Academic literature on the topic 'Profileurs de vent'
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Journal articles on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
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MAUPRIVEZ, Michel, and Jean-Pierre SANDRA. "Les profileurs de vent à vocation opérationnelle." La Météorologie 8, no. 39 (2002): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/36250.
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-Mauprivez, M. "Les profileurs de vent UHF à usage opérationnel." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 04 (2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2002.041.
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Dura, Ana, Paraskevi Nomikou, Theo J. Mertzimekis, Mark D. Hannington, Sven Petersen, and Serafim Poulos. "Identifying Probable Submarine Hydrothermal Spots in North Santorini Caldera Using the Generalized Moments Method." Geosciences 13, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13090269.
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The presence of active hydrothermal vent fields near residential areas and their possible link to volcanic activity poses a potential hazard to the environment, society, and the economy. By capitalizing on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle sampling methodologies and applying the Generalized Moments Method model for geological and physical processes in these environments, we shed light on the underlying dynamics shaping the physicochemical characteristics of the vents. In this study, we focus on the Northern Caldera of Santorini and, more specifically, on the recorded CTD data (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth). The data sets were collected in 2017 in Santorini using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle during the GEOMAR POS510 mission. Our research shows that the active vent field within the caldera probably follows a multifractal behavior and exhibits a weak memory effect. Depth Profiles and Time Series show similar behavior among conductivity and temperature. The variance and moments of both parameters underline the existence of two different mechanisms governing the behavior of the vent field. Finally, the structure function shows that changes in the time series are described by a Cauchy–Lorentz distribution.
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Scarponi, Daniele, Arianna Mancuso, Stefano Goffredo, and Michał Kowalewski. "Mollusk Response Under Ocean Acidification in Shallow Marine Settings of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)." Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 60, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.58782/flmnh.tbsm5836.
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Anthropogenic CO2 is a major driver of change in most marine ecosystems, as the consequent ocean acidification is threatening marine calcifying organisms. In this respect, long-term analyses on ocean acidification effects on marine ecosystems acclimated to high pCO2, as found around CO2 vents, are needed. Here we tackle mollusk assemblages from acidified shallow marine settings off the Aeolian archipelago (Central Mediterranean). The detected gradient manifests along a 34 m long transect (9.6 m and 11.4 m water depth), mostly in a Posidonia oceanica matte from normal (site 1) to high levels (site 3) of pCO2 (405 μatm, pH 8.1 and 715 μatm, pH 7.8; respectively). The strongest acidified condition at the vent crater (site 4, pCO2 1110 μatm, pH 7.7). At the vent site gaseous emissions are characterized by ~99% in volume of CO2 and ~0.6% of H2S. However, water dissolved H2S was below detection limit and the sulphate content along the transect does not show significant variations with respect to normal seawater values. Preliminary paleoecologic surveys on diversity structure (diversity profiles) and taphonomic degradation (NMDS, z scored % values) were conducted on mollusk remains collected along the natural pH gradient (sites 1-4). Along the P. oceanica matte (sites 1-3), overall mollusk taxon diversity (alpha and beta) decreased, mollusk in site 3 were mostly juveniles and had higher overall taphonomic damages than those retrieved at normal pH conditions. Within the vent crater only fewer and highly taphonomically altered gastropod specimens were retrieved on the pebbly seafloor, suggesting a very short residence time of shell material and rapid dissolution. Even if vents are not exact predictors of the anthropogenic-designed future of marine settings, due to their limited spatial and temporal extent, they can act as natural laboratories where to evaluate the output of ecosystem processes under rising pCO2 and the effects on the creation of the future fossil record.
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Li, Jiangwei, Lanping Zhang, Yufang Li, Keshao Liu, Yongqin Liu, Sijun Huang, Furun Li, Chen-Tung A. Chen, Yao Zhang, and Anyi Hu. "A Comprehensive Profile of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Water Column of a Shallow-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystem." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031776.
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Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) became an emerging contaminant, and were found to accumulate in natural and man-made environments. A comprehensive understanding of the diversity and abundance of ARGs in pristine environments is critical for defining the baseline levels of environmental ARGs. However, there is limited information available on the ARG profiles of pristine environments, especially for shallow-sea hydrothermal vents ecosystems. Here, we combined 16S rRNA gene full-length amplicon sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to study the bacterial communities, and ARG abundance and diversity in the shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem of the Kueishantao Islet. The results of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that several sulfur-cycling related bacterial genera, including Thiomicrorhabdus, Thioreductor, Sulfurovum, Sulfurimonas and Lebetimonas, dominated in the water column of the shallow-sea system. Temperature was the significant factor shaping the bacterial communities. The results of HT-qPCR analysis showed that the Kueishantao shallow-sea system harbored the lowest diversity (average 10 ARG subtypes) and abundance (average 1.0 × 10−3 copy per bacterial cell) of ARGs compared with other pristine (i.e., Tibet lake sediments, marine water and sediments) and anthropogenic-disturbed (i.e., drinking water reservoirs, urban ponds and wastewater treatment plants) environments. Procrustes analysis demonstrated a concordant pattern between the compositions of bacterial communities and ARGs in the shallow-sea system, while variation partition analysis revealed that the shared effects of physicochemical and bacterial communities explained >80% of the variation in the composition of ARGs. These results suggest that the vent bacterial communities and local environmental factors played an important role in shaping the distribution of the ARG profiles. Our study provides the first comprehensive overview of the background level of ARGs in a shallow-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem.
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Pettinelli, Elena, Stan E. Beaubien, Annalisa Zaja, Antonio Menghini, Nicola Praticelli, Elisabetta Mattei, Andrea Di Matteo, Aldo Annunziatellis, Giancarlo Ciotoli, and Salvatore Lombardi. "Characterization of a C O2 gas vent using various geophysical and geochemical methods." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 3 (May 2010): B137—B146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3420735.
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An understanding of gas migration along faults is important in many geologic research fields, such as geothermal exploration, risk assessment, and, more recently, the geologic storage of man-made carbon dioxide [Formula: see text]. If these gases reach the surface, they typically are discharged to the atmosphere from small areas known as gas vents. In a study of an individual gas vent located in the extinct Latera caldera, central Italy, near-surface geochemical and geophysical surveys were conducted to define the spatial distribution of gas-induced effects in the first few meters of the soil and, by inference, the 3D structure and geometry of the associated gas-permeable fault. Grid surveys and detailed profiles were performed across this vent using time-domain reflectometry (TDR), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), frequency-domain electromagnetics (FDEM), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and gas geochemistry measurements. Detailed profilesurveys indicate that the leaking [Formula: see text] has changed the physical, chemical, and biological soil environment of the vent, resulting in significant spatial variations in parameters (e.g., water content and soil electric/dielectric properties) that influence geophysical measurement results. Despite the strong difference in vertical and lateral resolution and depth of investigation, all methods show the same general trends and similar relative variations in the measured physical parameters. TDR and GPR data highlight anomalous shallow lateral variations, whereas FDEM and ERT measurements identify the vertical extension of the anomalous zone. All methods highlight a north-northwest–south-southeast anomaly alignment that we associate with the main fault; FDEM and, to a lesser extent, [Formula: see text] flux also show elongation orthogonal to this direction, implying that the vent may occur at the intersection of two structures. Thus, different near-surface geophysical and geochemical methods can provide important information on faults and their gas-migration characteristics.
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Klaus, Vladislav, Jacki Pilon, Guy Chérel, and Jean-Marie Donier. "La mesure automatique du vent en altitude : le profileur de vent en phase préopérationnelle." La Météorologie 8, no. 7 (1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/53440.
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Arasu, S., and A. Krishnamoorthy. "Design and Manufacturing of Conical Vent Profile Disc Brake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.1028.
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Braking system is one amongst the foremost vital contact mechanisms in an automobile. The braking potency in automobile depends on the desertion characteristics of the constraint assembly. The heat refusal from the system is proportional to the desertion of brake. This paper aims to bring out producing, testing of conical shape vent profile and studies of existing cooling vent profile heat refusal throughout the braking. This result reduces the thermal and structural stress on the brake plate. The prevailing vehicles brakes has been made from cylindrical vent profiles that in theory has lesser cooling potency because the direction of the air flow .The profile favor to increase the cooling potency by conical shape vent. The vent is reshaped in such some way that the face of the round shape vent is within the direction of air flow throughout vehicle motion that permits a lot of quantity of air to flow across the brake plate. This style changes results to extend the heat convey rate throughout the braking
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Myrum, T. A. "Natural Convection From a Heat Source in a Top-Vented Enclosure." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910434.
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Natural convection from a heated disk situated at the bottom of a top-vented enclosure was studied experimentally. The experiments were performed in water (Pr ≅ 5) for parametric variations of the vent opening size, inner enclosure height, and disk-to-enclosure-wall tempearture difference (Rayleigh number). For comparison purposes, baseline data were obtained for an unvented enclosure and for the “infinite” case (no enclosure). The heat transfer data were supplemented by cross-vent temperature measurements and by flow visualization using the thymol-blue electrochemical technique. The experiments demonstrated that, for the range of parameters considered, the average Nusselt numbers could be correlated using a single correlation to within 8 percent. It was also found that the presence of the enclosure (vented or unvented) acted to reduce the Nusselt number, especially at the lower Rayleigh numbers. Flow visualization experiments revealed an unstable flow pattern in the vicinity of the vent that fluctuated in a nonperiodic manner between four basic modes. Temperature measurements revealed asymmetric mean cross-vent temperature profiles, with the mean temperature level increasing with decreasing vent size. The intensity of the temperature fluctuations in the vent opening also increased with decreasing vent size.
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Foda, Ahmed S., Yehya E. Imam, Abd Allah S. Bazaraa, and Emad H. Imam. "Three-dimensional numerical study of submerged spatial hydraulic jumps." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0021.
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AbstractA three-dimensional numerical model was applied to simulate submerged spatial hydraulic jumps (SSHJ) downstream of a symmetric vent that discharges into a wider channel. Simulations were carried out for different aspect ratios of the vent, expansion ratios of vent width to downstream channel width, tailwater depth, and inlet Froude number. Depending on these factors, simulations indicated the formation of steady asymmetric SSHJ, oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, and steady symmetric SSHJ, consistent with results of previous experimental studies. The model reproduced observed depth downstream of vent, jump length, and velocity profiles along channel centerline for steady symmetric SSHJ. For oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, simulated oscillation frequencies had Strouhal numbers that varied with expansion ratio and ranged between 0.003 and 0.015. With piers downstream of the vent, oscillatory SSHJ continued to exhibit jet deflections when pier length was relatively short ( ≲ 0.2 of jump length) but became steady asymmetric for longer piers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
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Madougou, Saïdou. "Etude du potentiel éolien du jet nocturne dans la zone sahélienne à partir des observations de radars profileurs de vent." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/959/.
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Ce travail présente une étude détaillée des caractéristiques et des variations journalières et saisonnières du vent obtenues à partir des données de deux radars UHF profileurs de vent installés à Bamako en 2005 et à Niamey en 2006. Les pics du jet nocturne observés atteignent 14 ms-1 à 500m d'altitude. Ce jet est aussi présent à 150m. On note la présence d'un important cisaillement de vent aux conséquences aéronautiques non négligeables. Le cycle du vent est caractérisé par un fort cycle diurne ainsi qu'un cycle saisonnier bien distinct. Une évaluation du potentiel éolien est faite suivant deux méthodes : celle s'appuyant sur les distributions de vent observées directement sur les sites et celle utilisant les distributions statistiques de Weibull. Les variations mensuelles du module du vent et les distributions statistiques des vitesses sont présentées, de même que les paramètres de Weibull correspondants et les puissances moyennes récupérables. Les valeurs des paramètres de Weibull du jour et de la nuit sont comparées. Les résultats montrent que le jet nocturne est une importante source d'énergie à condition que les aérogénérateurs soient placés à 150m d'altitude et que de larges capacités de stockage d'énergie soient installées pour que l'énergie produite et stockée la nuit puisse être utilisée pendant la journée. Les résultats de l'étude économique montrent que cette énergie est bon marché en comparaison avec les autres sources d'énergie renouvelablesThis work presents a large study of the wind characteristics and the diurnal and seasonal wind variations obtained from the data of two wind profiler radars installed at Bamako in 2005 and at Niamey in 2006. The nocturnal low level jet peaked at 14 m s-1 at 500 m. It was still obvious at 150 m. Important wind shears were also shown, together with the impacts on aircraft activity. The wind pattern was marked by a strong diurnal cycle as well as a strong seasonal cycle. A wind assessment was made by two methods. The first involved the wind distributions directly observed. The second was based on the Weibull distributions. Day and night were compared. Results showed that the nocturnal low level jet was an interesting source of energy provided that wind turbines were 150 m high and huge-capacity energy storage was used, so that the energy stored at night could be restored during the daytime, when the demand is highest. Harmattan period is most propitious with an output power exceeding 300 W m-2 due to the nocturnal jet. The economic study results showed that this energy was found to be cheap relative to other renewable energy sources
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Madougou, Saïdou. "Étude du potentiel éolien du jet nocturne dans la zone sahélienne à partir des observations de radars profileurs de vent." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530163.
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Ce travail présente une étude détaillée des caractéristiques et des variations journalières et saisonnières du vent obtenues à partir des données de deux radars UHF profileurs de vent installés à Bamako en 2005 et à Niamey en 2006. Les pics du jet nocturne observés atteignent 14 ms-1 à 500m d'altitude. Ce jet est aussi présent à 150m. On note la présence d'un important cisaillement de vent aux conséquences aéronautiques non négligeables. Le cycle du vent est caractérisé par un fort cycle diurne ainsi qu'un cycle saisonnier bien distinct. Une évaluation du potentiel éolien est faite suivant deux méthodes : celle s'appuyant sur les distributions de vent observées directement sur les sites et celle utilisant les distributions statistiques de Weibull. Les variations mensuelles du module du vent et les distributions statistiques des vitesses sont présentées, de même que les paramètres de Weibull correspondants et les puissances moyennes récupérables. Les valeurs des paramètres de Weibull du jour et de la nuit sont comparées. Les résultats montrent que le jet nocturne est une importante source d'énergie à condition que les aérogénérateurs soient placés à 150m d'altitude et que de larges capacités de stockage d'énergie soient installées pour que l'énergie produite et stockée la nuit puisse être utilisée pendant la journée. Les résultats de l'étude économique montrent que cette énergie est bon marché en comparaison avec les autres sources d'énergie renouvelables.
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Domps, Baptiste. "Identification et détection de phénomènes transitoires contenus dans des mesures radar à faible rapport signal à bruit : Applications conjointes aux problématiques océanographique et atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0001.
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L'observation de la dynamique de l'atmosphère et de la surface de l'océan peut être réalisée par télédétection radar. L'approche habituelle consiste, dans les deux cas, à calculer numériquement le spectre Doppler des échos temporels reçus à l'aide d'une transformée de Fourier discrète. Bien que satisfaisante pour la plupart des applications, cette méthode ne convient pas pour l'observation de phénomènes transitoires, plus courts que le temps d'intégration nécessaire à l'observation radar. Nous utilisons une technique alternative, basée sur une représentation autorégressive des séries temporelles radar et associée à la méthode dite à entropie maximale. Cette approche est appliquée à la mesure de courants de surface par radar côtier dans la bande des hautes fréquences, puis à celle de vent dans la basse atmosphère par radar en bande L. Dans les deux situations, nous montrons à l'aide de simulations numériques, de comparaisons avec d'autres instruments et d'études de cas que l'approche proposée conduit à des estimations fiables des grandeurs géophysiques (courants marins et vitesses de vent) pour des temps d'intégration brefs, là où la méthode conventionnelle échoueObservations of atmospheric and ocean surface dynamics can be performed via radar remote sensing. The usual approach consists, in both cases, in numerically calculating the Doppler spectrum of the received temporal echoes using a discrete Fourier transform. Although satisfactory for most applications, this method is not suitable for observations of transient phenomena due to being shorter than the integration time required for radar observations. We use an alternative technique based on an autoregressive representation of the radar time series combined with the maximum entropy method. This approach is applied to coastal radar measurements of surface currents in the high frequency band as well as to L-band radar measurements of wind in the lower atmosphere. For both cases, through numerical simulations and case studies, we compare our approach with others that use different instruments. We show that for short integration times, where conventional methods fail, our proposed approach leads to reliable estimates of geophysical quantities (ocean currents and wind speeds)
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Candusso, Jean-Pierre. "Mini-profileur de vent V. H. F. Opérationnel : validation instrumentale déconvolution des données." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0003.
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Développés depuis plusieurs décennies, les radars profileurs de vent sont des instruments opérationnels d'observation de 1'atmosphère, tout en continuant à relever du domaine de la Recherche. Ils trouvent en effet leur emploi dans des applications concrètes {météorologie, pollution, sécurité, etc) mais continuent d'être les objets de la recherche instrumentale et méthodologique (interferométries fréquentielle et temporelle, etc) et les instruments d'étude de la physique du milieu atmosphérique (circulation, turbulence, etc]. L'utilisation de deux gammes de fréquences différentes autour d'une technique radar identique scinde la famille des profileurs de vent en deux groupes aux investigations complémentaires: les grands radars VHP (30-300 MHz) sont classiquement destinés aux sondages à moyenne et haute altitude, tandis que les petits profileurs UHF (0. 3-3 GHz) effectuent l'essentiel de leurs mesures dans la couche limite atmosphérique. Nous présentons dans cette thèse un radar VHP au nombre d'antennes réduit, le "mini-radar", qui concilie les avantages d'une faible surface d'antennes permettant le sondage aux basses altitudes, et de l'utilisation de la gamine VHP rendant le système peu sensible aux précipitations, oiseaux, insectes, qui sont autant d'échos indésirables aux fréquences UHF. La contre-partie de l'utilisation d'un petit nombre d'antennes est l'élargissement du faisceau, provoquant en tir oblique un recouvrement des zones explorées qui peut entraîner des erreurs lors de l'estimation de la vitesse du vent par la méthode classique des "moments". Après la validation instrumentale du mini-radar par une étude statistique comparative entre ses mesures "brutes" et celles d'un grand radar VHP, et par une campagne en mode opérationnel en Antarctique, nous proposons une étude du phénomène de recouvrement qui aboutit à la mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode spectrale permettant de corriger les mesures du mini-radar qui nécessitent une opération de "déconvolution"Developed for several decades, wind profilers are operational instruments of the atmosphere observation, while continuing to come under the field of Research. They indeed find their employment in concrete applications {meteorology, pollution, security, etc) but continue to be the objects of instrumental and methodological researches (frequential and temporal interferometries, etc) and the instruments of atmospheric medium study (circulation, turbulence, etc]. The use of two different frequency bands around an identical radar technique divides the wind profilers family into two groups with complementary investigations: large VHP radars (30-300 MHz) are classically intended for surveys at average and high altitude, while small UHF profilers (0-3-3 GHz) carry out the main part of their measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. We present in this thesis a VHP radar with a reduced number of antennas, called the "mini-radar", which reconciles the advantages of a small surface of antennas allowing low altitudes survey, and of the use of VHF range making the system not very sensitive to precipitations, birds, insects, which are as many undesirable echoes at UHF frequencies. The counterpart of the use of a small number of antennas is the widening of the beam, causing in oblique angle observations an overlap of the explored zones which can involve errors during wind speed estimation by the classical "moments" method. After the instrumental validation of the mini-radar by a comparative statistic study between its "raw" measurements and those of a large radar VHF, and by a campaign in operational mode in the Antarctic, we propose a study of the overlap phenomenon which leads to the development of a new spectral method making it possible to correct measurements of the mini-radar which require an operation of "deconvolution"
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Jacoby-Koaly, Sandra. "Application d'un radar profileur de vent UHF à l'étude de la couche limite atmosphérique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30144.
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La quantification des transferts verticaux intervenant au sein de la couche limite atmospherique (cla) est une etape fondamentale pour la prevision numerique de la circulation atmospherique et de facon plus pratique, pour la surveillance de la pollution. Cette these est consacree a la restitution et a la validation des parametres caracteristiques de la cla diurne a partir des mesures realisees par un radar profileur de vent uhf destine a la surveillance locale de la pollution atmospherique. Les donnees examinees dans le cadre de cette etude ont ete acquises durant deux campagnes de longue duree. L'etalonnage des trois moments du spectre doppler uhf a ete realise sous la pluie par comparaison avec les mesures d'un disdrometre. La qualification des donnees de vent radar par comparaison avec des mesures de vent effectuees par sodar, anemometre sonique et radiosondages a permis d'etablir une statistique des performances radar pour la mesure du vent a l'interieur de la cla diurne dans des conditions convectives de ciel clair. Grace aux mesures in situ avion effectuees durant l'experience trac-98 portant sur l'etude de la cla a differentes echelles, il a egalement ete possible d'affiner la methodologie de l'estimation radar du taux de dissipation de l'energie cinetique turbulente a partir de la largeur spectrale doppler et de valider cette mesure. Par ailleurs, nous nous sommes interesses a la determination de la hauteur de la cla diurne. L'etude presentee ici a montre que l'utilisation couplee des mesures de la constante de structure de l'indice de refraction c n 2 et de par radar uhf, aboutissait a une amelioration notable dans l'identification du sommet z i de la cla. En dernier lieu, il a ete montre sur un cas de trac-98,
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Gillberg, Julia, and Mimmi Olai. "Jag vet allt om dig, men du vet inget om mig : En kvalitativ studie om unga mäns användning av YouTube." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42724.
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Studiens grundläggande syfte var att undersöka unga mäns uppfattningar om sin Youtube-användning och deras föreställningar om sin relation till YouTube-profiler. Studien ämnade även ta reda på om de tycker sig bli influerade av YouTube-profiler och om det kan vara baserat på den parasociala relationen. Ambitionen var även att besvara studiens frågeställningar som således skulle generera fördjupad förståelse om unga mäns användande av YouTube. De teoretiska ramverk som användes var uses and gratifications, parasocial interaktion och tvåstegshypotesen. Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ metod och baserades på fokusgruppsintervjuer och djupintervjuer. Studien bestod av två fokusgruppsintervjuer med tre och fyra respondenter i vardera grupp och tre djupintervjuer. Totalt tio respondenter deltog. Resultatet påvisade att unga män använder YouTube för att uppfylla ett flertal olika behov. Till följd av varje respondents intresse går det även att utläsa någon form av ensidig relation till YouTube-profiler som de kontinuerligt följer. Dessutom finns det även indikationer på att respondenternas parasociala relation till YouTube-profiler, möjligtvis kan influera deras åsiktsbildning lättare.
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Boilley, Alexandre. "Modélisation de cisaillements de vent et assimilation de données dans la couche limite atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1320/.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la capacité des modèles météorologiques à prévoir des épisodes de cisaillements de vent dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère sur une zone limitée à un aéroport et d'examiner l'apport pour la modélisation d'observations locales à haute fréquence. Nous avons choisi l'aéroport international de Nice, régulièrement soumis à des variations rapides de la direction et de l'intensité du vent selon l'horizontale dans la CLA, appelées aussi renverses. Un profileur de vent et trois anémomètres sont installés sur les pistes de l'aéroport. Au début de l'année 2009, une campagne de mesures incluant un lidar vent à balayage et un anémomètre sonique s'est déroulée sur l'aéroport fournissant des observations complémentaires. L'ensemble des mesures à haute fréquence temporelle et des simulations numériques obtenues avec le modèle de recherche Méso-NH à 2. 5 km de résolution, a fourni une vision de l'enchaînement complexe des écoulements conduisant à des cisaillements de vent d'origine différente. Cette complémentarité a aussi permis d'estimer la capacité du modèle numérique à reproduire les cisaillements de vent. Pour les trois situations étudiées, il reproduit la structure horizontale et verticale de l'écoulement malgré des erreurs de placement spatio-temporel. Bien que les écoulements locaux participent à la mise en place des conditions nécessaires au cisaillement de vent, c'est l'écoulement de méso-échelle (ondes piégées ou talweg d'altitude) qui va déterminer la position du phénomène. Nous avons réalisé des comparaisons avec le modèle opérationnel de Météo-France AROME ainsi que des tests de sensibilité pour étudier l'influence des conditions de couplage et de la résolution. Nous avons, en particulier, augmenté la résolution horizontale de 2. 5 km à 500 m sur un domaine centré sur l'aéroport de Nice sur les situations étudiées. Une résolution de 500 m permet d'améliorer la représentation d'écoulements locaux et de variations locales du vent mais n'améliore pas la position des cisaillements de vent par rapport à une échelle plus grossière. L'extension horizontale limitée du domaine à haute résolution augmente la sensibilité aux conditions aux limites de grande échelle. Pour améliorer les prévisions et contraindre le modèle numérique vers les observations disponibles sur le site d'étude, un système d'assimilation de données basé sur le 'nudging' et permettant de prendre en compte des données à haute fréquence temporelle, le ''nudging direct et rétrograde'' (BFN pour 'Back and Forth Nudging'), a été mis en place. Nous avons appliqué cet algorithme aux équations de Lorenz pour confirmer le comportement de cette méthode par rapport à des résultats publiés antérieurement avec d'autres méthodes d'assimilation de données. Les résultats encourageants, ont conduit à l'introduction du BFN dans Méso-NH. Nous avons mis en place des simulations avec assimilation de données simulées dans des conditions idéalisées qui ont montré une réponse cohérente du modèle numérique à l'introduction de profils verticaux de ventThe objective of this thesis is to study the ability of numerical weather prediction model to represent windshears in the lower layer of the atmosphere over an airport area and to determine the impact of high temporal frequency observations on predictions. The study focuses on the international Nice Côte d'Azur airport where horizontal windshears, also called wind reversals, happen regularly. A wind profiler and three anemometers were installed on the Nice airport runways. At the beginning of 2009, a field campaign with a wind lidar and a sonic anemometer took place in order to provide additional observations. Both high temporal frequency data and numerical simulations performed with the mesoscale research model Meso-NH supply a general picture of the evolution of the various flows leading to a windshear event over the airport. We also use observational data to validate the model predictions for three different situations of windshear. The simulations reproduce quite well the horizontal and vertical structure of the flow despite a spatio-temporal misplacement. Local flows such as land and valley breezes are important to generate low level conditions for a horizontal windshear event but the front position is mostly influenced by mesoscale flow (trapped gravity waves or low geopotential). We compared the Meso-NH simulations with the results of the operational model AROME and carried out sensitivity testing against initial and coupling conditions at 2. 5 km resolution. We then ran experimental simulations at 500 m resolution, centered on the airport platform, to evaluate the impact of an increased resolution on the windshear predictions. Such a resolution provides improvement of local flow and generates rapid and local wind changes but does not improve the windshear front position compared to a 2. 5 km resolution simulation. Moreover the small horizontal grid domain increased the sensitivity to large scale lateral boundary conditions. In order to constrain numerical simulations toward high temporal frequency observations we considered a data assimilation system based on the nudging technique called the 'Back and Forth Nudging' (BFN) technique. We first applied this algorithm to the Lorenz system to compare its behaviour with published results considering other data assimilation techniques. The promising results allowed the implementation of the BFN within the Meso-NH model. We performed assimilation experiments in idealized conditions with high temporal frequency of wind profiles that show a consistent response of the model
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Boilley, Alexandre. "Modélisation de cisaillements de vent et assimilation de données dans la couche limite atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638822.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la capacité des modèles météorologiques à prévoir des épisodes de cisaillements de vent dans les basses couches de l'atmosphère sur une zone limitée à un aéroport et d'examiner l'apport pour la modélisation d'observations locales à haute fréquence. Nous avons choisi l'aéroport international de Nice, régulièrement soumis à des variations rapides de la direction et de l'intensité du vent selon l'horizontale dans la CLA, appelées aussi renverses. Un pro leur de vent et trois anémomètres sont installés sur les pistes de l'aéroport. Au début de l'année 2009, une campagne de mesures incluant un lidar vent à balayage et un anémomètre sonique s'est déroulée sur l'aéroport fournissant des observations complémentaires. L'ensemble des mesures à haute fréquence temporelle et des simulations numériques obtenues avec le modèle de recherche Méso-NH à 2.5 km de résolution, a fourni une vision de l'enchaînement complexe des écoulements conduisant à des cisaillements de vent d'origine différente. Cette complémentarité a aussi permis d'estimer la capacité du modèle numérique à reproduire les cisaillements de vent. Pour les trois situations étudiées, il reproduit la structure horizontale et verticale de l'écoulement malgré des erreurs de placement spatio-temporel. Bien que les écoulements locaux participent à la mise en place des conditions nécessaires au cisaillement de vent, c'est l'écoulement de méso-échelle (ondes piégées ou talweg d'altitude) qui va déterminer la position du phénomène. Nous avons réalisé des comparaisons avec le modèle opérationnel de Météo-France AROME ainsi que des tests de sensibilité pour étudier l'in uence des conditions de couplage et de la résolution. Nous avons, en particulier, augmenté la résolution horizontale de 2.5 km à 500 m sur un domaine centré sur l'aéroport de Nice sur les situations étudiées. Une résolution de 500 m permet d'améliorer la représentation d'écoulements locaux et de variations locales du vent mais n'améliore pas la position des cisaillements de vent par rapport à une échelle plus grossière. L'extension horizontale limitée du domaine à haute résolution augmente la sensibilité aux conditions aux limites de grande échelle. Pour améliorer les prévisions et contraindre le modèle numérique vers les observations disponibles sur le site d'étude, un système l'assimilation de données basé sur le 'nudging' et permettant de prendre en compte des données à haute fréquence temporelle, le "nudging direct et rétrograde" (BFN pour 'Back and Forth Nudging'), a été mis en place. Nous avons appliqué cet algorithme aux équations de Lorenz pour con rmer le comportement de cette méthode par rapport à des résultats publiés antérieurement avec d'autres méthodes d'assimilation de données. Les résultats encourageants, ont conduit à l'introduction du BFN dans Méso-NH. Nous avons mis en place des simulations avec assimilation de données simulées dans des conditions idéalisées qui ont montré une réponse cohérente du modèle numérique à l'introduction de pro ls verticaux de vent.
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Rodríguez, Gasén Rosa. "Modelling SEP events: latitudinal and longitudinal dependence of the injection rate of shock-accelerated protons and their flux profiles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31855.
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Gradual SEP events is one of the greatest hazards in space environment, particularly for the launch and operation of spacecraft and for manned exploration. Predictions of their occurrence and intensity are essential to ensure the proper operation of technical and scientific instruments. However, nowadays there is a large gap between observations and models these events that can lead to predictions. This work focuses on the modelling of SEP events, particularly, on the influence of the observer's relative position and of the shock strength, on the simulated SEP flux profiles.
Part I of the thesis, deals with 3D MHD simulations of interplanetary shocks. We have studied the potential relevance of the latitude of the observer on the evolution of the strength of the shock and its influence on the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles; thus, on the resulting flux profiles. It is the first time that such dependence on the latitude is quantified from the modelling of SEP events, because most of the codes used so far to simulate interplanetary shocks are not 3D codes or they have been applied to near-ecliptic events.
To study the influence of the latitude of the observer and the strength of the shock in the SEP flux profiles, we have simulated the propagation of two shocks (slow and fast) up to several observers placed at different positions with respect to the nose of the shock. We have calculated the evolution of the plasma and magnetic field variables at the cobpoint, and we have derived the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles and the resulting proton flux profiles to be measured by each observer. We have discussed how observers located at different positions in space measure different SEP profiles, showing that variations on the latitude may result in intensity changes of up to one order of magnitude.
In Part II, we have used a new shock-and-particle model to simulate the 1 March 1979 SEP event that was observed by three different spacecraft. These spacecraft were positioned at similar radial distances but at significantly different angular positions, with respect to the associated solar source location. This particular scenario allows us to test the capability of the model to study the relevance of longitudinal variations in the shape of the intensity flux profiles, and to derive the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles. Despite the interest of multi-spacecraft events and due to the restrictions that they impose, this is just the second multi-spacecraft scenario for which their shock-particle characteristics have been modelled.
For the first time, a simulation of a propagation of an interplanetary shock has simultaneously reproduced the time shock arrival and the relevant plasma jumps across the shock at three spacecraft. We have fitted the proton intensities at the three spacecraft for different energy channels, and we have derived the particle transport conditions in space. We have quantified the efficiency of the shock at injecting particles in its way toward each observer, and we have discussed the influence of the observer's relative position on the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles. We have concluded that in this specific event the evolution of the injection rate can not be completely explained in terms of the normalized velocity jump.
The work performed during this thesis shows that the injection rate of shock-accelerated particles and their resulting flux profiles depend both on the latitude and on the longitude of the observer. This implies that more SEP events have to be modelled in order to quantify this conclusion on firm ground.Els esdeveniments graduals de partícules solars energètiques (SEP) són un risc important per als astronautes i l’ instrumentació espacial. És per això que són necessàries eines de predicció de la intensitat i l'ocurrència de les tempestes de partícules solars per a garantitzar l'operativitat del material tècnic i científic embarcat. Existeix un gran buit, però, entre les prediccions del models actuals (per a ús en meteorologia espacial), i les observacions d'esdeveniments SEP. El treball realitzat durant aquesta tesi doctoral es centra en diversos aspectes de la simulació d'esdeveniments SEP. En particular, analitzem la influència de la posició relativa de l'observador i de la força del xoc en els perfils de flux derivats del nostre model combinat xoc-i-partícula. A partir de simulacions 3D, obtenim que el ritme d'injecció de partícules accelerades pel xoc depèn de la longitud de l'observador i demostrem, per primera vegada, que també depèn de la seva latitud. I es mostra que, conseqüentment, els perfils de flux detectats poden variar en un ordre de magnitud depenent de la connexió magnètica de l'observador amb el front del xoc. A més a més, presentem una simulació 2D d'un esdeveniment solar vist per tres sondes interplanetàries, pel qual s'ha ajustat, per primera vegada, l'arribada del xoc i els perfils de intensitat dels protons de diferents canals d'energia observats per cadascuna de les sondes. Així mateix, hem ajustat els salts en velocitat i camp magnètic a l'arribada del xoc, hem derivat les condicions de transport de les partícules i hem quantificat l'eficiència del xoc com a injector de partícules. La conclusió final del treball és que els futurs models de predicció d'esdeveniments SEP per a meteorologia espacial han de tenir en compte la geometria global de l'escenari solar-interplanetari.
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Puygrenier, Vincent. "Etude de la couche limite atmosphérique côtière durant ESCOMPTE 2001. Evaluation et amélioration des performances d'un radar UHF." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011691.
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La prévision des phénomènes de pollution atmosphérique est l'objectif central de la campagne ESCOMPTE-2001, qui s'est déroulée durant l'été 2001 dans la région très hétérogène de Marseille/Fos/Berre. Cet objectif nécessite une bonne compréhension et prise en compte, par les modèles numériques de physico-chimie, des processus physiques intervenant dans la Couche Limite Atmosphérique (CLA), au sein de laquelle s'effectuent le transport et la diffusion des polluants émis en surface.Dans le cadre de la campagne ESCOMPTE-2001, ce travail de thèse est consacré à l'étude de la basse troposphère en période de brise de mer, situation météorologique défavorable à la qualité de l'air des zones côtières. Il a permis notamment de mettre en évidence une oscillation de l'intensité de la brise de mer et des compétitions de brises de mer locales et régionales, qui modifient le temps d'advection de l'air marin sur la surface terrestre et ont donc des répercussions importantes sur le développement de la CLA et sa concentration en polluants. Ces travaux s'appuient principalement sur le réseau de quatre radars profileurs de vent UHF mis en place sur la zone côtière de Marseille/Fos/Berre, permettant une description en trois dimensions et en continu dans le temps des écoulements de brises de mer et de la CLA.
Pour les besoins de cette étude phénoménologique, des développements méthodologiques sont apportés sur la mesure des propriétés turbulentes de la CLA par les radars UHF (termes du bilan de l'énergie cinétique turbulente) et sur leur utilisation en réseau pour l'étude de la trajectographie de panaches de polluants.
Books on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
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Wuttke, Eveline, Jürgen Seifried, and Helmut Niegemann, eds. Vocational Education and Training in the Age of Digitization. Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/84742432.
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The increasing digitization of the world of work is associated with accelerated structural changes. These are connected with changed qualification profiles and thus new challenges for vocational education and training (VET). Companies, vocational schools and other educational institutions must respond appropriately. The volume focuses on the diverse demands placed on teachers, learners and educational institutions in vocational education and training and aims to provide up-to-date results on learning in the digital age.
Book chapters on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
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Karlsson, Björn, and James G. Quintiere. "Pressure Profiles and Vent Flows for Well-Ventilated Enclosures." In Enclosure Fire Dynamics, 111–54. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22214-5.
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"Pressure Profiles and Vent Flows for Well-Ventilated Enclosures." In Enclosure Fire Dynamics. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050219.ch5.
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"Pressure Profiles and Vent Flows for Well-Ventilated Enclosures." In Enclosure Fire Dynamics, 97–130. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050219-10.
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"(In-)Visible Differences: On the Modelling and Validation of Competence Profiles." In VET Boost: Towards a Theory of Professional Competencies, 133–47. Brill | Sense, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789087907389_011.
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Bürgi, Regula, Philipp Eigenmann, and Philipp Gonon. "Reshaping the Role of Professional Associations and the Federal State in Swiss VET." In Collective Skill Formation in the Knowledge Economy, 55–75. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866257.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the changes in the Swiss VET system triggered by the advancing knowledge economy. Skill profiles change rapidly nowadays and there is an ever-increasing demand for upskilling. As a result, reforms have to be initiated in order to ensure the necessary changes in the training system. The chapter focuses on professional associations as pivotal actors in shaping vocational knowledge and skill profiles and argue that the reforms consist of both transformative and self-preserving elements. Hence, the development is ambiguous in character. The results are based on expert interviews and a document analysis of the commissions responsible for training structures and content. It is shown that the transformative parts of the reforms lead to standardization and increase the influence of the state. At the same time, the self-preserving forces favour decentralized—or collective—skill formation, thus empowering professional associations. The latter results in path-dependent and diverse modes of governance. Yet, reactions to the knowledge economy circle around the conflicting poles of persistent diversity and standardization. The standards are set by soft law, i.e. governing tools such as funding schemes, detailed manuals, or monitoring procedures. These instruments express not only standardization but professionalization, which challenges professional associations, in particular small and medium-sized associations and firms that rely on volunteer participation and have no professional structure. However, professional associations remain influential players in Swiss VET, guided by their institutional legacy.
Conference papers on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
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Alom, Nur, and Ujjwal K. Saha. "Determining the Optimal Location of Vent Augmenters in an Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Rotor." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2344.
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Abstract The Savonius wind turbine rotor, or simply Savonius rotor is gaining importance throughout the globe as a device to produce electric power without donating much to global warming. Although this type of conventional rotor suffers from lower efficiency, it has many important rewards like simplicity, easier manufacturability, and lower maintenance cost. This has attracted the researcher’s attention towards improving its design further. To improve the Savonius rotor performance, several blade profiles/shapes and augmentation techniques have been evolved. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the performance of a novel elliptical blade profile by incorporating the vent-augmentation technique. The prime objective is to decrease the negative thrust of the rotor by locating the vents optimally on the blade concave surface. In view of this, the vents are created at three different positions on the blade concave surfaces. Two-dimensional (2D) unsteady simulations are performed around the vented blade profiles of the Savonius rotor using SST k-ω turbulence model by FVM based solver ANSYS Fluent. The torque and power coefficients (CT and CP) are calculated at the revolving environments. The total pressure and velocity contours are obtained and analyzed. For a direct judgement, the results are also generated for the blade profiles without vent-augmenters. The study reveals an enhancement in performance of the vent-augmented elliptical blade profile of the Savonius rotor.
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AbdulNour, Bashar S. "CFD Prediction of Panel Vents Velocity Profiles Validated With Hot-Wire Measurements." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0973.
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Abstract The flow field of automotive A/C panel vents was investigated in this study. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results were obtained and compared to test data for a variety of vent designs. The analysis was performed using the CFD package STAR-CD. The velocity profiles were determined experimentally using hot-wire anemometers. The results provided a valuable insight into the factors affecting the shape and distribution of the plume due to the flow issuing from the vents. The ability of the CFD models to identify trends such as concentrated versus diffuse plumes was very good. The experimental results were used to verify the integrity of the CFD models and validate our use of CFD modeling. Based on the degree of correlation of velocity profiles between the CFD simulations and the experimental work, it can be concluded that CFD simulation is a valid technique to investigate the air flow characteristics through panel vents.
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Oh, Chang H., and Steve A. Atkinson. "ATR Flow Blockage Tests and CFD Simulations." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1532.
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Abstract Steady state flow channel blockage tests were conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) as part of the safety basis upgrade program for the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR). The tests were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). This study was aimed at carrying out flow blockage tests, establishing a base case to compare test results with numerical results using a computational fluid dynamics code, calculating temperature profiles for blockage cases, and determining whether or not the ATR core would be exposed to core melting due to blockage of the inlet of a fuel cooling channel. The test section consisted of three parallel channels and two side channels along the side plate. Three cases were selected to evaluate flow blockage events in the channels. A base case with all the channels open, Case 1 where the inlet of the middle channel is blocked, and Case 2 where both the middle channel and the side channel are blocked. Laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to measure velocities in the channel. Velocities were measured at 2.54-mm intervals in the channel width, and every 1.27-mm around side windows in the flow direction for three parallel channels. LDA measured velocity profiles for the base case and Case 1 indicated good agreement with predicted velocity profiles from the CFD model. The channel velocity in the blocked channel is about 70% of the velocity in the unblocked, adjacent channel in between the top and second side channel vents. Additional flow redistribution occurs into the blocked channel at the second side channel vent. Temperature calculations for the base case were made to compare with benchmark temperatures calculated with the ATR SINDA model and CFD calculations underpredicted benchmark plate temperatures by less than 10% while it predicted bulk temperatures very well. The same heat flux and boundary conditions were incorporated for Case 1 and Case 2. The results for both cases indicated that core melt would not occur in the postulated ATR flow channel blockage events simulated for this study. Peak fuel plate temperature is about 20% greater than the peak temperature for the unblocked case just upstream of the second side channel vent.
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Mneimneh, Farah, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali, Charbel Moussalem, and Ibrahim Omeis. "Modeling the Effect of Cooling Vest on Body Thermal Response of People With Paraplegia During Exercise." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3474.
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Abstract Persons with thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI), also named as people with paraplegia (PA), are encouraged to participate in sport activities for sake of improving their quality of life and health. Yet, heat strain is a major consequence of SCI after which the body loses its ability to regulate its temperature. Disruption in body temperature regulation and instability in core temperature (Tcr) endangers the patient health especially when subjected to extreme ambient conditions or high level of physical activity. Since thermophysiology is disrupted after SCI, using conventional personal cooling methods may not be effective on PA in a way similar to that of able-bodied people (AB). Experimental studies evaluated the effect of phase change material (PCM) and ice cooling vests on thermal response of PA during exercise. Results showed no change in Tcr values for both types of vest during exercise. This study aims at studying the effectiveness of PCM cooling vest for PA during exercise at intensity level of 6.5 MET within 21.1–23.9 °C room temperature and 50% relative humidity. A multi-segmented bioheat model of PA coupled with PCM cooling vest model (fabric-PCM-PA model) was deployed to predict Tcr values at different design conditions of the vest. Segmental core and skin temperatures profiles and the sensible and latent heat losses were obtained for torso segments to assess the percentage of enhancement in the cooling vest performance. Results showed that Tcr value of the body and Tcr values of the torso segments didn’t change at different design conditions of the vest; yet sensible heat losses were increased for all torso segments and latent heat losses were reduced. Decreases in latent heat losses affected Tsk values at the torso. Simulations were performed using fabric-PCM model integrated with PA bioheat model applying variation of skin coverage area, melting point of PCM and combination of both designs. An effective design of the vest for PA was found when using PCM packet at 10°C melting point and coverage area about 40% of torso because sensible heat losses were the highest compared to the other design cases of the vest.
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Negahdar, M. J., J. Cha, M. Shakeri, M. Kendrick, M. Alshaher, I. Khodarahimi, M. K. Sharp, A. Yancey, J. Heidenreich, and A. Amini. "Effect of Venc on accuracy of velocity profiles in multi-slice phase-contrast MR imaging of stenotic flow." In 2012 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235674.
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Glavič, Peter, Helena Levičnik, Aida Szilagyi, Thomas Schönfelder, Jarmila Bilikova, Pavel Ruzicka, Eugenia Atin, Oihana Hernaez, and Ibon Zugasti. "Smart Education for Corporate Sustainability Reporting." In 7th FEB International Scientific Conference. University of Maribor, University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.3.2023.74.
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“The European Green Deal” (EGD) is an integral part of the EU’s strategy to implement the United Nations Agenda 2030. Companies with more than 500 employees are required to include non-financial reporting (NFR) on their operational, social, and environmental data. In 2023, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) extends reporting to all companies over 250 employees and certain SMEs, which will be required to report on nonfinancial aspects of their business since 2024–2028. The number of companies, subject to reporting will quadruple. Managers and responsible employees will have to cope with new challenges. Erasmus+ project Smart Education for Corporate Sustainability Reporting (SECuRe) is filling a gap in VET programmes dealing with knowledge in sustainability reporting, building up a common approach for VET teachers and learners across the EU to respond to the requirements of the future job market. The project started with a knowledge repository, a questionnaire about stakeholder’ needs and wishes, and state-of-the-art in reporting. Job profiles and training course with 6 learning units were prepared. An interactive e-learning platform, a gamification approach, and experimental online training will bring the final contents of the course.
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Thompson, B. R., D. Maynes, and B. W. Webb. "Characterization of the Hydrodynamically Developing Flow in a Microtube Using Molecular Tagging Velocimetry." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1025.
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There is a need for increased understanding of the momentum transport phenomena in micro-fluidic geometries to aid in the design and optimization of such devices. Micro-molecular tagging velocimetry (μMTV) has been used to characterize the hydrodynamic developing flow in a microtube with an inner diameter of 180 μm. μMTV is a non-intrusive laser-based technique for obtaining detailed measurements of velocity profiles in flows dominated by a single velocity component. μMTV measurements are made by directing an ultra-violet laser beam into a flow containing phosphorescent tracer molecules. The laser beam excites a line of phosphorescence in the flow. Subsequently, two digital images, separated by a short time delay, of the line are captured by a CCD camera. The displacement of the tracer molecules between the images can be determined from the two images and the velocity of the flow is thus calculated. Velocity profile data at ten axial locations within the hydrodynamic developing region of a 180 μm diameter tube were acquired using the μMTV approach. The uncertainty for these measurements ranged from 1.5% to 5.5% of the center line velocity. Data were taken at Reynolds numbers, Re, of 60, 140, 290, and 340. It was observed that a vena-contracta existed in the first few tube diameters for all Re. The velocity profiles obtained very close to the tube entrance exhibited a uniform velocity core flow surrounded by regions of relatively stagnant fluid in the near wall regions. The profiles evolved in the downstream direction until the classical parabolic distribution was observed. The total hydrodynamic entry length agrees well with values published in the literature for macroscale flows, obtained from numerical simulation.
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Chima, Rodrick V. "Calculation of Tip Clearance Effects in a Transonic Compressor Rotor." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-114.
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The flow through the tip clearance region of a transonic compressor rotor (NASA rotor 37) was computed and compared to aerodynamic probe and laser anemometer data. Tip clearance effects were modeled both by gridding the clearance gap and by using a simple periodicity model across the ungridded gap. The simple model was run with both the full gap height, and with half the gap height to simulate a vena-contracta effect. Comparisons between computed and measured performance maps and downstream profiles were used to validate the models and to assess the effects of gap height on the simple clearance model. Recommendations were made concerning the use of the simple clearance model. Detailed comparisons were made between the gridded clearance gap solution and the laser anemometer data near the tip at two operating points. The computed results agreed fairly well with the data but overpredicted the extent of the casing separation and underpredicted the wake decay rate. The computations were then used to describe the interaction of the tip vortex, the passage shock, and the casing boundary layer.
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Radulescu, Ionrazvan, Carmen Ghituleasa, Emilia Visileanu, Luis Almeida, Mirela Blaga, Petra Dufkova, Andreja Rudolf, and Benny Malengier. "DEDICATED E-LEARNING INSTRUMENT TO SUPPORT STEM KNOWLEDGE BY MEANS OF SMART TEXTILES." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-215.
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Smart textiles represent a future trend of development of high value-added products. Moreover, they are a result of interdisciplinary research, out of disciplines such as: mathematics, physics, textile material science and electrotechnics. All these disciplines may be on the other hand better understood in connection with palpable smart textile prototypes. Students of VET (Vocational Education and Training) in technical fields are tackling within their curricula all these basic disciplines. However, the horizon of end-applications and the interconnections between the disciplines remains often unclear. This is why a showcasing by means of smart textile products will explain them in a better way the usefulness of knowledge within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The Erasmus+ project Skills4Smartex- "Smart textiles for STEM training" is focused on teaching applied basic disciplines for VET students in technical fields. It is a strategic partnership project with a duration of two years (2018-2020) and a consortium of 6 key European partners in textile education and training. INCDTP-Bucharest coordinates a prestigious partnership: TecMinho/ University of Minho, Portugal, UGent, Belgium, University of Maribor, Slovenia, Technical University Iasi and Textile testing Institute, Czech Republic. Project website is www.skills4smartex.eu . The project is structured on three intellectual outputs: the Guide for smart practices (O1) tackles preferences regarding the needed profiles of workers for smart textiles by means of a survey (http://www.advan2tex.eu/portal/mod/book/view.php?id=815), the Course in smart textiles (O2) conceives 56 modules on each of the basic disciplines (Maths, Physics, Material science and Electrotechnics), while the Dedicated e-learning instrument (O3) is a key educational support element. E-learning has already been established as a useful educational method, to enable round-the-hour, distance and interactive educational materials. Skills4Smartex creates a dedicated e-learning instrument for the 56 modules on smart textiles, based on a filter. The 56 modules are classified on chapters, disciplines and either on STEM to Smart or on Smart to STEM direction. First direction shows how basic disciplines support smart textiles and second direction shows the elements of a smart textile prototype reflected in basic disciplines. The PHP/MySQL filter rapidly selects the desired module and enables thus a visual and interactive view of interconnections between the disciplines and examples of end-applications by means of smart textiles products (http://skills4smartex.eu/instrument.php). The project envisages blended courses (e-learning and face-to face) in the fourth semester (Apr-Sept. 2020) and you are invited to participate by contacting the national coordinators of Skills4Smartex. Acknowledgement: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Publishing has been funded by Ministry of Research and Innovation, by Program 1 - Development of the national system for research-development, Subprogram 1.2 - Institutional performance - Projects for funding excellence in RDI, Contract no. 6PFE from 16.10.2018.
Reports on the topic "Profileurs de vent"
1
Canto, Patricia, ed. The role of vocational training knowledge intensive business services. (Main conclusions). Universidad de Deusto, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/vyqr9353.
Full textAbstract:
In the global economic model, the service sector continues to gain ground on the manufacturing sector and trends such as the integration of new technologies into production processes are advancing inexorably. Advanced economies are pushed to specialise, supported by their regional innovation systems, and cities are emerging as key and strategic centres of activity. In this context, Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are presented as critical due to their capacity to promote innovation within the regional productive fabric and smart specialisation strategies, the promotion of advanced manufacturing, the generation of quality employment and the stimulation of economic growth, especially in urban environments. This is why many cities, prioritizing KIBS to stimulate their economy, need to create and retain talent for this sort of industry. Likewise, vocational and education training (VET) systems, such as the Basque VET system, have so far developed their greatest strengths in the field of manufacturing knowledge. Due to this, VET seems to be obliged to adapt to this new scenario, in which KIBS and cities stand out, in order to continue to maintain their level of excellence. KIBS have been extensively examined, but until now no one had posed the following questions: What is the role of vocational training in KIBS? To what extent are VET profiles (and will VET profiles be) relevant in KIBS? This study will show an emerging trend in the labour market. This is the growing relevance of technology profiles with VET background in KIBS, especially in technology-based KIBS. VET technology profiles can be consolidated as one of the main implementing agents of the digital transformation (cybersecurity, blockchain, cloud computing, UX design, artificial intelligence, scientific computing...). To this end, hybridisation with other fields of knowledge but also with studies of other kinds such as university studies may be essential.
2
Njå, Ove, and Kirsti Russell Vastveit. Norske kommuners planlegging, gjennomføring og bruk av risiko- og sårbarhetsanalyse i forbindelse med samfunnssikkerhetsarbeidet. University of Stavanger, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.164.
Full textAbstract:
I prosjektet; «Helhetlig ROS-analyse i norske kommuner» analyserer vi hvordan kommuner utvikler, bruker og oppdaterer ROS-analyser og risikoforestillinger i sitt samfunnssikkerhetsarbeid. Det legges vekt på hvordan kommuner integrerer ROS-arbeidet og risikoforestillinger i eksisterende plan- og arbeidsprosesser. Hvilke utfordringer opplever kommunene i dette arbeidet? Etter å ha jobbet med risiko og sikkerhet i mer enn 20 år, og en vesentlig del av disse opp mot kommuner, er det etter vårt syn et gjennomgående trekk at kommunalt ansatte som jobber med sikkerhet og beredskap har stor skepsis til akademikere på dette feltet. Den teoretiske «verden» er ikke i stand til å kommunisere med den praktiske og vice versa. Denne utfordringen mener vi står sterkt også i dag, og dermed ble det i prosjektet viktig å finne ut hvordan begrepene ble brukt i kommunene. Hvor kritiske er begrepene for omfanget av bruken av analysene? Står vi ved et markant skille nå med innføring av ny veileder for helhetlig ROS-analyse i kommuner? Eller, er arbeidet omkring samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap fastnet i en praksis uten påvirkning fra ROS-analyse? Datamateriale fra 26 kommuner er inkludert i studien. Kommunene dekker alle landsdelene og de har varierte demografiske og geografiske profiler. Blant deltagerne er kommuner med storulykkesindustri, større bykommuner, mindre øykommuner og grensekommuner. Opptil fem personer med ulikt ansvar for samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet er intervjuet i hver kommune. En viktig del av prosjektet er forholdet mellom ROS-analyser på ulike forvaltningsnivåer, hvordan ROS-analysene kommuniserer risikoforestillinger og hvordan kommunene kan bygge på og hente innspill fra hverandre i ROS-analysearbeidet. Siden 2010 har Lov om kommunal beredskapsplikt, sivile beskyttelsestiltak og Sivilforsvaret (sivilbeskyttelsesloven) og underliggende Forskrift om kommunal beredskapsplikt stilt krav til kommunenes ROS-analyse og samfunnssikkerhetsarbeid i stort. Likevel er det ikke opplagt hva det innebærer. Forskriften snakker om begreper og konsepter som; - Jobbe systematisk og helhetlig med samfunnssikkerhet; - Forankring i kommunestyret; - Eksisterende og fremtidige risiko- og sårbarhetsfaktorer; - Særlige utfordringer; - Langsiktige mål, strategier, prioriteringer og plan for oppfølging av samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet; - Vurdere forhold som bør integreres i planer og prosesser; og - Overordnet beredskapsplan. Det stiller store krav til kommunens ansattes kunnskap og kompetanse til å fortolke hva alle disse konseptene skal bety for kommunen og hvordan ansatte skal jobbe med kravene. Her ligger kjernen av vår studie. Studien vår viser at det legges betydelig med ressurser og arbeid ned i kommuners helhetlige ROS-analyser, samfunnssikkerhets og beredskapsarbeid. Risikoinformert styring og risikotenkning er en krevende filosofi, hvor det forutsettes at de ansatte med ansvar for kommunens systemer og samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeidet har høy kompetanse på området. I kommunene som deltok i studien synes det å være enklere for kommunene å konkretisere hvordan de arbeidet med beredskap enn med samfunnssikkerhet. Kommunene hadde i varierende grad oversikt over hvordan beredskapsarbeidet var satt i system på tvers av etater. Materialet ble analysert ut fra fire forhold: - Begrepsforståelser og bruk av begreper for å uttrykke samfunnssikkerhet - Planlegging og gjennomføring av ROS-analyseprosesser - Presentasjon av resultater fra ROS-analysearbeidet - Implementering av analyseresultatene i kommunens aktiviteter Datamaterialet viser at kommunene og de fleste respondentene våre er i liten grad bekymret over begrepene de bruker. I hovedsak er det risiko, ROS-analyse (eller andre koplinger av ROS), hendelser, akseptkriterier, beredskap, kriseplaner og tiltak som er konseptene i bruk. Usikkerhet var et begrep som fulgte med, men det var i liten grad reflektert over utover at det var en egenskap med hele ROS-analyseprosessene. Samfunnssikkerhet, ytelse av beredskapstiltak, sårbarhet, resiliens, barrierer, system er begreper som får lite eller ingen omtale i kommunenes befatning med samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap. Kommunene er veldige instrumentelle i arbeidet med å utvikle produktene (helhetlig) ROS-analyse og beredskap- og kriseplaner. Beslutningsprosessene som den helhetlige ROS-analysen er en del av, trekkes ikke frem som førende for hvordan ROS-analyser og samfunnssikkerhetsarbeidet gjøres. Fylkesmannen sin rolle som pådriver, rådgiver og tilsynsmyndighet var for de aller fleste kommunene beskrevet med positive fortegn. Alle analysene vi har hatt tilgang til er utført som grovanalyser (hazid-gjennomganger, scenariobeskrivelser, gruppediskusjoner), men med relativt små variasjoner innenfor hvordan risiko måles og uttrykkes. Enkelte kommuner inspireres av innholdet i FylkesROS-analyse eller Nasjonalt Risikobilde, mens andre har et større fokus på lokale forhold og hendelser. I forbindelse med bruk av tiltak fra helhetlig ROS-analyse var det en klar trend at kommunene synes det var vanskelig å sikre implementering av tiltak. Dette skyldes blant annet at det var utfordrende å sikre at den ansvarlige etat tok ansvar for tiltak, at beredskapskoordinatorer ikke anså tiltak som skulle implementeres i enkeltetater som sitt ansvar og at kommunene i mange tilfeller ikke hadde midler til gjennomføring av tiltak. Problemet kan trolig også spores til at helhetlig ROS-analyse ikke var et dokument som var i aktiv bruk i hverdagen til kommunenes ansatte, og som det i de fleste tilfeller ikke ble laget aksjonsplaner for å følge opp. På tiltakssiden var det også tydelig at flere kommuner gjorde det vanskelig for seg selv, ettersom de beskrev svært generelle tiltak i rapportene sine, tiltak som egentlig var på plass i den ansvarlige etat og som var dekket av andre internkontrollrutiner, eller som andre offentlige etater var ansvarlige for. Kommunene i prosjektet hadde i varierende grad koblet beredskapsplanene sine opp mot de helhetlige ROS-analysene. En annen utfordring i forbindelse med «bruk» til beredskapsplanlegging var at kommunene ikke var sikre på hvordan dette skulle tolkes. Skulle man lage øvelser basert på hendelsene som var brukt i helhetlig ROS-analyse, skulle det lages tiltakskort som passet til scenarioene i helhetlig ROS-analyse? Enkelte kommuner hadde inkludert hendelser fra helhetlig ROS-analyse i beredskapsplanverket sitt, mens andre hadde fokusert mer på felles kapasiteter i helhetlig ROS-analyse. Å se sammenhengen mellom helhetlig ROS-analyse og beredskapsplanlegging var et vanskelig tema for kommunene. Beredskapsanalyse og vurdering av «godheten» av beredskapstiltak er også en stor utfordring. Den største utfordringen og det viktigste funnet som har kommet fram gjennom studiet er at prinsippene i risikobasert styring er nærmest fraværende i kommunene. Funksjonelle krav til sikkerhet mangler, en levende diskusjon om samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap mangler, og analysene brukes i svært liten grad. ROS-analyse og intensjoner om risikobasert styring har vært i norske kommuner i mer enn 20 år, og basert på dette mener vi at det er kompetanse og reguleringsregimet det må gjøres noe med, heller enn å innføre nye veiledere og tilsynsaktiviteter. Ansvaret for kommunens samfunnssikkerhets- og beredskapsarbeid må knyttes opp mot spesifikk kompetanse. Det krever at kommunene endrer praksis på i den administrative ledelsen og virksomhetene som eier systemene, tjenestene og aktivitetene, så vel som i kommunikasjonen mellom administrativ og politisk ledelse når det gjelder samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap. Vi mener at politikeren fra bykommune 1 langs kysten i Nord-Norge illustrerer behovet på en betegnende måte: «Veldig få i beredskapsrådet har lest dokumentene. I vårt fylke tror jeg vi er noen av de som har kommet lengst, og det sier etter mitt skjønn sitt». «Vi må involvere oss på et mye tidligere stadium. Skaffe oss oversikt over hva som er beredskapsplanene, og hvor flaskehalsene er. Det tror jeg at jeg deler med veldig mange. Vi strykes med hårene i alt for stor grad. Vi får for mye ros.»