances and traffic levels. In addition, a numerical model of the vehicle was implemented. It was used to test the accuracy of predicting fuel and energy consumption in accordance with the proposed methodology. Originality. For the methodology using only GM information is required as input data; no other device or software is required. This aspect makes the methodology extremely economical. Then, the algorithm regulating traffic levels shown by GM is unique and valid in all urban centers. This aspect makes the methodology universal. WLTC takes into account the driving styles of drivers around the world, so the methodology can be applied to any car driver. Prediction accuracy can be increased by taking into account other input information, such as the distribution of traffic light signals or the driver's typical gear shifting style. Results. The results are promising, as the average absolute percentage error between experimental driving cycles and projected ones is 3.89 % for fuel consumption, increasing to 6.80 % for energy consumption. Practical value. The possibility of energy forecasting and fuel consumption for a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle makes it possible to develop energy consumption management systems for HEVs that can manage the energy reserve to ensure full travel by electric traction in limited traffic zone (LTZ) or minimize local air pollution; increase the service life of energy reserves (usually batteries) by maintenance costs and disposal problems reducing; optimize the transmission-use efficiency due to fuel consumption and pollutants emissions reduction.

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DİNÇER, Mehmet Tolga, and İlker AYDIN. "Proximate composition and mineral and fatty acid profiles of male and female jinga shrimps (Metapenaeus affinis, H. Milne Edwards, 1837)." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 38 (2014): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1301-15.

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Tseng, Wei-Ling, Ian-Lin Lai, Wing-Huen Ip, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, and Jong-Shinn Wu. "The 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Study of Europa’s Gas Plume." Universe 8, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8050261.

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Europa has been spotted as having water outgassing activities by space- and ground-based telescopes as well as reanalysis of the Galileo data. We adopt a 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model to investigate the observed plume characteristics of Europa assuming that supersonic expansion originated from the subsurface vent. With a parametric study of the total gas production rate and initial gas bulk velocity, the gas number density, temperature and velocity information of the outgassing plumes from various case studies were derived. Our results show that the plume gases experience acceleration through mutual collisions and adiabatic cooling when exiting from the surface. The central part of the plume with relatively large gas production rates (1029 and 1030 H2O s−1) was found to sustain thermal equilibrium and near continuum condition. Column density maps integrated along two different viewing angles are presented to demonstrate the importance of the projection effect on remote sensing diagnostics. Finally, the density profiles at different altitudes are provided to prepare for observations of Europa’s plumes including upcoming spacecraft missions such as JUICE and Europa Clipper.

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48

Tseng, Wei-Ling, Ian-Lin Lai, Wing-Huen Ip, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, and Jong-Shinn Wu. "The 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Study of Europa’s Gas Plume." Universe 8, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8050261.

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Abstract:

Europa has been spotted as having water outgassing activities by space- and ground-based telescopes as well as reanalysis of the Galileo data. We adopt a 3D Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model to investigate the observed plume characteristics of Europa assuming that supersonic expansion originated from the subsurface vent. With a parametric study of the total gas production rate and initial gas bulk velocity, the gas number density, temperature and velocity information of the outgassing plumes from various case studies were derived. Our results show that the plume gases experience acceleration through mutual collisions and adiabatic cooling when exiting from the surface. The central part of the plume with relatively large gas production rates (1029 and 1030 H2O s−1) was found to sustain thermal equilibrium and near continuum condition. Column density maps integrated along two different viewing angles are presented to demonstrate the importance of the projection effect on remote sensing diagnostics. Finally, the density profiles at different altitudes are provided to prepare for observations of Europa’s plumes including upcoming spacecraft missions such as JUICE and Europa Clipper.

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49

SEVEN, İsmail, Ülkü Gülcihan ŞİMŞEK, Zehra GÖKÇE, Pınar TATLI SEVEN, Aslıhan ARSLAN, and Ökkeş YILMAZ. "The effects of royal jelly on performance and fatty acid profiles of different tissues in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under high stocking density." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 38 (2014): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-1303-62.

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Tompkins, R. G., M. L. Yarmush, J. J. Schnitzer, C. K. Colton, K. A. Smith, and M. B. Stemerman. "Low-density lipoprotein transport in blood vessel walls of squirrel monkeys." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 257, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): H452—H464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.257.2.h452.

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Transmural accumulations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined in the blood vessel walls of four squirrel monkeys. Vascular wall concentrations of LDL were measured using quantitative autoradiography after 125I-labeled LDL circulation for 30 min. Profiles of relative tissue concentration from different sections in the same region were similar to each other, and there was little animal-to-animal variation. Concentrations were highest near the luminal endothelium, lower near the medial-adventitial border, and lowest within the media. Profiles from different regions fell into three groups: 1) aortic samples had steep intimal concentration gradients and near-zero media concentrations; 2) the iliac, femoral, popliteal, and common carotid arteries had higher intimal concentrations than group 1 but had similar concentrations deep within the media; and 3) the cerebral and coronary arteries, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary artery had intimal concentrations that were similar to group 2, but the concentrations deep within the media were greater than either groups 1 or 2. Arterial bifurcation profiles from the inner wall and the outer walls were similar to each other and to profiles from the upstream and downstream areas. Out of 280 total sites examined, 15 examples of profiles with substantially increased concentrations near the luminal endothelium were found scattered throughout the cardiovascular system, demonstrating that there are focal regions throughout the cardiovascular system which have greatly increased 125I-LDL transendothelial permeability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Profileurs de vent'

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