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Journal articles on the topic 'Professional sports'
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Presta, Valentina, Costanza Vitale, Luca Ambrosini, and Giuliana Gobbi. "Stereopsis in Sports: Visual Skills and Visuomotor Integration Models in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111281.
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Visual skills in sport are considered relevant variables of athletic performance. However, data on the specific contribution of stereopsis—as the ability to perceive depth—in sport performance are still scarce and scattered in the literature. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of the effects of stereopsis on the athletic performance, also looking at the training tools to improve visual abilities and potential differences in the visuomotor integration processes of professional and non-professional athletes. Dynamic stereopsis is mainly involved in catching or interceptive actions of ball sports, whereas strategic sports use different visual skills (peripheral and spatial vision) due to the sport-specific requirements. As expected, professional athletes show better visual skills as compared to non-professionals. However, both non-professional and professional athletes should train their visual skills by using sensory stations and light boards systems. Non-professional athletes use the visual inputs as the main method for programming motor gestures. In contrast, professional athletes integrate visual information with sport expertise, thus, they encode the match (or the athletic performance) through a more complex visuomotor integration system. Although studies on visual skills and stereopsis in sports still appear to be in their early stages, they show a large potential for both scientific knowledge and technical development.
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Smîdu, Neluța. "Joint Degeneration in Professional Sports." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 8 (October 1, 2011): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/august2014/165.
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Kleymenov, Ivan. "Professional Sports and Criminological Risks." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).83-92.
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Introduction. The article highlights the problem of criminological risks in professional sports, which by its
nature is characterized by significant criminogenic potential. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to show the
criminogenicity of professional sports and the appropriateness of applying a risk-based approach to its analysis.
Methodology. The research methodology is based on identifying criminological risks in relation to professional
sport and its subjects in terms of ensuring their safety. Results. Professional sport has a pronounced
criminological content due to the fact that it: a) activity with the goal of making a profit; b) illegal competitions
are held; c) there is crime among athletes; d) this area is attractive for corruption, money laundering and, in
general, for organized crime; e) in this area, mass deviations from fans are often observed; f) this is the sphere
of international politics and here there are elements of a hybrid war, the target of which is Russia, and the
high-level professional athletes are the victims. Criminological risks in the field of professional sports are
differentiated into three groups: criminal, criminogenic and victimological. Criminal risks are related to the
commission of crimes in this area. Criminogenic risks are associated with the criminalization of professional
sports. Victimological risks are currently concentrated in the field of international professional sports and are
most pronounced in doping scandals, the main victim of which was designated Russia. Conclusion. Public
relations in the field of professional sports require analysis from the perspective of a risk-based approach, which
should be supplemented by an assessment of criminological risks: criminal, criminogenic and victimological. It
is important to take into account the political dimension of such risks – both in the field of domestic and
international politics.
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Flint, William C., and D. Stanley Eitzen. "Professional Sports Team Ownership and Entrepreneurial Capitalism." Sociology of Sport Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1987): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.1.17.
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Three arguments concerning the ownership of professional sports are advanced in this paper. First, sports team owners do not maintain the social and corporate linkages found among capitalists in other industries. Second, these owners participate in the sports industry because it is both profitable and secure (a) through tax incentives and (b) because it is a self-regulating monopoly. Finally, the workings of a self-regulating monopoly and the popularity of sport enhance the reproduction of capitalist social relations and ideology. Sport is seen to represent the mythical ideal of meritocracy where hard work can lead to ownership and participation in America’s games. This ideal ignores the reality that sports team ownership is based on enormous wealth, not merit.
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Medvedev, A. V. "Sports and theater, or About the theatricality of sports." Scientific and educational basics in physical culture and sports, no. 1 (September 23, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.57006/2782-3245-2021-1-1-58-62.
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Sports in modern culture is a phenomenon that performs a very diverse range of functions. Having its own nature, which differs from the nature of other cultural phenomena, sport is in a system of relations and interactions with them. The article deals with the problem of relations between sport and theater, which, of course, is a concretization of a broader topic, namely, the relationship between sport and art. Sport as a game has many common features with theater, which allows sports, especially professional sports, to build their activities using the means of theatrical art. Sport is also a spectacle that requires close contact with the audience. This side of being a sport is expressed. In particular, the fact that one of the dominant trends in the existence of sports is theatricalization. The latter circumstance leads to the need to strengthen the aesthetic and artistic training of professionals in the field of sports.
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Peer, Kimberly S. "The Changing Context of Sport and Medicine’s Social Contract with Society: Implications for Sports Medicine Ethics." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2016-0023.
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Sports medicine professionals are facing new dilemmas in light of the changing dynamics of sport as an enterprise. These changes have considerable ethical implications as sports medicine team members are placed in challenging ethical decision-making situations that often create values tensions. These values conflicts have the potential to threaten and degrade the trust established through the mutual expectations inherent in the social contract between the health care providers and society. According to Starr,1 the social contract is defined as the relationship between medicine and society that is renegotiated in response to the complexities of modern medicine and contemporary society. Anchored in expectations of both society and the medical professions, this tacit contract provides a strong compass for professional practice as it exemplifies the powerful role and examines the deep responsibilities held by health care providers in our society. Although governed by professional boards and organizational codes of ethics, sports medicine professionals are challenged by the conflicts of interest between paternalistic care for the athlete and autonomous decisions often influenced by stakeholders other than the athletes themselves. Understanding how the construct of sport has impacted sports health care will better prepare sports medicine professionals for the ethical challenges they will likely face and, more importantly, facilitate awareness and change of the critical importance of upholding the integrity of the professional social contract.
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Romanov, A. D., and V. I. Romanova. "Formation of professional competences in future specialists in sports management in a professionally oriented educational space." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(174) (February 17, 2024): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2024.2(174).36.
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The problem of training sports managers is associated with significant qualitative changes in the organizational structure of physical culture and sports, with the commercialization of various physical culture and sports organizations and the emergence of private sports schools and clubs, where managerial activity in the field of physical culture and sports acquires a managerial and marketing orientation.
The significance of the training of sports managers was analyzed, taking into account the types and functional duties; presentation of sports manager models in scientific research; conditions for the formation of professional competencies of a future specialist in sports management.
The salary and rating of sports managers depends on the mastery of the acquired education, the ability to solve managerial tasks, human qualities, leadership qualities and creativity, appearance, knowledge in the chosen sport.
The presence of professional disciplines in the content of the training of sports managers forms competences, professional knowledge, abilities and skills. Training programs consist of educational disciplines: «Introduction to sports management», «Sports mass media», «Sports events and facilities management», «Sports marketing», «Sports ethics», «Finance and accounting in sports activities», «Global sports business», «Sports law». Students complete coursework and undergo internships in sports organizations.
The content of the training of sports managers takes into account the readiness of graduates for managerial activities in state and private organizations in the field of physical culture and sports. Education based on knowledge of social, legal, technical- organizational and economic aspects.
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Bronikowska, Małgorzata, and Michał Bronikowski. "The association between the years and modes of sports training and levels of moral competence across eleven sports." Physical Education of Students 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2024.0202.
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Background and Study Aim. Research on moral competency in sports is rare, and findings are inconsistent. These findings point to moral development as a multifaceted and complex process. This process is mediated by various life situations and dilemma choices. Sport can play a crucial role in this area with its often ‘role-taking’ experience and confrontations with personal moral standards. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of competency levels and sport experience across different sports. Material and Methods. A sample of university students in sport-related faculties (N = 947) was assessed with the use of Moral Competence test (MCT). The group was divided into 11 predetermined types of sports, training modes (amateur/professional), and indicated years of training practice. Results. The general moral competency level in the overall researched sample of students was low, but similar to their peer-age reference groups found in relevant literature. The findings indicated some differences in moral competency levels between amateurs and professionals. Amateurs showed a higher competency levels in five types of sports (non-invasion games, martial arts/fighting sports, aquatic boating sports). In contrast, professionals showed a higher competency level in dance sports. The only positive, moderate correlation between years of training and moral competency level was found with professional athletes in aquatic boating sports: the longer they trained, the higher their moral competency level was. Conclusions. These results offer new insight into the impact of sports on moral development and can act as a solid foundation for further in-depth research in this area.
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Khimenes, Khrystyna, Yuriy Briskin, Maryan Pityn, Neonila Neroda, and Olha Zadorozhna. "HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND MODERN INTERPRETATION OF THE FACTORS OF THE PROFESSIONAL SPORTS DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE." Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2024-1.002.
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Background and Study Aim. Today, professional sports are a powerful social phenomenon that is developing at a high rate both in terms of sports and in terms of business. It is natural that various factors influence this process throughout the history of its formation and development. Study Aim: to identify the key factors that influenced and influence the formation and development of professional sport in Europe and North America. Material and Methods. The main materials for the research were data from historical and modern materials regarding various factors that determined and determine now the peculiarities of professional sport development in Europe and North America. Methods: analysis and synthesis, historical method, systematic approach, theoretical interpretation and explanation. Results. Given the global phenomenon of professional sport in the modern world, it should be noted that its structure and effectiveness depend from a wide range of factors, both the external environment and those related to the construction of internal mechanisms of professional sports organizations. Among them: globalization, geopolitical and economic trends, transformation of information and communication technologies, crisis social factors, sports migration, population and demographic ratios in the country, monopoly and competition in the professional sports arena in relation to the coexistence of different organizations in one sport, the focus of professional leagues on higher efficiency. Among the factors that have a negative impact on the development of professional sport today should be noted corruption aspects of professional sports activities. Conclusions. The nature of the influence of these factors is determined by the territorial affiliation of professional sport organizations, as there are certain traditions and legal frameworks of their operation in the United States and various European countries, which have significant differences. At the same time, today the North American remains a more effective model of professional sport development in terms of organizational and economic efficiency.
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Geldibaev, Movlad Khasiyevich, Salman Umarovich Dikaev, Kristina Aleksandrovna Krasnova, Nadezhda Yurievna Filatova, and Pavel Valerievich Tsvetkov. "Defining corruption and fraud in professional sport." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802008.
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The first step in systemic addressing the problem of corruption is the comprehension of its scale and nature. This paper explores the extent of fraud and corruption in professional sport. In addition to exploring the forms of legal response, one should mention the improper coverage of the issues of counteracting corruption in professional sport. Fraud and, specifically, corruption in sport is difficult to assess. Most of all-Russian and regional sports federations, physical culture and sports associations tend not to recognise the existence of corruption or fraud in particular sports, or claim that fraud and corruption are under control. Purpose of the study: to explore the extent of corruption and fraud in professional sport. We present a systematic review of literature that explores corruption and fraud, identifying the factors of corruption and fraud in professional sport. To search for relevant studies, the published literature was identified as based on Scimagojr, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Sage Open, in search of relevant studies. Results and novelty: Some sports federations recognise that corruption and fraud are detrimental to fair play and integrity of the professional sport. It is a good practice to develop guidelines for sportsmen in relation to a particular professional sport, which outlines the deeds recognised as corruption and fraud, sets the procedure for their registration, assessment and measures to mitigate and counteract such threats. We have outlined the specifics of motivation for corruption and fraud in professional sport, which differs from the ways of corruption in other segments (like health, education, public service). Professional sports are not characterised by such traditional stimuli for corruption and fraud as poor working conditions and low wages, due to the fact that professional sportsmen are highly paid and their work conditions and social guarantees are much better than those of most ordinary people.
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Верітов, О. І. "ФОРМУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЙ БАКАЛАВРІВ ІЗ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ І СПОРТУ." Теорія та методика навчання та виховання, no. 49 (2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/23128046.2020.49.03.
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Blank, S. (2009). Building a Company with Customer Data – Why Metrics Are Not Enough. Retrieved from: https://steveblank.com/category/marketing/ page/2/. Blank, S. (2017). Don‟t let process distract you from finding the strategy. Retrieved from: https://steveblank.com/category/customer-development/ page/3/. Blank, S. (2020). Rising out of the Crisis: Where to Find New Markets and Customers. Retrieved from: https://steveblank.com/category/customer-development/. Kilkist zareiestrovanykh bezrobitnykh ta kilkist vakansii u 2019 rotsi (za danymy derzhavnoi sluzhby zainiatosti). (2019). [The number of registered unemployed and the number of vacancies in 2019 (according to the state employment service)]. URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/. (in Ukrainian). Osvitno-profesiina prohrama «Fizychna kultura i sport. Trenerska diialnist z vydu sportu pershoho rivnia vyshchoi osvity za spetsialnistiu 017 Fizychna kultura i sport. (2019). [Educational and professional program "Physical Culture and Sports. Coaching activities in the sport of the first level of higher education in the specialty 017 Physical culture and sports]. Berdiansk: Berdianskyi derzhavnyi pedahohichnyi universytet. 16 p. URL: http://bdpu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/017_FKS_Sport-1.pdf. (in Ukrainian). Osvitno-profesiina prohrama «Fizychna kultura i sport» pershoho (bakalavrskoho) rivnia vyshchoi osvity. (2019). [Educational and professional program "Physical Culture and Sports" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education]. Kherson: Khersonskyi derzhavnyi universytet. 22 p. URL: http://www.kspu.edu/FileDownload.ashx/OPP% 20017%20FIZYChNA%20KULJTURA%20I%20SPORT%20 BAKALAVR%20(1).pdf?id=8e8ede49-e4aa-4104-956d-7538f5830f66. (in Ukrainian). Osvitno-profesiina prohrama «Fizychna kultura i sport» pershoho (bakalavrskoho) rivnia vyshchoi osvity. (2019). [Educational and professional program "Physical Culture and Sports" of the first (bachelor's) level of higher education]. Ternopil: Ternopilskyi natsionalnyi pedahohichnyi universytet imeni Volodymyra Hnatiuka. 19 p. URL: http://tnpu.edu.ua/about/public_inform/akredytatsiia%20 ta%20litsenzuvannia/osvitni_prohramy/bakalavr/fizvyh/017_Fizychna_kultura_i_sport_bak alavr_2019.pdf. (in Ukrainian). Osvitno-profesiina prohrama «Trenerska diialnist v obranomu vydi sportu» pershoho rivnia vyshchoi osvity za spetsialnistiu 017 Fizychna kultura i sport. (2017). [Educational and professional program "Coaching in the chosen sport" of the first level of higher education in the specialty 017 Physical Culture and Sports]. Kharkiv: Kharkivska derzhavna akademiia fizychnoi kultury. 12 p. URL: https://khdafk.kh.ua/wp-content/uploads/ 2019/04/017- Fizychna-kuljtura-i-sport-1.pdf. (in Ukrainian). Osvitno-profesiina prohrama pidhotovky bakalavra pershoho rivnia vyshchoi osvity za spetsialnistiu 017 Fizychna kultura i sport. (2017). [Educational and professional bachelor's program of the first level of higher education in the specialty 017 Physical culture and sports]. Mykolaiv: Mykolaivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni V. O. Sukhomlynskoho. 14 p. URL: http://sport.mdu.edu.ua/fks/wp-content/uploads/2017/OPP_017_FKiS.pdf. (in Ukrainian). Potapiuk, I. P. (2011). Osoblyvosti zastosuvannia kompleksu marketynhu na pidpryiemstvakh sfery fizychnoi kultury i sportu. [Features of application of a marketing complex at the enterprises of sphere of physical culture and sports]. Ekonomichnyj chasopys-XXI – Economic JournalXXI. № 11-12. URL: http://soskin.info/ea/2011/11-12/201122.html. (in Ukrainian). Razumovskyi, S. O. (2013). Marketynh fizychnoi kultury yak element sotsialnoi sfery suspilstva (sotsialno-filosofskyi analiz). [Marketing of physical culture as an element of the social sphere of society (socio-philosophical analysis)]. Slobozhanskyi naukovo-sportyvnyi visnyk – Slobozhansky scientific and sports bulletin. № 2. P. 199-203. (in Ukrainian). Samodai, V. (2013). Aktualni pytannia shchodo vprovadzhennia marketynhu u sferu fizychnoi kultury i sportu. [Current issues regarding the introduction of marketing in the field of physical culture and sports]. Moloda sportyvna nauka Ukrainy – Young sports science of Ukraine. T. 4. P. 158-165. (in Ukrainian). Standart vyshchoi osvity Ukrainy. Stupin vyshchoi osvity bakalavr. Haluz znan 01 osvita/pedahohika. Specialnist 017 Fizychna kultura i sport. (2019). [Standard of higher education in Ukraine. Bachelor's degree. Field of knowledge 01 education / pedagogy. Specialty 017 Physical culture and sports]. Kyiv: Ministerstvo osvity i nauky Ukrainy. 12 p. URL: https://mon.gov.ua/storage/app/media/vishcha-osvita/zatverdzeni%20standarty/2019/ 04/25/017-fizichna-kultura-i-sport-bakalavr.pdf. (in Ukrainian). Tanklevska, N. S. & Vybranskyi, V. V. (2019). Osnovy marketynhu v sportyvnii sferi. [Fundamentals of marketing in sports]. Socialno-ekonomichni problemy suchasnoho periodu Ukrainy – Socio-economic problems of the modern period of Ukraine. Vypusk 6 (140). P. 20-25. (in Ukrainian). Tyshchenko, T. B. (2010). Osoblyvosti formuvannia hotovnosti maibutnikh fakhivtsiv fizychnoho vykhovannia ta sportu do marketynhovoi diialnosti. [Features of formation of readiness of future specialists of physical education and sports for marketing activity]. Naukovyi chasopys [Natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni M. P. Drahomanova]. Seriia 15: Naukovo-pedahohichni problemy fizychnoi kultury (fizychna kultura i sport): zb. nauk. pr. – Scientific journal [National Pedagogical University named after MP Drahomanov]. Series 15: Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports). № 3. P. 307-310. (in Ukrainian).
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Tkalych, Maksym. "Legal statement of professional sports clubs and professional sport leagues: problem aspects." Herald of Zaporizhzhia National University. Jurisprudence, no. 3 (2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2616-9444-2018-3-03.
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Willie, Paul A. "Revenue management for Canadian professional sports organizations." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-04-2017-0021.
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Purpose This paper aims to recommend opportunities for professional sport leagues in the USA and Canada to apply the art and science of revenue management in order to minimize potential losses and maximize profits. Design/methodology/approach The evolution of current key revenue management concepts is presented from their initial stages to their current level of implementation. In addition, the literature regarding the strongest business models is reviewed and examined in the context of current successes and challenges across the major sport leagues in North America. Findings Five revenue streams in sports organizations are identified and analysed. Five key elements for revenues are highlighted as strategic tools used to maximize effectiveness in achieving revenue management goals. A series of recommendations is made to best use revenue management including careful negotiation of television contracts, the use of dynamic pricing models, maximization of partnerships and sponsorships, acceptance of new approaches to food and beverage and accessibility of sport merchandise to customers. Practical implications At the regional, national and international levels, sports organizations should review their current business practices to identify areas to improve their revenue management in light of the recommendations in this paper. Originality/value Although the use of the concept of revenue management in sectors of tourism has evolved since early 1970s, its application in professional sports is relatively new. Therefore, this paper provides value to professional sports organizations to optimize their profitability.
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Takhavieva, F. V. "Injuries and diseases in top professional watersports athletes." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-234.
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On the eve of the World Swimming Championship in 2015, which will be held in Russia, a review of literature analyzing injuries and diseases in top professional watersports athletes that may be acquired at competitions is presented. Modern professional sport is characterized by an intense training process, is highly competitive on the international level. Setting each new sports record becomes more and more complex. Top professional sport is associated with risk of injury, and the proper organization of biomedical support of training and competitive process is the key to reducing the incidence of injuries in sports. Literature review allowed making the following conclusions. Firstly, insufficient attention was paid to the registration of injuries in specific sports and their classification if occurred not only during competitions, but also during the training period. Secondly, during competitions the number of injuries increases in all watersports except synchronized swimming. Thirdly, the most traumatic sport is water polo, where most injuries occur during competitive activities. Fourthly, Watersports World Championships are associated with increased risk for diseases, although already implemented preventive measures reduced the incidence of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Fifthly, there is a need for further thorough study of the injuries and diseases frequencies to create preventive and rehabilitation measures in athletes involved in water sports. Thus, injuries and diseases are a significant risk for the health of athletes involved in water sports. All medical professionals involved in providing medical aid at the sporting competitions should know the specific features of injuries and diseases common for the certain sporting competitions, and develop the preventive measures.
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Kvasnytsya, Iryna. "Analysis of Experience in Professional Training of Future Specialists in Physical Culture and Sport in Higher Eductional Establishments of Norway and Sweden." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2019-0020.
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AbstractThe article analyzes experience of professional training of future specialists in physical culture and sports in higher educational establishments of Norway and Sweden. Research papers dealing with practice of realization of professional training of specialists in physical culture and sports abroad have been analyzed. Topicality of the research of professional training of future sports coaches in Scandinavian higher educational establishments has been proven. The fact that Scandinavian countries actively promote sports, advantages of physical culture, healthy lifestyle, health improving motor activity, and quality training of staff have been taken into account. The aim of the article is to define basics of the system of professional training of future specialists in physical culture and sport, namely sports coaches, in leading higher educational establishments of Norway and Sweden. The objectives of the research lie in the analysis of present-day state of physical-culture and sports education in Norway and Sweden; qualification trends and organizational peculiarities of professional training of specialists in the sphere of physical culture and sports in higher educational establishments of the aforementioned countries. Curricula of training program bachelors and masters of sports profile in Norway and Sweden have been characterized in the article. Peculiarities of educational programs of professional training of sports coaches in leading physical education and sport higher educational establishments of these countries have been defined. Curricula programs of Norwegian University for Sport and Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences have been presented. It has been revealed that the systems of higher sport education in Norway and Sweden are characterized with educational trajectory of specialists training being expressed in succession of stages of education that a student has to complete in order to acquire knowledge, skills, competences, and has a tendency to profile specialization. Analysis of differences and application of leading experience of professional training of future coaches in Norway and Sweden will have positive impact on the improvement of national system of higher sports education and will promote improvement of efficiency of future specialists’ education in the sphere of physical culture and sport/
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Olkhovskiy, Roman M. "Sport as a sphere of constructing young people’s life strategies in Russian society." Physical Education and University Sport 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2022-1-1-11-20.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of sport as a sphere of constructing the youth’s life strategies. The following interrelated issues are considered: the function of sport in modern society; the role of sport in socialization and integration of young people; general trends in the development of sports in Russia; conditions for the construction of young people’s life strategies in Russian sport. The researcher has defined the stages of life strategies typical of all the athletes: at the beginning of sports activities, interest and value perception of sports is developed; in the training period there is an increase in the number of competitions and intensification of the training process; in the professional period, the sports career is flourishing; in the post-professional period, the sports career ends with a professional reorientation.
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Petruk, I., and J. Snizhko. "Psychophysical aspects of returning to active sports activities." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(168) (August 23, 2023): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.8(168).25.
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This review of literature encompasses the author`s research on the psychophysical aspects involved in athletes return to sports after injuries. The study emphasizes the consideration of both physical and psychological readiness as crucial aspects of resuming sports activities.
The primary objective of this research was to develop and establish scientifically grounded criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of returning to active sports, aligning with athletes` psychophysical indicators. To achieve this goal, the researchers employed various methods, including an analysis and synthesis of information from scientific and methodological literature, expert evaluations of the author`s practical experiences in professional sports, questionnaires and observations.
Throughout the research process, it became evident that adopting a multidisciplinary team approach and accounting for psychological and physical factors are vital for facilitating an effective return to sport. The obtained results hold practical significance, primarily in the development of strategies aimed at mitigating the risks of sports injuries and their subsequent consequences in professional sports. By implementing the findings of this study, practical guidelines can be established to minimize injury occurrences and enhance the overall well-being and performance of athletes.
In conclusions, this literature review and research contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychophysical aspects involved in athletes`return to active sports activities. By acknowledging the significance of both of physical and psychological readiness, professionals can develop targeted interventions and strategies to facilitate a successful return to sport while reducing the potential negative impacts of injuries in the realm of professional sports.
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Davidson, Nicholas P., James Du, and Michael D. Giardina. "Through the Perilous Fight: A Case Analysis of Professional Wrestling During the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Sport Communication 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2020-0224.
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The rapidly escalating COVID-19 pandemic has forced the sport industry into unchartered territory. Beginning on March 11, 2020, when the National Basketball Association suspended its season, the American sports landscape has consequently encountered an unprecedented number of temporary suspensions, postponements, and cancellations. Although most major leagues and their pertaining sports have halted to a sudden stop, professional wrestling has surprisingly continued on, including World Wrestling Entertainment’s WrestleMania 36, which was held without fans in attendance. The maintenance of professional wrestling during the COVID-19 crisis has presented a unique situation, in which fans and companies involved in the sport have rallied on social media platforms behind the sport’s relative normality in a time of global uncertainty. Leveraging publicly trackable Twitter data, we analyzed public sentiments toward two of the largest companies (e.g., World Wrestling Entertainment and All Elite Wrestling) in the professional wrestling industry and related trends during the widespread onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. The results represent exploratory insights surrounding the continuation of professional wrestling during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Zhang, Lei. "Application of New Materials in the Field of Sports Apparel." Advanced Materials Research 978 (June 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.978.31.
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As a sports apparel clothing categories overall, in the broadest sense can be divided into professional sports apparel, sports everyday wear and sports accessories three categories. Professional sports apparel mainly athletes to participate in various sports competitions at the time of wearing apparel, the sport has its own characteristics, in order to adapt to the development of sports, professional sports apparel in the production process, new technologies, new processes, new fabrics should continue to appear, in order to make professional sportswear meet the requirements. Casual sports tend to be fashionable, but it retains the unique features part of sportswear. Sports accessories mainly involved in a number of areas of protective equipment and the use of equipment. The new thermal wicking fabrics, including fabrics, super-elastic fabric, waterproof and breathable fabrics, three-dimensional fabric composites, carbon fiber materials. These new materials for professional sports clothing, casual sportswear and sports equipment and sports goggles have a positive and practical impact. This paper studies the application of new fabrics in professional sports apparel, casual sportswear and sports protective appliances.
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Black, Sarah, Kevin Black, Aman Dhawan, Cayce Onks, Peter Seidenberg, and Matthew Silvis. "Pediatric Sports Specialization in Elite Ice Hockey Players." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118800446.
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Background: Pediatric sports specialization, defined as intense year-round training in a single sport as a result of excluding other sports for more than 8 months per year, is common in the United States. There are demonstrated physical and social risks to early pediatric sports specialization (defined as before age 12 years). While thought to be needed to acquire appropriate experience and excel in a given sport, there remains little information on when athletes at the highest levels of their sport specialized. This study aimed to define when professional and collegiate ice hockey players specialized. Hypothesis: Early sports specialization before age 12 years will not be common among elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Male professional and collegiate ice hockey players within 1 National Hockey League organization and 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) organizations who were 18 years of age or older completed a survey at training camp detailing their history of sports participation and specialization. Results: A total of 91 athletes participated in the study (mean age, 22.8 years; range, 18-39 years). The mean age at the start of any sports participation was 4.5 years, and the mean age of sports specialization was 14.3 years. The mean age of specialization in the professional group, the NCAA Division I group, and the NCAA Division III group was 14.1, 14.5, and 14.6 years, respectively. Conclusion: Early pediatric sports specialization is not common in elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Clinical Relevance: Early pediatric sports specialization before age 12 years is not necessary for athletic success in professional and collegiate ice hockey. This study provides further evidence supporting the recommendations of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine against early sports specialization.
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ZAITSEVA, Yu, I. TARANENKO, and O. KORNOSENKO. "INTEGRATION OF EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PROCESS BY FUTURE TEACHERS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION." Pedagogical Sciences, no. 75-76 (December 12, 2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2524-2474.2020.75-76.226369.
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How the pedagogical condition influences the effectiveness of the professional training of students of the faculty of physical education was found out.Formation of pedagogical skills of future teachers of Physical Education occurs more effectively only in the course of practical application of theoretical knowledge by students in the conditions of pedagogical activity. It depends on the implementation of the activity approach; on the purposeful involvement of the work in the active activities of the organization of physical culture and sports work; on the using of heuristic teaching methods in lessons, active and interactive learning forms and methods, that suggesting: mutual learning, method of specific situations, brainstorming, master class, professional days, video lectures, solving problem situations and pedagogical tasks and other.It was proved that when future teachers of Physical Education were involved in organizing various forms of physical culture and sports work in their spare time from higher education, it was appropriated. As the faculty is connected with a secondary schools and other physical culture and sports institutions, students were involved in professional activity in real conditions with pupils. Physical education and sports professionals (teachers, teachers of Physical Education, coaches, sport judges, etc.) managed the process.
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Gardner, Frank L. "Applied sport psychology in professional sports: The team psychologist." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 32, no. 1 (February 2001): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.32.1.34.
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Umiastowska, Danuta, and Urszula Domańska. "Contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from beginning specialist training too early." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 29, no. 86 (June 30, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1274.
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Introduction. Professional sport aims at the highest feat forcing players to achieve such a form guaranteeing victory. The career of a young athlete and focus on strict sports specialisation starts very early. The threat to professional sport comes from technological progress and the lack of natural, general forms of activities in the early school period, and resulting in movement pattern disorders and compensations resulting from them. Aim. Presentation of contemporary threats to professional sport resulting from the early implementation of sport specialisation. Research materials and methods. The research material is a group of 60 girls and 60 boys (15-19 y.o.) attending sports schools in the West Pomeranian voivodeship. The research was carried out in the period from 2015-2019 by means of questionnaire implementation. Results. The respondents declared lack of movement and general development activities in the early school period. Very early direction towards a particularly chosen sport caused a number of dysfunctions of the movement apparatus and influenced the occurrence of injuries and breaks in sports training. Moreover, it caused early termination of sports career among 70% of players. The exceptions were swimmers and water rescue participants. Conclusions. 1. Among the examined girls and boys, there was a regression in the continuation of sports career by young people attending sports schools. 2. The reason for the early completion of sports training may be the lack of movement and general development training in the early school period, and sports specialisation began far too early.
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Scelles, Nicolas, Boris Helleu, Christophe Durand, and Liliane Bonnal. "Professional Sports Firm Values." Journal of Sports Economics 17, no. 7 (August 3, 2016): 688–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002514538976.
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Rzayev, O. "Issues on Professional Sports." Bulletin of Science and Practice 9, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/97/56.
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The article states that in our republic there is still no single, standard system of social guarantees and social protection of former sports workers. It has been known that many diseases discovered in professional physical education and sports workers after retirement from professional sports were laid at a younger age. During professional training in various sports, the risk of injury increases and accidents are more likely to occur in those places. Therefore, it is appropriate to mention labor protection issues in the relevant labor legislation. Maternal and child health issues require special attention in occupational medicine, as well as the participation of more women and young people in elite sports issues of maternal and child health. In connection with the above, it is advisable to contact the MMST for the joint development of a draft industry standard for occupational health and safety in professional sports activities.
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R., Martha C. Sandino, Esnel González H., and Heriberto González Valencia. "Comparative Work Insertion of Professionals in Sports 2008 Vs. 2012." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 6 (May 10, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n6p1.
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This article shows a comparative analysis of the labor insertion of the program named ¨Professionals in Sport and Physical Activity¨ 2008 and the program with a new name ¨Professional in Sports¨ 2012, in order to know the significant differences about their first job, type of contract and the relationship of their job with the career they studied. Frequency distribution tables and the statistical software EPIDAT 3.1 were used in both groups. It was concluded that graduated students work by contract to provide services and that their jobs are directly related to their professional training.
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Nkrumah, Abena Adasa, Daniel Apaak, and Stephen Kyenkyehene Addae. "Professional Experiences, Leadership Growth, and Progression Approaches Adopted by Women Working Within Professional Sports Organisations in Ghanaanisations in Ghana." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 3, no. 130 (November 29, 2023): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v3i130.1416.
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The study explored experiences, leadership growth, and progression approaches adopted by women working within higher professional sports leadership organisations in Ghana. An interpretive research paradigm was adopted. The data was collected using interview guides and analysed with the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The study revealed interest in a particular sport propelled women in sports leadership positions to select sports-related careers and accumulate the best knowledge and experience that placed them in such advantageous positions to make meaningful contributions to sports in Ghana. The study established that women with clear-cut career advancement pathways have it easy when it comes to assuming leadership positions. It was recommended that qualitative and quantitative examinations be made to understand the differences in the experiences of males in similar sporting positions. Keywords: leadership, progression, approach, professional sports, leadership.
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Yermilova, Anna. "Professional Age: On the Issue of Sociological Conceptualization (On the Example of Professional Athletes)." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (December 2021): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.2.19.
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The article presents a sociological conceptualization of the category "professional age" in relation to the field of professional sports. Based on the interpretation of the terms "age" and "professional athlete", the author's vision of the category "professional age" is proposed. The interpretation of the concept of "professional age" is carried out through the prism of chronological, biological, social, and psychological ages, as a result of which the specifics of professional age are determined on the example of professional athletes. The specific features of integration of athletes into the professional environment, which is associated with the specific functioning of this sphere of activity that affects the process of formation of their professional age, are shown. In turn, the professional age of athletes is determined, firstly, by the earlier entry of the individual into the professional sports environment and, consequently, by a faster entry into professional age; secondly, a shorter work experience depending on the sport compared to other areas of work and, accordingly, a faster completion of professional age. Factors leading to the formation of perceptions of professional age are established: discrepancy between the chronological and social functioning of the individual; effects of biological ageing on the course of professional age; effect of psychological aging on the duration of professional age. The characteristics of the professional age of athletes that have a changeable nature of existence are revealed: heterochronicity, variability, normativity, multidimensionality, linearity and cyclicality. The professional age of athletes is analyzed as a multivariate social phenomenon, in particular, the significance of biographical, ideological, social-stratificational, ethnological, historical, aesthetic research aspects is revealed. The socio-cultural features of the professional age of the representatives of elite sport are for egrounded, firstly, the construction of the sports self-awareness of the individual / community, which is specific depending on the kind of sport; secondly, the construction of a sports subculture based on a constant stressful situation. On the basis of theoretical developments, the author's conceptualization of the professional age of athletes is proposed.
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Gemar, Adam. "Which sports do you like? Testing intra-domain omnivorousness in Canadian following of professional sport." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 7 (January 8, 2018): 813–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690217749243.
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The theory of the cultural omnivore has been applied to many cultural domains. However, given the pervasiveness of professional sport in contemporary societies, less is known about omnivorous behaviour when it comes to consuming this cultural form. This study sets out to find if indeed there is an omnivorous consumption profile for professional sport. Using a latent class and regression analysis of survey data on five major professional sports leagues from Canada, this paper seeks to determine if this professional sport omnivore exists, how prevalent it might be, and if it maps onto wider socio-economic differentiations. The latent class analysis does show that there is an omnivorous consumption profile. However, it is the second smallest professional sport profile and does not map onto wider socio-economic differentiations, even as other patterns of professional sports’ consumption do display such distinctions.
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Jamil Efendiyev, Jamil Efendiyev, Bilal Asadov Bilal Asadov, and Nasimi Vahabov Nasimi Vahabov. "THE USE OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 22, no. 01 (February 21, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc22012023-19.
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This article briefly discusses the specifics of the use of psychiatric medications in the treatment of athletes and complications caused by the abuse of substances banned for use in professional sports. The article covers various groups of substances and methods prohibited for use in professional sports. Their use can cause athletes to be banned from professional sports for several years and lose their awards. The use of banned substances such as anabolic steroids, stimulants and drugs not only goes against the idea of clean sport and fairness, but also harms the health of athletes. The abuse of these substances has many negative effects on both physical and mental health. The research in this area confirms the high risk of psychiatric pathology associated with the use of anabolic steroids. Unfortunately, the use of anabolic steroids is no longer limited to athletes but is now reaching a wide range of the population, especially young people. And that's a really serious problem, given what I said earlier. Therefore, I think it is necessary to inform not only athletes, but also doctors about this problem. Because, once again, both high-achieving professional athletes and young people who do sports as amateurs may be among your patients. And knowing all these aspects, which I mentioned earlier, our goal is to protect them. Keywords: professional sport, doping, prohibited substances and methods, dependence.
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Khimenes, Khrystyna, and Oleksandr Edeliev. "Globalization of the social practice of professional sports in the current conditions of development." Sports games 3(25), no. 3(25) (June 1, 2022): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15391/si.2022-1.13.
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. Introduction. Today, the globalization of various spheres of human functioning (economy, politics, etc.) is one of the society trends. Sport as a social practice is also intensively globalized, and this is most clearly seen in the example of professional sport. In this area, today the laws of development (commercial, sports, etc.) are spreading to Olympic and non-Olympic sports, and more globally – the level of professional sport affects the economic development of entire countries and, in many respects – the formation of society. Purpose: to characterize the specifics of globalization of social practice «professional sport» in modern conditions of development. Material and methods. The study was based on the processing of modern scientific articles on the development of professional sport in its various aspects, as well as popular science sources of information and materials on the official websites of leading professional sport organizations. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, historical method, system approach, comparison. Results. Today, the globalization of professional sport is taking place in the following areas: expanding cooperation with media corporations and sponsors; internationalization and commercialization (increase in the number of organizations that oversee various sports and, accordingly, the number of profitable competitions); maximum use of Internet technologies for the promotion of sport products and the development of e-sports within professional sport leagues; increase match attendance by ensuring effective marketing policies; expanding cooperation with the authorities at the state and local levels on mutually beneficial terms; bringing championships beyond national borders (typical of the North American model of professional sport, as for the European throughout the history of its development the emphasis has been and remains on the leading importance of international competitions), etc. Conclusions. Today, due to the processes of society globalization, which actively influence the field of professional sport, this social practice undergoes internal globalization, which can be traced both in purely sport (expanding the calendar of competitions, going beyond national championships, etc.) and commercial areas (expanding cooperation with sponsors, media companies, etc.), technological (introduction of modern technologies, launching a series of cyber competitions, etc.) political (expanding cooperation with state and local authorities), and etc. directions.
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Durand, Christophe, and Loïc Ravenel. "Structures urbaines et sports professionnels dans le Sud-Ouest." Sud-Ouest européen 13, no. 1 (2002): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.2002.2781.
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Urban structures and professional sports in the south west of France. On the French scale the location of professional sports clubs corresponds to the urban hierarchy : larger towns increase the number and the quality of their teams, whereas smaller towns must rather commit themselves to a strategy of single activities. On the whole the South West of France is inscribed in this general hierarchical schemes, but offers something special linked up to he presence of a sport with a strong regional vocation : rubgy. This sport allows many small towns to filter into sporting elites. Yet the recent changes in professional sports and those to come might soon cause the original regional structure to disappear.
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Staurowsky, Ellen J., and Jessica DiManno. "Young Women Talking Sports and Careers: A Glimpse at the Next Generation of Women in Sport Media." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.1.127.
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As the American public is confronted with a more established female sport presence at all levels, the potential for girls to consider a career in sport media has expanded exponentially. Girls growing up in the age of ‘GRRL Power’ envision themselves as professional basketball players, world champion soccer stars, women who run like the wind, and as sports broadcasters. However, the dawn of a new age has also brought with it increasing complexity with regard to the issues aspiring young women seeking careers in sport media encounter. The overall purpose of this study was to extend the frame of our understanding about gender, sport, and the media by documenting the experiences, concerns, and attitudes of undergraduate females who hope to pursue careers as sports journalists, sports broadcasters, and sport media professionals. Based on interviews with ten undergraduate women, the next generation of women in sport media are more than prepared to take on with confidence, assertiveness, and a great deal of solid professional training the challenges that await them. However, even as undergraduates, these women have had to deal with, and make sense, of sexual objectification and sexism in the workplace. The article concludes with recommendations for how to support young women in their quest to pursue careers in sport media.
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Shuvarin, Aleksey, and Vadim Kharin. "Life after sports: legal aspects of social guarantees of ex-athletes." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 14 (2020): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2020-4-14-187-196.
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Sport is a very important component of our life. Many people play sports as a hobby, on an amateur level. However, for some people, sport is a part of their life, and they are engaged in sports activities at a professional level. The work shows the positive and negative sides of sports as a profession. In particular, after leaving the “high-performance sport”, outstanding and famous athletes become coaches, businessmen, political, public figures, etc. However, a completely different plot of life awaits people who receive injuries that are incompatible with further engaging in professional sports at the height of their career. If they do not achieve permanent excellent results, and do not reach the “Olympus of glory”, they become useless to anyone. To alleviate these consequences of athletes who are forced to end their professional careers due to injury, European countries have certain social support programs that help athletes cope with crises. At the same time, evaluating our legislation, we can note that at the moment in the Russian Federation there is no well-established system of social support programs for professional athletes who are forced to leave the “high-performance sport”.
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Smokvina, Vanja, and Patricia Ribarić Smokvina. "PROFESIONALNI SPORT U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ ZA VRIJEME COVID-19 KRIZE: FROM A THREAT TO AN OPPORTUNITY FOR A BETTER STATUS OF PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES." Pravni vjesnik 37, no. 2 (July 2021): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/12899.
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The paper aims at analysing Croatian professional sport and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on it. Football was taken as a model for other team sports because of the share of professional sports clubs in the Republic of Croatia in football. In addition, the legal framework set in football may apply to other sports for successfully developing a similar pattern. The analyses are conducted into the revenues (sponsorships, ticketing and TV rights), and expenses (expenses on behalf of players remuneration) of the football clubs in the First Croatian Football League, providing an overview of the professional status of sports clubs, athletes and coaches. It also encompasses an analysis into measures taken by the Government of the Republic of Croatia to support Croatian sport during the COVID-19 crisis. The COVID-19 crisis has been taken as a possible starting position for better regulation of sports in future, especially as regards the professional sports in the Republic of Croatia contributing significantly to the promotion of the Republic of Croatia worldwide.
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Breitbach, Anthony Paul, and Gert Ulrich. "Job satisfaction in sport science and sports medicine, an international cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 9, no. 2 (April 2023): e001542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001542.
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Background/AimJob satisfaction (JS) and professional burnout among health professionals have been shown to affect several factors: healthcare quality, patient safety, patient satisfaction, turnover/reduction of work effort, healthcare costs and other personal consequences. In general, factors that impact JS for health professionals include professional autonomy, workplace conditions, rewards/recognition, compensation and work–life balance. However, less is known about JS of professions working in sport science and sports medicine (SSSM) especially from an international perspective. This paper addresses JS among SSSM professionals in an international context.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, the Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) in SSSM survey, an online survey which included the Warr-Cook-Wall JS questionnaire for international respondents working in fields associated with SSSM, was distributed globally to persons working in SSSM. Data from 320 respondents with complete data sets from USA (n=83), Canada (n=179) and Europe (n=58) were collected.ResultsHigh values were detected in the overall JS of the total sample with some differences in variables relevant for JS internationally and a relationship between positive perceptions of IPC and overall JS. The most important determinant for overall JS in professionals working in SSSM is the opportunity to use abilities.ConclusionJS has an important influence on the work and services provided by SSSM professionals and experience with IPC can have a positive effect on JS which, in turn, can improve quality of life for clients, patients and professionals. Employers should regard most impactful determinants of overall JS when designing working conditions for their employees.
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Gillett, Alex G., and Kevin D. Tennent. "Shadow hybridity and the institutional logic of professional sport." Journal of Management History 24, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 228–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-11-2017-0060.
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Purpose Existing studies of the finance of English Association Football (soccer) have tended to focus on the sport’s early years, or on the post-1992 Premiership era. The authors examine a case from the turbulent 1980s charting the struggle for economic survival of one club in a rapidly changing financial, economic, political and demographic landscape. The purpose of this paper is to examine not only the financial management of a football club during this time, but also the interventionist role of the local authority during this turbulent period. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate the financial difficulties of a sport business, Middlesbrough Football and Athletic Company Limited, examining the broader economic context, drawing on unseen archival sources dating from the 1980s to analyze the relationship between club, local and national government and the regional economy. Findings They not only examine the financial management of the football club but also analyse the interventionist role of the local authority in supporting the club which had symbolic value for the local community. Practical implications This paper is relevant to policymakers interested in the provision of local sports facilities and the links between elite sport and participation. Originality/value The authors show that professional sports clubs are driven by a different institutional logic to state organizations and the findings enable them to define these differences, thereby refining Thornton et al.’s (2012) typology of institutional orders. Furthermore, the case study highlights practices involving informal partnership between state and sport that the authors label as shadow hybridity.
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Ababei, Radu. "Study regarding the motivational differences of professional athletes." Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XV Physical Education and Sport Management 1 (June 25, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/efms.2020.1.02.
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The subject of motivation in sports is a widely debated one in the professional literature, either by psychologists or by coaches, most of the times stopping at the identification of the main markers that favor or hurt top performance.The purpose variable in relation to the nature and aim of the sport, and to the motivation, where the results were almost identical. This study provides information regarding the reaching of motivational goals by individual and team sports athletes, by highlighting the components that will allow the athletes to face the negative psychological states successfully and to be able to express their peak performance ability.For this study, a group of 86 male athletes were selected, aged 18-25, divided into two groups, one for individual sports and one for team sports. The hypothesis was that there are not any significant differences between the individual and team sports athletes in regards to motivation.
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Peltekova, Iren, Yerlan Seisenbekov, Taiyrzham Iskakov, Rysgul Kokebayeva, and Karim Baigutov. "Problems and opportunities related to the professional development of teachers of physical education and sport in the university." SHS Web of Conferences 176 (2023): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317604012.
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Professional development can be achieved independently by reading books, scientific journals and other literature. But professional development with participation in international trainings, courses and seminars, the authors consider as the most valuable. This report reviews the problems and opportunities for professional development of physical education and sports professionals internationally. The aim is to present the opportunities for increasing the qualification of the sports pedagogical and academic staff, through participation in a qualification course with a foreign lecturer. Methods: Theoretical analysis of a course conducted to increase the qualification of the pedagogical staff. Results: The conducted international course was successful for the participating course participants from the Republic of Kazakhstan and for the Bulgarian lecturer. Similarities were found on the methodological side of the sports training of school teams and. Differences related to the management of the organization for participation in the competition process were found. Conclusion: Physical education and sports teachers work in isolation compared to teachers from other faculties. For them, international programs are unavailable or very limited. Legislation and university regulations need to find a way to work together more effectively to support university teachers who train physical education and sport teachers.
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Sage, George H. "Patriotic Images and Capitalist Profit: Contradictions of Professional Team Sports Licensed Merchandise." Sociology of Sport Journal 13, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.13.1.1.
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The professional team sports industry has consistently worked at constructing a symbiotic relationship in the collective American mind linking professional team sports with United States patriotism. Professional team sports organizations use a variety of advertising images, rituals, and ceremonies to reinforce this association. One means by which the organizations perpetuate this association is through league logos, all of which use only the colors red, white, and blue—the precise color combination found on the flag of the United States. League logos are prominently displayed on all their licensed merchandise, merchandise that generates about $10 billion in annual revenue for professional team sports. This paper focuses on the contradiction or paradox that exists between the imagery of All-American patriotism professional team sports construct and the fact that much of their licensed merchandise is manufactured in foreign countries by exploited labor. The analysis centers on meaning-production by deconstructing and critiquing the managed image of professional team sport organizations.
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Aleshicheva, A. V. "PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES INVOLVED IN EXTREME SPORTS." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-3-38-44.
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The subject of the present study was to investigate the psychological health of professional athletes engaged in extreme sports. The research objective was to determine the effect of extreme sports on the psychological health of professional athletes. The study involved 168 professional athletes who deal with auto racing, judo, karate, rock climbing, melee fighting and boxing. Among them 2 groups were formed: the study group (n = 80), which included professionals, and the control group (n = 87), consisting of athletes who have II or III sports categories. Diagnosis of the mental health and changes in the psyche of the athletes was performed 2 – 3 days before the competition. Quantitative data were processed by methods of mathematical statistics. The study group, in contrast to the control group, showed an increase in the degree of manifestation of personal qualities that are treated as negative. These qualities include: anxiety, frustration, depression, stiffness. It was discovered that the intensity and duration of physical and mental stress cause the emergence of increased somatic symptoms in professional athletes (feeling of pain in the joints, stomach, heart and other organs). Extreme conditions of sports activity lead to mental exhaustion, increase sensitivity to the crisis, cause growth of occupational stress and reduce the quality of life. The author diagnosed exacerbation of somatic symptoms, an increase in the subjective level of morbidity, increase in the degree of manifestation of social disfunction and deterioration of the social and psychological health of professional athletes. The primary factors negatively affecting the psyche of athletes can be postulated as professionalisation and commercialization of sport, which entail the growth of extreme loads, excessive physical and mental stress and a significant deterioration in social and psychological health of professional athletes.
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Leonard, Wilbert M. "The Odds of Transiting from One Level of Sports Participation to Another." Sociology of Sport Journal 13, no. 3 (September 1996): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.13.3.288.
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The present study contributes to, updates, and extends the literature on sport and social mobility by reconceptualizing and reoperationalizing the odds of attaining college and professional athlete status. Using 1990 U.S. census data and team rosters, rates for achieving college and professional sports “careers” were computed for men and women of color in the most popular U.S. sports. A methodological contribution of this research is that the norming variables employed in the statistical calculations were refined, that is, they were age, race/ethnicity, sport, and sex specific. This inquiry contains the most systematic, extensive, and refined measures for assessing the likelihood of achieving the ultimate in sport upward social mobility—major league professional athlete status. A discussion of why the odds of obtaining professional athlete status vary is explored along with some of the conceptual and operational issues created by the concept Hispanic.
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Atkinson, Michael. "Fifty Million Viewers Can’t Be Wrong: Professional Wrestling, Sports-Entertainment, and Mimesis." Sociology of Sport Journal 19, no. 1 (March 2002): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.19.1.47.
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While largely discounted as a genuine sport by most, professional wrestling has evolved from a minor source of “entertainment” to a culturally powerful multi-media complex. Attracting audiences in abundance of fifty million viewers on a weekly basis, professional wrestling has become the number one rated “sports-entertainment” program on television. In doing so, professional wrestling broadcasts challenge long-standing cultural constructions of sport in North America, while hyperbolising and unapologetically exploiting that which is highly entertaining about professional sports contests. Specifically, professional wrestling's mandate is to excite audiences via contrived and hyper-violent athletic competition. Drawing on Elias' (1978, 1983, 1994, 1996) and other process-sociologists' (Dunning, 1999; Maguire, 1999; Sheard, 1999) understanding of mimesis, it is argued here that professional wrestling derives the bulk of its cultural appeal from the ways in which the staged violence is presented as both “sporting” and “exciting” to audiences.
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Anarkulov, Kh, N. Matazimov, and Zh Abdullaeva. "Sport Referees Professional Activities on the Kuresh Kyrgyz National Sports Wrestling." Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/75/36.
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Research relevance: Analysis of professional activities of sports referees in the Kyrgyz national wrestling kuresh is relevant due to the fact that theory of referees activity is a purposefully organized activity according to established provisions and rules with the aim of objectively assessing technical and tactical actions in direct confrontation in competitive conditions. Research objectives: Determination of basic concepts and directions in the professional activities of sports referees in the Kyrgyz national wrestling kuresh. Research materials and methods: Analysis of a person’s professional activity, definition including refereeing of rules and some circumstances in the national sports wrestling kuresh was carried out. Research results: Effectiveness in implementation of pedagogical substantiation of constructed tactics in professional activity of referees is mainly determined by the rules of organizations and the behavior of sports referees. Conclusions: The issue of modern and significant restructuring of referees professional activity, taking into account the orientation of changes in competitions rules in wrestling kuresh and the corresponding conditions, is very urgent and requires further improvement.
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Newman, Tarkington, Katlin Okamoto, Carlyn Kimiecik, Erica Magier, Lauren Beasley, Lauren Shute, Megan Knuettel, Cecelia Tarr, and Anita Tucker. "Sport as an Emerging Area of Social Work Practice: New Playmakers in the Athletic Arena." Sport Social Work Journal 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/sswj.1.1.35-52.
Full textAbstract:
Sport has been recognized as a setting for social work practice for decades, with social workers practicing in diverse sport systems, from community recreation to professional sport. However, as an emerging area of practice, little is known about these social workers. The current study aims to understand how social workers who work in sport understand their own role in this area of practice. Fifteen social workers – who had on average 12.7 years of experience and were employed in a variety of sport systems and settings – participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that although social workers viewed themselves as distinct from other service professionals, their sense of a professional identity was still evolving. Additionally, findings indicate that other social workers and sports professionals had a general lack of understanding about their role(s). Ultimately, there is a need to expand upon research informing formalized social work education.
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Bilov, S., and V. Tyshchenko. "Ukrainian sports – a new countdown." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(159) (January 30, 2023): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2023.1(159).13.
Full textAbstract:
Sport as an important social phenomenon permeates all levels of modern society, having a wide impact on the main spheres of society’s life. Problems related to the adaptation of the economy of physical culture and sports to the new market realities are also relevant for Ukraine. In the context of globalization, sport is becoming an important political, social and economic factor that requires a modern approach. At present, elite sport cannot function effectively and exist without a thorough theoretical study of management issues, legal and financial support for its activities. The state in many Western European countries has been making various efforts for a long time to ensure the priority of the sports aspect in the activities of professional clubs, leagues, associations, etc. The state policy in the field of sports was aimed at counteracting the excessive influence of market relations on professional sports, turning it into a regular kind of business. In the conditions of globalization, sport becomes not only an important social, but also a political factor that requires a modern approach. The purpose of the research is cause-and-effect relationships of legalization of the process of reorganization of the sports industry of Ukraine. The object of the research is the peculiarities of modern sports in Ukraine. The subject of the research is promising ways of changes in the system of Ukrainian sports. Results of the research. The factors contributing to the regression of the sports industry system in Ukraine have been highlighted. The modern model of sports management has been characterized, with the indication of the reasons for this state. A new vector of development of possible directions in the sports system has been outlined, with an emphasis on urgent strategic actions that will lead to the launch of such changes in Ukraine. The analysis of the existence of a sports industry system in the United States of America, which can be implemented in our country, has been carried out. The actions that ensured the existence of the American system of professional sports have been presented in chronological order.
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Stieger, Raphael, Romano Meier, Grazia Lang, and Siegfried Nagel. "Professionalisation and its consequences for the governance of sports clubs in semi-professional team sports." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss034.
Full textAbstract:
Sports clubs in semi-professional team sports professionalise their management particularly often due to expectations from internal and external stakeholders. Likely, they separate their elite section from other sections at some point during their professionalisation process. Promoting factors are the entrepreneurial risks and the high use of resources of the elite section. However, there are different approaches regarding the legal form of the separated elite section. While some sports clubs organise the elite section as a separated club, others choose a profit oriented legal form, like a limited liability company (LLC) or a stock company. Here, the following question arises: What are the consequences of the varying approaches for the governance of the sports clubs?
Nagel et al. (2015) use a multi-level framework for the analysis of professionalisation in sports federations, which can be similarly used to analyse professionalisation processes in sports clubs. The framework shows, that professionalisation forms can lead to positive and negative consequences, such as changes in the governance structures. However, the chosen legal form and its (non) profit orientation leaves room for club-specific governance structures (Lang et al., 2019).
This study is part of an international project on professionalisation processes of sports clubs. The research design is a case study design. It analyses two Swiss sports clubs that engage in a men’s semi-professional team sports league. Both sport clubs separated their elite and amateur sections. The volleyball club organised the elite section as a member association, just like the amateur section. The handball club chose a LLC for their elite section. Data collection consisted of three parts: documentary analysis, expert interviews with decision-makers and focus groups with club members. The data was analysed using causation coding and visualisation strategies.
The results show, that the elite section of the volleyball club employed a full-time paid CEO, while the management of the handball club’s LLC relied exclusively on voluntary work. This might be explained by more financial resources of and higher demands on the international playing volleyball club. For both sports clubs, a decreasing identification of the amateur section with the elite section was a challenge at the beginning of the separation. Although both clubs believe that they have overcome this challenge thanks to joint events, the recruitment of volunteers for the elite sports is still a challenge.
In conclusion, the professionalisation processes and the separation of elite and amateur sports led to changes in the governance of the sports clubs. However, the assumption that profit oriented legal forms tend to employ more paid staff could not be confirmed. Future research is needed to challenge these findings and to discover further approaches of governance structures.
References
Lang, G., Ströbel, T., & Nagel, S. (2019). Professionalization forms in mixed sport industries: is it time to rethink the stereotypes of non-profit and for-profit sport organizations? Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(4), 208-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1611470
Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalisation of sport federations: A multi-level framework for analysing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1062990
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Roztorhui, Mariia, Alina Perederiy, Olexandr Tovstonoh, and Larisa Gorlova. "Professional preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports as a factor of efficiency of training of athletes with disability." (Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(130) (February 22, 2021): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.2(130).23.
Full textAbstract:
Training of athletes with disabilities in various adaptive sports in recent years is an important area of research. However, the effectiveness of the process of training athletes depends not only on training programs, but also on the quality of training of coaches in adaptive sports, which play a key role in the socialization and integration of people with disabilities through the use of sports. The problem of training for the field of adaptive sports is relevant and needs to be addressed urgently. The purpose is to substantiate the structure and content of professional preparedness of coaches in adaptive sports. To solve this goal, we used the following research methods: analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, extrapolation, generalization of practical experience. As a result of the research the structure of professional preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports is substantiated, which includes general-theoretical preparedness, special- theoretical preparedness, professional-pedagogical preparedness and professional-practical preparedness. The content of the components of professional preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports has been supplemented on the basis of taking into account the ideological orientation of adaptive sports and the peculiarities of motor activity of athletes with disabilities. The components of professional and pedagogical preparedness and professional and applied preparedness should cover the specifics of the sport, so their content may differ in part in different adaptive sports. The special theoretical basic preparedness of a coach in adaptive sports, in addition to the available scientifically sound content, should include information content on the basics of sports biomechanics, rehabilitation, anti-doping legislation and classification.
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Knyazyan, Anna, and Lusine Haytyan. "GENDER STEREOTYPES IN SPORTS DISCOURSE." Armenian Folia Anglistika 20, no. 1 (29) (May 15, 2024): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2024.20.1.38.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of gender stereotypes in sports discourse. Despite the fact that institutional analysisas already penetrated gender studies, there are very few studies devoted to such a truly ”masculine” activity as professional sports. This determines the relevance of the topic of this work. Sport as a social institution is an ideal opportunity to study male and female stereotypes. Gender stereotypes permeate every aspect of human personality and appearance, and dictate how men and women should act, think and behave. Gender embodies a pattern of relations that evolves over time to define masculinity and femininity, structuring and regulating people’s relation to society. Gender stereotypes are especially clearly visible in professional sports. Professional sports s seen as an activity in which the differences between males and females are manifested, as well as the dominance of the former over the latter. The study was conducted on the material of sports press in the period from 2018–2023.
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Chard, Chris, and Kirsty K. Spence. "Sports Rescue: The South End Mustangs Professional Ice Hockey Team." Case Studies in Sport Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2014-0035.
Full textAbstract:
Three years ago, Steve Thornton purchased the South End Mustangs, a professional ice hockey team competing in the D1 division in the United Kingdom. Unfortunately, Thornton has experienced challenging times during his ownership tenure. The team has achieved mediocre results on the ice and poor results off the ice. Thornton knows he needs help to turn the Mustangs franchise around. Thus, as a result, he turns to John Tapner, a sport business owner, operator, entrepreneur, and advisor. Tapner is best known as a professional sport consultant and TV personality, representing his company Sports Rescue, which is the same name as his hit television show. When an owner calls Tapner, it is because a professional sports team is in trouble and needs to be rescued.