Academic literature on the topic 'Professions – Sex differences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Akande, Adebowale. "Sex differences in preferences for ideal female body shape." Health Care for Women International 14, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399339309516048.
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Hussein, Hisham M., Salma F. Alshammari, Ibtisam A. Alanazi, Gharam M. Alenzy, and Renad H. Alrashidy. "SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL THERAPY CAREER EXPECTATIONS IN HA’IL, SAUDI ARABIA." Acta Neuropsychologica 20, no. 4 (November 13, 2022): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1050.
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Social and cultural factors can lead to gender-biased expectations in physical therapy (PT) career. In Saudi Arabia, female physical therapists might be undergoing more cultural competencies than males to develop their career. This study aimed to investigate whether there are differences between men and women physical therapists (PTs) in their career expectations in Saudi Arabia. We tested 496 responses 192 (38.7%) were males and 307 (61.3%) were females. 325 (65.5%) responses were obtained from students including those in the internship year while the rest of the responses 171 (34.5%) were from graduated PTs. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken using a questionnaire sent electronically to PT students and graduates in Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia. The answers to questions regarding the future career expectation and the perception of PT career among other healthcare professions were analyzed. Statistically higher female numbers were expected to conduct research activity, become faculty teaching staff, continue their education, and attend special courses. No sex-related differences were found regarding the expectation to occupy a governmental job, own a private business and participate as an active member of the Saudi Physical Therapy Association. A higher proportion of females see that PT practice is as independent and prestigious as other medical and health specialties. Both genders considered PT is an prestigious as other heakth professions. There are sex-related differences in PT career expectations and the perception of PT career compared to other healthcare professions.
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Walton, Merrilyn, Patrick J. Kelly, E. Mary Chiarella, Terry Carney, Belinda Bennett, Marie Nagy, and Suzanne Pierce. "Profile of the most common complaints for five health professions in Australia." Australian Health Review 44, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18074.
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Objective The aims of this study were to profile the most common complaints and to examine whether any demographic factors are associated with receiving a complaint for five health professions in Australia. Methods A national cohort study was conducted for all complaints received for medicine, nursing/midwifery, dentistry, pharmacy and psychology from 1 July 2012 to 31 December 2013 (18 months). Data were collected from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA), the New South Wales (NSW) Health Professional Councils’ Authority and the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission. The frequency and risk of complaints were summarised for the five professions and by demographic information. Results There were 545283 practitioners registered with AHPRA between 1 July 2012 and 31 December 2013, consisting of 20935 dentists, 101066 medical practitioners, 363040 nurses/midwives, 28370 pharmacists and 31872 psychologists. During the study period there were 12616 complaints, corresponding to an annual rate of 1.5 per 100 practitioners. Complaints were most common for doctors and dentists (5% per annum per practitioner) and least common for nurses/midwives (0.5% per annum per practitioner). Sex (P<0.01), age (P<0.01) and country of birth (P<0.01) were all associated with risk of complaint. The most common complaints were clinical care (44% of all complaints), medication (10%) and health impairment of the practitioner (8%). Types of complaints varied by profession, sex and age. Conclusions The risk of a complaint is low, but varies by profession and demographics. The types of complaints also vary by profession and demographics. Differences between professions is most likely driven by their different work tasks and work environments. What is already known on this subject? Although complaints are summarised annually from state and national health regulators, no overall national summary of complaints across professions exists. Thus, it is difficult to examine which complaints are most common, how professions differ from each other or what factors may be associated with risk and type of complaint. Previous studies have primarily focused on a single profession, such as medicine, where, for example, the number of prior complaints, sex, doctor speciality and age have been found to be associated with recurrent complaints. What does this paper add? This paper is the first of this kind to provide a national summary of all complaints from five of the most common health professions in Australia. We found that regardless of profession, men were at least twice as likely to have a complaint made against them than women. We also found that the types of complaint differed between men and women. There were similarities across professions for the most common types of complaints, but clear differences between professions were also noted. Not surprising, clinical care was typically the most common type of complaint for the five professions, but somewhat surprising was the inclusion of health impairment as one of the most common types of complaints. What are the implications for practitioners? Identifying the most common complaints, and the factors associated with these, may assist practitioners to understand their risk(s) of complaint and could potentially assist educators and regulators develop education programs that help reduce complaints.
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Geoffrion, Steve, Jane Goncalves, Richard Boyer, André Marchand, and Stéphane Guay. "The Effects of Trivialization of Workplace Violence on Its Victims: Profession and Sex Differences in a Cross-Sectional Study among Healthcare and Law Enforcement Workers." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 61, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx003.
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Abstract Background: Workers from the law enforcement and healthcare sectors tend to normalize or mute their victimization from workplace violence (WPV). Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of the trivialization of WPV on psychological consequences for workers who have been affected by a WPV incident. The second aim is to assess the moderating effect of sex on the trivialization of WPV. The third and overarching aim is to assess the moderating effect of professional identity on the relations between individual and organizational factors and psychological consequences following a WPV incident. Methods: The findings are based on a convenience sample of 377 (204 female and 173 male) workers from the law enforcement and healthcare sectors. Individual factors (sex, age, professional identity, prior victimization, witnessing WPV, injuries, and trivialization of violence) and perceived support factors (colleagues’ support and employer’s support) were used as predictor variables of psychological consequences in hierarchical linear regression models. Sex was used as a moderator of trivialization while professional identity was used as a moderator of all predictors. Findings: When individual and social support factors were controlled for, normalizing violence was negatively associated with psychological consequences while perceiving a taboo associated with complaining about WPV was positively associated for all participants. When these relations were moderated by the sex of the participants and then by their professional identity, normalization was found to decrease psychological consequences only for male healthcare workers. Implications: To help employees cope with WPV, organizations should promote strategies adapted to profession and sex differences. For male healthcare workers, normalization as a cognitive coping strategy should be formally recognized. For both professions and sexes, organizational strategies that counter the perceived taboo of complaining about violence should be reinforced.
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Khan, Maria. "STROKE IN WOMEN: TIME TO ACKNOWLEDGE SEX DIFFERENCES." KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22516.
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Historically, the stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality have been reported to be higher in men compared to women. But this gap seems to be narrowing over time. Recent data from high income countries suggests that the incidence of stroke varies with age, and older women beyond 75 years of age, may have a higher stroke incidence compared to men.1 Additionally, women below 40 years in some South East Asian countries showed an increase in ischemic stroke incidence over time.2 Moreover, Middle East and North Africa have reported higher stroke mortality amongst females compared to males. Keeping in view this changing epidemiology, it is imperative to have a better understanding of stroke in women.
When evaluating conventional risk factors for stroke, there are certain sex differences that need special mention. Hypertension has an overall lower prevalence in women compared to men, however, its prevalence as well as its association with ischemic stroke increases in older women. Diabetes is a stronger risk factor for stroke in women compared to men, and atrial fibrillation and migraine are both more prevalent and more strongly associated with ischemic stroke in women.3
Women are in addition exposed to sex-specific risk factors which do not receive much attention. Pregnant and post-partum women have been found to be at three times higher risk of stroke compared to other young adults and this is related to a number of changes associated with these states.4 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy not only raise the risk during pregnancy but a recent study on the Framingham cohort concluded that a history of pre-eclampsia confers a three-fold higher risk of experiencing a stroke in later life.5
Besides pregnancy, other hormonal changes also increase a woman’s stroke risk. An early menopause and a shorter reproductive lifespan have both been identified as increasing stroke risk in women.6,7 Similarly exogenous oestrogen, be it in the form of oral contraceptive pills or hormone replacement therapy, has also been shown to increase stroke risk in several studies.8,9
Stroke presentations are also more variable in women. Whereas men tend to present with the classic focal neurological deficits, women tend to present with more non-traditional symptoms like fatigue, light headedness, altered mental status etc.10 They also tend to present more often with stroke mimics. These and other reasons explain why women have longer delays in getting proper stroke care and several studies have reported worse outcomes for women.11,12
Very limited data is available on stroke in women from low and middle income countries. It is reasonable to believe that the social determinants of health would further compound the risk and outcomes for women in these areas. Lack of proper nutrition, poor pregnancy management and outcomes, multiparity and poor access to healthcare both for acute and secondary stroke prevention are important factors that are expected to affect stroke in women. Future research should focus on risk factors unique to women in these countries. In addition, awareness should be created amongst physicians so as to screen women early for potential risk factors and address them in a timely manner.
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Karpiak, Christie P., James P. Buchanan, Megan Hosey, and Allison Smith. "University Students from Single-Sex and Coeducational High Schools: Differences In Majors and Attitudes at a Catholic University." Psychology of Women Quarterly 31, no. 3 (September 2007): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00371.x.
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We conducted an archival study at a coeducational Catholic university to test the proposition that single-sex secondary education predicts lasting differences in college majors. Men from single-sex schools were more likely to both declare and graduate in gender-neutral majors than those from coeducational schools. Women from single-sex schools were more likely to declare gender-neutral majors, but were not different from their coeducated peers at graduation. A second study was conducted with a sample of first-year students to examine the correspondence between egalitarian attitudes, single-sex secondary education, and major choice. Egalitarianism was higher in students in nontraditional majors, but did not correspond in expected ways with single-sex education. Men from single-sex schools were less likely to hold egalitarian attitudes about gender roles, whereas women from single-sex and coeducational high schools did not differ in egalitarianism. Taken together, our results raise questions about the potential of single-sex high schools to reduce gender-stratification in professions.
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Campitelli, Anthony, Sally Paulson, Jennifer Vincenzo, Jordan Glenn, Megan Jones, Melissa Powers, Joshua Gills, and Michelle Gray. "Sex differences in power decrement identified across the lifespan." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3259.
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Abstract Muscular power has been shown to be a significant predictor of physical function in older adults, but assessments of power have traditionally been performed in movements not specific to activities of daily living (ADLs). Recent research examined power in the context of ADL-specific movements, but it is unclear how ADL-specific lower-body power differs over lifespan in males and females. This investigation sought to describe ADL-specific power decline across the lifespan and analyze differences between the sexes. Adults (n = 557) aged 18-89 volunteered and were divided into age cohorts (18-30, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80-89 years). Participants performed a sit-to-stand (STS) task with as much velocity as possible while connected to a linear position transducer (LPT). The LPT calculated average and peak power. The average result of 5 individual STS trials was analyzed for each of the power variables. The first significant decrement in average STS power (p < .01) was observed at an earlier age cohort in males than females (60-69 in males vs. 70-79 in females). The per decade magnitude of power decrement after age 60 was larger in males than females in both absolute magnitude and percent decrease (11.74 vs. 10.09% decrease per decade). As power and physical function are correlated, this may have implications for the rate and age of functional decline in males. Additionally, understanding the differences in ADL-specific power decline between males and females gives clinicians and health professionals valuable information for developing preventative fitness paradigms specific to members of a given sex.
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Kramer, Philip, Giovanna Distefano, Sofhia Ramos, Bret Goodpaster, Paul Coen, David Marcinek, Peggy Cawthon, and Anthony Molina. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN SKELETAL MUSCLE ENERGETICS AMONG OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 808–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2914.
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Abstract Mobility impairment is the most common disability among older adults, with an earlier presentation, higher prevalence, and greater severity in women compared to men. A decline in skeletal muscle metabolism contributes to the loss of mobility with age. However, it is unknown if sex-specific differences in muscle energetics can explain the disparity in mobility impairment among men and women. In the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (SOMMA), muscle energetics was characterized using in vivo Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Respirometry of permeabilized fiber bundles from muscle biopsies. In this analysis of 773 participants aged 70–94 years, 519 were women, of which 16% were deemed lower extremity mobility impaired based on a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score
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Adekunbi, Daniel, Cun Li, Peter Nathanielsz, and Adam Salmon. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN MITOCHONDRIAL RESILIENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BABOON HEPATOCYTES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2928.
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Abstract Events that occur in utero set the trajectory for later-life diseases and longevity. Compelling data exist for interactions between developmental programming and aging, but the underlying mechanisms are not clearly defined. Fetal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) is associated with alteration in hepatic enzymes and metabolic function in later life. We previously reported increased hepatic lipid accumulation and obese phenotype in middle-age male baboons exposed to GC as fetuses. The mitochondria play significant roles in cellular processes including stress responses and possibly a nexus between developmental programming and aging. The present study investigated the long-term effects of in utero GC exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetics using hepatocytes derived from aging baboons (16–18 years, average lifespan 21 years). Mitochondrial bioenergetics of both left and right lobe liver hepatocytes were examined as well as potential sex differences in mitochondrial function. Cell viability following isolation was similar among sexes and liver lobes but hepatocytes from males were highly energetic compared to females. Significant bioenergetic differences were observed in hepatocytes isolated from female baboons’ left and right liver lobes, with higher basal, maximal, and ATP-linked respiration in left lobe hepatocytes compared to the right lobe. These lobe-specific bioenergetic differences were absent in males. Interestingly, H2O2-induced oxidative stress significantly modified male baboon hepatocyte bioenergetics but females were unaffected, suggesting mitochondrial resilience in females compared to males. These data demonstrate that early life exposure to GC elicits a sex-specific effect on mitochondrial function. These mitochondrial differences might drive differences in cell senescence between males and females.
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Merriam, Sharan B. "Race, Sex, and Age-Group Differences in Occurrence and Uses of Reminiscence." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 18, no. 1 (January 14, 1994): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v18n01_01.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Budig, Michelle Jean. "Professionals, carpenters, and childcare workers: Sex differences in self-employment participation and earnings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279812.
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Despite the revitalization of non-agricultural self-employment among men, and especially among women, since 1970, little research has examined sex differences in self-employment participation and outcomes using national longitudinal probability samples. In addition, even less research has examined how these sex differences vary by occupational status. Using data from each census between 1940 and 1990, along with data from the 1979--1998 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this dissertation examines sex differences in the historical context of and trends in self-employment, factors that affect the likelihood of self-employment entrance, and earnings returns to self-employment. Analyses are run separately for non-professional and professional workers. Sex differences in the effects of human capital and labor supply, occupational and industrial sex segregation, job characteristics, family factors, and demographic characteristics on self-employment participation and earnings are explored. General theories of self-employment participation, based on the experiences of men, are tested to see if they can explain women's self-employment experiences as well. These theories include three versions of the disadvantaged worker theory--that workers with fewer employable skills, workers in bad jobs, and workers that face employer discrimination will turn to and benefit from self-employment. Two gendered theories that take women's structural position in the economy and the family are also examined. These theories argue that women whose family responsibilities conflict with work obligations and highly skilled women who are trying to circumvent employer discrimination will turn to and benefit from self-employment. Findings show support for the gender-neutral discouraged worker and the gendered work and family conflict theories. Workers in bad jobs are more likely to become self-employed, as are married women and mothers. Less support is found for the glass ceiling breaker theory. Female childless professionals are the only group of women who benefit equally from self-employment, compared with men. All other women face earnings penalties for being self-employed. However, the benefits of self-employment, such as lower child care costs, greater flexibility in work schedules, and control over the intensity of work may compensate for the self-employment penalty mothers incur.
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Bailey-Hughes, Brenda. "An examination of information seeking tactics in professional relationships." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560302.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways in which employees attempt to gain information about the relationship they have with their immediate supervisor. Uncertainty level and gender were predicted to be related variables. Prisbell and Andersen's uncertainty measurement scale, revised Baxter and Wilmot relational information-seeking tactics, and an original information-seeking frequency scale were utilized to examine 50 emergency service personnel on uncertainty level, frequency of information-seeking effort, and specific tactic utilization. Pearson product-moment correlations revealed no significant relationship between amount of uncertainty and frequency of information-seeking. Utilization of t-tests revealed no significant difference by gender in the frequency of information-seeking. The MANOVA results indicated no significant differences in the specific tactic utilization of males and females. However, Chi square values and univariate analyses identified the public presentation, joking, and hinting tactics as being used significantly more by males than females. It was recommended that research be continued in the area of working relationships.Department of Speech Communication
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Penepent, David Rocco. "A Comparison Study of Gender Role Differences Between Funeral Professionals and Nurses." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1711.
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Women comprise over 57% of all U.S. mortuary school students, yet less than 20% of all funeral directors employed in this country are women. As such, women are underrepresented as funeral directors in the funeral industry. Research to date has not established clear differences between perceived gender roles and occupations in the funeral service industry. The research questions examined the perceived differences of gender role characteristics of masculine, feminine, and androgyny between the occupations of funeral service providers and nursing. Bem's gender role theory was the theoretical framework of this study. The research compared the mean scores of male and female funeral service professionals and nursing professionals as measured by the validated Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). A sample consisted of 214 randomly selected male (n = 88) and female (n = 25) funeral service professionals and male (n = 37) and female (n = 64) nurse professionals. Data scores were analyzed using the factorial multivariate analysis of variance method. Results indicated nonsignificant gender role differences between male and female funeral directors. Funeral directors appear more androgynous compared to nurses. The present study contributed to the development of this important and neglected area of research by quantitatively examining the gender role perceptions of men and women in the funeral service industry for the first time. This study results highlighted the complexity in self-perceived gender role characteristics as measured by BSRI. When the funeral profession begins to dispel gender stereotypes and discrimination issues, positive social change can occur.
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Perkins, Kelly R. "A Q-analysis of gender differences in public relations students' ethical expectations of the public relations profession." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074538.
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This study attempted to determine whether or not there was a gender difference in students' ethical expectations of the public relations profession. Forty-two Ball State University public relations students participated. The students were given 49 statements that either supported or opposed a specific action that a public relations practitioner may take in an ethical dilemma, or a belief that public relations professionals may hold. Each student was asked to indicate how strongly he/she agreed or disagreed with each statement.The students' answers were analyzed using the QMETHOD factor analysis program. Two groups of individuals were defined: Factor I, "Female Dominated"; and Factor II, "Male Dominated." As the names indicate, the defining characteristic of these groups was the gender composition. The majority of females in the study fell into the first group, and the majority of the males in the study fell into the second group. Factor I z-scores were predominantly positive, whereas Factor II z-scores were predominantly negative-the results were close to perfect mirrors of one another. The findings supported the researcher's hypothesis that there is a gender difference in ethical expectations.Department of Journalism
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WILTFANG, GREGORY LEE. "NEW FACES IN THE WORLD'S "OLDEST PROFESSION": THE EMERGENCE OF MALE HETEROSEXUAL PROSTITUTION; DELINQUENT SELF-CONCEPTIONS AND GENDER: FURTHER INVESTIGATION OF THE PERSONAL RELEVANCE OF INFRACTION; WOMEN AND WORK: A STUDY OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE, SELF-ESTEEM, AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS (DEVIANCE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188061.
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I. Male heterosexual prostitution, women paying men for sexual services, is seldom mentioned in discussions of prostitution. While virtually ignored by social scientists, it has received attention in several recent magazine and newspaper articles. This paper reports the results of analyses of this literature. A typology of prostitute roles based on type of payment and organizational affiliation is presented and discussed. Control theory is used to explain the rise in female sexual deviance. II. This paper investigates the relevance of gender for labelling and its effect on adolescent delinquent self-conceptions in a sample of high school students. The sensitivity of females to the attitudes of others in their self-concept formation served as the basis for the formulation of several hypotheses regarding delinquent identity development and its consequences for male and female self-esteem. Boys were more likely than girls to have delinquent identities and to feel they were labelled as delinquent. The association between delinquent identities and labels varied by gender. Among those labelled as delinquent, girls are more likely than boys to have a delinquent identity. Both delinquent identities and labels have negative effects on self-esteem. Strain theory was used to explain the conditional effect of father's education. III. Large numbers of married women have entered the workforce during the past twenty years. This paper investigates effects of social position on choice of significant others in a sample of married couples. It is argued that working increases a person's social network of significant others, that not working results in a smaller network of significant others and greater dependence on them and the institutions with which they are associated. Female self-esteem is more dependent on marital quality. Spouse appreciation and marital quality are related to self-esteem, though the association varies by the self-esteem measure used. Marital quality and spouse appreciation are important for male and female self-esteem. These findings are consistent with previous research which shows that for both men and women similar social positions produce similarities in thought and behavior.
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"Gender and professional authority in hospital." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891584.
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Wong Shun-wah.Thesis submitted on: December 2002.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-91).
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Contents --- p.v
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Empirical Puzzle and Theoretical Questions
Chapter 1.2 --- Casing a Case: Hospital as a Critical Case for Studying Gender and Professional Authority
Chapter 1.3 --- The Methodology
Chapter 1.4 --- Overview of the Thesis
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review and Theoretical Framework --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- Professional dominance and Professional Dependency
Chapter 2.2 --- Enthographic Studies of Resistance
Chapter 2.3 --- Gender and Organization
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Gendering Occupation in the Health Care Sector and the Gendered Occupational Structure of Hospitals --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Gender Segregation in the Health Care Workplace
Chapter 3.2 --- Hospital Setting: A Gendered Organization
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Resistance of Nurses --- p.45
Chapter 4.1 --- Resistance Strategies of Women Nurses Mothering Gossip Symbolic Giving Explicit Resistance
Chapter 4.2 --- Strategies of Men Nurses: Resistance and Dilemma
Chapter 4.3 --- Divided and Not Organized
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Restrictive Authority of Doctors --- p.70
Chapter 5.1 --- The Dependency of Doctors on Nurses in the Gendered Organizational Structure of Hospital
Chapter 5.2 --- Men Doctors' Means to Gain the Compliance of Nurses
Chapter 5.3 --- Women Doctors' Means to Gain the Compliance of Nurses
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.80
Chapter 6.1 --- The Consequences of the resistance of women nurses: Accommodation and the Reproduction of Gender
Chapter 6.2 --- The Contribution of this Research and Issues for Future Study
Bibliography --- p.84
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Moshupi, Maphoko Matilda. "Career development experiences of women in senior leadership positions within civil engineering industry." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10193.
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The paucity of women in senior leadership positions as indicated in the Business Women Association of South Africa 2011 census corroborates that gender equality is still a concerning issue even in the democratic era that we live in. This study explores career developmental experiences of women in senior leadership position in the civil engineering industry. The primary objective was to investigate how these professional women were managing their careers and what career experiences contributed to their ascent to the senior echelons of management. Meaning to the career experiences of these women had been given according to the self-determination theory. By means of purposive selection, seven women at senior management level were selected from both the private and public sectors in the civil engineering industry. Based on the semi-structured interviews conducted, personal documents reviewed and footnotes recorded; it was evident that there were different factors that had facilitated the ascent of these women to senior positions. Their career experiences were also characterised by challenges that subsequently instigated the development of coping strategies and methods. The study has implications for organisations in civil engineering that wish to attract and retain women from generations to come.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
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"Perceptions of sex offenders' rehabilitation: The differences in perceptions among mental health professionals and the public." ALLIANT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, FRESNO, 2010. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3365029.
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Koreis, Kristýna. "Ženy ve sportovních redakcích: gender, profesní sebepojetí, moc." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358016.
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Thesis called "Women in Sports Media: Gender, Professional Identity, Power" is a qualitative analysis of self-perception by women journalists in sports media. Using semi- structured interviews with women journalists working in sports newsrooms, the self-perception picture was created through personal experience. The goal was to uncover the way women sport journalists talk about their profession. This thesis attempts to identify presence of gender aspects, that can have an influence over women journalists through their personal experience. Analysis also focuses on the degree of (un)satisfaction in professional life and tries to identify reasons, that cause the (un)satisfaction. Interest is also put on individual wishes and dreams in profession and questions about the future of sports journalism and women in sports journalism.
Books on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Silver, Linda R. Deference to authority in the feminized professions. Northfield, OH: OWL, Ohio Women Librarians, 1987.
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Burke, Ronald J. Sex differences and cross-sex effects on mentoring: Some preliminary data. Kingston, Ont: Queenś University, School of Business, Research Program, 1990.
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Burke, Ronald J. Sex differences and cross-sex effects on mentoring: Some preliminary data. Kingston, Ont: Queenś University, School of Business, Research Program, 1990.
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Welpe, Ingelore. Karriereagenda für Frauen: Wie Geschlecht und Kommunikation über den Karriereerfolg entscheiden. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2011.
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Ely, Robin. Toward a conceptualization of relationships among professional women at work. [London, Ont.]: National Centre for Management Research and Development, School of Business Administration, University of Western Ontario, 1990.
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Ely, Robin. Toward a conceptualization of relationships among professional women at work. [London, Ont.]: National Centre for Management Research and Development, School of Business Administration, University of Western Ontario, 1990.
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Hoi, Mandy M. Gender differences in the career development of professionals in Hong Kong. Shatin, New Territories, iHong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
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Men in caring occupations: Doing gender differently. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
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Jan, Bogg, ed. Gendered occupational differences in science, engineering, and technology careers. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2013.
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Ford, Cecilia E. Women speaking up: Getting and using turns in workplace meetings. New York, N.Y: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Nordenström, Anna, and Ute Thyen. "Improving the Communication of Healthcare Professionals with Affected Children and Adolescents." In Understanding Differences and Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), 113–27. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000363636.
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Kultti, Anne. "Mutuality in Collaboration: A Development Project for Teaching in Multilingual ECEC." In Methodology for Research with Early Childhood Education and Care Professionals, 133–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14583-4_9.
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AbstractThe context of this chapter is a long-term collaboration within a development project for decreasing differences in young children’s living conditions. The project aimed to take on this challenge through professional development about teaching and learning, as well as home-preschool collaboration, in multilingual preschool contexts. Participants were preschool teachers, preschool heads, and persons responsible for preschool education in a total of six municipalities, together with a researcher and a local region working for children’s wellbeing. In this chapter, collaboration is seen as a dialogical activity between these actors. Experiences of conditions for and contributions of mutuality in a collaboration are reflected on and discussed from a researcher’s perspective. A lesson learned involves the cruciality of practices of leading, in terms of organizing for ongoing professional development. This includes legitimizing the experiences of participating teachers and distributing leadership. These aspects are understood as adding to the ownership of participating teachers and contributing to the development of content.
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Goos, Merrilyn, and Aoife Guerin. "Investigating the Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Classroom Practices of Out-of-Field, In-Field, and Upskilled Mathematics Teachers." In Out-of-Field Teaching Across Teaching Disciplines and Contexts, 311–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9328-1_15.
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AbstractThe study that we report in this chapter contributes to our broader research agenda for evaluating the impact of a national professional development programme that upskills out-of-field post-primary mathematics teachers in Ireland. The aim of the study was to compare the self-efficacy beliefs, perceived and observed classroom practices of six post-primary mathematics teachers (three groups of 2) who were either out-of-field, upskilled via the professional development programme, or in-field. The teachers completed surveys of their self-efficacy beliefs and approaches to teaching mathematics. Video recordings of three mathematics lessons taught by each teacher were analysed using the Productive Pedagogies classroom observation framework. The findings showed that there were similarities and differences between the three groups of teachers; however, the upskilled teachers were developing self-efficacy beliefs and pedagogical practices that are similar to those of in-field teachers of mathematics.
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Snaibi, Wadii, and Abdelhamid Mezrhab. "Livestock Breeders’ Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Morocco’s Arid Rangelands." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1853–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_18.
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AbstractSince the mid-1970s, the high plateaus of eastern Morocco have experienced proven trends of climate change (CC) such as a significant decrease in rainfall amounts and an increase in the droughts’ frequency. Consequently, the CC threatens the sustainability of this pastoral ecosystem and negatively affects the breeding of small ruminants, the main local-level livelihood, which becomes more vulnerable due to its high dependence on climatic conditions. This chapter aims to analyze breeders’ adaptation practices by taking into account their social stratification based on the size of the sheep flock in possession. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests to examine the differences in the adoption’ frequency of CC adaptation measures according breeders’ classes and Chi-square independence test to identify the factors explaining these observed differences. The analysis of local adaptation practices reveals that they are endogenous but above all curative, aiming at a short-term logic and have a low to medium relevance compared to the specific objective of adaptation to CC. In addition, there are significant differences in the frequency of adoption of CC adaptation strategies (chi-square value = 8.1112, p = 0.017, df = 2) within categories of breeders, in particular between small and larger breeders (U statistic = 58.000, p = 0.008). The significant factors explaining these differences are socioeconomic (age, household size, equipment, training, and membership of a basic professional organization). It is therefore recommended to target small breeders as a priority and to set up support measures (equipment, training, funding, organization of breeders).
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Nilsen, Trude, Ronny Scherer, Jan-Eric Gustafsson, Nani Teig, and Hege Kaarstein. "Teachers’ Role in Enhancing Equity—A Multilevel Structural Equation Modelling with Mediated Moderation." In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 173–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_7.
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AbstractEven though equity is an important aim for the Nordic countries, for many of these countries, the effect of a student’s home background on their achievement seems to increase over time. If the aim is to reduce the effect of SES (socioeconomic status) on student outcomes, there is a need to identify the factors that moderate this relation. One such factor could be teachers and their instruction because they have been found to be key to student outcomes. However, few have linked teachers and their instruction to equity, and fewer still have made this link in Nordic countries. The aim of the present study is to identify the aspects of teacher quality and their instruction that may reduce the relationship between SES and student achievement in the Nordic countries. Eighth-grade students from the only two Nordic countries participating in TIMSS 2015 (Norway and Sweden) were selected. Multigroup, multilevel (students and classes) structural equation models with random slopes were employed to investigate which aspects of teacher quality moderate the relation between SES and student science achievement via instructional quality. The findings show that teacher professional development and specialisation reduce the relation between SES and science achievement via instructional quality in Sweden, while there were no significant findings for Norway. This study contributes to the fields of equity and teacher effectiveness, demonstrating that teachers may make a difference in reducing inequity through their competence and instruction.
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Rubenfeld, Sheldon, and Daniel P. Sulmasy. "Physician-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Bioethics in Nazi and Contemporary Cinema." In The International Library of Bioethics, 173–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01987-6_10.
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AbstractToday, physician-assisted suicide and/or euthanasia are legal in several European countries, Canada, several jurisdictions in the United States and Australia, and may soon become legal in many more jurisdictions. While traditional Hippocratic and religious medical ethics have long opposed these practices, contemporary culture and politics have slowly weakened opposition to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Our chapter examines how assisted suicide and euthanasia have been presented in cinema, one of the most powerful influences on culture, by Nazi propagandists during the German Third Reich and by Western filmmakers since the end of World War II.Almost all contemporary films about assisted suicide and euthanasia, including six winners of Academy Awards, promote these practices as did Ich klage an (I Accuse) (1941), the best and archetypal Nazi feature film about euthanasia. The bioethical justifications of assisted suicide or euthanasia in both Ich klage an and contemporary films are strikingly similar: showing mercy; avoiding fear and/or disgust; equating loss of capability with loss of a reason to live; enabling self-determination and the right-to-die; conflating voluntary with involuntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia; and casting opposition as out-of-date traditionalism. Economics and eugenics, two powerful arguments for euthanasia during the Third Reich, are not highlighted in Ich klage an and are only obliquely mentioned in contemporary cinema. One dramatic difference in the cinema of the two periods is the prominence of medical professionals in Ich klage an and their conspicuous absence in contemporary films about assisted suicide and euthanasia. A discussion of the medical ethos of the two time periods reveals how cinema both reflects and influences the growing acceptance of assisted suicide and euthanasia.
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Lee, Jen-der. "Sex in School." In Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390908.003.0003.
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Nearly two hundred volumes of physiology and hygiene textbooks, together with governmental and other materials, are investigated in this chapter to illuminate the intricacies in drawing the moral landscape pertinent to sex education in early republican China. Frequent revisions of official directives testify to the fast changing political and intellectual arena of China. Shifted emphases between reproductive functions and puberty sexuality exemplify the professionals’ uncertainties in getting to the early teens. Pedagogical publication boomed and writers experimented on both textual and visual materials. Bio-medicine was flagged as entrance to learning one’s own body, but a healthier nation promoted in the New Life Movement eventually relied on the individual’s self-discipline not necessarily required of scientific erudition. Some may have found secretion system more useful than anatomical information to integrate physiology, psychology and pathology into the mechanism of sexual differences, so much so that a gender division of labour was proposed to fulfill both personal responsibilities and to echo contemporary political rhetoric. Not all endorsed such elaboration, however, and the zigzag between sexual differences and gender equality became a noteworthy parallel to the tug-of-war between sexuality and reproduction.
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"Space Representation and Gender Differences." In A Simplex Approach to Learning, Cognition, and Spatial Navigation, 23–28. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2455-7.ch003.
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Scientific literature highlighted gender differences in spatial orientation. In particular, men and women differ in terms of the navigational processes they use in daily life. Scientific literature highlighted that women use analytical strategies while men tend to use holistic strategies. According to classical studies, males show a net advantage at least in the two categories of mental rotation and spatial perception. Subsequently, brain-imaging studies have shown a difference between males and females in the activity of brain regions involved in spatial cognition tasks. What we can say with certainty is that, given the complex nature of the subprocesses involved in what we call spatial cognition, the gender differences recorded by numerous scientific studies conducted in this field are closely related to specific measured abilities. The evidence that emerges with certainty from diverse studies is, however, that of a huge variety of strategies that differ according to sex, context, purpose to reach, education, age, and profession. In the study presented here, the gender and age-related tests show a significant sex-based difference perspective-taking tasks, but there is no gender-based difference in the mental rotation task.
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"Professional Medical Discourse on Sex Differences and Sexuality in Egypt, 1827—1928." In Medicine and Morality in Egypt. I.B.Tauris, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350987173.ch-002.
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Goodman, Diane M., and Mariette Geldenhuys. "Consensual Dispute Resolution with Same-Sex Couples." In LGBTQ Divorce and Relationship Dissolution, edited by Abbie E. Goldberg and Adam P. Romero, 133–46. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190635176.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the role of consensual dispute resolution (CDR), which allows parties to resolve their disputes outside of the judicial system, in same-sex relationship dissolutions. Two forms of CDR are mediation and collaborative law. In mediation, the parties meet with a neutral professional who helps the parties identify and resolve their disputes. In collaborative law, each party is represented by a collaborative attorney. The chapter, outlines characteristics of mediation and collaborative law, including their similarities and differences, and the tenets of a collaborative divorce. It then describes how the history of discrimination in the courts has affected LGBTQ families and made the use of CDR a more satisfactory and safe way to uncouple. It examines the unique issues that arise for some LGBTQ clients. Lastly, it reviews the skills a CDR professional needs to work with LGBTQ clients.
Conference papers on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Zhang, Weihua, Yanbin Shen, Jinbiao Gu, Zhongxiang Feng, and Kun Wang. "Sex Differences of Drivers’ Parking Behavior: The Influence of Environment, Psychology, and Driving Ability." In 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480915.465.
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Čuić Tanković, Ana, Jelena Kapeš, and Valentina Kraljić. "IMPORTANCE OF SOFT SKILLS AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN TOURISM: VIEWPOINT FROM TOURISTS AND FUTURE TOURISM EMPLOYEES." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.12.
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Purpose – Besides possessing professional knowledge, tourism service providers need to have expressed communication skills and soft skills in order to offer a better tourism service. In this paper, the tourism employees' set of soft and communication skills is analysed and compared from two different points of view: tourists on the one hand and future tourism professionals, i.e., tourism students, on the other. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the importance and differences in the perception of soft skills and communication skills in the tourism and hospitality sector from these two standpoints. Methodology – Two structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data: the first questionnaire aimed at examining the tourists' attitudes regarding the importance of soft and communication skills (N=431), and the second one, at analysing the importance of soft and communication skills from the perspective of future tourism professionals (N=404). The research results are presented using descriptive statistics, the t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Findings – The results indicate that both groups are aware of the importance of communication and soft skills. The statistically significant differences between the tourist sample and the future tourism professional sample were found for all items of the Soft skills factor, with the exception of the items Demonstrating respect, Integrity, and Responsibility. Both samples show similarities with regard to all kinds of Communication skills. Statistically significant differences in the perception of all five Communication skills items from tourists' and future tourism professionals' perspectives were found. Contribution – The paper contributes to the theory by systematizing and analysing the literature and conceptualizing the soft skills and communication skills up to date. Its empirical contribution derives from the examination of data related to the tourist sample and the future tourism employee sample. This different point of view contributes to filling the research gap and opens new future research directions. By examining the most important soft skills and communication skills from these two perspectives, this study provides a practical implication for tourism educators and hospitality managers, revealing the communication skills and soft skills that require further development.
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DAUKILAS, Sigitas, and Rita KEIBIENĖ. "FRAMEWORK OF VOCATIONAL SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES TEACHER ACTIVITIES: MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS, PROFESSIONAL ROLES AND APPLICATION OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN CORRELATION WITH PERSONALITY TRAITS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.238.
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The relevance of this research is based on the standpoint of the epistemological methodology focusing on the quality of the profession cognition. Therefore, it is presumed that the quality of vocational education is determined by the variable personality traits of teachers (extraversion, openness towards experience and innovation, consciousness, agreeableness, neuroticism). The research object of the current study is the correlation between the personality traits of university of applied sciences teachers and vocational teachers and the curriculum components. The research aims at identifying the correlation between the motives of vocational school and university of applied sciences teacher activities, educational technologies they use, professional roles and their personality traits, as well as identifying the essential differences of the mentioned variables. The quantitative and qualitative research strategies were employed allowing the researchers to perceive and assess the parameters of the correlation between the professional identity of teachers, meaningfulness in pedagogical work, motivation and educational content. The research results revealed that the social, extrinsic, introjected and identified regulation motivation in vocational schools and universities of applied sciences vary considerably; in universities of applied sciences social and identified regulation motivations manifest themselves, whereas in vocational schools a lot of demotivating factors related to the problems of vocational student identity, career prestige of a vocational teacher and external motivation, are observed. The role of vocational school and university of applied sciences teachers in the didactic process also varies: university of applied sciences lecturers identify themselves in the position of the teacher-andragogue, whereas vocational school teachers see their role as a professional (expert). Moreover, the principles of social constructivism in pedagogy and andragogy are more effective among university of applied sciences lecturers, while vocational school teachers often have to rely on the behaviouristic principles of pedagogy for educational assessment and the enhancement of student motivation.
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Groß Ophoff, Jana, Sandra Schladitz, and Markus Wirtz. "Differences in Research Literacy in Educational Science Depending on Study Program and University." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5556.
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The ability to purposefully access, reflect on, and use evidence from educational research (Educational Research Literacy, ERL) are key competencies of future professionals in educational practice. Based on the conceptual framework presented in this paper, a test instrument was developed to assess ERL, consisting of the competence facets Information Literacy, Statistical Literacy, and Evidence-based Reasoning. This contribution aims to delve deeper into the question of whether Educational Science students differ in their overall ERL proficiency depending on their study program and university. This comparison is based on a large-scale study of 1,213 Educational Science students (Teacher Training and Educational Studies) at six German universities in the winter semester of 2012/13 and in the summer semester of 2013. The results indicate that students seem to profit from their studies at the different universities. Moreover, the ERL competence facets differentiate to some extent between universities and degree programs, which can serve as the starting point for curricular quality development measures. Subsequently, the results are critically discussed, and the desiderata for future research are stated, e.g., the identification of predictors that cause the reported differences.
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Barrios, Elvira, and Luis Alejandro Lopez-Agudo. "Socioeconomic status and university students’ perceptions of English as a professional language." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12870.
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The study behind this paper aimed to assess the influence of the socioeconomic status (SES) on university students’ expectations of English use in their prospective career and their perceptions of English competence as a key professional skill. The sample consisted of 109 students from two Bachelor Degree courses at the University of Málaga (Spain), one in Energy Engineering and the other one in Pedagogy. An ANOVA analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three SES groups in the sample as to their expectations and perceptions concerning English competence. However, descriptive statistics show that the participants in the lower SES group have lower expectations regarding the role of English in their future career. Additionally, the students in this group hold a lower perception of English as a key professional skill. These findings lead us to conclude that lower SES students may be less inclined to enrol in partially or fully taught English courses at university, and that their perceptions may actually be a factor in their future career prospects in areas where English is extensively used as a lingua franca.
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Macey, Darren. "Substance or structure: how do teachers' concept images of distribution compare to those of exper statisticians." In IASE 2021 Satellite Conference: Statistics Education in the Era of Data Science. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.izekl.
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Research into approaches to statistics education in recent decades has produced remarkably consistent recommendations, but this is not generally well reflected in the learning activities that take place in many classrooms. This multi-case study attempts to begin to understand why, by exploring concept images for the concept of statistical distribution. In this study of three teachers and three expert statisticians based in England, the concept images of the six participants were mapped through individual semi-structured interviews and then compared. The key differences identified between the expert statisticians and the teachers related to how conceptual elements were connected and navigated, with teachers relying heavily on their knowledge of assessment items for this. Additional similarities and differences are discussed along with some implications for professional development and further research.
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Чэнь, Янань. "SOME PROBLEMS OF CHINESE PROFESSIONAL PIANO EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF ALL 3 CATEGORIES OF CHINESE UNIVERSITIES." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp321.2021.69.44.005.
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В статье с целью выявления комплекса проблем, ограничивающих дальнейшее развитие китайского пианизма, предложен анализ китайских музыкальных вузов, готовящих профессиональных пианистов. Делается вывод о наличии общих для всех 3-х категорий вузов проблем, не смотря на различие целей и средств обучения будущих специалистов. In order to find a set of problems limiting the further development of Chinese pianism, the article offers an analysis of Chinese music universities that train professional pianists. It is concluded that there are problems common to all 3 categories of universities, despite the difference in goals and means of training future specialists.
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Manh Tran, Thang, and Dorian Stoilescu. "An Analysis of the Content, Policies and Assessment of ICT Curricula in the Final Years of Secondary Schooling in Australia and Vietnam: A Comparative Educational Study." In InSITE 2016: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Lithuania. Informing Science Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3460.
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[This paper is published in the Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, Volume 15.] This paper explores and analyses similarities and differences in ICT curricula, policies, and assessment between the Vietnamese and Australian educational systems for the final years of secondary educational level. It was found that while having a common core set of tendencies, the Australian ICT curricula, policies, and assessments differ markedly from the Vietnamese counterparts. These differences can be explained by economic and cultural factors, national-wide educational trends, ICT strategies, and their degrees of implementation in schools. We found that limited constructivist implementations are used in ICT curricula in both countries, as Australian education has high expectations in national evaluations with an emphasis on standardized tests and Vietnamese education is still entrapped in prescriptive lessons of traditional pedagogy, emphasizing transmission model of information. We found that lack of opportunities in teacher professional development in ICT training is common for both countries. While the Australian educational system still struggles, especially in providing opportunities for learning theoretical and programming aspects, multiple challenging aspects were found in the ICT content and policies of the Vietnamese educational system that call for immediate change and improvement. In this sense, Vietnamese administrators are recommended to extensively follow up their educational strategies and policies, in order to make sure that their reforms are adequately implemented in schools. In order to bridge the gap and implement adequate ICT curricula, rigorous professional training in ICT teaching is essential for both Australian and Vietnamese teachers.
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Sandupama, A. V. P. U., T. Ramachandra, and U. G. D. Madushika. "ENHANCING VALUE ENGINEERING APPLICATION IN THE SRI LANKAN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: A FRAMEWORK." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.27.
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The concept of value engineering (VE) is used to optimise the cost, time, quality, and functional performance toward achieving the best value for client money. However, the application of VE in construction industries is limited as there are differences in the use of the VE concept to developing economies, application of cost-oriented procurement systems, and lack of a practically applicable framework. In the local construction context, VE is practiced in an ad hoc manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a framework including a tailored approach to enhance the VE application in the building construction industry. A qualitative approach was adapted to solicit views of twenty-two (22) construction professionals who involved in the six (6) high-rise building construction projects and practiced the VE concept. Views of professionals were synthesised using content analysis and finally developed a framework including a tailored VE approach. The findings conclude that cost and time as the main value criteria which motivate the VE application. Further, VE application in the construction industry is initiated mostly in the construction stages while professionals’ preference is laid on the initial project phases. Consequently, the contractor change proposal was identified as the sound approach to deliver VE since motivations emerge during physical construction. Finally, a tailored VE approach was developed considering concept design, developed design, and construction stages with related VE motivations to enhance the VE application in the Sri Lankan building construction context in a simplified manner.
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Pieck, Loran, Julius Sebuhalala, and Sandrine Ishimwe. "Exploring the use of a WhatsApp Bot to Influence Online Continuous Professional Development of Teachers in Rwanda." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.907.
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The shift from in-person to blended and online delivery of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of teachers has created various challenges. First, blended and online learning can impact the quality of learning. Some participants find it difficult to self-regulate, plan their learning and complete activities within the set deadlines. Secondly, blended and online CPD can influence the intensity of learning. Lastly, offering CPD programmes online may have equity implications. VVOB – education for development in partnership with Rwandan education authorities, experimented with a conversational learning pilot (WhatsApp bot) to strengthen teachers’ involvement. A treatment-control group research design was used in two blended CPD programmes.The total sample consisted of 417 educators. Findings reveal that additional WhatsApp input helps teachers to move through the online courses, positively influencing their learning. Almost all participants indicated that the additional WhatsApp support was crucial for their timely delivery of tasks. No significant differences in learning outcomes were identified when comparing with a counterfactual. Regarding equity-related challenges, positive effects were identified on the inclusion of older age groups. // By discussing these findings, VVOB wants to explore with the conference audience how semi-automated systems can be further deployed to support teachers and school leaders in their lifelong learning.
Reports on the topic "Professions – Sex differences"
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Kim, Joseph, and Patricia McCarthy. Evaluation of Sustainability Determinants to Develop a Sustainability Rating System for California Infrastructure Construction Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2142.
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This study evaluates the important sustainability determinants that affect factors’ success in meeting their sustainability goals when conducting infrastructure construction projects in California. The study implemented the online survey method to evaluate the sustainability characteristics that infrastructure industry professionals currently are aware of under the current situation in California. A data set of 25 validated survey responses is used for statistical data analysis using analysis of variables, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and two sample t-tests. The analysis results showed that the median response values for the six major sustainability categories do not show any significant difference. The results also showed that no statistically significant difference in the mean response values can be found from the six major sustainability categories considered. Based on the pairwise comparison results, only the other category showed a difference with water- and energy-related categories. However, mean ranks among the factors under each category are useful in prioritizing the importance of the factors considered, which will be useful for the successful implementation of sustainability in infrastructure construction projects in California. These results are meaningful for legislators and transportation agencies because they provide insights about the sustainability criteria relevant to infrastructure construction projects for better informed decisions about how to meet the projects’ sustainability goals.
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Striuk, Andrii M. Software engineering: first 50 years of formation and development. [б. в.], December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2880.
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The article analyzes the main stages of software engineering (SE) development. Based on the analysis of materials from the first SE conferences (1968-1969), it was determined how the software crisis prompted scientists and practitioners to join forces to form an engineering approach to programming. Differences in professional training for SE are identified. The fundamental components of the training of future software engineers are highlighted. The evolution of approaches to the design, implementation, testing and documentation of software is considered. The system scientific, technological approaches and methods for the design and construction of computer programs are highlighted. Analysis of the historical stages of the development of SE showed that despite the universal recognition of the importance of using the mathematical apparatus of logic, automata theory and linguistics when developing software, it was created empirically without its use. The factor that led practitioners to turn to the mathematical foundations of an SE is the increasing complexity of software and the inability of empirical approaches to its development and management to cope with it. The training of software engineers highlighted the problem of the rapid obsolescence of the technological content of education, the solution of which lies in its fundamentalization through the identification of the basic foundations of the industry. It is determined that mastering the basics of computer science is the foundation of vocational training in SE.