Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Professionalism in sports Australia'
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1
Peterson, Mary. "Developing an awareness of professionalism : nursing in Australia, 1899-1975 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armp485.pdf.
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Bacon, J. "FE sports lecturer professionalism : 'freedom to play, or, 'do as I say?' : narrative accounts of further education (FE) sports lecturer professionalism from FE institutions in the South West of England." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2019. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/35602/.
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The primary aim of this research was to investigate how Further Education (FE) Sports Lecturers defined their sense of professionalism with reference to the jobs they did and the environments in which they worked. Individual narratives were generated for the academic years 2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17 for five Sports Lecturers from FE institutions in the South West of England. Eight Sports Lecturers from four different FE institutions took part in the research through completing a Survey Monkey online questionnaire and five of these lecturers from two different FE institutions undertook a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews to answer the research questions. Individual narratives were constructed, analysed and discussed. Findings showed that there remained high levels of performativity and accountability in FE institutions and these caused a great deal of pressure and stress for the Sports Lecturers. There were similarities to school-based research where the Sports Lecturers experienced significant gaps between what they were teaching and what they perceived society needed. The Sports Lecturers often had to adapt their methods of delivery to work effectively in their contexts and consequently, they mainly saw their professionalism as an externally imposed, articulated perception of what lay within the parameters of their profession's collective remit and responsibilities. This research also uncovered a new area of research entitled 'competitive mediation' which reflected how the professional practice of the Sports Lecturers was heavily influenced by structure and compliance, but they operated in ways which matched their own values and therefore they were mediating these tensions. It was found that the Sports Lecturers who had played competitive sport, felt that their sporting experiences helped them to develop skills which complemented their professional practice in their FE environments. However, the Sports Lecturers narrowed their curriculum delivery and they taught to the test to achieve good results which they then were happy to compare with their colleagues. These methods of delivery were seen to be a negative consequence of the structures which were determining their practice. Consequently, this research found that the FE sector might be moving further away from proposed democratic models of education and it was predicted that this would be compounded in the future with recent political developments.
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Bolligelo, Alana. "Tracing the development of professionalism in South African Rugby : 1995-2004." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/199.
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Litherland, Benjamin M. "The field and the stage pugilism, combat performance and professional wrestling in England, 1700-1980." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53494/.
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Speaking to a local radio station in the 1960s, with the glitz, glitter and glamour of televised professional wrestling at its height, one old, retired Cumbrian wrestler declared that ‘wrestling…was a game for the field not the stage'. This statement, condensed and potent as it is, could stand in for the questions this thesis asks and seeks to answer: why did wrestling develop as a professional, performed ‘sporting entertainment'? To answer this question, existing theories of social and sports history are combined with cultural studies methods and applied to Pierre Bourdieu's notion of fields. Chapters one and two surveys the birth of a fielded society and the growth of spectator and professional sport as part of a wider cultural field in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Considering many sports during this time had relationships with the theatre, circus and fairground, the seemingly logical expansion of professional sport was closer to that of professional wrestling. Sport, however, did not develop in this way. Chapter three explore the reasons for this and posits that the genesis of the sporting field, demonstrated by the growth of sporting bodies and the perpetuation of amateur ideal, dominated the field. Control of wrestling, however, for various reasons, was not gained in this manner. Chapter four examines the consequences of this when professional wrestling became a fully performed sport in the interwar years. Finally, chapter five assesses the relationship between the sporting field and television in the late twentieth century. Wrestling as a ‘sporting entertainment' is of interest precisely because it displays a ‘discarded possible' of how professional sport may have grown had it not been for the institutions and ideologies active within the field during the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century. It also demonstrates the often precarious nature of fields and concludes that sport's meanings, pleasure and values are not as consistent as are first assumed.
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Richardson, Niall B. "Work intensification and professionalism : A study of teachers' perceptions in the state school system in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/788.
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The past two decades have witnessed the introduction throughout much of the Western world of what has become known as economic rationalism, and for some commentators, as economic liberalism. Grounded in neoclassical economic theory, and with close kinship to the Taylorist and Fordist principles of the early decades of the twentieth century, the vision of economic rationalism has led to measures which have tended to favour the business sector in Australia. Throughout the 1990s, the focus has been on the notions of competitiveness, competition, productivity, efficiency, and profit, while the notions of the individual, and of social justice and equity, have often appeared to become correspondingly less important. As a result, there has emerged an increasing differentiation between the interests of capital and labour or, more broadly, between commercial and social interests. The differentiation is becoming increasingly stark, and one aspect which has attracted attention is that of work intensification. The thesis revolves around three research questions, related to the issue of work intensification, and with a focus on teachers. For the sake of the study, teachers arc deemed to include principals and deputy principals who, especially in smaller schools, have both teaching and administrative duties. The study examines the extent of teacher work intensification. Consequently, the first question is: "To what extent does work intensification exist amongst teachers in Western Australian State Schools?"
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Bursuc, Vlad A. "Amateurism and Professionalism in the National Collegiate Athletic Association." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1374144535.
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Taylor, Tracy Lynn School of History UNSW. "Women, sport and ethnicity: exploring experiences of difference in netball." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17816.
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This thesis investigates how sports organisations and discourses have impacted on the sports participation of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. A series of national participation studies have documented that women from minority ethnic backgrounds have significantly lower participation rates in sports and physical activity than Anglo-Australian women. However, the explanations and dimensions of this difference have not been examined in previous research. The experiences of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are used in this thesis to explore sports discourses and organisation and the embodiments of their interrelationship. The present research proposes that sports organisations and discourses within Australia have historically served to marginalise women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The arguments for this position are explored using a local narrative which details the situated nature of women????s experiences of sports. These experiences are located within a historical context that traces migration policies, the growth and development of sports and women????s social relations since white settlement of Australia. It is argued that contemporary sports discourses and organisation are inextricably tied to Australia????s colonial and imperialist past. Theories of ethnicity, gender and sports are analysed. The theoretical perspective taken in this thesis builds on feminist ideologies and ethnicity studies. Empirical analysis is undertaken using gender relations to situate sport as a site of cultural struggles best understood through investigations of history and diversity. Aspects of power, control and influence are central to this thesis. The empirical component of this thesis uses secondary data sources, surveys and interviews to investigate the research proposition. This is achieved on two levels. The first level interrogates existing data to create a macro level analysis of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in sports. A survey of 972 schoolgirls was undertaken to collect information on sports participation and attitudes to sports. This was followed by 30 interviews with women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds that explored individual sports experiences and perspectives on sports. The second level of investigation employed the case study of netball to examine the research question as it related to a specific sports organisation. The case study component of the research involved document and archival analysis, a survey of 372 netball players and interviews with 18 women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and former and current netball administrators. The thesis analyses the empirical data as it relates to the organisation and discourse of sports in Australia. The principal conclusion reached is that sports organisation and discourses are located within a societal power structure that places women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds on its margins. Sports participation is predicated on conformity to existing cultural practices and expectations and it does little to facilitate cultural diversity. The women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds who participated in the research did not perceive sports as particularly inclusive of gender and culture. The examination of netball demonstrated that netball has not been concerned with ????other???? women, rather it has focussed its efforts on appealing to ????mainstream???? women. While netball has not explicitly excluded the involvement of women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, neither has it actively encouraged cultural diversity. This thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in the field of sports studies with its empirical research and through the ensuing development of a framework for locating the implications of inclusion or exclusion in sports organisations and discourses. This understanding can be used to assess and inform future sports policy development and practice. Principally, the thesis seeks to acknowledge and legitimise the sports experiences of women from diverse backgrounds and in doing so provides insights into a better theoretical understanding about the nexus of gender, ethnicity and sports.
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Cunningham, Helen. "A review of the policy development processes that relate to the inclusion of people with a disability in sport : some Western Australian evidence." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/600.
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In the late 1960s, there was a major change in social policy and legislation in developed countries that improved the rights and opportunities for people with a disability in all aspects of society, including sport. In 1992, in concert with the general acceptance of the social model of disability, Australia enacted legislation making it illegal to discriminate against a person with a disability; this encouraged their inclusion into the community (Australian Sports Commission, 2005; Doll-Tepper, 1999; Thomas & Smith, 2009).
In order to meet the obligations of anti-discrimination legislation, Australian sport organisations became active in preparing policy frameworks to guide and develop programs to improve access and hence participation by people with a disability. Much of the literature has focussed on constraints to sport participation, but few studies have reported the influence on, or outcome of, these policy development processes on sport generally, or on the inclusion of people with a disability at a club level. By examining those Western Australian sport organisations identified as active in providing opportunities in their respective sports for people with a disability, this study aimed to address this gap in inclusion research.
This study reviewed the process of policy development used by Western Australian State Sport Associations (SSA) and investigated the influence this process had on the inclusion of people with a disability in sport at a club level. A qualitative methodological approach was chosen with semistructured interviews (with SSA and club representatives) and document analyses of state and national sport organisation (NSO) policies that related to the inclusion of people with a disability. Purposive selection of the initial study participants, SSAs, was used to identify those actively attempting to include people with disabilities in their sports. Representatives from clubs which were known to be inclusive were also identified during the semi-structured interviews with the SSA cohort. This approach focused on the experiences of those who were actively involved in the policy development process, as well as those active in the delivery of programs for people with a disability. The personal knowledge and experience revealed by all who were interviewed, was analysed using content analysis, and the relevant policy documents from the national and state sport organisations were analysed by matrix analysis.
The findings reveal that the SSA and NSO policy documents that relate to the inclusion of people with a disability in sport have similar content; however, the policy development processes vary, and do not follow the theoretical policy development frameworks suggested in the literature. There are many variables, both ‘top down’ and ‘bottom up’ that influence the process of policy development, such as the incentive of government funding and direction provided by NSOs; and there being individuals in the sport organisations who are prepared to drive the policy process and its implementation process forward. This study found that although SSA policy development processes result in limited outcomes at a club level, when a sport organisation goes through a process it makes a commitment to include people with a disability. This in turn raises the organisation’s awareness of ways and means to include them into mainstream sport or specific programs. While several of the sports were active in conducting separate programs, specifically for people with a disability, the flow down of the influence of the policy development to clubs from the national and state level appeared negligible. There was also little coordination and engagement of SSAs and their affiliated clubs when planning and conducting programs for people with a disability. This study proposes a modified approach whereby sport organisations can follow a realistic policy development pathway to create desired change. Moreover, this study reveals the complex environment and stakeholders involved with the inclusion of people with a disability in sport.
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Kaye, Fern V. (Fern Victoria). "Status Determinants for Professional Sports and Professional Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279295/.
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The purposes of the investigation were to determine if status of professional sports and professional athletes increases as male participation increases, if perceived status of 'athlete' increases with participation in sports that contain 'male' attributes, and if gender differences are related to status indicators. Sixty-eight students were administered a status-determinants questionnaire. A one-way ANOVA (gender) and a 2 x 12 ANOVA (gender x sport) were employed to determine status ratings of sports. A 3 x 2 (increase/decrease/no change x gender) Chi square was employed to determine status of sports, perceived masculinity of males/femininity of females, and status of the athlete related to gender attributes of sports.
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Tang, Hui-Yuan M. "A comparative study of national government elite sport systems in Australia and Taiwan: A model for Olympic success." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/285.
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This study was prompted by the stagnation facing the Taiwanese Government in promoting elite sport and pursuing sporting achievement at the Olympic Games. The main purpose of the study was to explore and compare the national government elite sports systems (NGESS) of Australia and Taiwan and make recommendations for Taiwan to improve its elite sports development and performances at future Olympics. To accomplish this purpose, the present study examined the similarities and differences between Australia and Taiwan in terms of stakeholders' viewpoints on the definition of Olympic success; the profiles of the current national government elite sport agencies; the mechanisms of the government elite sport agencies at national level; and environmental influences affecting elite sport and the mechanisms of the respective NGESS. The study utilised a qualitative design. Data were collectcd through document analysis and the Delphi technique. In conducting the Delphi technique, a four-round Delphi survey was undertaken in the respective countries using electronic questionnaires. Participants included 24 sport experts in Australia and 32 in Taiwan. A comparative data analysis of the documentary evidene and the Delphi survey was conducted and findings reported.
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Tcha, Sooyoung Sul. "Exploring the relationship between organisational culture and planning processes in selected Western Australian sport associations." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1743.
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This study explored the effects of organisational culture on the planning processes of three state sport associations in Western Australia. Using the competing values framework of organisational culture and Chapman' s planning model, this study aimed to explore three research questions: (i) What are the demographic and organisational cultural profiles of the selected sport organisations? In particular, do professionals and volunteers share similar or different perceptions of the organisational cultures?; (ii) Wh~t are the development planning processes for each sport association? How does each association perceive the development planning processes?, and; (iii) How does organisational culture influence planning processes? To find answers to these research questions, this study used two kinds of data: a survey for quantitative analysis, and interviews with CEO/President and board members of each association for qualitative analysis. For all the associations, group culture was strongly emphasised. This may be a tradition in sport, especially as Australian sport has a strong reliance on volunteers, and is a quality that distinguishes sport organisations from other types of organisations. The slightly lower emphasis on rational and developmental culture may be indicative of the newer trends of professionalism in sport and the tension between especially group culture and rational culture as professional officers (paid staff) take over managing sport from the volunteers. All these sport associations exhibited low to very low emphasis on hierarchical culture, suggesting that these attributes are less evident and less valued, and perhaps the organisational structures are less hierarchical, although organisational charts for the associations were not investigated. In comparison, the interviewees recognised group, development and hierarchical cultures to be emphasised but not rational culture. This may indicate that the two facts were combined: first, organisations have moved from hierarchical to a more horizontal structure, and second, the interviewees, in general, had been with respective associations for a significantly longer duration than the average workers. It was found that the workers in the three associations had similar perceptions in regard to their planning processes. Regression analysis found that group cultural value was significantly related to the association's planning process. Hierarchical culture was also found to be related to some aspects of the planning process, such as the association's recognition of the importance of planning. It was also found that some demographic profiles of respondents affected the perception of planning processes. For example, a female worker was more likely to perceive that her association's planning processes were better developed. A worker with longer experience in the current occupation was more likely to perceive his/her association's planning processes as less developed. The status of the worker, whether she/he was a volunteer or paid employee, also seemed important in recognising the importance of planning. The findings from this study presented important suggestions and recommendations for sport organisations and national and state governments, as well as relevant academic disciplines, regarding the relationship between organisational culture and planning processes.
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Asplund, Love. "Från amatörism till professionalism : en undersökning av organisationerna hos Västerås SK ocg Gideonsbergs IF efter amatörismens avskaffande 1967." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-366.
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Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa hur två fotbollsföreningar i Västerås påverkats av amatörismens avskaffande 1967. Gideonsbergs IF (damer) och Västerås SK (herrar). Undersökningen har fokus på hur dessa föreningars organisation och budget förändrats i och med professionalismens införande i den svenska idrotten, samt hur föreningarna skaffat sponsorer. Dessutom påvisas de skillnader som funnits mellan föreningarna. Forskningsansatsen är kvalitativ och data har insamlats främst från de båda föreningarnas styrelseprotokoll men även genom en intervju med en person som varit anställd av båda föreningarna under den undersökta perioden. Resultatet blev att tydliga förändringar syntes inom båda föreningarnas budget och organisation efter amatörismens avskaffande. Omsättningen i föreningarna ökade och organisationerna effektiviserades. Likheter och skillnader mellan klubbarna redovisas även.
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Chester, Yayoi. "A model of consumer buyer behaviour relating to the sponsorship of major sporting events in Australia." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/35001.
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Kickett-Tucker, Cheryl S. "Urban Aboriginal children in sport: Experiences, perceptions and sense of self." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1258.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the sense of self for a group of urban Western Australian Aboriginal children through analysing their perspectives and experiences in school sport and physical education. A symbolic interaction inquiry paradigm complemented with qualitative data collection methods was utilised. Informal conversational interviews and nonparticipant observations were employed. Interviews were conducted with participants and those whom they reported as their significant others. Participants were also observed in the school sport setting during physical education classes and intra and inter school sport competitions. Eight Western Australian Aboriginal children who resided in an urban suburb of Perth, Western Australia and attended a coeducational state school were the participants. Upper primary students, aged 11 to 12 years were included with an equal representation of both males and females. Data were analysed in accordance with Colaizzi’s (1978) procedure. Significant participant responses were extracted and meanings were identified in order to group the meanings into various themes. It was found that Aboriginal students mostly experienced positive interactions with others in the school sport setting. They demonstrated above average sport skills and were consistently rewarded with praise from their fellow peers and teachers. Aboriginal students did not enjoy physical education since it limited their participation, social interaction with others and their enjoyment. Team sports were preferred, but females reported that they disliked coeducational sport competition. Aboriginal students reported that participating in sport (particularly team sports) made them feel happy about themselves since it provided an opportunity for them to feel proud of identifying as an Aboriginal. Opportunities for equality and acceptance from others were more accessible in the school sport domain, since feedback for performances was constant and contained positive information. Feedback was often supplied immediately after a performance and was directed to the student concerned. For some though, sport participation could also result in students experiencing shame. This occurred when a mistake was performed or when significant "others" were present and observed their participation. In all, school sport provided the opportunities for Aboriginal students to develop positive and favourable self-perceptions, particularly with regard to their Aboriginal identity.
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Seyler, Chellsie D. "Perceived Importance of Professionalism in Athletic Training Education and Practice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333490919.
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Kalend, Steven L., and n/a. "The evolution of secondary school representative sport in Australia (1977-1983)." University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060804.124742.
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For many years, considerable time and effort was devoted by
teachers in Australian schools to the organisation of sporting
activities for students. As a result, School Sports Associations were
formed in most Australian States early this century. These
Associations provided intra state and inter state competition on a
limited scale.
It was not until the early 1970's that any co-ordinated effort
was made to bring together all the States' and Territories' activities.
Regular meetings of Association Secretaries led to the formation of
the Australian State Secondary Schools Sports Council in 1973.
This was the beginning of a new era in secondary school
representative sport in Australia. The creation of a forum for States
to discuss matters of mutual interest resulted in a greater awareness
within school communities of the benefits provided by sporting
activities.
This generation of interest eventually led to the formation of
the Australian Secondary Schools Sports Federation in 1977. This
body, representing all States and Territories became identified as
the controlling body of secondary school sport in Australia and has
continued to develop this role over the years.
Since the formation of the Australian Secondary Schools Sports
Federation, there has been significant growth in representative
sporting activities, greater liaison and improved relations with
community groups and systematic generation of relevant policies aimed
at the betterment of school sport.
After several years of operation, the role of the Federation
was supplemented by the establishment of the Australian Schools Sports
Council. This body represents both Primary School and Secondary School
Sports Associations throughout Australia. After considerable effort,
the Council was successful in obtaining Commonwealth Government funding
for the employment of a National Executive Director to work full-time
on the promotion of school sport.
The years 1977-1983 saw dramatic growth in school sporting
activities in Australia. Many problems were encountered some of which
were ultimately solved. Other problems continue to occupy those who
work within the organisation and their solution would appear to be the
main task for the future.
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Sorensen, Ros Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The dilemma of health reform : managing the limits of policymaking, managerialism and professionalism in health care reform." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33194.
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Hospitals worldwide are under pressure to perform and models abound to remedy poor performance. Reform, however, is contested, uneven and slow. One reason is that few models address a core issue in reform: the management of clinical work. A further reason is that stakeholder groups, specifically policymakers, managers and clinicians, limit opportunities for collaborative problem solving as they seek to impose their own frame of reference in the struggle for control. I hypothesise that performance will be relatively better in hospitals that have in place strategies of agreement to set the objectives of reform, such as participative problem identification, problem solving and decision making, together with a method to manage clinical work. This hypothesis was tested in twelve public hospitals in three Australian states between 1999 and 2001 using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Government and hospital policy documents were assessed and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gauge the attitudes and practices of managers and clinicians regarding health care reform. The results of the research show that hospitals with inclusive strategies for change, principally strategies of agreement, joint education and skills development, team-based incentives to direct and reward effort and a method of clinical work management, performed better than those without. Findings indicate that policy was developed and communicated as a rational top-down process that tended to exclude diverse views. Although the effect of different jurisdictional policy processes on hospital performance was not clear, they had considerable impact on the environment of reform. Cost containment and patient safety dominated as policy objectives. These alone did not engage clinician interest or address service quality. The connection between the quality of care and its cost did not appear to be understood. Organisational structures and processes necessary to support reform, that is communication forums for objective setting and performance review, integrated clinical and corporate accountability systems and organisational capacity building were not in place in the majority of hospitals studied. An organisational model of clinical work management was developed to improve cost-effectiveness by balancing clinical autonomy and clinical accountability based on the research results.
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Byrne, Katrana Helen, and n/a. "The Face of Public Relations in Australia An inquiry into academic and practitioner perceptions of practice, power, and professionalism in contemporary Australian public relations." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20091215.092833.
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This dissertation presents research into the public relations field in Australia,
including its background, design, results and recommendations. Research
investigated areas of convergence and divergence of ideas about public relations
practice between Australian practitioners and academics. The project was inspired
by a significant gap in the Australia-specific public relations literature, as there is
limited or no in-depth empirical investigation into notions of meaning, dimensions of
practice, professionalism, organisational power, and education, in the public relations
field in Australia.
While research has been conducted into how those outside the profession view
public relations, few have asked those within the industry (practitioners and
academics) about their understanding of public relations in Australia, nor compared
these findings to locate and analyse spaces of convergence and divergence of
meaning.
Inquiry was facilitated through the administration of two online questionnaires; one
targeted to those identifying as public relations practitioners, and the other for those
who identified as public relations academics. Each questionnaire comprised six
sections, and sought a mixture of in-depth qualitative and quantitative data on the
following areas:
o Meaning, scope and agreement of the term 'public relations'
o The dimensions of public relations
o Perceptions of public relations practice
o Perceptions of public relations scholarship
o Perceptions of public relations education
o Respondent demographics
As non-probability sampling was applied to this study, it is not possible to report a
response rate. That said, a total of 40 academic and 107 practitioner responses
were received and comprise the data set. Administration of the questionnaires
generated a significant amount of both qualitative and quantitative data.
The results were diverse and intriguing, leading to a number of specific
recommendations and suggestions for further research. For example, the study
found that:
o There exists a gap between respondent definitions of the term 'public
relations' and respondent reports of public relations practice;
o Both public relations academics and practitioners underestimate the
professional practice of their practitioner colleagues;
o While most practitioners see academics as adding value to the public
relations field, a considerable proportion do not, yet findings indicate that
academics may not be as out of touch as practitioners imagine;
o Both public relations academics and practitioners conceive notions of
professionalism in the same manner; and
o Both groups identify writing and interpersonal skills as the most valuable skills
for a public relations practitioner to possess, and both groups also prioritise
knowledge of public relations specific theory and principles. Practitioners
also prioritise the need for greater attention to general business practices in
public relations education, while academics determine a need for greater
emphasis of ethical standards and research competence.
This research project closes with a number of direct recommendations and areas for
further inquiry. Among these, it is suggested, for example, that academics become
mindful of underestimating professional practice as doing so may perpetuate
negative images of the field. Rather, academics should be encouraged to seek out
opportunities for collaboration with practitioners. Dialogue between academics and
practitioners can enhance accurate understanding of, not only the dimensions of
practice, but also the value of academia, in the field. Via these, and the other key
lessons and recommendations, the findings and results of this research project have
dramatically furthered efforts to map the landscape of public relations in Australia.
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Farrelly, Francis John. "A predictive model of sport sponsorship renewal in Australia." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf245.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 231-291. This thesis investigates key drivers of sponsorship renewal. The market orientation of sponsors, and their perception of their sponsored entity's (property's) market orientation, are analysed as antecedents of the trust invested by sponsors in the relationship, the level of commitment they exhibit and both the economic and non-economic satisfaction they derive from it. Sponsor economic and non-economic satisfaction and their commitment to the relationship are considered to be the ultimate drivers of the decision to renew. The argument is presented that sponsorship is a form of strategic or co-marketing alliance. The Australian Football League, the leading sponsorship property in Australia, is investigated in the empirical part of the thesis.
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Keech, Wendy. ""Gear-up with a mouthguard" : a study of the use of mouthguards in basketball." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmk258.pdf.
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O'Beirne, Cameron. "Online Strategies for Sport Organisations in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1741.
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The globalisation of communications has brought with it the ability to increase the efficiency of various business aspects of sport organisations. Although the use of the Internet may be seen as a promotional and strategic eBusiness tool, there is little empirical evidence or analysis of the influence of organisational strategy on Internet initiatives within sport organisations. Little is known about the nature and effects of eBusiness developments in voluntary sport organisations and the extent that various sport management constructs influence organisational strategy to deliver sport business growth. Most of the existing research on the subject has simply provided what amounts to check lists of desired outcomes, or descriptive analysis of use of the Internet by sport organisations. This study has sought to investigate factors that contribute to voluntary sport organisations in Western Australia developing online strategies. To do this it was necessary to define characteristics of online sport organisations and development of a framework through an extensive literature review. Using sport strategic types from the literature, 5 imperatives of sport organisation strategy were identified and used to assist in developing research questions for the study. Specifically, the research sought to investigate what computer technologies are currently being utilised by sport organisations, how the Internet was being used by sport organisations, what were the features of sport organisation websites, which strategic imperatives contributed to the development of online strategies, and how do these strategic imperatives contribute to the development of online strategies. The research utilised complementary methods incorporating both qualitative and quantitative measures. The study used descriptive methodology to report what actually happened whilst examining relationships between strategic imperatives and the sport organisations through case study analysis. The major methods of data collection were survey analysis and interviews with key stakeholders within the sport organisations. The use of computer technology by sport organisations, and the use and role of the Internet within sport organisations was investigated. This was followed by an exploration of the features and characteristics of sport 2 organisation web sites which was analysed and contrasted with previous studies. This survey analysis provided a starting point for the main part of the study that entailed interviews with a number of participants from volunteer sport organisations in Western Australia. Using an interview guide approach, participants provided responses grouped around strategic imperatives for sport strategy that included fundability, the size of the client base, volunteer appeal, support group appeal, and total costs. Phenomenological nodes that arose from the research based on the qualitative method were analysed using a statistical computer program, NUD•IST. Using a case study analysis, the study explored a number of themes and issues that emerged from the data which influenced the development of Internet strategies within sport organisations. These included themes of strategic capability, intermediation effects, financial aspects, the issue of control, as well as measuring value. A plan of strategic preparedness for the online sport organisation was subsequently developed utilising the themes and results that emerged from the data coupled with planning models identified from the literature. The results of this research have many implications for the voluntary sport organisation in maximising online innovations to drive sport business growth. At the conclusion of the thesis, extensive recommendations for further research are provided.
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Alsarve, [Arvidsson] Daniel. "I ständig strävan efter framgång? : föreningsdemokratins innehåll och villkor i Örebro Sportklubb 1908-89." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-33836.
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The aim of this dissertation is to study the conditions of and changes in sociative democracy processes at club level. One sports club is studied, Örebro Sportklubb (ÖSK), from its foundation in 1908 up to 1989. The main sources are club minutes, member magazines and annual reports. Democracy, and its twofolded relation to sport and economy processes, is the main problem area of the study. The specific question is how aspirations for economic effectiveness and sporting success influenced the democracy processes in ÖSK between 1908 and 1989. The Swedish sports movement has been described as a democratic movement. But the same movement has also been portrayed as an undemocratic movement made of men, for men. The study is based on a broad understanding of the democracy concept where issues of representativeness, influence, participation and knowledge are prominent. At a club level, the study is analysing the contents of the Swedish sports movement's democracy and its change during the 1900s. The thesis also illustrates how the pursuit of economic efficiency affected the associative democracy. These efficiencies were visible already in the 1920s, but was deepened during the 1970s. In short, the democratic range decreased, and successful sections became less and less motivated to finance the deficits of other sections. But the increased market orientation did not only represent a threat to the associative democracy. Marketisation and commercialization also preconditioned the democracy. At the club arena (Eyravallen), the members met in the clubhouse and café which, in turn, deepened the social capital and friendships within the club.
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Marsh, David R. "Seven decades of sports writing at the West Australian (1901-1971)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/653.
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For a country whose identity is much bound up with sport, little research has been done so far into Sports journalism in Australia. This study traces the changes that have occurred in the reporting of sport in the West Alustralian between 1901 and 1971. This time span has been chosen to cover the period from Federation to the point when sport acquired its own section at the back of the newspaper and sports editor Ted CoIlingwood retired after 32 years in the job. In this seventy year period, January and July of every seventh year are taken as a sample to map out the developments in sports journalism. The months January and July have been chosen so as to capture both summer and winter sports. The newspaper's editions of these two months in the eleveo periods were assessed both quantitalively and qualitatively. The quantitative study shows the amount of sport reporting, all the column space devoted to the various sports. It confirms that the amount of sports reporting has been on a steady increase ever since 1901, except for tbe war year 1943.
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Beneli, Leandro de Melo 1977. "Basquetebol masculino paulista : apropriação das caracteristicas do esporte profissional na estrutura organizacional das categorias de base." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275197.
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Orientador: Paulo Cesar MontagnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O esporte moderno passou por profundas transformações (mercantilização, profissionalização e espetacularização), sobretudo através do modelo capitalista, que modificaram suas estruturas buscando atender à demanda ávida pelo consumo deste fenômeno. Diante desse fato, observa-se a introdução de características do profissionalismo na organização institucional do basquetebol masculino brasileiro nas diversas áreas que abrangem a modalidade. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse estudo é discutir sobre a apropriação das características do esporte profissional nas categorias de base do basquetebol masculino paulista. Como objetivos específicos esse estudo buscará contextualizar a origem e o desenvolvimento do esporte moderno, referenciar a trajetória institucional de organização do basquetebol masculino brasileiro, e analisar a estrutura organizacional das categorias de base do basquetebol masculino paulista. Baseado na classificação metodológica realizada por Gil (2002) no tocante aos objetivos e aos procedimentos técnicos, este estudo optou pela pesquisa exploratória e pelos procedimentos: bibliográfico e documental. Este estudo contribui para a área das ciências do esporte, na medida em que propõe explorar o material bibliográfico em torno do tema, visando compreender esse fenômeno complexo, e organizar um estudo que promova a discussão destes questionamentos. No capítulo 1 será contextualizado o processo histórico, especificadamente, a formação e o desenvolvimento da ¿sociedade burguesa¿, responsável por mudanças sociais que se refletiram nas práticas esportivas. Em seguida, serão discutidas as práticas esportivas iniciais e a forma como estas se organizaram em duas instâncias, na Europa (Inglaterra) e nos Estados Unidos (EUA). No terceiro tópico, o desenvolvimento do esporte moderno ao longo do século XX, permeando questões como a profissionalização e a espetacularização de algumas modalidades, inseridas na sociedade de massa e na sociedade de consumo. E por fim, apresentará o modelo da lógica capitalista de Jean Marie Brohm sobre o processo de transformação do esporte moderno. O capítulo 2 buscará contextualizar o desenvolvimento do basquetebol masculino no Brasil, abordando: a origem, a forma como a modalidade se institucionalizou no país e a trajetória da prática amadora para uma prática profissionalizada. Após a compreensão das transformações do esporte moderno e da organização do basquetebol masculino no Brasil, no capítulo 3 será elaborada uma discussão a respeito das categorias de base masculina do Estado de São Paulo, buscando entender como as relações estruturais e as mudanças na organização se estabeleceram neste cenário. Diante da discussão, percebe-se nessas categorias a presença de características da profissionalização do esporte, de maneira semelhante à categoria adulta: na organização do calendário anual, na maneira como se estruturam as equipes em relação às condições de treinamento e preparação para as competições, e principalmente, na forma de financiamento das equipes, dos atletas e dos profissionais envolvidos com a modalidade
Abstract: The modern sport passed to an intense transformations (mercantilization, professionalization and espetacularization), through the capitalist model, modified their structures looking for attending the avid demand for the consumption of this phenomenon. Buy the way, it¿s observed in the institutional organization of basketball the introduction of characteristics of the professionalism. So, the general aim is to discuss the appropriation of the characteristics of professional sport in the male¿s base basketball categories from São Paulo. As specifics aims this study will be looking for contextualize the origin and the development of the modern sport, understand the institutional trajectory of male¿s Brazilian Basketball organization, and analyze the organizational structure of the male¿s base basketball categories from Sao Paulo. Based on the methodological classification accomplished by Gil (2002) about the objectives and to the technical procedures, this study opted for the exploratory research and for the bibliographical and documental procedures. This study contributes to the area of the sports sciences, since it intends to explore the bibliographical material around the theme, aiming to understand that complex phenomenon, and to organize a study that promotes a discussion of these subjects.In the first chapter it will be contextualized the historical process, the formation and the development of the "bourgeois society", responsible for social changes that reflected in the sporting practices. Afterwards, the practices sporting initials and the form as these were organized will be discussed in two instances, in Europe (England) and in the United States (USA). In the third topic, the development of the modern sport along the twentieth century, discussing linked subjects as a professionalization and espetacularization of some modalities, including into the mass society and consumed society. Finally, will be present the model of capitalism logic by Jean Marie Brohm about the process of the modern sport transformation. In the second chapter will be looking for contextualize the evelopment of the male¿s basketball in Brazil, like: the origin, the form as the modality was institutionalized in the country and the trajectory of the amateur practice for a professionalized practice. After understanding this, in the third chapter will be elaborated a discussion about the base¿s categories in the State of Sao Paulo, reaching understand as the structural relationships and the changes in the organization established in this scenery
Mestrado
Ciencias do Esporte
Mestre em Educação Física
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Burton, Elissa J. "Organisational effectiveness in selected grass roots sport clubs in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/11.
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Grass roots sport clubs are the foundation for sport in Australia, they cater for mass participation across all ages and are predominantly managed by volunteers. The benefits of being involved in sport and in particular a sport club, both from a health and social capital perspective are well documented (Houlihan & Green, 2006; Hoye & Nicholson, 2008; Stewart, Nicholson, Smith, & Westerbeek, 2004). Australian governments at every level, provide funding for sport to support these benefits and often directly to sport clubs. Yet there is little published research on what makes a grass roots sport club effective (Koski, 1995), particularly in Australia. Organisational effectiveness is difficult to define, is constantly changing and usually requires the organisation to determine what is to be measured for effectiveness (Cameron, 1986b). Due to the difficulty in defining organisational effectiveness, researchers began to develop models, which are used to measure the effectiveness of an organisation rather than define it. These models can be onedimensional or multi-dimensional in nature. However, limitations exist with this method of determining organisational effectiveness, because the criteria of effectiveness is predetermined and may not be specific to the organisation/s needs (Kent & Weese, 2000).
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Evans, Daniel, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The internet and competitive advantage in Australian professional sport organisations." Deakin University. Bowater School of Management and Marketing, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.144334.
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The electronic revolution has proven to be a powerful stimulus for change in business practice. As a business tool however, the Internet must endure the same scrutiny under which other business activities are placed. If the use of the Internet in business is a sound strategy, then it must contribute toward competitive advantage. The sport business industry has not been isolated from the vagaries of Internet applications. Moreover, as the industry has become more competitive, forcing sporting organisations towards unprecedented levels of accountability and business practice, the Internet has been increasingly seen as a potential 'holy grail' for sport organisations struggling for revenue (Stewart & Smith, 1999). This research is a response to these pressures. It seeks to identify Internet based opportunities for competitive advantage, and to provide strategies and recommendations for the successful use of the Internet in Australian professional sport organisations.
In realising this objective, a newly developed and integrated Business Activity Model has been constructed. The model assists in the identification of specific Internet based competitive advantage strategies, and provides a theoretical framework for this research. The Business Activity Model conceptualises, for the first time, the relationships between the value chain, constituents of electronically enabled competitive advantage, and the Internet.
With Australia's limited group of fully professional sports capable of sustaining the human resources and budgets necessary to implement comprehensive e-commerce strategies, the organisations selected to participate in this research represent the pinnacle of Australian professional sport clubs. Specifically, the 55 clubs competing in the Australian Football League (A.F.L.), National Basketball League (N.B.L.), National Rugby League (N.R.L.), and National Soccer League (N.S.L.) constituted the research sample and population. In concert with the 87% participation rate, sampling approached a census. A telephone-administered survey, based primarily on
the rigorously tested instrument developed by Sethi and King (1994), was employed for data collection.
This research employs a comprehensive set of descriptive statistics, and is bolstered by a confirmatory and an exploratory factor analysis, undertaken on one component of the data. The outcome of this research was the identification of seven practical recommendations for Australian professional sport organisations seeking to improve competitive advantage via the Internet. These recommendations were based on an inventory of the 'gaps' between the strategies proposed by the literature, and the practices of the sample, and relate to both overall Internet strategy, and specific web site applications. The development of the new Business Activity Model and the identification of key online strategy themes support and complement these recommendations. An examination of variations in the practices of participating organisations, and some comparisons against United States sporting organisations, also provides depth and context to the findings.
This research provides a platform for sport managers to effectively harness the potential of the Internet, through their web sites in particular, and realise significant competitive advantages. The Business Activity Model provides managers in all industries with a tool for the detection and understanding of potential elements of competitive advantage, and incorporates all activities critical to business in the new digital economy. Seven practical recommendations for improved online performance based on identified competitive advantage and strategies fulfils the primary objective of this research. E-commerce continues to grow at astronomical rates, and with the Internet poised to become the life-blood of 21st century sporting organisations, these recommendations will assist managers in their ongoing search for competitive advantage.
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Chéron, David. "Gestion de stress chez des athlètes amateurs en natation /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2005. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Bormann, Erin. "Exploring predictors of sport commitment in coaches." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/607.
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The Sport Commitment Model (SCM) has been used to gain insight about the factors that influence people’s decision to continue participation in sport. Majority of the studies that are grounded in the SCM have been conducted with athletes. To date, few studies have examined sport commitment of coaches however, these did not assess two commitment dimensions per se (functional or “want to” and obligatory or “have to” commitment to sport), rather each has measured certain predictor variables and inferred commitment dimensions based on clustering of predictors [i.e. 13]. This study had one main purpose, to examine the SCM amongst coaches. Specifically, coaches’ commitment to sport and its predictors were assessed from the perspective of the coaches themselves. This was conducted in both a team and an individual sport participation environment. Coaches’ sport commitment was examined during the respective sports season in order to allow all coaches a chance to participate, using current experience to draw upon when they completed the survey. A sample of 92 coaches from Australia and New Zealand, who participate in various sports, completed an anonymous online survey which assessed commitment to sport dimensions and six of the predictor constructs.
Results from a series of 3 separate linear regression analyses provided initial evidence about the factors that explain coaches’ functional, obligatory, and behavioural commitment to sport. It was found that Functional Commitment was significantly predicted by higher Sport Enjoyment, Involvement Opportunities, and Personal Investment. Obligatory Commitment, on the other hand, was predicted by higher Social Constraints and lower Involvement Alternatives. Finally, Behavioural Commitment was predicted by higher Personal Investments and Social Support.
These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for future studies, given that this was the first study which explicitly measured different types of commitment to sport amongst coaches. Results from this study provide a snapshot and a foundation for potential further research about factors that contribute to coaches’ commitment to sport.
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Obel, Camilla. "Unions, Leagues and Franchises: The Social Organisation of Rugby Union in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/914.
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The thesis analyses the amateur game of rugby union by focussing upon the struggles for control between national and local unions and players. Using historical material and interviews with administrators, current players in the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, and Canterbury, a local provincial union, I show how the game of rugby union consolidated as the national game. I follow these actors through the shift to a global professional game sponsored by television networks and show how the local advantages in the New Zealand game come to be reconfigured in this context.
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Newman, Daniel Andrew. "Getting around the problem : an intensive study of the strategic nature of environmental journalists in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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This thesis examines environmental journalists, and the nature of their response to a set of perceived constraints within their professional context. Much of the literature on the subject to date would portray journalists as simply a channel through which previously screened information would be sent. The journalist, in this interpretation, is reduced to a mere transport device - one uninvolved in the
manufacture and negotiation of that which we see as news. This study refutes this viewpoint, holding instead that the environmental journalist, operating from the platform of a "round", has internalised a set of strategic methodologies that both acknowledge the constraints and work to circumvent them. Indeed, the title "Getting Around the Problem", was borrowed from a common response from those
in the sample set. The respondents collectively acknowledged the existence of a set of unique constraints, but always maintained there was a way to "get around
the problem". The study, operating at an intensive level of scrutiny, shows evidence of these constraints, explains their genesis, and demonstrates the journalists' own responses. Implicit in this study is the idea that journalists do in fact operate from within a managed system, but still continue, despite this fact, to retain a significant degree of professional autonomy.
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Mudege, Solomon Mufudzi. "Factors associated with successful talent development in South African soccer players." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015713.
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In recent times, the performances of the South African senior national team (“Bafana Bafana”) have not matched the impressive off-field advancements in South African professional soccer. At the historic 2010 FIFA World CupTM held in South Africa, Bafana Bafana became the first host nation to be eliminated in the first round of the competition. Such disappointments have compelled stakeholders in South African soccer to call for a re-assessment of all structures and programmes which have an impact on the playing abilities of South African players. Of prime importance is the need to obtain a better understanding of talent development in South African soccer. The aim of this research study was to determine the relevance of selected factors associated with successful talent development in South African male professional soccer players competing in the 2008-2009 ABSA PSL season. In order to accomplish the research aims, the literature relating to talent development concepts and models was examined. The literature review identified seven factors which are relevant to talent development in soccer. The empirical study was exploratory, and it utilized a descriptive, non-experimental approach. Data were collected via a 53-item questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate the identified seven factors. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 56 South African professional soccer players who played for clubs participating in the 2008-2009 season of the ABSA Premier Soccer League. The results obtained from the sample were analysed in terms of their descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The following six factors were statistically confirmed as being associated with the successful talent development of the sample: Training Environment, Motivation and Ambitions, Personal Development, Family Support, Cultural Factors and Coaching. These six factors accounted for 58 percent of the overall variance. The questionnaire had a reliability of 0.84, as measured by the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The study concludes that talent development in South African soccer is a multifactorial and complex process. Although the sample size was not suitable for discriminant analysis, theories such as the relative age effect and the „10-year rule‟ may be applicable to South African soccer. This study also adds to the limited body of knowledge on South African soccer, by identifying and scientifically analysing those factors which are associated with successful talent development. As success on the international stage becomes a priority in South African soccer, the identified factors serve as a sound scientific basis in the formulation of improved structures and strategies for perfecting the abilities of young soccer players, and increasing the competitiveness of Bafana Bafana.
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Sharp, Suzanne. "Girls Playing Netball : Factors Influencing Participation In Community Sport During A Transition Phase." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1510.
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This study describes the influences on continued sporting participation in netball for a group of adolescent girls as they make the transition from primary to secondary school and between sub-junior and junior sporting structures. A qualitative research design using one to one and semi structured focus group interviews was applied. The research describes how these meanings and identities both influence decisions about ongoing sporting participation and are influenced by situations, events and people as the participants move from primary to secondary school. Individual and focus group interview and survey data, indicate that for this group of young adolescent girls a variety of influences and factors impacted on their decisions to continue or not in the sport of netball. While evidence in this study supports the literature findings that competence, friends, team aspects, competition and fun are all strong motivations for continued participation, it has also highlighted the sensitive nature of these factors to external or structural changes in the girls lives. In particular, the transition to high school intensified the influence of many of the above mentioned factors. For participants who did not have a high level of perceived competence or the security of friends with which to seek new avenues for playing, continued participation in this particular sport was less likely. Allocating discretionary time to the sport of netball for those who continued in the sport, related to the sport meeting their needs, of which, challenge, skill development, achievement and most importantly social dimensions were paramount. Feedback obtained from the participants can help sport providers gain a better understanding of what influences young female adolescent's decisions about continuance or discontinuance in the specific sport of netball. If we want less drop-out in sport by young adolescent girls during these transition periods the challenge to schools, junior coaches, community sport providers and parents will be to develop strategies to minimise the effects of these transition factors. Perspective's gained will help direct the efforts of sport providers in establishing sporting experiences and intervention programs that retain young girls in sport particularly netball, as they make the transition from primary to secondary school and through to adulthood.
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Swabey, Karen Joy. "The 1992 Australian Senate inquiry into physical and sport education : representations of the field /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19368.pdf.
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Strikwerda-Brown, J. G. "Student and teacher perceptions of a season of sport education in a regional primary school." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1234.
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An interpretive case study approach was employed to examine student and teacher perceptions of the implementation of a sport education in physical education program (SEPEP) in a Western Australian regional primary school. Choi’s (1992) curriculum dimensions were used as a framework. Three year seven teachers implemented SEPEP using a team teaching approach. The focus teacher, Ms Jenson, a highly regarded classroom teacher, described herself as non-sporty and lacking confidence and expertise in PE teaching. Students in her SEPEP volleyball class were considered less popular and less athletic when compared with those in the other two SEPEP classes. A focus volleyball team comprising five girls and a boy of varying sporting interests and abilities were targeted to determine student perceptions of the program. Both the students and the teachers were positive in their overall thoughts and feelings about SEPEP. Greater enjoyment of PE classes, improved range and level of learning outcomes and liking of the student-centred structure of the program were reported.
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Huntly, Colin T. "In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070129.145203.
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Dempsey, Mairead. "Impacts of the changing nature of the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system on educators within the VET system in Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/586.
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Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Australia has experienced an unprecedented rate of change in recent times dominated by economic discourses that point to the need for the VET system to contribute to economic development. This discourse includes increasing the competence of the present and future workforce to meet the emerging needs of the economy so Australia can compete in the global market. The VET sector in Australia operates within a National Training Framework that has been constantly changing over the past decade.
This study considered the impact of the changing nature VET policy on trainers of VET. The study explored the proposition that there is a link between VET trainer competency and a high level of non-compliance in the delivery and assessment aspects of the Australian regulatory standards.
This study includes an environmental scan, a review of key literature, interviews, a survey and findings from focus groups that relate to the VET trainer profile, impacts of sector changes and benchmarks for trainers of VET. The study draws on both quantitative and qualitative data to determine some of the impacts of policy changes on trainers operating within the system, from regulatory to operational perspectives.
This study identifies a basic profile of VET trainers in Australia. It found the pace of change of government policy, regulatory changes, expectations of industry and changes in learners had placed considerable strain on VET providers and their trainers. Some of the challenges identified by trainers included the capacity to reflect the requirements of National Training Packages and meets the needs of the diverse learner’s, and the use of new technology. They identified increased stress levels and pressure of time constraints to produce results.
The evidence indicated the disparity of content, delivery and assessment and modes of the benchmark Certificate IV in Training and Assessment was not conducive to consistency in trainer competency and ability to meet the changing needs of the VET environment.
An important conclusion was that the benchmark qualification for training and assessment within the VET sector does not provide sufficient skills and knowledge to enable trainers to confidently adjust to the speed of evolution within the VET sector. The findings led to recommendations that may help to inform government and policy makers who hold responsibility for the VET sector in Australia of possible future considerations in relation to trainers of VET.
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Carter, May. "So-- you do this for a living? : a study of women in adventure recreation in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1371.
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This study explored the experiences of women working in the adventure recreation industry in Western Australia. Ten women employed in the local adventure recreation industry were selected as a cross-section sample. Selection criteria for this study included employment in the industry for more than five years, competency in several adventure recreation activities and extensive field experience in "hands-on" instructional roles. The women selected ranged in age from twenty-seven to fifty years of age. Years of employment in the adventure recreation industry ranged from five to thirty years. The purpose of this study was to describe the realities of working in the adventure recreation industry; explore the shared meanings held by the women about being a woman employed in adventure recreation; and investigate issues relating to women and non-traditional employment, in particular the adventure recreation industry. Research questions addressed access to employment, attraction of the adventure recreation industry, the meanings associated with women working in adventure recreation, and the influence of gender on their working experience. Interpretive interactionism was chosen as the qualitative research method. Two in-depth interviews were conducted with each of the women. The first interview sought answers to the research questions. The second interview provided an opportunity to clarify emergent themes and ensure the data interpretation was valid. Feminist poststructural theory guided the research process as it focused on power relationships, subjectivity and resistance, and was concerned with disrupting or displacing dominant discourses. The principal findings of this study related to the difficulties of meeting the physical and emotional demands of working in the adventure recreation industry. Lack of recognition of the responsibilities placed on women working in the adventure recreation industry was a major area of concern. Many of the women in this study felt that the perception that their job was easy and enjoyable did not meet the reality of their working life. Lack of adequate financial remuneration was also a major concern. It was felt that the remuneration offered by the industry was insufficient to compensate for its demands. Many women worked long hours and spent extended periods of time away from home, often to the detriment of social and family interactions. Lack of recognition and financial reward was compensated by the diverse range of opportunities offered for personal challenge and flexibility in working arrangements. Many of the women in this study acknowledged a close affinity with the natural environment and expressed their enjoyment of being active outdoors. Sharing their knowledge of technical skills, demonstrating how to appreciate the natural environment and be comfortable outdoors were major factors in career satisfaction. The adventure recreation industry has traditionally adopted male-defined attitudes and practices. Gender-based discrimination was often tolerated and seldom challenged. The predominance of masculine values within the adventure recreation industry has made it difficult for women to attain positions of power and influence. It was recognised that the position for women within the Western Australian adventure recreation industry was changing. As more women enter the adventure recreation workplace, traditional values are being challenged. The women in this study were moving into managerial and administrative positions and were gaining the power to create new opportunities and workplace environments that met the needs of women.
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Keller, Bradley Scott. "A profile of game style, physical, technical and tactical skills, and the pathways that underpin expertise in Australian youth soccer players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2145.
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The attainment of expertise has been the focus of research in many domains including music, chess and sport. This research has progressed with many theories detailing the best way to develop expertise and nurture talent in sport. Soccer is a multifaceted sport which requires a number of physical, technical and tactical skills to be successful, making it difficult to achieve expertise. Although Australia’s performance on the international stage is improving, there is a lack of evidence to inform the most effective development pathways to support the next wave of talented youth soccer players. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to understand what is required to be an expert in Australian youth soccer, and which environmental factors can influence the development of expertise in youth soccer players.
To enhance our understanding of the development of expertise in Australian soccer, the current thesis was guided by the Expert Performance Approach (Ericsson & Smith, 1991) and included three individual studies which captured expert performance, identified underlying mechanisms and examined how expertise was developed. Sixty-two male soccer players (17.0 ± 0.61 y) who represented three cohorts in Australian youth soccer; national elite (Australian Institute of Sport), state elite (state institute) and sub-elite (state league) participated in this study.
Study One captured expert performance through an in-depth analysis of the match characteristics of the three levels of expertise. A total of 24 matches across the three levels of expertise in Australian youth soccer were analysed, with each match videoed and manually coded using SportsCode according to frequently used match characteristics from the literature. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to see if teams with similar technical characteristics could be grouped together in order to make inferences about distinctive tactics and game styles. There were three game styles identified across the cohorts, with the state and national elite cohorts forming two distinct clusters, whilst the sub-elite teams clustered together based on technical output. More specifically, the two elite cohorts executed two different possession styles of play, while the sub-elite cohort played a direct style of game. Although it was clear that technical output and game styles differed across cohorts, it was not clear which underlying mechanisms allowed teams to play this way.
The aim of Study Two was to identify which skills could distinguish the three levels of Australian youth soccer players and contribute to an explanation of the different game styles identified in Study One. This was done using a multifaceted testing battery including physical, technical and tactical tests. The physical tests included intermittent endurance, sprinting, change of direction and vertical jumps, the technical tests included short and long passing, dribbling and shooting, while the tactical test was a perceptual-cognitive decision-making task which required players to choose the correct option in a video-based task. There were a number of physical, technical and tactical outcome measures that could distinguish between cohorts based on the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. The most prominent tests included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, 30m sprint and 20m flying start, height, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test, long passing test, ball control, shooting test and perceptual-cognitive decision-making task. Furthermore, the multidimensional analysis could clearly differentiate players from each cohort based on a Cumulative Total Score for each player. It is evident that the underlying mechanisms for expert performance in Australian youth soccer included elements of physical, technical and tactical prowess which may contribute to the differences in game styles observed in Study One.
Study Three examined how expertise is developed in Australian youth soccer players. The participants completed the Development History of Athletes Questionnaire (DHAQ) (Hopwood, Baker, MacMahon, & Farrow, 2010). A decision tree induction analysis was used to determine which developmental factors contributed most to the predictor variable, the Cumulative Total Score. The amount of sport specific practice distinguished the two highest skilled groups from the lower skilled players. There were then two distinct pathways taken by the elite Australian youth soccer players. The first pathway included players who were later born in their family and had older siblings that participated in other sport, which contributed to their development in soccer. The second pathway included those players who were born early in their family (first or second), with this group specialising later in soccer (after the age of 13), compared to the second tier of athletes.
Overall it was clear that there were distinguishing game styles for various levels of Australian youth soccer players. The elite players had underlying physical, technical and tactical attributes that allowed them to execute a possession-based game style. This thesis has provided evidence that the national elite players had followed a different pathway and been exposed to different environmental influences compared to the sub-elite players, factors that had contributed to their current level of expertise and success. This work provides Football Federation Australia and associated personnel with a strong framework upon which to base their talent identification and development programs given this thesis was able to provide evidence of distinct game styles, physical, technical and tactical skills distinguishing playing levels and differing pathways exhibited by the athlete cohorts.
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Badock, Philip R. "Performance attributes of talented schoolboy Australian Rules Football players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1992. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1139.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between selected psychological characteristics and performance of a group of talented young Australian Rules football players. The study group consisted of 50 of the best identified schoolboy 15 year old Australian Rules football players in Western Australia. From this group 25 boys were selected to represent Western Australia at the Australian School Sports Council National Football Championships. The selected psychological characteristics were competitive anxiety (trait and state), competitive sport orientation (competitiveness, win and goal orientation) and sport confidence (trait and state). Performance was measured, first, by the selection or non selection of the player in the final team and second, by a high or low performance rating at the completion of the championships. Psychological characteristics of those players who were selected in the team were compared with those who did not make the team in an attempt to identify those characteristics that related to successful team selection. A further comparison of psychological characteristics and performance levels at the completion of the championships was made to determine any common characteristics that identify the higher performing players and possibly to identify predictors of successful performance which could assist with the selection process of other similar groups. The results did not indicate any significant relationships between the selected psychological characteristics of competitive sport orientation, competitive sport anxiety and sport confidence. Nor did the results indicate any relationship between the selected characteristics and the performance of the study group. The results did show however, significant differences between the perceptions of performance as rated by the players themselves and the ratings by the coach, manager, teammates and other independent observer. In every performance rating measure, factor loadings clearly showed that player self-assessments of performance was highly inconsistent with the assessments of the other assessors. This potential area of research may be of significant value in that the player's perception of his performance is not consistent and at variance with the views of the coach and of his teammates.
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Cahill, Shane. ""The Friendly Games"? the Melbourne Olympic Games in Australian culture, 1946-1956 /." Connect to this title online, 1989. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2401.
Full textAbstract:
Melbourne is making a concerted bid to obtain the centenary 1996 Olympic Games. While much of its bid is occupied with explanations of the city’s ability to meet the International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) requirements, it is underpinned by a common theme that the city possesses a unique quality of “Friendliness”. (For complete abstract open document)
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Oliveira, Nuno Matos. "Teachers' experiences with disengagement in physical education classes at secondary school level in the Perth Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1274.
Full textAbstract:
Students’ disengagement from school has been one of the major concerns in educational research (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004). According to researchers (Alexander et al., 1997; Finn & National Center for Education Statistics, 1993; Finn & Rock, 1997; Finn & Voelkl, 1993; Fredricks & Blumenfeld et al., 2004) the more disengaged the students are, the more likely they will be to fail academically and ultimately drop out. Although researchers have already identified several risk factors that can influence students’ engagement (Fulton, 2007; Lee & Burkam, 2003; Newmann, 1992), very few studies have explored teachers’ views of this educational issue. The same seems to be the case in Physical Education where the curriculum has been identified as one of the major factors that influences students’ enagagement (Alexander, 2008; Cothran & Ennis, 1998; Garn & Cothran 2006; Rikard & Banville, 2006; Salee, 2000; Supaporn & Griffin, 1998; Smith & Parr, 2007), However, few studies have given voice to teachers in this matter. Thus, this research sought to explore the way Physical Education teachers experience students’ disengagement at the class level and to ascertain their awareness of some of the educational issues addressed in the literature.
This research used a qualitative approach within an interpretivist theoretical framework, studying a total of four public schools and fourteen PE teachers. The data collection was conducted through individual semi-structured interviews which were guided by a theme list and recorded in a digital format. The data analysis consisted of coding the transcripts into different categories, identifying meaningful patterns.
The analysis of the data collected resulted in three main findings. Firstly, results showed that participants failed to recognize some of the factors identified in the literature that typically influence engagement. This compromised their interventions and therefore their ability to re-engage students in PE. Secondly, participants focused their pedagogical adjustments at the lesson level and not at the curriculum level. Thirdly, teachers were more focused on the processes of learning than on learning outcomes themselves. They were aware of their short- and long-term goals but acknowledged that they could not achieve either of them due to a range of factors, including curriculum limitations.
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Markwick, William. "Training load quantification in professional Australian basketball and the use of the reactive strength index as a monitoring tool." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1709.
Full textAbstract:
Study 1: The intraday reliability of the reactive strength index (RSI) calculated from a drop jump in professional men’s basketball.
Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the reactive strength index (RSI) and jump height (JH) performance from multiple drop heights with elite basketball players. Methods: Thirteen professional basketball players (mean ±SD: age 25.8 ± 3.5 y, height 1.96 ± 0.07 m, mass 94.8 ± 8.2 kg) completed 3 maximal drop jump attempts on to a jump mat at 4 randomly assigned box heights and 3 counter movement jump (CMJ) trials. Results: No statistical difference was observed between three trials for both the RSI and JH variable at all the tested drop heights. The RSI for drop jump heights from 20 cm resulted in a coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.1% and an intraclass correlation (ICCα) =0.96, 40 cm resulted in a CV = 3.0% and an ICCα = 0.95, 50 cm resulted in a CV = 2.1% and an ICCα = 0.99. The JH variable at the 40 cm drop jump height resulted in the highest reliability CV = 2.8% and an ICCα = 0.98. Conclusion: When assessing the RSI the 20, 40 and 50 cm drop heights are recommended with this population. When assessing large groups it appears that only one tria
Study 2: Does session RPE relate with reactive strength qualities? A case study investigation within the National Basketball League
This investigation aimed to establish the relationship between training loads derived from the sessional rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and the reactive strength index (RSI) over a 27-week competitive season in elite basketball players. Fourteen professional male basketball players (26 ± 3.6 years; 95.8 ± 9.0 kg; 197.3 ± 7.3 cm) participated in this study. Training load data were modeled against the RSI over a 27-week competitive season with the use of a linear mixed model. The relationship between RSI and training load was only significantly different from baseline (Week 1) at Week 24 (p < 0.05) and Week 26 (p < 0.01). These primarily findings suggest that sRPE and RSI have a weak relationship, whilst the RSI does not appear to accurately reflect the changes in training load that occur during an in-season periodized training program in professional male basketball.
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Kinsella, David T. "Acute physiological and performance effects of a high intensity lower body resistance training session on Australian Rules Football players." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/212.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research investigating the effects of resistance training (RT) on fatigue has used protocols unrelated to the practices of team sport athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the response pattern of specific performance and physiological measures following an acute bout of high-intensity lower body RT in Australian Rules Football (ARF) players over a five day recovery pcriod. Thirty-live resistance trained ARF players were divided into intervention (n = 18) and control groups (n = 17) with groups being matched for age (mean ± standard deviation. intervention = 17.7 ± 0.7: control = 17.7 ± 0.6 .y ears). Weight (intervention == 76.6 ± 8.2: control = 77 .7 ± 7.6 kg). heiight (intervention == 180.7 ± 7.1: control = 181.2 1: 5.7 cm), I RM back squat (intervention = 120.7 ± I 1.3: control = 114.2 ±: 13.3 kg), and IRM power clean (intervention == 67.8 ± 6.7: control == 64.9 ± 9.2 kg) measures. Intervention subjects performed a high intensity lower body RT session following determination of baseline (pre-test) performance and physiological variables. Performance test variables consisted of strength (peak force during an isometric mid thigh pull [IMPT]) power (peak power and vertical jump height of counter movement jump [CMJ ] and squat jump [SJ]), speed (10 metre sprint time), agility (Australian Football League [AFL], specific agility test time), and subjective levels ofrecovery as determined from the total quality recovery (TQR) perceived scale.
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Stewart, Alastair. "Self-determination theory in motivation to adopt physical activity in older adults: A community based approach." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/164.
Full textAbstract:
Australia has an increasingly aging population with increasing levels of physical inactivity. The potential detrimental effects of these two factors on the health of the community highlight the need to investigate methods to increase physical activity in older Australian adults. The study reported in this thesis formed part of the PATH (Physical Activity Time for Health) Project, a community-based research trial that compared two strategies to increase physical activity in underactive, 60-80 year old men (n = 66) and women (n = 188). Twelve recreation centres were randomised to either a supervised group based walking intervention with behavioural change components, or a self-managed/usual care intervention. Participants in behavioural intervention centres were asked to complete 150mins/week of moderate intensity physical activity as a supervised walking program, organised as 3 sessions/week for the first 3-months and then 1 supervised and 2 unsupervised walk sessions/week for the second 3-months. Participants in self-managed centres were asked to complete 3 sessions of moderate intensity physical activity (150mins/week) for 6 months. In this thesis I have investigated the efficacy of Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci, 1980) to explain motivation of older adults to adopt physical activity. There were three sub-purposes. First, to determine the effect of the behavioural intervention compared with the self-managed approach on psychosocial, physiological, and physical activity outcomes. Second, to investigate the contributions of psychosocial predictors to adherence and physical activity level across the self-managed and behavioural intervention strategies. Third, to estimate the directional relationships between self-determination constructs and adherence using path analysis. The physical activity outcomes measured in this study were retention, adherence and total physical activity level. Retention was defined as the number of participants in the study after 6 months. Adherence was defined as the number of exercise sessions completed over the 6 months. Total physical activity level was measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE; Washburn, Smith Jette, & Janney, 1993). At baseline the behavioural intervention program had 138 participants, compared to 116 participants in the self-managed condition. After 6 months the behavioural intervention program had retained 84% of these participants, compared to 67% in the self-managed condition. With respect to adherence there was no significant difference between participants in the behavioural intervention compared to those in the self-managed condition (67.7% and 59% of sessions, respectively). The total physical activity level (related closely to the adherence score) also did not differ between conditions (114.69 and 115.87 for the behavioural intervention and self-managed groups, respectively). The major and novel finding of this study was that social connectedness was a significant factor in the engagement of older adults in physical activity. This was evidenced by the increases in social connectedness in the behavioural intervention group, compared to decreases in social connectedness reported in the self-managed group. Furthermore, structural equation modelling demonstrated that social connectedness, compared to physical self-perceptions and autonomy, was the only significant predictor of adherence. This study also found that self-perceptions outside the physical domain can have as important a role in exercise behaviour as physical self-perceptions. Structural equation modelling provided further support for this proposition showing adherence was more strongly related to social self-perceptions than physical or cognitive selfperceptions after the intervention. Also, lower perceptions of physical appearance and higher perceptions of nurturance were associated with higher total physical activity levels at 6-months This study confirms previous research and contributes novel findings demonstrating the importance of social connectedness in physical activity behaviour in older adults. Further it provides strong evidence for the ability of physical activity to influence multiple aspects of the lives of older adults. These findings have implications for health practitioners and development of policy and programs to increase physical activity. Employing Self-Determination Theory has further elucidated motivation for exercise in older adults and provided novel findings to support inclusion of socially based components into physical activity promotion campaigns for older adults.
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au, chuntly@parliament wa gov, and Colin Thomas Huntly. "In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070129.145203.
Full textAbstract:
Common lawyers are notoriously suspicious of legal theory. This is exemplified by the dearth of theoretical content in Australian corporate law debate. If the first sin of legal theory is to presume that it can offer a blueprint for actual decision-making and be a substitute for judicial and lawyerly wisdom, then surely it is an equal transgression to profess that judicial and lawyerly wisdom can for long elude criticism without a sound theoretical basis.
Reasoning by analogy is commonplace. This is as true in legal reasoning as in any other discipline. Indeed, it has been suggested that in the Australian legal context analogical reasoning is the very same judicial and lawyerly wisdom referred to above. In order to determine whether there is a true analogy, a number of legal scholars have suggested that a variety of potential known source analogues should be carefully analysed for their potential relevance to a less familiar target analogue lest an inapt analogy should lead one into error.
The modern trading company is widely regarded as an apt source analogue for resolving jurisprudential issues involving incorporated associations and societies. However the basis upon which this assertion is made has never been adequately elucidated. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the modern trading company is the most apt source analogue for developing a jurisprudence of incorporated associations and societies. This is achieved using a theoretical approach drawn from corporate realist theory that is informed by an epidemiological investigation of incorporated sporting associations and societies in Australia and New Zealand.
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Huntly, Colin Thomas. "In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory." Thesis, Huntly, Colin Thomas (2005) In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/83/.
Full textAbstract:
Common lawyers are notoriously suspicious of legal theory. This is exemplified by the dearth of theoretical content in Australian corporate law debate. If the first sin of legal theory is to presume that it can offer a blueprint for actual decision-making and be a substitute for judicial and lawyerly wisdom, then surely it is an equal transgression to profess that judicial and lawyerly wisdom can for long elude criticism without a sound theoretical basis.
Reasoning by analogy is commonplace. This is as true in legal reasoning as in any other discipline. Indeed, it has been suggested that in the Australian legal context analogical reasoning is the very same judicial and lawyerly wisdom referred to above. In order to determine whether there is a true analogy, a number of legal scholars have suggested that a variety of potential known source analogues should be carefully analysed for their potential relevance to a less familiar target analogue lest an inapt analogy should lead one into error.
The modern trading company is widely regarded as an apt source analogue for resolving jurisprudential issues involving incorporated associations and societies. However the basis upon which this assertion is made has never been adequately elucidated. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the modern trading company is the most apt source analogue for developing a jurisprudence of incorporated associations and societies. This is achieved using a theoretical approach drawn from corporate realist theory that is informed by an epidemiological investigation of incorporated sporting associations and societies in Australia and New Zealand.
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Huntly, Colin Thomas. "In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory." Huntly, Colin Thomas (2005) In search of an appropriate analogy for sports entitites incorporated under associations incorporation legislation in Australia and New Zealand using broadly conceived corporate law organic theory. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/83/.
Full textAbstract:
Common lawyers are notoriously suspicious of legal theory. This is exemplified by the dearth of theoretical content in Australian corporate law debate. If the first sin of legal theory is to presume that it can offer a blueprint for actual decision-making and be a substitute for judicial and lawyerly wisdom, then surely it is an equal transgression to profess that judicial and lawyerly wisdom can for long elude criticism without a sound theoretical basis.
Reasoning by analogy is commonplace. This is as true in legal reasoning as in any other discipline. Indeed, it has been suggested that in the Australian legal context analogical reasoning is the very same judicial and lawyerly wisdom referred to above. In order to determine whether there is a true analogy, a number of legal scholars have suggested that a variety of potential known source analogues should be carefully analysed for their potential relevance to a less familiar target analogue lest an inapt analogy should lead one into error.
The modern trading company is widely regarded as an apt source analogue for resolving jurisprudential issues involving incorporated associations and societies. However the basis upon which this assertion is made has never been adequately elucidated. This thesis tests the hypothesis that the modern trading company is the most apt source analogue for developing a jurisprudence of incorporated associations and societies. This is achieved using a theoretical approach drawn from corporate realist theory that is informed by an epidemiological investigation of incorporated sporting associations and societies in Australia and New Zealand.
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Esgin, Tuguy. "Evaluation of acceptance and efficiency of exercise for Indigenous Australians to benefit physiological, anthropometric and metabolic syndrome outcomes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2003.
Full textAbstract:
The proposed study will provide an increased understanding in a much-understudied area of how the Australian Indigenous community perceives physical activity and the beneficial effects for improving health outcomes.
The PhD will be made up of three studies:
1) To design an exercise prescription that is culturally appropriate and specifically addresses the major Indigenous health issues around metabolic syndrome.
The first will be a cross sectional study that surveys the motivators and barriers to physical activity within the Perth Noongar community. The results of this study will be used to enhance the intervention section of the PhD. It will provide a more accurate and the best means of ensuring not only a greater uptake, but also ways of developing positive lifelong physical activity habits.
2) Determining the amount of physical activity taking place within the Noongar community.
Utilising the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire to measure the amount of physical activity and sedentary rates within the Indigenous community.
3) Evaluate the compliance and effectiveness of the developed intervention to inform future exercise therapy programmes for this population.
The second study will be a randomised control trial looking at the physiological responses to a combination of aerobic and anabolic (resistance) exercise. The significance of this aspect of the PhD will be to capture and record physiological and quality of life measures some not previous recorded in the Indigenous community. This will inform policy relation to the most appropriate targets for eliciting successful behaviour change to improve health in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations
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Gambeta, Wilson Roberto. "A bola rolou: o velódromo paulista e os espetáculos de futebol (1895/1916)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-01102014-162931/.
Full textAbstract:
Trata-se de um estudo sobre a constituição dos espetáculos esportivos na cidade de São Paulo, entre o final do século XIX e o início do XX. São investigados os espetáculos relacionados ao turfe, ao ciclismo e, particularmente, ao futebol. A tese examina a passagem histórica dos esportes individualizados, com apostas, para as disputas entre equipes de atletas, baseadas apenas no mérito. Analisa também a importância do estádio como espaço de sociabilidade, com atenção especial sobre o Velódromo Paulista, uma arena para exibições esportivas que existiu no bairro paulistano da Consolação, entre 1895 e 1916. O universo da moderna cultura urbana é relacionado às transformações ocorridas dentro das famílias da elite de origem rural, algumas das quais tiveram atuação destacada na organização dos espetáculos atléticos. O estudo chamou atenção para o papel dos esportes no processo de modernização do estilo de vida urbana. Examinou o aparecimento do clube esportivo como entidade da sociedade civil e a transformação das agremiações atléticas, originalmente constituídas por rapazes, em associações para o congraçamento familiar. As análises apontaram para a função mediadora ocupada pelo clube esportivo entre a esfera privada do lar e as organizações político-partidárias. Ao acompanhar o processo histórico de ressignificações da ética esportiva importada da Europa, o autor observou que o futebol era divulgado no meio urbano paulista como pedagogia social conservadora e os espetáculos assumiram a função de transmitir os valores morais defendidos pela elite. Notou as deficiências das relações entre a educação física escolar e os jogos informais de futebol espalhados pela cidade, bem como as características clientelistas do futebol amador da época. Revelou a emergência do profissionalismo acobertado pela moral do amadorismo. Acompanhou a tumultuada constituição dos órgãos federativos em âmbito regional e nacional, mostrou que a partir da segunda década do século XX os espetáculos de futebol ganharam grande importância nas relações políticas nacionais e na diplomacia entre os países do Cone SulThis is a study on the incorporation of sporting events in the city of São Paulo between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Performances related to turf, cycling, and particularly to soccer are reviewed. The dissertation analyzes the historical transition of the individual sports, with bets being placed on disputes among athletic teams, based solely on merit. It also examines the importance of the stadium in terms of sociability, with a special focus on the Velódromo Paulista, a stadium for sports events, which existed in the neighborhood of Consolação between the years of 1895 and 1916. The universe of modern urban culture is related to the transformations which occurred within the elite families of rural origin, some of which demonstrated prominent co-operation in the organization of athletic events. The study drew attention to the role of sports in the process of modernization of urban lifestyle. It also examined the emergence of sports clubs as a civil society organization and the transformation of athletic associations, which originally consisted of boys, into associations for family socialization. The analysis highlighted the role of sports clubs as mediators between private home environments and the political party organizations. By monitoring the historical process of reinterpreting sports ethics imported from Europe, the author notes that soccer was disclosed in urban São Paulo as a conservative social pedagogy and performances took on the role of transmitting moral values upheld by the elite. He also observed the shortcomings of the relationship between the physical education in schools and the informal soccer games which took place throughout the city as well as the patronage of amateur soccer of the time. He revealed the appearance of professionalism covered up by the morale of amateurism. He monitored the tumultuous creation of federal agencies at a regional and national level, and indicated that as of the 1920s, soccer performances gained significant importance in national political relationships as well as with regard to diplomacy among the countries of the Southern Cone of Latin America
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Holm, Elin, and Mårten Kevesäter. "Organisationskultur – från ideell till kommersiell : En kvalitativ studie om organisationskultur i en organisation med ideell, professionell och kommersiell idrott." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41512.
Full textAbstract:
Historiskt sett har idrotten i Sverige utövats dels efter ett amatörideal i syfte att bekämpa ohälsa, dels efter eget idrottsintresse. Idrotten har sedan den etablerade sig, följt samhällsutvecklingen och anpassat sig därefter. När amatörregeln togs bort på 60-talet genomgick idrotten en förändring mot professionalisering vilket bland annat innebär att anställda inom professionella idrottsorganisationer erhåller ekonomisk ersättning för deras arbete och utövarna kunde tjäna pengar på sin idrott. Idrotten utvecklades i samhället och kommersialisering blev ett fenomen som har gett bestående inslag inom idrottsvärlden, där det nu återfinns flera kulturella värdegrunder som består av ideell, professionell och kommersiell idrott. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om de olika kulturella värdegrunderna kan förenas inom en idrottsorganisation och om det då uppstår några problematiska situationer, spänningar, när de förenas. Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie där tre semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Resultatet utgick ifrån Schein’s organisationskultursmodell samt de kulturella värdegrundernas identiteter och visade på att organisationskulturen formas och integreras av ideell, professionell och kommersiell idrott samt att det uppstår spänningar när dem förenas i en organisation. I detta fall blir den professionella och kommersiella verksamheten mer dominerande i organisationskulturen.Historically, sports in Sweden have been practiced either according to an amateur ideal for the purpose of combating ill-health or and in accordance with the athletes own sports interest. Since its establishment, sport has followed social development and adapted accordingly. When the amateur rule was removed in 1967, the sport underwent a change towards professionalization. It is primarily sports organizations that compete at the highest level and with a focus on team sports that have embraced this professionalization. The professionalization meant that employees in sports organizations were paid a salary and that the athletes could make money from their sports. Development in sport has since continued in line with society and commercialization has become a phenomenon as well as a lasting element that has taken over parts of the power in the sports world. This has created different cultural values in sports. We now talk about non-profit -, professional - and commercial sports. This study investigates whether these values can work together within an elite organization and what tensions may arise between them. The study is a qualitative case study in which three semi-structured interviews have been conducted. The analysis was based on Schein's organizational culture model, which focuses on the levels of artifacts, espoused beliefs and values and basic underlying assumptions. The result showed that organizational culture is shaped and integrated by the different cultural values.