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1
Patsy, Healey, ed. Dilemmas of planning practice: Ethics, legitimacy, and the validation of knowledge. Aldershot, England: Avebury Technical, 1991.
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2
G, Jabbra Joseph, and Dwivedi O. P, eds. Public service accountability: A comparative perspective. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1989.
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Traviglia, Arianna, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, and Riccardo Giovanelli. Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-517-9.
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It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.
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The Public Library Inquiry and the search for professional legitimacy. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1992.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Strategies for Professional Status. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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(Editor), Teresa Kynell-Hunt, and Gerald J. Savage (Editor), eds. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Strategies for Professional Status (Baywood's Technical Communications). Baywood Pub Co, 2004.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Historical and Contemporary Struggle for Professional Status. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Power and legitimacy in technical communication. Vol. I, The historical and contemporary struggle for professional status. Amityville, NY: Baywood Pub., 2004.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage, eds. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication, Volume I: The Historical and Contemporary Struggle for Professional Status. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pl1.
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Fielding, Nigel G. Does Training Produce Professional Policing? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817475.003.0007.
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The chapter uses contemporary policing problems and challenges to evaluate how well training prepares recruits, auxiliaries, detectives, and managers for the police role. It reviews patterns of police corruption, misconduct and complaints against officers and considers whether, and how well, training helps police forces counter such problems. It also notes instances of positive responses to failures of service delivery. The discussion moves on to examine the challenge that diversity poses for the police, both at a cultural level and in respect of the specific experience of female officers, ethnic minority officers, and officers with alternative sexual orientations. The lessons of sickness, stress and injury on duty are considered in relation to how effectively training and supervision helps counter these. A discussion of public confidence and trust is used to address the concept of police legitimacy and to place it in relation to the acquisition of professional competence.
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The Legitimacy of Medical Treatment: What Role for the Medical Exception? Routledge, 2015.
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Kirkpatrick, Ian, and Mirko Noordegraaf. Organizations and Occupations. Edited by Laura Empson, Daniel Muzio, Joseph Broschak, and Bob Hinings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199682393.013.6.
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This chapter poses a challenge to deep-rooted assumptions about the mutual exclusive nature of professions and organizations. It argues that while different traditions of research, from the sociology of professions and theories of professional organization, have frequently emphasized conflict, much of it also highlights the inter-dependency and co-evolution of occupations and organizations. In the second half of the chapter, the authors illustrate this perspective and explore how, in recent years, professionalism itself has become increasingly hybridized. This is due not only to the encroaching demands of organizations on professionals, but also to the way professionals themselves have sought to reorganize to ensure continued legitimacy and sustainability.
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Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: The Historical and Contemporary Struggle for Professional Status (Baywood's Technical Communications Series). Baywood Publishing Company, 2003.
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14
Kochan, Thomas A. Social Legitimacy of the HRM Profession: A US Perspective. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0029.
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This article argues that HR professionals need to treat business strategy as an endogenous variable, be more externally focused and skilled at building networks and productive alliances with other groups and institutions, become more analytical and able to document the benefits associated with effective HR policies and practices to firms and employees, and be skilled at managing in an increasingly transparent society and information savvy workforce. The changing gender composition of the HR profession may affect its success in making these changes and meeting these challenges. Ironically, however, significant change in the status and legitimacy of the HR profession may require a rebalancing of power in employment relations.
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Wolfe, Richard. Wolfe's Legitimate Professional Fake Book. Dover Publications, 1986.
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Kucinskas, Jaime. Accessing Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881818.003.0004.
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Through the accounts of contemplative leaders, this chapter shows how the mindful elite promoted meditation across a variety of secular institutional fields. They began by convening elite sympathizers and using their social influence as insiders in wide-ranging professional organizations to bring contemplative intervention programs into their workplaces across institutions. Once their programs were established, interventions in reputable organizations, such as Google and Stanford University, became benchmark programs. Others in similar kinds of organizations, and the public, could refer to these programs as exemplars demonstrating the efficacy and legitimacy of contemplative practice. From there, as scientific research and media accounts of mindfulness were published and gained traction, the legitimacy of mindfulness was bolstered and the practices diffused more widely in mainstream culture.
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Kucinskas, Jaime. The Elite Circuit. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881818.003.0007.
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The mindful elite attracted new high-status sympathizers in targeted organizations by using their professional symbolic power, social status, and social skill to build legitimacy for meditation and other contemplative practices. In this chapter the author builds upon scholarship on legitimation by identifying the various kinds of legitimation the contemplatives are able to secure. These different kinds of legitimacy are interrelated and build upon each other over time, creating a cultural movement that is increasingly difficult to derail. However, in building their base among a privileged coterie of social, economic, and intellectual elites, the contemplatives risk losing touch with ordinary people and the issues of inequality that affect them. This weakens the contemplatives’ ability to stand by and implement direct social reforms to influence root causes of the issues they care about, such as rising inequality, greed, and materialism.
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Kellerman, Barbara. Professionalizing Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695781.001.0001.
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Leadership is an occupation—not a profession. Why is this? Why have medicine and law evolved into professions that require extended periods of education, training, and development, but not leadership? How has it come to pass that while the ancients—think Confucius, Plato, Machiavelli—thought learning to lead was the work of a lifetime, the contemporary leadership industry presumes quite the opposite, that learning to lead can be accomplished quickly and easily. Leadership has no body of knowledge, or core curriculum, or skill set considered essential. Leadership has no metric or clear criteria for qualification. Leadership has no license or credential or certification considered by consensus to be legitimate. Leadership has no professional association to oversee the conduct of its members—or to guarantee minimum standards. Leadership receives no attention from federal, state, or local officials, who tend otherwise to regulate not only professions, but vocations. Finally, unlike a profession, leadership does not necessarily imply service, or a shared code of ethics to ennoble or enhance the enterprise. Professionalizing Leadership looks at a leadership culture that is widespread and deeply entrenched. It looks at a leadership context that enables and sometimes even encourages ascension without clear credentials. It looks at an industry that is enormously profitable but entirely unregulated. It looks at a pedagogical practice that falls stunningly short of any imagined ideal. And it looks to the future, exploring what can be done to bestow on leaders a semblance of the gravitas associated with professionals.
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Rapport, Jeremy. New Religions and Science. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.20.
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This chapter overviews some of the major theories and ideas about the mixing of science and religion among new religions, as well the cultural context for the development of one prominent example of a new religion movement that uses science in its discourse. Illustrating these ideas is a case study of American metaphysical religions, which demonstrates the central role of seemingly scientific epistemological claims in legitimizing new religions. Finally, I suggest that because the role of science in new religions is removed from the actual practice of science among professional scientists, that the centrality of science in establishing epistemological legitimacy is unlikely to change.
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Strange, Julie-Marie. Death. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0020.
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This article assesses the usefulness of shifting notions of ‘good death’ and discusses the reasons for histories of death pitching science and religion in opposition. It examines the key actors in death scenarios, probing the material culture surrounding death, disposal, and mourning and, more recently, exploring histories of emotion in relation to dying and bereavement. It demonstrates the complex relationship between social and professional organizations, individuals and families. The history of death suggests a linear chronology whereby a sacred and community-centred culture eventually gave way to a privatized and sanitized culture of death. This article explores the legitimacy of this chronology and its implications for understanding attitudes to death in the past.
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Catherine A, Rogers. Ethics in International Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198713203.001.0001.
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International arbitration is a remarkably resilient institution, but many unresolved and largely unacknowledged ethical quandaries lurk below the surface. Globalization of commercial trade has increased the number and diversity of parties, counsel, experts, and arbitrators, which have in turn, led to more frequent ethical conflicts just as procedures have become more formal and transparent. The predictable result is that ethical transgressions are increasingly evident and less tolerable. Despite these developments, regulation of various actors in the system — arbitrators, lawyers, experts, third-party funders, and arbitral institutions — remains ambiguous and often ineffectual. This book systematically analyses the causes and effects of these developments as they relate to the professional conduct of arbitrators, counsel, experts, and third-party funders in international commercial and investment arbitration. This work proposes a model for effective ethical self-regulation, meaning regulation of professional conduct at an international level and within existing arbitral procedures and structures. The work draws on historical developments and current trends to propose analytical frameworks for addressing existing problems and reifying the legitimacy of international arbitration into the future.
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Keane, Adrian, and Paul McKeown. 23. Proof of facts without evidence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811855.003.0023.
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Facts in issue and relevant facts are treated as established by the courts only insofar as they are proved by evidence. This chapter discusses three exceptions to this general rule: (i) some facts may be presumed in a party’s favour in the absence of proof or complete proof, including marriage, legitimacy, death, the regular and proper performance of public or official acts, sanity and negligence; (ii) a fact will be treated as established where the court takes judicial notice of it either (a) without enquiry, in the case of facts that are beyond serious dispute, notorious or of common knowledge or (b) after enquiry (usually political facts, customs, professional practices and historical and geographical facts); and (iii) a fact ceases to be in issue when a party has formally admitted it.
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Moseley, Mason W. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190694005.003.0001.
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This initial chapter presents a telling anecdote from the #8N protests in Argentina in 2012. It then introduces the overarching argument of the book: the rise of protest in certain Latin American regimes can be explained by the interaction of two specific phenomena in recent history: (1) the significant socioeconomic gains made in the region during the past decade, which in turn have produced the most politically “engaged” citizenries—via social media, community organizations, and professional or educational networks—in Latin American history; and (2) the persistence of weak political institutions and waning political legitimacy in the eyes of citizens. Thus, rather than emphasizing how worsening economic conditions and mounting grievances fuel protest, this theoretical approach attributes rising contention to the improvement of economic conditions amid low-quality political institutions.
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Norris, Pippa. Why American Elections Are Flawed (and How to Fix Them). Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501713408.001.0001.
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The flaws in the American electoral process have become increasingly apparent in recent years. The contemporary tipping point in public awareness occurred during the 2000 election count, and concern deepened due to several major problems observed in the 2016 campaign, worsening party polarization, and corroding public trust in the legitimacy of the outcome. To gather evidence about the quality of elections around the world, in 2012 the Electoral Integrity Project was established as an independent research project based at Harvard and Sydney universities. The results show that experts rated American elections as the worst among all Western democracies. Without reform, these problems risk damaging the legitimacy of American elections—further weakening public confidence in political parties, Congress, and the U.S. government, depressing voter turnout, and exacerbating the risks of mass protests. This book describes several major challenges observed during the 2016 U.S. elections arising from deepening party polarization over basic voting procedures, the serious risks of hacking and weak cyber-security, the consequences of deregulating campaign spending, and lack of professional and impartial electoral management. This book outlines the core concept and measure of electoral integrity, the key yardstick used to evaluate free and fair elections. Evidence from expert and mass surveys demonstrate the extent of problems in American elections. The book shows how these challenges could be addressed through several practical steps designed to improve electoral procedures and practices. If implemented, the reforms will advance free and fair elections, and liberal democracy, at home and abroad.
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Fisher, Andrew. The Pacific Northwest. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.13.
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Despite decades of neglect by professional historians, the Pacific Northwest brings particular clarity to major themes in Native American history. On both sides of the Cascade Mountains and the US-Canadian border, Native communities have carried on the struggle for territorial integrity, political authority, economic viability, and cultural legitimacy that began in the late eighteenth century. Scholars, in turn, have broadened their studies temporally, culturally, and thematically to create a fuller picture of the region’s past. This chapter surveys recent trends in the ethnohistorical literature concerning the diverse indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast and Columbia Plateau. For the sake of brevity, it emphasizes three themes of particular salience in the Northwest: the porous character of cultural and political boundaries, the fluidity of racial and tribal identities, and the determination of Native nations to protect their ancestral lands and resources.
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Sergi, Viviane, Mariline Comeau-Vallée, Maria Lusiani, Jean-Louis Denis, and Ann Langley. Plural Leadership in Health Care Organizations. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.14.
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Because of their complex structures and cultures characterized by interaction among multiple professional and occupational groups with diverse sources of authority, expertise and legitimacy, health care organizations are prime sites for forms of collective or plural leadership. In this chapter, we describe and provide empirical examples of four different forms of plural leadership occurring in and around health care organizations. The presentation of the various forms and their empirical illustrations reveals that different situations may call for different forms and modalities of plural leadership both inside and across these organizations. However, a common theme underlying all the examples and forms is the paradoxical importance of individual agency in enabling the construction of effective forms of plurality. We conclude by discussing some of the challenges associated with these forms of plural leadership and by identifying areas for future study of their role and effectiveness in health care settings.
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Jr, Ken Zimmerman, and Tamara Zimmerman. Gotch vs. Hackenschmidt: The Matches That Made and Destroyed Legitimate American Professional Wrestling. Independently Published, 2018.
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Nancarrow, Susan, and Alan Borthwick. The Allied Health Professions. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345367.001.0001.
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The allied health professions have gained legitimacy through the pursuit of research evidence and the standardisation of practice. Yet there remains very little analysis or understanding of these professions. Adopting theory from the sociology of health professions, this book explores the sociological, economic, political and philosophical pressures that have shaped the professions. Drawing on case studies and examples from occupations including optometrists, occupational therapists and physiotherapists to emerging vocations, including pedorthists and allied health assistants, the book offers an innovative comparison of allied health professions in Australia and Britain. By telling the story of their past, the book prepares the allied health professions for a new and different future.
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. The Help-Yourself City. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.001.0001.
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When cash-strapped local governments don’t provide adequate services, and planning policies prioritize economic development over community needs, what is a concerned citizen to do? In the help-yourself city, you do it yourself. The Help-Yourself City presents the results of nearly five years of in-depth research on people who take urban planning into their own hands with unauthorized yet functional and civic-minded “do-it-yourself urban design” projects. Examples include homemade traffic signs and public benches, guerrilla gardens and bike lanes, even citizen development “proposals,” all created in public space without permission but in forms analogous to official streetscape design elements. With research across 17 cities and more than 100 interviews with do-it-yourselfers, professional planners, and community members, the book explores who is creating these unauthorized improvements, where, and why. In doing so, it demonstrates the way uneven development processes are experienced and responded to in everyday life. Yet the democratic potential of this increasingly celebrated trend is brought into question by the privileged characteristics of typical do-it-yourself urban designers, the aesthetics and cultural values of the projects they create, and the relationship between DIY efforts and mainstream planning and economic development. Despite its many positive impacts, DIY urban design is a worryingly undemocratic practice, revealing the stubborn persistence of inequality in participatory citizenship and the design of public space. The book thus presents a needed critical analysis of an important trend, connecting it to research on informality, legitimacy, privilege, and urban political economy.
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Bessard, Fanny. Caliphs and Merchants. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855828.001.0001.
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Caliphs and Merchants: Cities and Economies of Power in the Near East (700–950) offers fresh perspectives on the origins of the economic success of the early Islamic caliphate, identifying a number of previously unnoticed or underplayed yet crucial developments, such as the changing conditions of labour, attitudes towards professional associations, and the interplay between the state, Islamic religious institutions, and the economy. Moving beyond the well-studied transition between the death of Justinian in 565 and the Arab-Muslim conquests in the seventh century, Caliphs and Merchants focuses on the period of assertion of the Islamic world’s identity and authority. While the extraordinary prosperity of Near Eastern cities and economies in 700–950 was not unprecedented when one considers the early imperial Roman world, the aftermath of the Arab-Muslim conquests saw a deep transformation of urban retail and craft, which marked a break from the past. This book explores the mechanisms through which these changes resulted from the increasing involvement of caliphs and their governors in the patronage of urban economies, alongside the empowerment of enriched entrepreneurial tāǧir from the ninth century, as well as how they served the Arab-Muslim elite to secure their power and legitimacy. This book combines a wide corpus of literary sources in Arabic with original physical and epigraphic evidence. The approach is both comparative and global. The Middle East is examined in a Eurasian context, parallels being drawn between the Islamic world and Western Christendom, Byzantium, South East Asia, and China.
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. “I’m an Expert on Public Space”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 focuses on the personal and professional background of many do-it-yourselfers who employ sophisticated knowledge of professional planning and scholarly urbanism in their interventions. In doing so, it begins to challenge binary notions of formality and informality in urbanism. The chapter includes discussion of the history of informality in cities and the development of professionalized urban planning and placemaking practices. It then discusses how many do-it-yourself urban designers have professional design training that they to use in their projects. Where others lack such a background, they often seek information from official sources in order to strengthen and legitimate their interventions, from tools, techniques, and guidelines to justifications grounded in social science research. Although this may lead to better-designed and more effective improvements, it also gives the individuals a certain confidence in the quality of their actions and their right to make them.
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Russell, Gillian. The Regulation of Theatres. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.16.
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Romantic-period theatre faced long-standing legal constraints on where playhouses could be built, the kind of plays that could be staged, and the social status of actors. This chapter shows how new legislation and historical conditions gradually altered this picture. The impact of the French Revolution and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars created a demand for forms of theatrical entertainment that would mediate the rapidity and scale of cultural and political change, forms for which the ‘illegitimate’ theatres of London were particularly suited. The dominant ‘legitimate’ theatres of Covent Garden and Drury Lane responded to this competition by becoming bigger in scale and developing new, visually spectacular genres such as melodrama and Gothic drama. By the 1820s the two-tier system of legitimate and illegitimate theatres had lost its cultural force and actors were legally recognized as no longer akin to vagrants but as professional artists, analogous to poets and novelists.
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Öberg, PerOla. Interest Organizations in the Policy Process. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.39.
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Early last century, a norm to integrate organized interests into the policy processes was established. Groups gained influence and the state could implement legitimate public policy. The balance between autonomy and institutional participation was evasive. Some argue that organizations were captured into powerlessness, others that special interests controlled policy processes. Now, the situation has changed. Institutional participation has decreased. Face-to-face meetings intending to solve common problems are being replaced by professional lobbying. A transparent corporatist system favoring certain interests has been replaced by less transparent pluralism. This chapter focuses on the establishment, function, and dismantlement of corporatism in the policy process.
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Mitchell Sommers, Susan. Dr Sibly’s Reanimating Solar Tincture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687328.003.0008.
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Using the money from Ipswich, Sibly set himself up in London for a career in quack medicine. With letters of support from brother freemasons, Sibly purchased a medical degree from King’s College in Aberdeen and began producing Dr Sibly’s Reanimating Solar Tincture and its companion medicine for women, the Lunar Tincture. How did one purchase a medical degree? And what did that imply about one’s legitimacy as a medical practitioner? Despite many assertions in the literature that this was a routine and acceptable route to credentials in a time of great change in the profession, Sibly’s contemporaries had other things to say about the process.
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Sergi, Anna, Alexandria Reid, Luca Storti, and Marleen Easton. Ports, Crime and Security. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217711.001.0001.
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The Covid-19 pandemic, Brexit and the US-China trade dispute have heightened interest in the geopolitics and security of modern seaports. Ports are where contemporary societal dilemmas converge: the (de)regulation of international flows; the (in)visible impact of globalisation; the perennial tension between trade and security; and the thin line between legitimate, illicit and illegal. Applying a multidisciplinary lens to the political economy of port security, this book presents a unique outlook on the social, economic and political factors that shape organised crime and governance. Drawing on several primary interviews with port security professionals, this text bridges the divide between global and local, and theory and practice.
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Bendix, Regina F., Kilian Bizer, and Dorothy Noyes. Building Trust and Respecting Suspicion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040894.003.0004.
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Interdisciplinary success depends on participant willingness to take intellectual and professional risks. This chapter applies economistic accounts of trust and risk to the academic marketplace, with attention to inequality and differential identity. The economist's game experiments provide a productive analogy for the interdisciplinary project, a similarly reduced and temporary situation, though with real assets risked and payoffs envisioned. In the opening stages of a project, differences of disposition become apparent, heightening both social and intellectual suspicion. But the legitimate academic ethos of suspicion--taking no idea unexamined, including the slogan-concept of trust itself--must be balanced with a leap of faith in collaboration. Shared time, sociability, and explicit commitments can cultivate interpersonal trust that will increase risk tolerance at the higher levels.
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Yunhwa Rao, Nancy. Immigration. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040566.003.0004.
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This chapter is a case study that examines close-up one theater’s tug-of-war with Immigration Bureau to gain legitimacy at various junctures. It focuses on San Francisco Mandarin Theater’s struggle against exclusionary immigration policies. The Mandarin’s path to becoming the fastest growing Chinatown theater in the 1920s was filled with difficult hurdles, from obtaining permission, to extension of actor permit, and to expansion of the quota and operation. Using letters, interviews, legal briefs, etc., the chapter reveals the nuance of arguments and decisions, namely, the everyday life of the regulations of Chinese Exclusion. The attorney also drew from recent precedents: two landmark Supreme Court cases regarding wives of Chinese merchants. At a crucial juncture, the attorney’s right-based argument won the theaters permission to expand, and established the legal status of these performers as non-immigrant. Mandarin’s eventual success was due to the prudence, financial prowess, and business skill of Chinese merchants, as well as the mobilization of legal professionals.
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Adam, Dodek, and Way Rosemary Cairns. Part II Institutions and Constitutional Change, C The Courts, Ch.10 The Supreme Court of Canada and Appointment of Judges in Canada. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0010.
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This chapter explains the constitutional status of the Supreme Court of Canada with attention to the Court’s composition, jurisdiction, and procedure. The chapter discusses the Supreme Court’s 2014 decision in Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss 5 and 6 and considers whether and how that decision limits Parliament’s authority to make changes to the Court. Both the process for appointing Supreme Court of Canada justices and the process for appointing other federal judges to the country’s superior courts are explained. The authors argue that both appointment processes are inconsistent with democratic ideals of transparency and accountability. They examine the emerging scholarly and professional consensus on the importance of institutional diversity on the bench, and conclude that the continuing lack of diversity in the federal judiciary raises legitimate political and constitutional concerns.
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Townley, Christopher, Mattia Guidi, and Mariana Tavares. The Law and Politics of Global Competition. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859789.001.0001.
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This book discusses the International Competition Network’s (ICN) formally neutral structures that provide powerful influence mechanisms for strong national competition authorities (NCAs), non-governmental actors (NGAs), and competition experts over wider state interests. It highlights the legitimacy of ICN from a political and legal theory perspective and analyses the ICN’s effectiveness and efficiency. It also describes the ICN as a transnational network that is set up by its members, without wider state input. The book points out how the ICN has sought to enrich its discussions and outputs through the inclusion of NGAs, principally large multi-nationals and legal and economic professions. It reviews ICN’s mission, which is to advocate the adoption of superior standards and procedures in competition policy around the world, formulate proposals for procedural and substantive convergence, and seek to facilitate effective international cooperation to the benefit of member agencies, consumers, and economies worldwide.
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Overby, Lynnette Young. Public Scholarship in Dance. Human Kinetics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718212893.
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Dance educators in higher education have a long history of enriching the lives of others through community-based teaching, choreography, research, and service. Yet their valuable contributions to community development may not be acknowledged as legitimate scholarship by the university or other educational organizations. If you are a dance educator or student seeking to engage in public scholarship in dance and want to ensure your work receives the attention it deserves, this resource is for you. Public Scholarship in Dance is a dance-specific guide that provides examples of what others have done and suggestions for ways dance educators can evaluate their own projects or work for scholarship. Complete with research, teaching, performance, assessments, and dissemination tools, it is a total package that supports dance educators in their professional development through public scholarship and community engagement.
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Brooks, Jane. Negotiating nursing. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119063.001.0001.
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Negotiating nursing explores how the Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service (Q.A.s) salvaged men within the sensitive gender negotiations of what should and could constitute nursing work and where that work could occur. The book argues that the Q.A.s, an entirely female force during the Second World War, were essential to recovering men physically, emotionally and spiritually from the battlefield and for the war, despite concerns about their presence on the frontline. The book maps the developments in nurses’ work as the Q.A.s created a legitimate space for themselves in war zones and established nurses’ position as the expert at the bedside. Using a range of personal testimony the book demonstrates how the exigencies of war demanded nurses alter the methods of nursing practice and the professional boundaries in which they had traditionally worked, in order to care for their soldier-patients in the challenging environments of a war zone. Although they may have transformed practice, their position in war was highly gendered and it was gender in the post-war era that prevented their considerable skills from being transferred to the new welfare state, as the women of Britain were returned to the home and hearth. The aftermath of war may therefore have augured professional disappointment for some nursing sisters, yet their contribution to nursing knowledge and practice was, and remains, significant.
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Balboni, Michael J., and Tracy A. Balboni. Social Structures Separating Medicine and Religion. Edited by Michael J. Balboni and Tracy A. Balboni. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199325764.003.0006.
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The reasons that medicine and religion appear to be rightly separated are reinforced by plausibility structures, unstated cultural assumptions that legitimate socially held beliefs and practices, and socializing patients and medical professionals to keep medicine and spirituality discrete. Plausibility structures include the now-accepted belief that hospitals are spaces set apart for advanced technological interventions; that physicians are primarily scientists whose social authority to act is grounded primarily in the scientific method; and that the cultural repression of dying is in tension with religious sensibilities. The ethos within medicine striving to restore health and extend life is incongruent with the message of the world’s religions, which fundamentally acknowledge human mortality. To the degree that medicine is collectively controlled by ambitions to forestall death, it remains ambivalent toward social understandings that highlight either its limitations or the unavoidability of death. These widely accepted beliefs undergird a general acceptance of medicine’s separation from religion.
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Dias, Luciano Souto, Denilson Mascarenhas Gusmão, Mírian Célia Gonçalves de Almeida, and Teodolina Batista da Silva Cândido Vitório. A ressignificação do Direito a partir da pandemia do novo Coronavírus. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-073-1.
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The work “Reassignment of Law from the new coronavirus pandemic” is an interdisciplinary collective production idealized under the perceptive lenses of notable scope professionals in the legal universe, working in the various fields of law, in the noble priesthood of the law, judiciary, economics, psychology, masters, doctors and post-doctors, with renowned national and international institutions degrees. The careful reading of this impressive collection shows that the new coronavirus invites to the non-negotiable duty of reflection, both on the large scale suffering it imposed on humanity and on the legal repercussions of the pandemic situation consequences. The reflections proposed in this book suggest that postmodern society change course is unavoidable. Furthermore, they seek to add density and hope to legal science in this time of uncertainty, strategically re-signifying post-pandemic law, with the incessant expectation that the next chapters of universal history will be marked by the overcome capacity, based on the hegemony of rights and respect for human dignity, under the reign of legitimate justice.
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Silva, Sergio Mendonça da, Sílvio Parodi Oliveira Camilo, Cristina Keiko Yamaguchi, and Miguelangelo Gianezini. Indutores de políticas, programas e práticas socioambientais: análise das distribuidoras de energia elétrica do sul do Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-420-3.
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This study investigates determinants of socio-environmental practices, (mandatory and voluntary), as evidenced in southern Brazil’s electric energy distribution companies. It seeks to understand this phenomenon with interdisciplinary protection through theoretical constructs of Social Responsibility, Environmental Management, Evidence, Legitimacy, Reputation, and Institutional. This integration contributes to understanding the reasons why companies undertake and evidence their socio- -environmental practices to external audiences. The literature suggests that socio-environmental practices are explained by various reasons, such as: enforced by legal impositions and/or voluntariness, to strengthen legitimacy, maintain and develop a reputation, and by isomorphism of the competitive operating environment. Given the above, the objective of this work is to investigate factors that determine the disclosure of socio-environmental practices in electricity distribution companies in the south of Brazil. In the methodological aspects, a qualitative approach was used, with descriptive and exploratory objectives. As a research strategy, a multichannel study was applied through two electricity distribution companies in the south of the country, CELESC Distribuição S.A. (Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina) and COPEL Distribuição S.A. (Companhia Paranaense de Energia). Data collection took place in two stages, the first one with a search on documentary, physical and virtual basis, and the second stage using a semi-structured interview with professionals from the Social and Environmental Responsibility area of each of the companies surveyed. The information collected was related to the period of 2014, 2015, and 2016. The results showed that the Annual Reports, service stations, and participation in external events constitute the primary means and channels of evidence of socio-environmental practices. There was a greater tendency to develop social practices. However, there are programs focused on climate change, conscious consumption and electricity saving, social inclusion, recovery of citizenship, and people’s quality of life. The COPEL company presented a tendency to evidence voluntary practices with more intensity, also showing consistency and maintenance of the programs during the studied period. Regarding corporate and sustainability policies, it was noted that companies adopt very similar strategies. It is concluded that the age, size, and corporate reputation of companies are the main determinants of socio-environmental practices, highlighting the presence of mimetic isomorphism characterized by the use of the same types of means and channels of evidence and by the symmetry of practices and policies developed by companies CELESC and COPEL.
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Caletrio, Javier, ed. Low-Carbon Birding. Pelagic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/epea5466.
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Birdwatching in Britain has grown increasingly dependent on burning fossil fuels. Regularly driving long distances to birding hotspots and frequent flying to see exotic species are seen as perfectly normal. In the face of the climate crisis, however, a growing number of birders are reassessing the way they enjoy and study birds. In this timely book, 30 contributors—from young birdwatchers to professional ornithologists—explain why and how they are shifting to climate-friendlier approaches. Low-carbon birding, they argue, is a legitimate and valuable way of enjoying birds. Furthermore, in itself this can bring many joys, some of them unexpected. From first encounters with hawfinches to focusing in on birdsong, from the Kalahari to the Hebrides, the stories told here are not about heroic efforts to save the planet. They are simply accounts of everyday humanity in unprecedented times—ordinary people with doubts and concerns about how to live a decent life and act responsibly in a rapidly warming world. The authenticity of their voices is a testament to the moment of awakening to the climate crisis in British ornithology. Above all, Low-Carbon Birding is an urgent call for birders to leave a better legacy in the skies and across the living world.
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Holtzman, Benjamin. The Long Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843700.001.0001.
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The Long Crisis explores the origins and implications of one of the most significant developments across the globe over the last fifty years: the diminished faith in government as capable of solving public problems. Conventional accounts of the shift toward market and private sector governing solutions have focused on the rising influence of conservatives, libertarians, and the business sector. The Long Crisis, however, locates the origins of this transformation in the efforts of city-dwellers to preserve liberal commitments of the postwar period. New York faced an economic crisis beginning in the late 1960s that disrupted long-standing assumptions about the services city government could provide. In response, New Yorkers—organized within block associations, nonprofits, and professional organizations—embraced an ethos of private volunteerism and, eventually, of partnership with private business in order to save their communities from neglect. Local liberal and Democratic officials came over time to see such alliances not as stopgap measures, but as legitimate and ultimately permanent features of modern governance. The ascent of market-based policies was driven less by a political assault of pro-market ideologues than by ordinary New Yorkers experimenting with novel ways to maintain robust public services in the face of the city’s budget woes. Local people and officials, The Long Crisis argues, built neoliberalism from the ground up. These shifts toward the market would both exacerbate old racial and economic inequalities and produce new ones that continue to shape metropolitan areas today.
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Wells, Christi Jay. Between Beats. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197559277.001.0001.
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Between Beats: The Jazz Tradition and Black Vernacular Dance explores the complex intersections between jazz music and popular dance over the last hundred-plus years. It aims to show how popular entertainment and cultures of social dancing were crucial to jazz music’s formation and development, but it also investigates the processes through which jazz music came to earn a reputation as a “legitimate” art form better suited for still, seated listening. Through the concept of “choreographies of listening,” the book explores amateur and professional jazz dancers’ relationships with jazz music and musicians as jazz’s soundscapes and choreoscapes were forged through close contact and mutual creative exchange. The book’s later chapters also critically unpack the aesthetic and political negotiations through which jazz music supposedly distanced itself from dancing bodies. As musicians and critics sought to secure institutional space for jazz within America’s body-averse academic and high-art cultures, an intentional severance from the dancing body proved crucial to jazz’s re-positioning as a form of autonomous, elite art. Fusing little-discussed material from diverse historical and contemporary sources with the author’s own years of experience as a social jazz dancer, this book seeks to advance participatory dance and embodied practice as central topics of analysis in jazz studies. As it explores the fascinating history of jazz as popular dance music, this book also exposes how American anxieties about bodies and a broad cultural privileging of the cerebral over the corporeal have shaped efforts to “elevate” expressive forms such as jazz to elite status.
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Bloxham, Donald. History and Morality. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858713.001.0001.
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Against majority opinion within his profession, Donald Bloxham argues that it is legitimate, often unavoidable, and frequently important for historians to make value judgements about the past. History and Morality draws on a wide range of historical examples, and its author’s insights as a practising historian. Examining concepts like impartiality, neutrality, contextualization, and the use and abuse of the idea of the past as a foreign country, Bloxham’s book investigates how the discipline has got to the point where what is preached can be so inconsistent with what is practised. It illuminates how far tacit moral judgements infuse works of history, and how strange those histories would look if the judgements were removed. Bloxham argues that rather than trying to eradicate all judgemental elements from their work historians need to think more consistently about how, and with what justification, they make the judgements that they do. The importance of all this lies not just in the responsibilities that historians bear towards the past—responsibilities to take historical actors on those actors’ own terms and to portray the impact of those actors’ deeds—but also in the role of history as a source of identity, pride, and shame in the present. The account of moral thought in History and Morality has ramifications far beyond the activities of vocational historians.
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Theory and Methodology in International Comparative Classroom Studies. Cappelen Damm Akademisk, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.130.
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This anthology is addressed to researchers, students and professionals within education and special needs education as well as related fields such as psychology, health sciences and other fields within the social sciences and humanities. Part One contains two articles; one is an introduction to the anthology, while the other gives the reader insight into the history of educational ideas from the beginning of elementary education “for all and everyone” in 1739 to current efforts being made to implement the principles of the inclusive school. Part Two contains seven articles that mainly provide perspectives from cultural-historical and didactic-curricular theories, focusing on certain aspects of practice such as communication and care as well as teaching, learning and development. Why does it take such a long time to realise the principle of inclusion? Amongst the many and legitimate assumptions, there is an increasing awareness of ethical issues. Part Three addresses these issues by paying specific attention to Bulgarian-French scholar Julia Kristeva’s social critique and her introduction of an ethical-political programme where our shared human sense of vulnerability is at the centre of civic solidarity and inclusion. Part Four is devoted to methodological considerations and choices. Small-scale research projects are in focus, particularly classroom studies related to international comparative analysis. Various qualitative approaches are investigated, including case studies and “mixed methods”. Action research has in particular attracted interest from classroom researchers and is therefore outlined and discussed in several articles. This is the second of three anthologies related to the international comparative research cooperation project WB 04/06: Development towards the Inclusive School: Practices – Research – Capacity Building.