Academic literature on the topic 'Professional legitimacy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Harrington, Brooke. "Turning vice into virtue: Institutional work and professional misconduct." Human Relations 72, no. 9 (October 30, 2018): 1464–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718793930.
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Why do professionals engage in or aid misconduct, rather than rejecting it as a threat to their legitimacy and labor market survival? This article contributes to the scholarly agenda by drawing on an ethnographic study of professionals who facilitate offshore tax avoidance for the ultra-wealthy. This form of expert advisory work has become highly controversial, and is increasingly classified as a form of professional wrongdoing. Building on theories of institutional work and categorization, the study theorizes practitioners’ responses to field-level legitimacy threats. Specifically, the article models a process in which misconduct is recategorized in terms of the core norms that underpin professional legitimacy. Through this process, practitioners create institutional change by altering the way they see themselves and their work, transforming the ‘vice’ of tax avoidance into the professional ‘virtues’ of public service and expert neutrality. This model advances knowledge compared to previous research on professional misconduct, which was situated primarily at the organization level, and responds to calls for analysis of ‘agentic self-categorization’ processes in creating the micro-foundations for legitimacy in the professions.
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Beaulieu, Suzanne, and Jean Pasquero. "Conceptualizing Legitimacy in a Professional Context." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 10 (1999): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc19991029.
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Gonzales, Leslie D., and Aimee Lapointe Terosky. "From the Faculty Perspective: Defining, Earning, and Maintaining Legitimacy across Academia." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 118, no. 7 (July 2016): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811611800704.
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Background Research shows that the academic profession is largely held together by cultural rules and norms imparted through various socialization processes, all of which are viewed as sensible ways to orient rising professionals. In this paper, a critical perspective is assumed, as we utilized the concept legitimacy and legitimation to better understand the implications of various socialization tactics within academia. Purpose Specifically, the purpose of this paper was to study how faculty members, employed across different types of institutions, defined legitimacy and what it takes to be deemed legitimate in the context of the academic profession. Research Design A critical qualitative research design guided this study. Specifically, we collected fifty in-depth, semistructured, conceptual interviews from faculty members employed across two community colleges, two regional comprehensive universities, one liberal arts college, and one high activity research university. Data Analysis Our analysis of interview transcripts was largely guided by Saldaña's suggestions for affective, pattern, and elaborative coding. Findings We found that all faculty members, regardless of institution type, discipline, or tenure status, held ideas as to what constitutes legitimate work/legitimacy within academia. We interrogated these findings further through the lens of New Institutionalism and determined that professors spent most of their time describing professional legitimacy. Professional legitimacy seemed to be contingent on (1) research and (2) institutional type. However, faculty also described what can be understood as normative legitimacy, which is an endorsement granted when one conforms to implicit cultural rules and ideals held by any community of relevance (e.g., governmental leaders, administrators, tax payers/public). Normative legitimacy seemed to be granted to professors who presented themselves as selfless, ideal workers who could account for and maximize their productivity. Conclusions/Recommendations A number of specific policy and practice related recommendations are gleaned from this work. In terms of faculty preparation and socialization, it is imperative that faculty members acknowledge that both processes are steeped in relations of power, as they engender notions of who and what fits into academia. Several specific questions and small adjustments in terms of practice are noted in the paper. Also, in terms of faculty evaluation, a return to Boyer's work and newer iterations of Boyer's work by Henderson (2013) could be helpful.
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Garcia, Mattea A., and Joshua B. Barbour. "“Ask a Professional—Ask a Librarian”: Librarianship and the Chronic Struggle for Professional Status." Management Communication Quarterly 32, no. 4 (June 24, 2018): 565–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318918776798.
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Professionalizing occupations strive to convince the public, policy makers, and each other of their distinctiveness and legitimacy. Efforts to maintain professional status are a key facet of professional identity negotiation, which is complicated by technological, political, and economic threats. This study investigated librarians’ struggle to defend the legitimacy of their profession while facing threats to their status and values. Drawing on interviews ( N = 32) and observations of librarians from multiple work sites, this study provides evidence for conceptualizing professionalization as an ongoing, macrosocial, communicative process through which individuals attempt to define and defend the profession. The findings contribute to institutional and communication theory of professional identity negotiation, offering the insight that the discursive resources provided by the profession shape professionals’ efforts to resist stigma facing the profession, and yet, those same professional discursive resources can make their navigation of material and discursive threats to the profession more difficult.
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McKenzie, Kevin. "Formulating professional identity." Pragmatics and Society 3, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.3.1.02mck.
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Recent scholarly and practitioner research on the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has been concerned with questions about the moral legitimacy of humanitarian aid in settings of armed conflict. At issue is the extent to which NGO activities are said to affect the conduct and outcome of warfare, thereby potentially implicating humanitarian aid in the partisan interests which it has traditionally eschewed as a condition of its legitimacy. This paper explores how such issues are taken up in the explanations offered by humanitarian aid operatives in descriptions of the work they carry out in settings of armed conflict. Drawing on a corpus of conversational material recorded in open-ended interviews with representatives of various NGOs that operate in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), I examine how speakers work to make themselves accountable to demands for sympathetic affiliation with the losing (or vanquished) parties in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict while maintaining a non-aligned stance relative to the partisan considerations that animate that conflict’s conduct. Both in first-hand narrative accounts of personal transformation and in descriptions of contrastive examples where professional colleagues are said to maintain a too-sympathetic affiliation with the partisan concerns of the Palestinian population whose needs they service, speakers work to provide for the legitimacy of their professional activities in the context of otherwise conflicting demands for moral accountability.
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Larsson, Bengt, Ylva Ulfsdotter Eriksson, and Petra Adolfsson. "The Legitimacy of Performance-Related Pay in Swedish Public Sector Organisations." Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.58235/sjpa.v26i1.7039.
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This study analyses the legitimacy of different pay determination principles in Swedish public sector organisations. The aim is to explore what dimensions of worth exist in pay determination and to analyse the extent to which differences in legitimacy can be explained by organisational position, professional identity and organisational context. Theoretically, the article is influenced by “valuation studies” and the “institutional logics” and “orders of worth” approaches in analysing the existence of multiple dimensions of pay determination. Empirically, the study is based on surveys to employees and managers. The main results are that individual performance is the most legitimate dimension of worth, although job requirements and employee behaviour also have a high level of legitimacy. Formal individual competence and market value have a somewhat lower level of legitimacy, while organisational results is the dimension that has least legitimacy. In addition, the perceptions of legitimacy are shown to vary somewhat with position, profession and organisational context.
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Jones, Marjaana, and Ilkka Pietilä. "Alignments and differentiations: People with illness experiences seeking legitimate positions as health service developers and producers." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 3 (September 16, 2018): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318800154.
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Health policies and strategies promote the involvement of people with illness experiences in service development and production, integrating them into settings that have traditionally been domains of health professionals. In this study, we focus on the perspectives of people with personal illness experiences and explore how they justify involvement, position themselves as legitimate actors and forge collaborative relationships with health professionals. We have used discourse analysis in analysing individual interviews conducted with peer support workers and experts by experience (n = 17) who currently work in Finnish health services. The interviewees utilised discourses of empowerment, efficiency and patient-centeredness, aligning themselves with the justifications constructed by patient movements additionally to those found in current health policies. Both groups wanted to retain critical distance from professionals in order to voice criticisms of current care practices, yet they also frequently aligned themselves with professionals in order to gain legitimacy for their involvement. They adopted professional traits that moved them further from being lay participants sharing personal experiences and adopted an expert position. Although national-level policies provided backing and legitimacy for involvement, the lack of local-level guidance could hinder the practical implementation and make involvement largely dependent of professionals’ discretion.
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Blalock, Emiko. "The role of accreditation in establishing academic legitimacy in graduate level non-profit management education." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 11, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-04-2019-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the tension that a graduate education field called non-profit management education (NME) faces as it decides whether or not to adopt accreditation. The tension at hand is the politically wrought process of accreditation and the challenge many professional graduate education programs face in maintaining distinctive characteristics of their programs while conforming to the perceived legitimate norms within the larger field of higher education. Design/methodology/approach This case study is focused on a multi-day Summit, collecting data from participant presentations and discussions, observations and field notes and documents. Inductive coding and deductive coding are used to analyze data, framed under the theoretical framework of organizational legitimacy, strategy and homogeneity. Findings Three major themes are identified that illuminate the inherent tension between the ambiguous nature of legitimacy and the structured character of accreditation: arguing the field is unique, establishing threats to innovation and drawing boundaries. Originality/value This study offers unique insights into the political nature of accreditation and its ties to legitimacy for professional graduate education programs. With the expansion of graduate education into more applied fields and the increased pressure to provide programs that are directly related to professional and career advancement, many programs may benefit from accreditation standards while garnering legitimacy. However, it is imperative that those seeking accreditation understand they may risk losing the very elements that make their programs distinct.
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O'Meara, Kerryann, Lindsey Templeton, and Gudrun Nyunt. "Earning Professional Legitimacy: Challenges Faced by Women, Underrepresented Minority, and Non-Tenure-Track Faculty." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 12 (December 2018): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812001203.
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Background and Context Little research has focused on how legitimacy is understood and conveyed through interactions between faculty colleagues, despite its importance to faculty careers. Not all faculty experience an even playing field in trying to access professional legitimacy. This is especially true for women, underrepresented minority (URM), and nontenure-track (NTT) faculty. These groups experience common dilemmas in their pursuit of professional legitimacy in research university environments, though each group also faces distinct challenges of its own. An ideal place to understand experiences of faculty trying to earn professional legitimacy are faculty learning communities. Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze how women, URM, and NTT faculty understand and describe professional legitimacy in one research university. We sought to understand the challenges these groups experienced in trying to obtain legitimacy from colleagues that they attributed to their gender, race, or appointment type. Through this study, we hope to provide an understanding of and recommendations for creating inclusive academic work environments for all three groups. Setting The study took place at Land Grant University (LGU), a research-intensive institution. LGU received a National Science Foundation ADVANCE grant to focus on issues of equity in the retention and advancement of women and URM faculty. Out of recognition that the institution faced challenges in retaining and/or advancing women, URM, and NTT faculty, LGU's ADVANCE program created faculty learning communities. Research Design A qualitative case study approach was used to understand how women, URM, and NTT faculty interpreted institutional scripts of legitimacy within their academic departments. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected using semistructured participant observations of five faculty learning communities, which were formed to support the retention and advancement of women, URM, and NTT faculty over five years. Findings/Results Women, URM, and NTT faculty participating in faculty learning communities understood professional legitimacy as associated with belonging, merit, autonomy, and voice in decision making. Participants described multiple ways in which they felt their gender, race, and/or appointment type constrained their ability to achieve legitimacy. Conclusions and Recommendations In this study, we used our findings to “mark” how inequality is maintained through professional interactions with colleagues. Implicit bias influenced several of the inequalities and barriers to earning legitimacy noted in the study. One recommendation, therefore, is to raise awareness of implicit bias and provide department-wide trainings on how to address it. This study also supports the use of faculty learning communities as a place of restoration for faculty seeking professional legitimacy and as a tool to create inclusive academic environments.
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Mortensen, Tara M., and Peter J. Gade. "Does Photojournalism Matter? News Image Content and Presentation in the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record Before and After Layoffs of the Photojournalism Staff." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 4 (March 16, 2018): 990–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699018760771.
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This study explored the photojournalism and news presentation of the Middletown (NY) Times Herald-Record before and after the newspaper laid off its entire photography staff. Differences between professional and non-professional photographs were compared. Following the layoff, the paper published fewer images, and presented less prominently. Professional images captured significantly more elements of photojournalism than non-professionals, including emotion, action, conflict, and graphic appeal. Professional images were presented larger and more prominently. Results of this case study provide evidence that—despite clear differences in image content—photojournalists are struggling to assert their professional legitimacy in the digital age.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Storrs, Elizabeth. "The Demonstration of Organizational Legitimacy Among Independent Professional Schools of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2749.
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Thesis advisor: Ted I. K. YounIndependent professional schools were a significant part of higher education in the United States until the rise of universities at the beginning of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the overwhelming majority of professional schools are indeed affiliated with universities; however there are a growing number of professional schools in variety of fields that are independent. The institutional perspective from organizational theory suggests these schools, like all organizations, must be creating and maintaining legitimacy in order to survive. This multiple case study explores how independent professional schools of acupuncture and Oriental medicine (AOM) demonstrate legitimacy over time. Analysis was focused on temporal patterns, correlations, and interdependencies between and/or among particular legitimizing activities within institutions, and global patterns of legitimizing activities across different institutions. Data were analyzed with specific reference to the possibility that there are multiple alternative paths to legitimacy outside of isomorphism with educational myths and structures. Findings included identification of higher education, health care, context, the profession, and business as the five arenas in which AOM schools signal their legitimacy, as well as general patterns of signaling to these arenas across all institutions over the past twenty years. Signals in each arena ebb and flow between relatively narrow limits, and it is not possible for schools to increase their signals in all areas simultaneously. Over time, the business and academic signals are generally increasing, contextual and professional signals decreasing, and health care remains fairly stable. This research marks an initial effort bring scholarly awareness both to schools of acupuncture and Oriental medicine to independent professional schools as a group. It offers support for the idea that there are multiple avenues for demonstrating legitimacy, and suggests a model for the arenas in which legitimacy operates for independent professional schools. In addition, this research articulated the concept of multi-liminality as both a characteristic of independent professional schools and an important feature for future research
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education
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Kuehnl, Nathan. "Establishing Professional Legitimacy: Black Physicians and the Journal of the National Medical Association." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1382115117.
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Björck, Alexander. "Professional Social Work as a Western Invention in Ghanaian Contexts. A Minor Field Study Examining Ghanaian Professional Social Workers Experiences of Legitimacy." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24823.
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The aim of the study is to examine professional social workers experiences of legitimacy in conducting social work in Ghana’s capital Accra and to discuss possible sources of legitimacy. The idea is to problematize social work as a profession developed and constructed in Western contexts and exported to Ghana during the British colonization. The issue of legitimacy is examined from Ghanaian professional social workers subjective experiences of their meetings with clients and traditional authorities that historically been conducting social work in Ghana. The study is structured around three broad themes intending to explore the Ghanaian social workers experienced legitimacy as professionals in different sequences of the social work; the social workers experiences of legitimacy to (1) classify social problems, (2) to reason about social problems and (3) to take action on social problems. These themes are also basis for the fourth theme that provides a more explanatory discussion of the social workers experiences; (4) possible sources of legitimacy. The analysis conclude that the social workers experiences of legitimacy differ between whether the social work is conducted on an individual level or a community level, towards nuclear families or extended families and whether it is conducted in a social domain or institution that historically and traditionally been in the jurisdiction of traditional authorities or if it is a domain or institution that is recently introduced in the Ghanaian contexts due to modernization.
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Morton, Josh. "Legitimation through openness : managing organisational legitimacy through open strategy in a pluralistic context." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28410.
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This research explores how an open strategy approach can be used to manage organisational legitimacy in a pluralistic context, characterised by the competing demands of key stakeholders. Open strategy demonstrates an interest in strategising processes becoming more inclusive and transparent (Hautz et al., 2016). Open strategy work to date has focused on its uses and implications, and how strategic inclusion and transparency are being displayed in different organisational contexts. Much open strategy literature also associates the central purpose of open strategising activity with organisations seeking to manage legitimacy (e.g. Chesbrough and Appleyard, 2007; Whittington et al., 2011; Tavakoli et al., 2017), particularly through ensuring that their actions are desirable in the opinion of key stakeholders (Suchman, 1995). Whilst a small number of studies have explicitly focused on open strategy and legitimacy, these do not go beyond illuminating legitimacy as a potential effect (Gegenhuber and Dobusch, 2017) or outcome (Luedicke et al., 2017). Absent has been research attempting to specifically understand open strategy as a process of legitimation (Uberbacher, 2014), and there remains a need to unpack and elevate the significant potential of open strategy approaches for managing legitimacy further. To address this gap, this research presents an in-depth single case analysis of an organisation undertaking the development of a new four-year strategic plan using an open strategy approach. A number of data collection methods were used, including completion of 30 semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and collection of significant social media and documentation data, to explicate the concepts of open strategy and organisational legitimacy, addressing the question; How does an open strategy approach represent a process of legitimation for managing the competing demands of organisational stakeholders? . A pluralistic context, a UK-based professional body, is the basis for the empirical work. It is acknowledged that interrogating the intricacies of strategising in pluralistic contexts, and the inherent competing demands of stakeholders, might offer new perspectives, and a useful means of expanding the contextual base of practice-based strategy work (Jarzabkowski and Fenton, 2006). However, studies of open strategy in pluralistic contexts remain near non-existent in the literature (Lusiani and Langley, 2013). In the organisational legitimacy literature, there is much discourse on how legitimacy is managed and gained through specific legitimation processes and strategies, and increasingly such a focus has been adopted to recognise how organisations might manage legitimacy demands in contexts defined by plurality, amidst diffuse power and divergent objectives (Denis et al., 2007). In this study, a practice-based activity theory framework is used (Jarzabkowski 2005; Jarzabkowski and Wolf, 2015) to explore legitimacy in relation to organisational direction and priorities, and as a means of redefining the organisation s core goals in an enactment of strategic openness. The work here conceptualises how the case organisation has adopted a plethora of open strategising practices for legitimacy effects (Suddaby et al., 2013), providing a detailed account of how different dynamics of open strategising activity connect to specific forms of legitimation over time. The findings indicate that different open strategy dynamics represent the case organisation switching between distinct approaches to legitimation, as a means of managing the competing legitimacy demands of organisational stakeholders in a flow of activity. Through this narrative, a greater perception of legitimation as a core purpose of open strategy is provided. Overall, this research offers an important contribution by accentuating the principal relevance of organisational legitimacy in open strategising, particularly through elevating legitimacy beyond being understood as an effect or outcome in open strategy work. Further, this more explicitly brings open strategy into close alignment with the organisational legitimacy literature and its theoretical conceptions (Lawrence et al., 2009; Suddaby et al., 2013), which is imperative for understanding the potential importance of open strategy as a means of legitimation.
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Mckee, Katherine Elizabeth. "Access to Discourse and Professional Identity Development of Doctoral Students in Communities of Practice." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77294.
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This qualitative case study examined the development of doctoral students' professional identities through the negotiation of boundaries among communities of practice and through the social forces within a community of practice. The five doctoral students who participated in the study had been secondary agriculture teachers and were in their second and third years of a Teaching and Learning concentration of an Agricultural and Extension Education doctoral program at a Land Grant University. The participants had from four to seven years of teaching experience in secondary agriculture programs and were on full graduate assistantship with their academic department at the time of the study.
The over arching theme was developed through analysis of interviews which were developed through a priori propositions, document analysis, and participant observations. This theme - Doctoral students must lose some legitimacy in their previous communities of practice to gain legitimacy with the faculty community of practice and access the faculty Discourse. Doctoral students' ability to define themselves as "good" and to have legitimacy reinforce each other and increase access which facilitates their professional identity development in relation to the faculty community of practice - emerged to describe the entire study and suggest influences that hinder or facilitate professional identity formation.Ph. D.
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Hedlund, Erik. "Yrkesofficersutbildning, yrkeskunnande och legitimitet : En studie av yrkesofficersprogrammet i spänningsfältet mellan förändring och tradition." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för undervisningsprocesser, kommunikation och lärande (UKL), 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118.
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The new Swedish Armed Forces will be radically different from the previous invasion-oriented defence and the Armed Forces will be a smaller and more flexible organization, better adapted to the international sphere. With the aim of meeting up with the demands of the transformed Armed Forces posture for professional competence, the Regular Officer Programme (YOP) was introduced in the autumn of 1999. This dissertation aims at attempting to illustrate, address the problems and investigate to what degree the basic officer training of the Regular Officer Programme (Swedish: YOP) and the professional competence of newlygraduated Second Lieutenants can be seen as being legitimate within the scope of professional practices of the Swedish Armed Forces, and how this legitimacy can be described and understood. The theoretical framework of the dissertation is comprised of a sociocultural perspective and institutional theory. The five central concepts of the dissertation are: professional practice, institutional rules, professional competence, learning and legitimacy. The empirical elements of the dissertation were collected during 2001 and 2002 and comprise data from six part-studies. The informants were officer cadets after their first year of the Basic Officer Training Programme (YOP) and officers up to the rank of general. The methods for collecting data have been in the form of a questionnaire study, focus group conversations at thirteen military units, three document studies and a study with questions via e-mail. The questionnaire study was processed by using the computer programme SAS. The focus group conversations, the document studies and the answers via e-mail to questions were analyzed and put into categories contents wise according to the sentence category principle in positive and negative statements, respectively, in relation to YOP and the professional competence of the newly-graduated Second Lieutenants. Results show that both YOP as well as the professional competence of the newly-graduated Second Lieutenants cannot be regarded as being fully legitimate among the informants or within the all the professional practices of the Armed Forces.
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Visek, Amanda J. "Ice hockey players' perceived legitimacy of aggression an investigation at the youth, high school, collegiate, and professional levels /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3423.
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Matheson, Breeanne. "“[Taking] Responsibility for the Community”: Women Claiming Power and Legitimacy in Technical and Professional Communication in India, 1999-2016." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7111.
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Though the field of technical and professional communication has long been saturated with the narratives of Euro-Western males, technical and professional communication as a field has a responsibility to expand the lens of study to include the experiences of global and nontraditional practitioners. This study examines the experiences of Indian women working as practitioners, building power and legitimacy in a globalized economy. Drawing from interviews with 49 practitioners as well as an analysis of historical documents, this study examines the methods that Indian practitioners have used to build power and legitimacy by founding professional organizations, leveraging their educational opportunities, and using tactical strategies in their workplaces. The data suggests that Indian women have done strong, innovative work in building their own legitimacy in the field. However, work remains to remove barriers that disproportionately bar women from access to professionalizing structures.
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Buys, Pieter Willem. "The legitimacy predicament of current day accounting theory / Pieter Willem Buys." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4578.
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Recent corporate reporting history is well–known for its corporate failures and
questionable accountancy practices, many of which caused the profession to be
frowned upon. However, the splodge on the accounting profession?s reputation
goes deeper than its corporate reporting failures. The scientific foundation
thereof is also being questioned in academic circles. Even though accounting
scholars have been trying to formulate foundational accounting theories, it has
been the accounting regulators that have been more successful in promoting
their versions of what accounting theory should be, which place a question
mark on the legitimacy of current day accounting theory. This thesis aims to
delve deeper into the foundational philosophies of accounting and its impact on
the practice of accounting.
With the current accounting globalisation efforts, the profession?s stewardship
function is becoming less prominent in its promulgated standards, which in
turn brings the focus on the many questionable ethical practices found in the
profession. Even though the regulatory bodies require their members to commit
themselves to professional codes of conduct, which entails competency,
integrity, objectivity and confidentiality, the 1st article in this thesis claims that
ethical conduct is more than mere adherence to rules and regulations. It is also
about the image of not only the profession, but also accounting research and
education.
Accounting is broadly practised, researched and taught within its so–called
conceptual framework, of which a key objective is to guide and inform accounting practice. The conceptual framework became the basis upon which
accounting theory is based. However, many accounting scholars are openly
critical of presenting accounting theory as a set of practical guidelines. The 2nd
article in the thesis concludes that, from an academic perspective, accounting
theory should be based on three quintessential guidelines. The first of which is
its primary purpose of reporting on the historic economic events, secondly the
provision of useable and comparable information about these events and finally,
the facilitation of business decisions based on relevant and reliable information.
In the above mentioned business decisions, the concept of value is often taken
for granted and many accounting techniques? effectiveness is judged on how
well it approximates an item?s value. The 3rd article argues that the multiple
purposes for which accounting information is used complicates the issue of
value, as reported by accounting. Two key conflicting valuation perspectives are
the so–called decision–usefulness and true income perspectives. The current
drive towards fair value accounting, as opposed to historic cost accounting, cast
doubts on the reliability and relevance of accounting information. Even though
it may be argued that value–based techniques are more relevant because it is a
better reflection of the current business conditions, the mere subjective nature
thereof and the accountant?s objective valuation skills make the true relevance
of this information questionable. Furthermore, mixed model valuations found in
financial statements makes cross–company information unreliable.
Accountancy research of the past four decades focussed on the concept of user
decision–usefulness. The user is also pre–eminent in the globalisation of
accounting standards of the FASB and the IASB, where users are specified as
the equity investors, lenders and capital providers. The 4th article acknowledges
that although these user categories are important consumers of the financial
data, there are other users which are also impacted by the financial information
and the company?s operational performances. There are also concerns over
accounting?s key assumptions, such as its quantification and predictive
abilities, which are fundamental to the decision–usefulness objective.
Furthermore, there are questions around how the regulators decided what
information is suppose to be useful and what type of utility is being sought. In summary, the focus on the vocational aspects of accountancy stands in
contrast to claims of accounting as an academic discipline in the social
sciences. The reality is that the practices of the profession will probably always
play a central role in what is taught at university level, and the regulators, as
the final authority on accounting standards, will probably remain dictatorial in
promulgating their versions of accounting theory. Yet, accounting and its wide
spread impact on society, makes it a key discipline within the economical and
management sciences. It is therefore essential for the resurrection of accounting
as a social scientific discipline that there is a return to foundational accounting
research that will prepare (and enable) prospective practitioners and academics
to question the status quo and push back on accounting practices that are
threatening to extinguish the flame of accounting scholarship.Thesis (Ph.D. (Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Melo, Paula Sousa Brant e. "A contribuição da competência política para a carreira, a reputação e a legitimação da liderança." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-18102017-152300/.
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O comportamento político é uma característica da vida nas organizações, no entanto é preciso reconhecer que diferentes gestores são mais ou menos efetivos no uso desse comportamento, como consequência de suas habilidades. A competência política é vista como fator crítico para a efetividade e o desenvolvimento da carreira de lideranças. Esta pesquisa visa compreender melhor essa competência, sua relação com o desenvolvimento na carreira, o aumento da reputação e a atribuição de legitimidade das lideranças no contexto das organizações brasileiras. Para tanto, foram utilizados métodos mistos (quantitativo e qualitativo). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas, sendo a primeira a validação de questionário pré-existente em inglês para o português, o qual possibilita a avaliação da competência política (obtiveram-se 200 questionários válidos). Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas entrevistas com 21 gestores, com um roteiro de 12 perguntas abertas e aplicação do questionário. As questões foram elaboradas com o objetivo de identificar como as organizações e os gestores brasileiros percebem o ambiente político e como eles se sentem em relação ao aspecto político da função do gestor e se as lideranças brasileiras se consideram politicamente competentes e como elas são percebidas por seus pares e superiores nesse quesito. Buscou-se ainda verificar se a competência política é reconhecida como uma competência importante e positiva para os gestores. Para tanto, explorou-se a perspectiva positiva da política nas organizações, nos sistemas de carreira e na liderança. Outro ponto avaliado foi se as descrições feitas pelos entrevistados a respeito da reputação e legitimidade podem ser associadas à caracterização de lideranças consideradas politicamente competentes. Embora a visão mais comum da política seja negativa, os resultados mostraram que os profissionais brasileiros reconhecem o ambiente político nas empresas, seus aspectos positivos e a importância da competência política no desenvolvimento de suas carreiras. Na conclusão, discutiram-se as contribuições da pesquisa, suas limitações e sugestões de estudos futuros.Although political behaviour is an intrinsic characteristic of organizations, it is necessary to recognize that different managers can use such a competence more or less effectively, according to their personal abilities. Political Skill is perceived as an essential aspect for the efficiency and the development of the leadership career. This research looks at such a competence and its relation to aspects as career development, increase in reputation and granting leadership legitimacy in the context of Brazilian organizations. To this end, mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) were used. The research was carried in two stages, and the first one was the approval of a pre-existing questionnaire, translated from English into Portuguese, which allows the evaluation of political skill (we obtained 200 valid questionnaires). At the second stage, interviews were made with 21 managers, and they included a script of 12 open questions, as well as the completion of the questionnaire. The questions were created with the objective of identifying how Brazilian organizations and managers perceive the political environment and how they feel about the political aspect of the manager\'s role. Another debated issue was if Brazilian leaders consider themselves politically competent and how they are seen by their peers and superiors with regards to this matter. Besides that, another goal was to verify whether a political skill is recognized as an important and positive competence for managers. To do so, we looked into the positive outlook of politics in organizations, career systems and leadership. In addition, we evaluated whether the interviewees\' descriptions of reputation and legitimacy could be associated with the characterization of politically skilled leaderships. Even though most were under negative impressions regarding politics, the results showed that Brazilian professionals recognize the political environment in companies, their positive aspects and the importance of political skill in the development of their careers. In the conclusion further contributions of the research will be discussed, as well as its limitations and suggestions for future studies.
Books on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Patsy, Healey, ed. Dilemmas of planning practice: Ethics, legitimacy, and the validation of knowledge. Aldershot, England: Avebury Technical, 1991.
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G, Jabbra Joseph, and Dwivedi O. P, eds. Public service accountability: A comparative perspective. West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1989.
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Traviglia, Arianna, Lucio Milano, Cristina Tonghini, and Riccardo Giovanelli. Stolen Heritage Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Heritage in the EU and the MENA Region. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-517-9.
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It is a well-known fact that organized crime has developed into an international network that, spanning from the simple ‘grave diggers’ up to powerful and wealthy white-collar professionals, makes use of money laundering, fraud and forgery. This criminal chain, ultimately, damages and dissipates our cultural identity and, in some cases, even fosters terrorism or civil unrest through the illicit trafficking of cultural property.The forms of ‘possession’ of Cultural Heritage are often blurred; depending on the national legislation of reference, the ownership and trade of historical and artistic assets of value may be legitimate or not. Criminals have always exploited these ambiguities and managed to place on the Art and Antiquities market items resulting from destruction or looting of museums, monuments and archaeological areas. Thus, over the years, even the most renowned museum institutions have - more or less consciously - hosted in their showcases cultural objects of illicit origin. Looting, thefts, illicit trade, and clandestine exports are phenomena that affect especially those countries rich in historical and artistic assets. That includes Italy, which has seen its cultural heritage plundered over the centuries ending up in public and private collections worldwide.This edited volume features ten papers authored by international experts and professionals actively involved in Cultural Heritage protection. Drawing from the experience of the Conference Stolen Heritage (Venice, December 2019), held in the framework of the NETCHER project, the book focuses on illicit trafficking in Cultural Property under a multidisciplinary perspective.The articles look at this serious issue and at connected crimes delving into a variety of fields. The essays especially expand on European legislation regulating import, export, trade and restitution of cultural objects; conflict antiquities and cultural heritage at risk in the Near and Middle East; looting activities and illicit excavations in Italy; the use of technologies to counter looting practices.The volume closes with two papers specifically dedicated to the thorny ethical issues arising from the publication of unprovenanced archaeological objects, and the relevance of accurate communication and openness about such topics.
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The Public Library Inquiry and the search for professional legitimacy. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1992.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Strategies for Professional Status. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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(Editor), Teresa Kynell-Hunt, and Gerald J. Savage (Editor), eds. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Strategies for Professional Status (Baywood's Technical Communications). Baywood Pub Co, 2004.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication: Historical and Contemporary Struggle for Professional Status. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Power and legitimacy in technical communication. Vol. I, The historical and contemporary struggle for professional status. Amityville, NY: Baywood Pub., 2004.
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Kynell-Hunt, Teresa, and Gerald J. Savage, eds. Power and Legitimacy in Technical Communication, Volume I: The Historical and Contemporary Struggle for Professional Status. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pl1.
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Fielding, Nigel G. Does Training Produce Professional Policing? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817475.003.0007.
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The chapter uses contemporary policing problems and challenges to evaluate how well training prepares recruits, auxiliaries, detectives, and managers for the police role. It reviews patterns of police corruption, misconduct and complaints against officers and considers whether, and how well, training helps police forces counter such problems. It also notes instances of positive responses to failures of service delivery. The discussion moves on to examine the challenge that diversity poses for the police, both at a cultural level and in respect of the specific experience of female officers, ethnic minority officers, and officers with alternative sexual orientations. The lessons of sickness, stress and injury on duty are considered in relation to how effectively training and supervision helps counter these. A discussion of public confidence and trust is used to address the concept of police legitimacy and to place it in relation to the acquisition of professional competence.
Book chapters on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Smith, Curtis. "Establishing Professional Legitimacy." In Homelessness and Housing Advocacy, 72–88. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003050872-5.
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Fisher-Høyrem, Stefan. "News: The Pursuit of Immediacy." In Rethinking Secular Time in Victorian England, 113–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09285-5_4.
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AbstractUnderpinning the Victorian public sphere was a network characterized by an intense pursuit of immediacy. By creating an abstract and ‘empty’ space where the public might observe and participate in ongoing events on a societal scale, this network served to establish public opinion as a source of political legitimacy. The telegraph, the development of professional journalistic skill sets, and the extraction of colonial natural resources made it possible to extend the news network beyond regional and national borders. The uniform typographical ‘form of news’ characterizing Victorian daily newspapers was an effect of specific technological adjustments needed to move newsworthy events across vast distances without interruption or distortion. In this way, the news network mediated a secular time independent of motion.
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Conrad, Maximilian. "From Denouncing to Defunding: The Post-Truth Populist Challenge to Public-Service Media." In Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics, 79–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8_5.
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AbstractIn the context of the broader phenomenon of post-truth politics, the aim of this chapter is to discuss populist challenges to public-service media and critical journalism more broadly. The literature on post-truth politics has already established a clear link—in the form of an “elective affinity”—between populism and post-truth politics. However, more attention needs to be paid to the connection between such a post-truth populism and challenges to professional journalism, in particular as regards claims to defund public-service journalism. Attempts to discredit critical journalism as fake news have featured prominently in post-truth populism and need to be discussed as part and parcel of a (possibly deliberate) strategy to undermine the credibility and legitimacy of the institution of journalism, in particular public-service journalism. This chapter explores the link between post-truth populism and the challenge to public-service journalism by analysing efforts to denounce public-service media in the context of the COVID pandemic in Germany, where resistance to COVID-related restrictions as well as to COVID vaccinations have been closely linked to hostility to mainstream media. Although the empirical illustrations are drawn exclusively from the German case, it is plausible that similar patterns can also be beyond Germany.
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Viteritti, Assunta. "Practice-Based Learning of Novices in Higher Education: Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) Revisited." In Professional and Practice-based Learning, 127–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9502-9_9.
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Warren, Amber N., and Jaehan Park. "“Legitimate” Concerns: A Duoethnography of Becoming ELT Professionals." In Educational Linguistics, 199–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72920-6_11.
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Morquin, David, and Roxana Ologeanu-Taddei. "The Electronic Medical Record: Standardization Issues and Personalization of Information for Health Professionals." In Confidence and Legitimacy in Health Information and Communication, 251–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119549741.ch12.
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Ilonszki, Gabriella, Davor Boban, and Dangis Gudelis. "The Bumpy Road to Relevance: Croatia, Hungary and Lithuania in Perspective." In Opportunities and Challenges for New and Peripheral Political Science Communities, 189–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79054-7_7.
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AbstractThis chapter examines how has the relevance of political science developed in Croatia, Hungary and Lithuania, that is how is the profession engaged with important audiences, namely the student body, society at large and pragmatic politics. Similar to the Western context the normative and pragmatic understanding of relevance appear in these emerging political science communities while identity formation and the achievement and preservation of legitimacy also define how political science can become relevant. The concept of relevance is built on three dimensions related to three potential fields of engagement: knowledge provision, social presence and practical impact. This chapter highlights that the profession continues to be beset by problems relating to the issue of relevance but differences between the countries are pronounced. Moreover, the three main aspects of relevance have not been achieved to the same level within the same country although we can duly expect a degree of adjustment as the three aspects are interconnected and will influence one another. This chapter argues that the development of relevance is a two-way process: government and university policies act as the external context, while the profession’s interests, commitment and ambitions constitute the internal force marking the way forward.
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Olfers, Marjan. "State Aid To Professional Football Clubs: Legitimate Support Of A Public Cause?" In ASSER International Sports Law Series, 299–316. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-685-5_18.
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Bennett, Michael. "Case Studies in the Culture of Professional Football Players and Mental Welfare and Wellbeing." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 325–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_38.
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AbstractThis chapter draws on the author’s personal experience together with the findings from his qualitative research, to explore the cultural values driving problems of mental health and well-being among professional footballers. The study makes explicit the way in which players are expected to hide their experiences of being objectified—of being subject to gendered, racialised and other forms of dehumanisation—and denied a legitimate lived experience, an authentic heard voice. The chapter illustrates the importance in values-based practice of knowledge of values gained as in this instance by way of qualitative methods from the social sciences being used to fill out knowledge derived from individual personal experience.
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Knezevic, Bojana, Roman Andrzej Lewandowski, Anatoliy Goncharuk, and Maja Vajagic. "Studying the Impact of Human Resources on the Efficiency of Healthcare Systems and Person-Centred Care." In Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Person-Centered Healthcare, 145–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79353-1_8.
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AbstractWe explore the alternative explanation for barriers and facilitators for implementation of PCC evolving from human resources through the lenses of institutional theory. We have deepened the explanation by adding the perspective of different institutional logics, which shows that the physician's resistance or nurses’ support may originate from the differences in institutional logics. Working with patients by applying person-centered principles places new demands on health professionals. It is widely agreed that education and training are very important for the clarification on the roles of professionals in the person-centred care. PCC education programs were designed to be delivered through informal training, continued medical education, leadership development and training through mentors’ system. Managers, on the other hand, may support the implementation of PCC, but their motivation may be less oriented to increase of service quality, than gaining higher external legitimacy of the organization and increase organizational access to external resources. Therefore, managers may not implement sufficient control and motivational mechanisms for healthcare professionals for following PCC routines and make them slip back into ‘usual care’ or lose interest, knowledge or commitment. As the psychological state of medical staff can determine the duration and success of the treatment and care, therefore they should be properly motivated. In this chapter we show comparative research study in Ukraine and Poland. The methodology of this study selected a list of motivators for medical staff in both countries. The results of this study brought the main findings that may be useful for reforming inefficient healthcare systems.
Conference papers on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Pellicciari, Igor. "VIDOVDAN CONSTITUTION AS A KEY STUDY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.017p.
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How scientifically legitimate is the research of the history of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes? Does it make sense to deal with it today more than before? According to Weber-inspired methodology, the legitimacy of the research topic is based on the subjective (value judgment of the researcher) and the objective element (depending on the actuality of the topic and the selected professional structure). From this point of view, it seems that the answer to the initial question about legitimacy of the study on the Kingdom of SCS is confirmed. The choice of the topic of the paper is the result of personal interest and almost biographical affiliation of the author to the history and scenario of the "South Slavs"; But, on the other hand, actuality of topics can be objectively justified by the obvious interests of the scientific and professional public for the rediscovered Eastern Europe and - especially - for The Balkans, as one of its crucial geopolitical hubs.
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Pollak, Calvin. "Rhetorical Accessibility as Political Legitimacy: The Role of Style in NSA Surveillance Discourse." In 2022 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/procomm53155.2022.00076.
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Tseng, Hua Hui. "THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSICIANSHIP AND CORE COMPETENCIES IN PROFESSIONAL MUSIC TRAINING—THE TUT EXPERIENCE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end003.
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After being asked to respond to the Arts Education Act of 2015 by the Ministry of Education, Taiwan, concerning curricula and their impact on music education, what follows are some observations and reflections from the Tainan University of Technology (TUT), Taiwan, about its educators' experiences of teaching undergraduate music and music degrees. The idea put forward isthatskills/knowledge competency reflects an emergent sensibility in contemporary music cultures, and this represents an opportunity for music educators to reconfigure and strengthen their pedagogical approaches. By recognizing the legitimacy of new and varied forms of musicianship and acknowledging the ways in which course curricula continue to grow in their range of practices and necessary literacies, strategies can be developed to support broader, cohesive, inclusive, diverse, meaningful, and useful experiences for music students.
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Lauc, Zvonimir, and Marijana Majnarić. "EU LEGAL SYSTEM AND CLAUSULA REBUS SIC STANTIBUS." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18352.
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We are witnesses and participants of Copernican changes in the world which result in major crises/challenges (economic, political, social, climate, demographic, migratory, MORAL) that significantly change “normal” circumstances. The law, as a large regulatory system, must find answers to these challenges. Primarily, these circumstances relate to (i) the pandemic - Corona 19, which requires ensuring economic development with a significant encroachment on human freedoms and rights; (ii) globalization, which fundamentally changes the concept of liberal capitalism as the most efficient system of production of goods and services and democracy as a desirable form of government; (iii) automation, robotics, artificial intelligence, and big data are changing the ways we work, live, communicate, and learn in a Copernican manner. The law should serve to shape the relationship between people in order to realize a life of love and freedom. This is done to the greatest extent through the constitutional engineering of selected institutions. The legal system focuses on institutions that have a raison d'etre in their mission, which is read as “ratio legis”, as a desirable normative and real action in the range of causal and teleological aspect. Crisis situations narrow social cohesion and weaken trust in institutions. It is imperative to seek constitutional engineering that finds a way out in autopoietic institutions in allopoietic environment. We believe that the most current definition of law is that = law is the negation of the negation of morality. It follows that morality is the most important category of social development. Legitimacy, and then legality, relies on morality. In other words, the rules of conduct must be highly correlated with morality - legitimacy - legality. What is legal follows the rules, what is lawful follows the moral substance and ethical permissibility. Therefore, only a fair and intelligent mastery of a highly professional and ethical teleological interpretation of law is a conditio sine qua non for overcoming current anomalies of social development. The juridical code of legal and illegal is a transformation of moral, legitimate and legal into YES, and immoral, illegitimate and illegal into NO. The future of education aims to generate a program for global action and a discussion on learning and knowledge for the future of humanity and the planet in a world of increasing complexity, uncertainty and insecurity.
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Kohler, Rachel, John Purviance, and Kurt Luther. "Geolocating Images with Crowdsourcing and Diagramming." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/741.
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Many types of investigative work involve verifying the legitimacy of visual evidence by identifying the precise geographic location where a photo or video was taken. Professional geolocation is often a manual, time-consuming process that can involve searching large areas of satellite imagery for potential matches. In this paper, we explore how crowdsourcing can be used to support expert image geolocation. We adapt an expert diagramming technique to overcome spatial reasoning limitations of novice crowds so that they can support an expert's search. In an experiment (n=540), we found that diagrams work significantly better than ground-level photos and allow crowds to reduce a search area by half before any expert intervention. We also discuss hybrid approaches to complex image analysis combining crowds, experts, and computer vision.
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Суханов, Е. В., and Е. В. Волкова. "Three examples of geometrical morphometry employment for earthenware vessel shapes study (On the opportunities and limitations of method)." In ФОРМЫ ГЛИНЯНЫХ СОСУДОВ КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-254-4.214-227.
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The geometrical morphometry represents a modern method of statistical analysis of objects’ morphology. The article is dedicated to discussion of opportunities and limitations of geometrical morphometry methods for study of earthenware shapes. The article deals with three examples of geometrical morphometry use for analysis of vessel shapes study in solving research problems of various complexity. Every of these examples differs in amount of known source data on objects of study. In the first example results of analysis of two types of early Byzantine amphorae forms are considered. By dint of geometrical morphometry it became possible to establish legitimacy of these types detachment and to explain that the principal differences between these types consist in the general proportionality of vessels. In the second example 252 shapes of vessels from the Balanovo burial ground of the Bronze Age are analyzed. An attempt is undertaken to detach peculiarities of shapes specific to two culturally different groups of population that left the burial ground. We succeeded in solving the task with the aid of geometrical morphometry in about a half of cases. In the third example an attempt is made to determine earthenware produced by different potters. For that purpose 30 vessels made by 6 professional potters of high skills and 15 vessels made by three potters who had no stable skills of earthenware production were used. In result of geometrical morphometry method application several conditional arrays of vessels have been detached. As it happens, vessels that have virtually nothing in common in their morphology, technology of production and skill level of potters who made the vessels allotted these arrays. Data considered allow making the conclusion that the biggest efficiency of geometrical morphometry application is achieved in search of peculiarities built in general proportionality of earthenware shapes. But an inefficiency of geometrical morphometry method is marked in solution of more complicated tasks related to analysis of detailed peculiarities of vessel outlines. The results obtained put in question possibilities to consider the geometrical morphometry as a sound method of archeological vessel shapes study.
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Relela, Mokgadi, and Lydia Mavuru. "LIFE SCIENCES TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS ABOUT SOCIOSCIENTIFIC ISSUES IN THE TOPIC EVOLUTION." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end009.
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The goal of science education is emphatically positioned on promoting science literacy. The rationale is learners should not only learn about scientific knowledge and processes but also on how to apply the knowledge when making decisions about heterogenous societal and personal issues. Previous research has indicated that by addressing socioscientific issues (SSIs) when teaching controversial science topics, it provides a suitable context for developing scientific literacy in learners. Scientifically literate learners are well-informed citizens with regards to the social, ethical, economic, and political issues impacting on contemporary society. The theory of evolution is one such Life Sciences topic deeply embedded with SSIs. Teachers are conflicted when teaching this topic due to the controversy surrounding the theory as they view the teaching of evolution as a way of negating the legitimacy of their religious and cultural convictions. It is against this background that the study sought to answer the research question: How do Life Sciences teachers conceptualise socioscientific issues embedded in the topic evolution? In an explanatory mixed method approach, a questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative questions was administered to 28 randomly selected grade 12 Life Sciences teachers. Data was analysed and descriptive statistics were obtained, and themes generated. The findings showed that all the participants were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the topic evolution. In justifying their conceptions 61% of the teachers perceived SSIs as important in improving learners’ reasoning and argumentative skills; developing learners’ critical thinking skills; and in informing learners in decision making. There were however 11% of the teachers who pointed out that SSIs as too sensitive to deal with hence not suitable to teach young learners. Though the teachers were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the theory of evolution, it does not mean that they could address them when teaching the various concepts of evolution. The main source of the controversy rose from the evolution of humankind versus the Christian belief in the six-day special creation. The participants (25%) indicated that evolution challenges peoples’ religious and cultural convictions, which conflicts both the teachers and learners to question or go against their religious beliefs. Several teachers pointed out that some of the concepts on evolution such as ‘living organisms share common ancestry (18%) and ‘the formation of new species from existing species’ (11%), undermine the superiority of human beings over other organisms. The findings have implications for both pre-and in-service teacher professional development.
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Hughes, Bryce. "How Legitimate Peripheral Participation in Engineering During College Affects Professional Identity." In 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1443267.
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Peterlin, Judita, and Vlado Dimovski. "Are Meetings Our Collective Value: Multiple Intelligent Approach to Leading Meetings: Matter od Strategy, Not Only Operation?" In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.50.
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Meetings are part of everyday life of managers. Unfortunately, often too little attention is dedicated to them, therefore the paper addresses the role of the meetings in avoiding the threats to cross-group collaboration of different departments. The paper emphasizes collaboration blind spot which happens when managers do not do the first step in collaboration implementation correctly which is identifying the potential threats each group involved in the potential collaboration might feel. People often feel potential collaboration as a threat to their identity and legitimacy of their existing group and therefore act defensively or even avoid collaboration. We position meetings as a key element of organizational culture which needs to be professionaly managed and address them as a strategical tool for achieving organizational success in an efficient way.
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Sarhan Abud Al-Azawi, Faisal, and Sali Ibrahim Ahmad. "The Contemporary Government Accounting System And Its Role In Achieving The Requirements Of The External Environment Of The Tax System In Iraq, A Study Of Concepts And Application Mechanism." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/26.
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The issue of accountability is one of the most important foundations of a healthy society that seeks to build a generation that is committed to its national and moral responsibilities. And that any defect in the accounting system in a society will negatively affect the credibility of the law and the individual's loyalty to his society because it will properly regulate the relationship between the law and its actual application, Accountability has a role in all areas of life, including tax, where the importance of accounting converges with the importance of taxes since ancient times, because tax is a legitimate right of the state, society and citizen. This importance of accounting lies in the integrity of the procedures followed in collecting funds correctly by the employees working to collect them in accordance with the established tax laws and regulations, and accordingly, cadres must be armed with knowledge and full knowledge of the laws, regulations and accounting methods. Hence the importance of research by providing accounting programs for employees working in this field to help them and raise their efficiency. The first topic of the study showed the concept of government accounting, its most important functions and characteristics, while the second topic included the external tax system environment, which was represented by tax legislation in Iraq, taxpayers, the level of tax awareness, informants, supporting administrations, the tax judiciary, the accounting profession, technological progress, General budget statements, the media, and the constitution. The third topic showed the practical aspect through hypothesis testing. The fourth topic came with the most important conclusions, which is that the taxpayer has the right to choose the appropriate measurement method provided that it is not changed from year to year except with the approval of the tax administration, meaning that the accepted measurement procedures are tax-acceptable unless such a procedure is prohibited or specified a method in its own right. Measurement methods. We also recommend that in order to calculate the tax profit, amendments must be made to its financial legislation and instructions
Reports on the topic "Professional legitimacy"
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Berdan, Robert, Terrence Wiley, and Magaly Lavadenz. California Association for Bilingual Education (CABE) Position Statement on Ebonics. Center for Equity for English Learners, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.statement.1997.1.
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In this position statement, the authors write in support of Ebonics (also known as African American Vernacular English, Black English, Black Dialect, and African American Language) as a legitimate language. The linguistic and cultural origins of Ebonics is traced, along with its legitimacy by professional organizations and the courts. CABE asserts that the role of schools and teachers is therefore to build on students’ knowledge of Ebonics rather than replace or eradicate Ebonics as they teach standard English. This position statement has implications for teacher training.