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Journal articles on the topic 'Professional inequalities'
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Wendt, Andrea, Luana Patrícia Marmitt, Bruno P. Nunes, Samuel C. Dumith, and Inácio Crochemore-Silva. "Socioeconomic inequalities in the access to health services: a population-based study in Southern Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 2 (February 2022): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022272.03052021.
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Abstract This article aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities regarding access to health services, contact with health professionals, and specific health interventions. This was a cross-sectional population-based study with individuals aged 18 years or older, living in the city of Rio Grande. The outcomes were the following: Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage; having a health insurance plan; receiving a visit of a community health worker; medical consultation; dental consultation; dietary counseling; having a class with a physical education professional; flu vaccination; mammography, cytopathological and prostate exams. Relative and absolute measures were used to assess inequalities in the distribution of the outcomes. There was a response rate of 91% (1,300 adults were interviewed). Coverage indicators ranged from 16.1%, for having a class with a physical education professional, to 80.0% for medical consultation. FHS coverage and visit of a community health agent presented higher proportions among the poorest while outcomes regarding contact with health professionals, screening exams and flu vaccine were more prevalent among richest group. We observed low coverage levels of access to health services and professionals in addition to marked socioeconomic inequalities.
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Chakraborthy, Deepanjana, Tanu Shukla, and Ranjini S. Nadig. "Addressing Educational and Professional Inequalities Through Capability Approach." Mind and Society 12, no. 03 (October 14, 2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-123-20238.
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The study aims to analyse the educational and professional inequalities using the capability approach. . Using the capability approach with distinct secondary datasets, it attempts to comprehend inequalities in understanding the interplay of various attributes leading towards disparities at various levels. Using specific exemplifications, the study shows gender disparity even with the labour force participation representing varied professional roles, representing social oppression at both the fronts of education and professional fronts. The study manifests the intricacies in societal, economic and political factors for understanding the functionalities and capabilities. With a rigorous review of the literature, the study observes the significance of the theoretical perspective in understanding the interplay of inequalities at the micro level that transforms into social oppression using the capability approach.
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Machado, Maria Helena, Maria Carlota de Rezende Coelho, Everson Justino Pereira, Alexandre Oliveira Telles, Joaquim José Soares Neto, Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto, Eleny Guimarães-Teixeira, João Niquice Bembele, Luciana Guedes da Silva, and Filipe Leonel Vargas. "Work conditions and biosafety of health professionals and invisible health workers in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, no. 10 (October 2023): 2809–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10072023en.
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Abstract The present article addresses the work conditions in health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the surveys “Working conditions of healthcare professionals in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil” and “Invisible healthcare workers: work conditions and mental health in the context of Covid-19 in Brazil”, seeking to better understand the working conditions and biosafety of these two distinct and socially unequal professional contingents. Data analysis proves that work conditions were extremely affected due to inadequate infrastructures, strenuous work, biosecurity at risk, exhaustion, fear of contamination and death, strong signs of physical and mental exhaustion, among workers. It also points out the discrimination and inequalities of social rights and professional development that mark the worlds of work highlighted in the surveys, emphasizing the profound inequalities that exist in Brazil and in its regions. It concludes by showing the importance of formulating public policies within the scope of work management in SUS, which ensures the protection, appreciation and reduction of inequalities pointed out in this article.
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Adams, Tracey L., Ian Kirkpatrick, Pamela S. Tolbert, and Justin Waring. "From protective to connective professionalism: Quo Vadis professional exclusivity?" Journal of Professions and Organization 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joaa014.
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Abstract This essay is composed of commentaries from four scholars critically evaluating Noordegraaf’s article ‘Protective or Connective Professionalism? How Connected Professionals Can (Still) Act as Autonomous and Authoritative Experts’. All four scholars, in different ways and from their different perspectives, question the dichotomy at the heart of Noordegraaf’s article, arguing that professionals have always been connective and connected, and moreover, that protective professionalism has not disappeared. They recommend more conceptual development to unpack the changing nature of connectivity and protectionism, as well as more attention to inequalities within and among professions, power, and professional agency.
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Saes, Mirelle de Oliveira, Elizabet Saes-Silva, Suele Manjourany Silva Duro, and Rosália Garcia Neves. "Inequalities in the management of back pain care in Brazil - National Health Survey, 2019." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, no. 2 (February 2023): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232023282.11792022.
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Abstract The aim was to assess the presence of socioeconomic inequalities in the management of back pain among Brazilians. Cross-sectional study with data from the National Health Survey (2019). The management of back pain care was assessed using five outcomes: regular exercise; physiotherapy; use of medications or injections; integrative and complementary practice; regular follow-up with a health professional. The magnitude of inequalities of each outcome in relation to exposures (education and income) was estimated using two indices: slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CIX). Of the 90,846 interviewees, 19,206 individuals (21.1%) reported some chronic back problem. The most prevalent outcomes were use of medications and injections (45.3%), physical exercise (26.3%) and regular follow-up with a health professional (24.7%). The existence of inequalities in the management of back pain in the Brazilian population was evident. The adjusted analysis showed that the richest and most educated performed two to three times more physical exercise, physiotherapy, integrative and complementary practices (ICPS) and regular follow-up with a health professional than the poorest and least educated. Absolute (SII) and relative (CIX) inequalities were significant for all outcomes.
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Pietiläinen, Olli, Mikko Laaksonen, Eero Lahelma, Aino Salonsalmi, and Ossi Rahkonen. "Occupational class inequalities in disability retirement after hospitalisation." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817726618.
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Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether hospitalisation is associated with increased risk of disability retirement differently across four occupational classes. Methods: 170,510 employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland were followed from 1990 to 2013 using national registers for hospitalisations and disability retirement. Increases in the risk of disability retirement after hospitalisation for any cause, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental disorders, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and injuries were assessed across four occupational classes: professional, semi-professional, routine non-manual and manual, using competing risks models. Results: In general, hospitalisation showed a slightly more increased risk of disability retirement in the lower ranking occupational classes. Hospitalisation among women for mental disorders showed a more increased risk in the professional class (hazard ratio 14.73, 95% confidence interval 12.67 to 17.12) compared to the routine manual class (hazard ratio 7.27, 95% confidence interval 6.60 to 8.02). Occupational class differences were similar for men and women. The risk of disability retirement among women increased most in the routine non-manual class after hospitalisation for musculoskeletal disorders and injuries, and most in the professional class after hospitalisation for cardiovascular diseases. The corresponding risks among men increased most in the two lowest ranking classes after hospitalisation for injuries. Conclusions: Ill-health as measured by hospitalisation affected disability retirement in four occupational classes differently, and the effects also varied by the diagnostic group of hospitalisation. Interventions that tackle work disability should consider the impact of ill-health on functioning while taking into account working conditions in each occupational class.
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FREITAS, CARLOS HENRIQUE GONÇALVES, CÍNTIA RODRIGUES, and VALDIR MACHADO VALADÃO JUNIOR. "Sweet & sour: Postcolonial professional kitchens in the postmodernity." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, spe (November 2020): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120190049x.
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Abstract Inequality is a historical issue in Brazil, an inheritance of entangled and interdependent social, economic, political and legal injustices. This article summarizes a research on fine-dining restaurant kitchens in the city of Uberlandia, a major economic and migration hub in central Brazil, seeking to expose instances of inequalities replicated in these organizations. It attempts to offer a critical study of unfolding dialogues between its employees’ perspectives of their socio-cultural contexts and those of the organizations and their own contextual particularities, using the notions of medievality, global city and foodscape as categories of analysis, with further considerations on organization studies, postcolonialism and postmodernity. Its research corpus’ empirical material was collected through shadowing chefs in two restaurants and was analyzed in the light of those categories and considerations. It was possible to interpret that such workers, organizations, and their contexts reproduce symbols, behaviors and representations that may operate as sources of social distinction for their customers, but, paradoxically, may reinforce the inequalities that motivated the research.
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Ip, Athena, Georgia Black, Cecilia Vindrola-Padros, Claire Taylor, Sophie Otter, Madeleine Hewish, Afsana Bhuiya, et al. "Healthcare Professional and Patient Perceptions of Changes in Colorectal Cancer Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Impact on Health Inequalities." Cancer Control 29 (January 2022): 107327482211146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221114615.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people were diagnosed and treated for cancer. We explored healthcare professional and patient perceptions of the main changes to colorectal cancer delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they impacted on socioeconomic inequalities in care. Methods In 2020, using a qualitative approach, we interviewed patients (n = 15) who accessed primary care with colorectal cancer symptoms and were referred for further investigations. In 2021, we interviewed a wide range of healthcare professionals (n = 30) across the cancer care pathway and gathered national and local documents/guidelines regarding changes in colorectal cancer care. Results Changes with the potential to exacerbate inequalities in care, included: the move to remote consultations; changes in symptomatic triage, new COVID testing procedures/ways to access healthcare, changes in visitor policies and treatment (e.g., shorter course radiotherapy). Changes that improved patient access/convenience or the diagnostic process have the potential to reduce inequalities in care. Discussion Changes in healthcare delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic have the ongoing potential to exacerbate existing health inequalities due to changes in how patients are triaged, changes to diagnostic and disease management processes, reduced social support available to patients and potential over-reliance on digital first approaches. We provide several recommendations to help mitigate these harms, whilst harnessing the gains.
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MIHAIL, Rarita, and Mihaela BARONI. "Inegalităţi de gen şi mecanisme discriminatorii pe piaţa muncii." Analele Universității „Dunărea de Jos” din Galați. Fascicula XX, Sociologie / The Annals of ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle XX, Sociology, no. 16 (March 6, 2022): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/socio/2021.01.
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This study is part of a project funded by the European Union aimed at supporting equal opportunities and professional promotion of women in the project implementation counties: Galaţi, Brăila, Vaslui and Călăraşi. Our research starts from the premise that employment, pay or promotion conditions may limit women's participation in the labour market. In today's Romanian society, multiple inequalities between women and men persist on the labour market, in professional and social life. Even though the status of women in society has changed considerably compared to previous decades, women and men do not have the same opportunities in terms of educational and professional path or family life. The aim of this study is to analyse gender inequalities and discriminatory practices that affect both employed women and those who want to enter the labour market. Although anti-discrimination laws and measures exist, they are neither sufficient nor effective to ensure equal opportunities for women in the field of professional relations. These need to be reinforced by education and public policies that integrate the gender equality dimension and create equal development opportunities for women and men.
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PAILOT, Philippe, Stephanie CHASSERIO, Typhaine LEBÈGUE, and Corinne POROLI. "Les inégalités dans l’entrepreneuriat des femmes : proposition d’un cadre d’analyse bidimensionnel catégoriel et relationnel." Management international 27, no. 4 (2023): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-cjk0-wqrg.
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The literature on women’s entrepreneurship largely denounces the inequalities faced by women entrepreneurs. By combining a categorical approach (aiming to apprehend the question of inequalities in terms of stereotypical categorical assignment which can be variable according to the subcategories of women entrepreneurs) and a relational approach (intended to identify the logics of cultural devaluation and the denial of recognition of which women are the target), we propose a framework based on a meta-analysis of the literature to apprehend the complexity of the situations of professional and social inequalities experienced by women entrepreneurs, while taking into account their diversity.
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FREITAS, CARLOS HENRIQUE GONÇALVES, CÍNTIA RODRIGUES, and VALDIR MACHADO VALADÃO JUNIOR. "Agridoce: cozinhas profissionais pós-coloniais na pós-modernidade." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, spe (November 2020): 807–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120190049.
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Abstract Inequality is a historical issue in Brazil, an inheritance of entangled and interdependent social, economic, political and legal injustices. This article summarizes a research on fine-dining restaurant kitchens in the city of Uberlandia, a major economic and migration hub in central Brazil, seeking to expose instances of inequalities replicated in these organizations. It attempts to offer a critical study of unfolding dialogues between its employees’ perspectives of their socio-cultural contexts and those of the organizations and their own contextual particularities, using the notions of medievality, global city and foodscape as categories of analysis, with further considerations on organization studies, postcolonialism and postmodernity. Its research corpus’ empirical material was collected through shadowing chefs in two restaurants and was analyzed in the light of those categories and considerations. It was possible to interpret that such workers, organizations, and their contexts reproduce symbols, behaviors and representations that may operate as sources of social distinction for their customers, but, paradoxically, may reinforce the inequalities that motivated the research.
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Leung, Wai-Ching. "Why the professional-Client Ethic is Inadequate in Mental Health Care." Nursing Ethics 9, no. 1 (January 2002): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne480oa.
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Patients who are subject to compulsory care constitute a substantial proportion of the work-load of mental health professionals, particularly psychiatric nurses. This article examines the traditional ‘beneficence-autonomy’ approach to ethics in compulsory psychiatric care and evaluates it against the reality of daily practice. Risk to the public has always been an important but often unacknowledged consideration. Inequalities exist among ethnic and socio-economic groups and there is a lack of agreement on what constitutes mental disorder. Two major changes in compulsory psychiatric care - community orders and care for patients with untreatable severe personality disorders - further challenge the traditional ethical approach. There are also important human rights implications. The simple patient-health professional relationship no longer provides an adequate framework for mental health professionals on which to base their ethical decisions. The public and organizations may have different perspectives and their interests are becoming increasingly important. Mental health professionals, particularly psychiatric nurses, may face ethical dilemmas because of these different perspectives.
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Riano, Yvonne, Katharina Limacher, André Aschwanden, Sophie Hirsig, and Doris Wastl-Walter. "Shaping gender inequalities: critical moments and critical places." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-12-2013-0112.
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Purpose – There is much scientific interest in the connection between the emergence of gender-based inequalities and key biographical transition points of couples in long-term relationships. Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to filling this gap by addressing the following questions: what are the critical biographical moments when gender (in)equalities within a relationship begin to arise and consolidate? Which biographical decisions precede and follow such critical moments? How does decision making at critical moments impact the opportunities of both relationship partners in gaining equal access to paid employment? Design/methodology/approach – These questions are addressed from the perspectives of intersectionality and economic citizenship. Biographical interviewing is used to collect the personal and professional narratives of Swiss-, bi-national and migrant couples. The case study of a Swiss-Norwegian couple illustrates typical processes by which many skilled migrant women end up absently or precariously employed. Findings – Analysis reveals that the Scandinavian woman’s migration to Switzerland is a primary and critical moment for emerging inequality, which is then reinforced by relocation (to a small town characterized by conservative gender values) and the subsequent births of their children. It is concluded that factors of traditional gender roles, ethnicity and age intersect to create a hierarchical situation which affords the male Swiss partner more weight in terms of decision making and career advancement. Practical implications – The paper’s findings are highly relevant to the formulation of policies regarding gender inequalities and the implementation of preventive programmes within this context. Originality/value – Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The originality of this paper is to fill this research gap; to include migration as a critical moment for gender inequalities; to use an intersectional and geographical perspective that have been given scant attention in the literature; to use the original concept of economic citizenship; and to examine the case of a bi-national couple, which has so far not been examined by the literature on couple relationships.
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Karmaeva, Natalia, Tatjana Khavenson, and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova. "Higher Educaton and Socio-Professional Status: Mitigation of Gender Inequalities in Russia." Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 3 (2020): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250008811-5.
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Platts, Chris, and Andy Smith. "‘Money, money, money?’ The development of financial inequalities in English professional football." Soccer & Society 11, no. 5 (September 2010): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2010.497365.
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Andrusyak, Iryna. "Gender prospects in professional activity and gender inequalities in the labor market." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 2018, no. 902 (September 20, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2018.902.026.
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Niewiadomska-Cudak, Małgorzata. "ECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN IN POLAND." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas w Sosnowcu. Pedagogika 2(26) (December 31, 2022): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.3266.
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The article concerns the payment disparities of men and women in the d City Hall. The purpose of the paper is to explain the phenomenon concerning the difference in average wages of men and women employed on the basis of employment contracts according to the positions held in the City Hall of d, as of March 3, 2021. An attempt to establish the reasons of pay differentials was made. The presented assessment of processes and their influence on this gender pay gap, especially among employees holding managerial positions, indicates the reason of pay inequalities.
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Sajid, Fatima Bint, Wajeeha Binte Sajid, Aruba Jamal, Syed Shafaat Hussain, and Noman Adil. "Gender Inequalities that Hinder the Professional Growth of Female Doctors and Trainees." Annals of King Edward Medical University 29, Spl3 (January 16, 2024): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29ispl3.5581.
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Madam, Gender inequality is defined as inequality regarding sex or gender in which one sex or gender is consistently preferred or emphasised above other. Gender disparity is thought to have existed for countless years, with women supposed to be providers at home while men anticipated as leaders with professions outside the home. (1)
Implicit biases have an adverse effect on women's careers in medicine and contribute to imposter syndrome, exhaustion, underrepresentation in leadership roles, income inequality, poorer advancement, and less favourable reviews. Gender bias in the promotion process or in the ladder for progression may be a factor for the slower development of women in academic medicine, with fewer women at each succeeding level of career promotion. Men, for example, earn more honours from professional medical associations, whereas women obtain less opportunities to talk at large conferences. According to a 2014 poll of 1066 physicians who received career advancement awards, 66% of women and about 10% of men reported personal gender bias. (1)
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Allain, Samuel, Diane Naouri, Thomas Deroyon, Vianney Costemalle, and Jean-Baptiste Hazo. "Income and professional inequalities in chronic diseases: prevalence and incidence in France." Public Health 228 (March 2024): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.022.
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Zlatanović, Milena, Ljiljana Antić, Dragan Radosavljević, Dragan Antić, Mile Despotović, Jelena Aleksandrić, and Deana Švaljug. "Inequalities in the education of midwives in Europe." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 38, no. 4 (2021): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/afmnai38-31352.
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Although midwifery in Serbia has a long tradition, in the last decades, and especially in the last years since the Republic of Serbia is in the process of joining the European Union, this profession faces numerous challenges both in the context of formal education and the role that in the 21st century midwife has in practice. The midwife profession is faced with numerous challenges related to demographic trends and demands and expectations of a contemporary woman. The aim of the paper was to examine the difference in standards in the education of midwives in Serbia, and the neighbouring countries and Europe. Professional publications related to education and practice of midwives, published in Serbia, the neighbouring countries and Europe have been used. According to the presentation of standards and competencies of midwives in Serbia and education standards under Directive 2005/36/EZ and 2013/55/EU as well as the role and tasks midwives have in our country and European countries, there is a need for harmonization of standards in the education of midwife nurses and accreditation of joint study programs of professional master studies for nurses and midwives within the educational system of Serbia, all in the context of new paradigm of health care, which implies a holistic approach to women's health, a personalized approach and a self-protection concept. It is necessary to reform the education system of midwives in Serbia in accordance with the requirements of Directive2005/36/EZ, 2013/55/EU.
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Highton, Melissa. "Biases and power: Understanding of the experiences and perceptions of workplace EDI amongst digital leaders in higher education." Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56433/jpaap.v11i1.540.
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The professional experiences and identities of staff working in IT roles in higher education is currently an under researched area leading to a gap in understanding of how these staff experience and contribute to diversity in their institutions. Digital leadership is an emerging area of leadership studies with increasing importance where academic and professional teams work together as allies in addressing structural inequalities embedded in systems of learning, teaching, promotion and support. This article draws upon data gathered through semi-structured interviews with digital leaders in universities in Scotland. Data were analysed using an interpretative feminist framework to surface themes of workplace diversity, equity and inclusion which challenge stereotypes around the professional roles and identities of people who work in digital. The article highlights the importance of insight into the context in which digital leaders are providing expertise and evidence for decision-making at all levels in universities. Recommendations for senior management, academic staff and human resources professionals are offered, as are areas for further research and policy making.
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Gusmão, Aline Cristina, Tatiane Costa Meira, Franciana Cristina Cavalcante Nunes dos Santos, and Silvia Ferrite. "Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences in Workers’ Health Reference Centres in Brazil." Revista CEFAC 20, no. 6 (December 2018): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216201820621117.
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ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate the presence of Speech-Language and Hearing (SLH) professionals in the teams of Workers’ Health Reference Centres (Centros de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador - CEREST) in Brazil, their distribution and features related to inclusion and activities. Methods: a descriptive, epidemiological study, in which all the CERESTs in the country were units of observation. Primary data were collected by applying a questionnaire to the CEREST Coordinator or one of their designated representatives. Results: 158 of the 199 eligible CERESTs participated in the research. In 2014, 48.1% of these CEREST had an SLH professional on their team, with the highest number in the Southeast and the lowest in the North Region. When present, statutory contracts were the most common form of employment. Approximately 75% of the CEREST with a SLH professional in the team reported surveillance activities in general, as well as actions specific to noise-induced hearing loss and work-related voice disorders. However, in 7.9% of these units, the SLH professionals were exclusively dedicated to clinical care. Conclusion: this study describes and examines the incipient inclusion of SLH professionals in CEREST, providing evidence that indicates regional inequalities and reveals that, despite generally working in health surveillance activities, there remain units where the SLH professionals are only dedicated to specialized care.
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Brennan, Louise, Liz Brewster, Judith Lunn, Fiona Egboko, Dora Pestotnik Stres, Pallavi Patel, and Rachel Isba. "How do hospitals address health inequalities experienced by children and young people: a grey literature scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 13, no. 4 (April 2023): e071682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071682.
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IntroductionHealth inequalities are unfair, systematic differences in health between people. In the UK, the Health and Social Care Act 2012 recognised health inequalities as a responsibility of the National Health Service (NHS). Health inequalities were foregrounded in the publication of 2019 NHS Long Term Plan and during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals are well placed to address health inequalities through their role as anchor institutions. While many hospitals have begun to address inequalities, children are often overlooked or assumed to have the same needs as adult populations. This grey literature scoping review aims to identify, collate and present approaches taken by hospitals to address health inequalities in children and young people.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. A four-step approach to identifying grey literature will be used. Literature will be examined to identify approaches that aim to address health inequalities. Literature must describe the health inequality they aim to address and be initiated by the hospital. It will exclude literature not available in English and published before 2010. Two reviewers will independently review the results of the searches using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool. Study findings will be presented in tabular form detailing the interventions identified.DisseminationThe review will synthesise information on worldwide hospital approaches to addressing child health inequalities. The findings will be used to inform guidelines for children’s hospitals in the UK and will be disseminated through national and international professional bodies, conferences and research papers.
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Bustos, Guadalupe. "Feminizing legal profesion in Santa Rosa: preliminary approach from gender perspective." Perspectivas 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/perspectivas-2021-v11n1a02.
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The present work is part of the research project “Legal professions: impact of gender relations, family roles and care in the strategies of professional integration of lawyers in Santa Rosa”, whose purpose is to make an approximation of the positions that the women lawyers of Santa Rosa (La Pampa) occupy, in the professional work areas of the legal field, and observe how gender and family roles and care responsibilities affect their professional career. It will reflect on the relationship between the training of legal operators in higher education (HE), their professional practices and the re/production of gender stereotypes, since there is still a general collective imaginary that preserves the traditional model of femininity, by which differentiated conceptions of the characteristics and capacities of women and men are imposed on subjectivities. This imaginary acts in the lives of women inside and outside the universities in the form of discrimination, and the subjectivities constructed under these gender differential patterns are what ultimately shape the professional practice of law. The legal profession is conquered by stereotypes and differential gender relations that harm women, and despite the fact that the field of legal university study has been feminized, as well as public and private professional practice, there are still inequalities in the ways in which the legal profession is exercised by men and women. Therefore, it becomes necessary to make a critical theoretical reflection of the process of labor insertion of women lawyers and the relationship between profession, gender, family relations and care of the city of Santa Rosa, this work responding to the dual purpose of evidencing, while promoting the denaturation of gender segregation and inequalities against women.
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Machin, Rosana, Danilo Borges Paulino, Júlia Clara de Pontes, and Raphaela Rezende Nogueira Rodrigues. "Diversity and difference: health professional training challenges." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 10 (October 2022): 3797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222710.07332022en.
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Abstract This paper aims to discuss the issue of diversity from its incorporation into the training of health professionals through the analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) of two Brazilian undergraduate health courses: medicine and psychology. Thus, it debates the concept of diversity from the contribution of the social sciences, considering the multiple concepts in the nature of social and cultural differences, breaking with essentialist concepts of difference. Reflecting on how diversity appears in the curricular guidelines of these courses, it analyzes from recent studies how this has been considered in training and the main challenges. Intersectionality is an essential political theoretical framework to apprehend the articulation of multiple differences and inequalities acting in a dynamic, fluid, and flexible way from particular historical contexts. Thus, it is sensitive to address the issue of diversity in the training of health professionals. We highlight the importance of studying differences, suggesting an analytical framework that articulates discourses, practice, subjectivation, and social relationships.
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Laperrière, Hélène. "Discovering popular education in professional community health care practices." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 16, no. 2 (June 2007): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-07072007000200012.
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Exploring the relationship between popular education and health care as regards to public and community health nursing, a case is made that popular education is more than a pedagogical approach to teaching. Following an inductive strategy, experiential vignettes of the author’s practices and commitments in impoverished Brazilian populations are systematized to identify contributions of popular education in health care. Experiential learning leads to a preferential option for the poor, a reduction of power inequalities between program agents and the people, the use of Observe-Judge-Act methodology and a theory that is realistic in terms of possible changes of consciousness. Popular education fosters both the emergence of tacit nursing care actions and includes those of voiceless populations living in poverty.
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Wypych-Ślusarska, Agata, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, and Ewa Niewiadomska. "Social Inequalities: Do They Matter in Asthma, Bronchitis, and Respiratory Symptoms in Children?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215366.
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Background: Social inequalities (e.g., poverty and low level of education) generate inequalities in health. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationships between indicators of social inequalities and the frequency of respiratory symptoms, asthma, and bronchitis in children. Material and Methods: In 2019, an epidemiological cross-sectional study on 3237 students from elementary schools in Silesia Voivodships (South Poland) was conducted. The students’ parents completed a questionnaire based on the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Social inequalities in the children’s families were determined according to parents’ education and professional status (working vs. unemployed), self-assessment of economic status, and housing conditions. To determine the influence of social factors on the occurrence of asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. Results: Children living in apartments with traces of mold had a higher risk of developing asthma (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.17–1.96; p = 0.002) or bronchitis (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.13–1.72; p = 0.002), wheezing attacks at nights (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.01–1.93), wheezy in the last 12 months (OR = 1.6; 95%CI:1.24–2.08; p < 0.001), and chronic cough (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.49–2.46; p < 0.001). Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was associated with higher risk of cough (OR = 1.5 95%CI: 1.22–1.96; p < 0.001) and dyspnea in the last 12 months (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.04–2.00; p = 0.02). Low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with increased risk of chronic cough (OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.09–2.03; p = 0.009) and increased risk of wheezy in the last 12 months (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.06–1.97; p = 0.008). Asthma and bronchitis were not dependent on parents’ education or professional status. Conclusions: Social inequalities have significant impacts on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, and asthma in children. Interventions aimed at preventing bronchitis and childhood asthma should also focus on social health determinants.
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Schoon, Ingrid, and Elzbieta Polek. "Teenage career aspirations and adult career attainment: The role of gender, social background and general cognitive ability." International Journal of Behavioral Development 35, no. 3 (May 2011): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025411398183.
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In this paper we examine the associations between gender, family background, general cognitive ability (g), teenage career aspirations, and career attainment in mid adulthood drawing on two large representative samples of the British population born in 1958 (N = 6,474) and in 1970 (N = 5,081). A developmental-contextual model of career development is tested, using Structural Equation Modelling to map the pathways linking early experiences to adult outcomes. Results show that in both cohorts career aspirations measured at age 16 predict career attainment of cohort members in their mid 30s, even after controlling for family social background and general cognitive ability. Compared to their less ambitious peers, those with aspirations for a professional job are more likely to participate in further education, and are more likely to achieve a professional career in their adult years. Regarding gender differences in career pathways, the findings suggest that women are more ambitious in their occupational aspirations than men and more likely to participate in further education. However, despite reducing gender inequalities in attainment, social inequalities in educational and occupational opportunities remain.
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Augusto Reis, Thompson, Aline De Souza Soares, Elenice De Oliveira Oliveira, Jeanne Mayara Alves Da Costa, and Graziela Oste Graziano Cremonezi. "Challenges and Conflicts of the Women in the Search of the Ascension in the Professional Career." Journal of Business Theory and Practice 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jbtp.v6n1p1.
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<p><em>The main objective of this research was to study women in the labor market, pointing to their achievements and challenges faced daily. A bibliographical review of primary and secondary sources is presented on how to construct the various social representations that contribute to the configuration of inequalities between men and women in the labor market. The research is characterized as exploratory. The study was carried out among female professionals of the IES (Higher Education Institution) Administration course in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through questionnaires. It is concluded that the female population is in search of equal rights, and has conquered its space in the labor market, besides being distinguished in its professional career within the organizations.</em></p>
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Gursch, Sarina, Katja Urak, Michael Herold, Stefan Kutschera, Silvia De los Rios Perez, Rebeca Garcia-Betances, Maria Cabrera-Umpierrez, Yolanda Ursa, Wolfgang Slany, and Vesna Krnjic. "Inequalities for Women in Science, Technology and Innovation." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.157.
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There is still a tangible inequality between men and women in many areas of daily life around the world, including professional fields and educational careers. The objective of this study was to analyze the different inequalities in Europe and third countries in America, Asia and Africa regarding the involvement of women and men in education and employment. This study focused on the areas related to Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), three of the most relevant and important areas for the future development of society. The study presented in this paper started with the initial question: "Are there inequalities between women and men in the fields of Science, Technology and Innovation?" This question was followed by an in-depth examination of datasets and studies on women and men who are learning, working, or hold leadership positions in the STI fields. Data and numbers were collected on the workforce, students in higher education, and professional fields. These served to determine and verify the state of the art for women in the fields of STI. Based on the results, presented in the paper, statements can be made regarding inequalities for women in the field of STI. Several efforts are being made in order to promote gender equality in STI. In fact, this has become a strategic issue in Europe, since the Council of the European Union, in its conclusions, invited the Commission and the Member States to consider including the gender perspective within the policy dialogues in bilateral and multilateral agreements with third countries in the STI area. Moreover, several initiatives have been implemented in recent years as part of the strategy for the European Research Area to promote gender equality in research and innovation. One of these initiatives is the Gender STI project, a European research-funded project that aims to integrate gender perspectives in STI into dialogues between Europe and third countries. As part of the initial activities of the project, this study aims to build a deep understanding on the current status of gender equality in STI in these regions and how the gender perspective is currently addressed in policy dialogues.
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Tanaka, Hirokazu, Satoshi Toyokawa, Nanako Tamiya, Hideto Takahashi, Haruko Noguchi, and Yasuki Kobayashi. "Changes in mortality inequalities across occupations in Japan: a national register based study of absolute and relative measures, 1980-2010." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e015764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015764.
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ObjectiveChanges in mortality inequalities across socioeconomic groups have been a substantial public health concern worldwide. We investigated changes in absolute/relative mortality inequalities across occupations, and the contribution of different diseases to inequalities in tandem with the restructuring of the Japanese economy.MethodsUsing complete Japanese national death registries from 5 year intervals (1980–2010), all cause and cause specific age standardised mortality rates (ASMR per 100 000 people standardised using the Japanese standard population in 1985, aged 30–59 years) across 12 occupations were computed. Absolute and relative inequalities were measured in ASMR differences (RDs) and ASMR ratios (RRs) among occupations in comparison with manufacturing workers (reference). We also estimated the changing contribution of different diseases by calculating the differences in ASMR change between 1995 and 2010 for occupations and reference.ResultsAll cause ASMRs tended to decrease in both sexes over the three decades except for male managers (increased by 71% points, 1995–2010). RDs across occupations were reduced for both sexes (civil servants 233.5 to −1.9 for men; sales workers 63.3 to 4.5 for women) but RRs increased for some occupations (professional workers 1.38 to 1.70; service workers 2.35 to 3.73) for men and decreased for women from 1980 to 2010. Male relative inequalities widened among farmer, fishery and service workers, because the percentage declines were smaller in these occupations. Cerebrovascular disease and cancer were the main causes of the decrease in mortality inequalities among sexes but the incidence of suicide increased among men, thereby increasing sex related inequalities.ConclusionsAbsolute inequality trends in mortality across occupations decreased in both sexes, while relative inequality trends were heterogeneous in Japan. The main drivers of narrowing and widening mortality inequalities were cerebrovascular disease and suicide, respectively. Future public health efforts will benefit from eliminating residual inequalities in mortality by considering the contribution of the causes of death and socioeconomic status stratification.
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Duta, Adriana, and Cristina Iannelli. "Social Class Inequalities in Graduates’ Labour Market Outcomes: The Role of Spatial Job Opportunities." Social Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci7100201.
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This paper provides new important evidence on the spatial dimension of social class inequalities in graduates’ labour market outcomes, an aspect largely overlooked within the existing literature. Using data from the HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Early and Longitudinal Survey (DLHE) for the 2008/09 graduate cohort and applying multilevel logistic regression models, we investigate whether and the extent to which social class inequalities in graduates’ occupational outcomes vary depending on the job opportunities in the geographical area where they find employment. By examining different macro-level indicators, we find wider social inequalities by parental social class in areas with fewer opportunities in high professional and managerial occupations and smaller inequalities in areas with more opportunities. Interestingly, this pattern applies only to graduates who moved away from their place of origin. We interpret this finding as the result of selective migration, that is, areas with more opportunities attract the better-qualified graduates irrespective of their social origin. Finally, graduates’ HE experiences—in particular, their field of study—and sector of employment explain most of the social class gap in areas with fewer job opportunities.
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Higginbotham, Nick, and Linda Connor. "Professional Ideology and the Construction of Western Psychiatry in Southeast Asia." International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j3a3-bx0e-lj26-5abt.
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This article provides a critical examination of the professional ideology associated with the expansion of psychiatric treatment in the ASEAN countries of Southeast Asia. Four components of professional ideology are identified: appeal to “modernization”; medicalization of social problems; integration of psychiatry with primary health care; and panhuman uniformity of mental illness. However, the adoption of psychiatric technology has been a significant factor in the erosion of indigenous systems of social and psychological support since the colonial period. Contemporary psychiatric practices are also shown to exacerbate social inequalities, enhance state control of the populace, and continue to operate without adequate validation of diagnoses and treatments.
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Christiano, Kevin J. "Salaries and Race in Professional Baseball: Discrimination 10 Years Later." Sociology of Sport Journal 5, no. 2 (June 1988): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.5.2.136.
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A series of multiple regression analyses using the most recent publicly available data on the salaries of veteran hitters in major league baseball uncovers little evidence of economic discrimination by race. Comparisons of unstandardized regression coefficients for player variables, by race and position, reveal a number of instances of inequality. However, these inequalities do not occur consistently with respect to the same type of performance, nor do they always place blacks at a disadvantage. Furthermore, blacks who do not enjoy the market power granted to players by the advent of free agency are not uniformly victimized by discrimination in salaries. Instead, the newest evidence suggests that signs of salary discrimination that were found in data on hitters from the 1977 season are not manifest 10 years later.
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Mourelou, Daphne. "Aspects of Professional Dance Education in Greece." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2016 (2016): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2016.38.
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My PhD research focuses on public professional dance education in Greece. The two Greek schools that are free of tuition constitute the research field: the State School of Dance and the Professional Dance School of the Greek National Opera. The theoretical framework draws from the works of Pierre Bourdieu on the concepts of field, habitus, and capital, as well as from Bryan Turner, Steven Wainwright, and Clare Williams's adaption of them for the field of dance and also, the works of Michel Foucault on the concepts of discipline and the technologies of the self. The material has been collected through a combination of student/faculty interviews and field observation. The basic points of the research are the student selection process and possible inequalities that might take root throughout the three-year education, the aesthetic canon of each academy and the impact on teaching and identity formation, the disciplinary methods and the technologies that the students form, the role of gender, the shape of the dancer's body, and the relation between the educational and the market field. These aspects are considered through a critical perspective, in close relation to the historical configuration of the Greek and the international dance field.
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Reichert, A., and R. Jacobs. "Socioeconomic inequalities in duration of untreated psychosis: evidence from administrative data in England." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 822–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002197.
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BackgroundDuration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important measure of access to care as it predicts prognosis and treatment outcomes. Little is known about potential socioeconomic inequalities in DUP. The aim of this study was to investigate inequalities in DUP associated with socioeconomic deprivation in a national cohort in England.MethodWe analysed a cohort of 887 patients with a first-episode in psychosis using the administrative Mental Health Services Dataset in England for 2012/13-2014/15. We used a Generalised Linear Model to account for non-linearity in DUP and looked at inequalities across the whole distribution of DUP using quantile regression.ResultsThe median DUP was 22 days (mean = 74 days) with considerable variations between and within the 31 hospital providers. We found evidence of significant inequalities regarding the level of socioeconomic deprivation. Patients living in the second, third and fourth deprived neighbourhood quintiles faced a 36, 24 and 31 day longer DUP than patients from the least deprived neighbourhoods. Inequalities were more prevalent in higher quantiles of the DUP distribution. Unemployment prolonged DUP by 40 days. Having been in contact with mental health care services prior to the psychosis start significantly reduced the DUP by up to 53 days.ConclusionsSocioeconomic deprivation is an important factor in explaining inequalities in DUP. Policies to improve equitable access to care should particularly focus on preventing very long delays in treatment and target unemployed patients as well as people that have not been in contact with any mental health professional in the past.
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Choroszewicz, Marta, and Fiona Kay. "The use of mobile technologies for work-to-family boundary permeability: The case of Finnish and Canadian male lawyers." Human Relations 73, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 1388–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726719865762.
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This article explores work–family interface and the use of mobile technologies (MTs) among male lawyers in Quebec (French Canada) and Finland – two civil law contexts with reputations for legislation friendly toward work–family balance. Drawing on 34 interviews with male lawyers and combining two theoretical lenses, shifting ideals of fatherhood and work–family boundary theory, our study shows how men’s preferences for work–family boundary management relate to diversifying models of fatherhood and family. In Finland, male lawyers more readily embrace family responsibilities and they strive to set firm boundaries to curtail work spilling over into family life. Yet, the cultural and professional norm of men as breadwinners remains strong, especially for Canadian male lawyers whose spouses more often assume primary responsibility for childcare. Our study offers qualitative markers of boundary management styles and strategies (spatial, temporal, and psychological) of male professionals – as struggling segmentors, struggling integrators, and integrators. We observe that senior male lawyers, living in more traditional family models, frequently model integrating behaviours, such as around-the-clock availability via MTs. This modeling establishes expectations of what represents a committed professional worthy of promotion. These practices play an important role in sustaining and reproducing gender inequalities in organisations that employ professionals.
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Alacovska, Ana, and Dave O’Brien. "Genres and inequality in the creative industries." European Journal of Cultural Studies 24, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 639–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13675494211006095.
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Genres organize and facilitate cultural, creative and media production and consumption but are rarely central categories in extant research on creative industries. With this editorial article, we aim to reassert, reassess and revisit the salience of genres for understanding inequalities in the cultural and creative industries. We argue that genres, as classificatory devices, structure and order a gendered and racialized division of labour and occupational practice. Genres sanction what is and what is not aesthetically and ethically appropriate to do and think within specific textual categories and, hence also, within genre-specific production cultures. Genres draw boundaries, shaping and normalizing the gendered and racialized professional values and norms that underpin unequal patterns of access, distinction and career advancement within creative occupations. Cultural producers, in turn, are compelled to forge professional genre identities at the same time as constantly having to negotiate their gender and racial fitness to work and prosper in specific categories of cultural production. The contributions to this special issue elucidate, through a plethora of methodological and theoretical approaches, the links between genres and persisting inequalities across the book, screen and music industries.
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Crowe, Rachel. "Factors contributing to maternal health inequalities for women who are not white British in the UK." British Journal of Midwifery 30, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2022.30.3.160.
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Background Women of non-white British ethnicity have a higher maternal mortality risk for reasons not yet fully understood, and report significant concerns about stereotypes, racism and overall dissatisfaction in care. This study aimed to examine what midwives perceive to be contributing factors to ethnic disparity in maternity care. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted to find contemporaneous, relevant studies which were appraised for inclusion and quality. Four qualitative studies were included. Results Midwives spoke about practical, cultural and logistical concerns that contribute to health inequalities; none mentioned racism. Three themes emerged: relationship barriers, logistical barriers and a sense of us vs them. Three areas of us vs them were explored: ‘incongruent expectations’, ‘structural racism, stereotypes and implicit bias’ and ‘culture vs professional accountability’. Conclusions Further research into the impact of implicit bias is needed to adequately address health inequalities for non-white British women. A national strategy could be used to set expectations for women accessing UK maternity services early in pregnancy. Midwives need to be empowered and supported to thoroughly document women's choices so that their professional responsibilities are met.
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Machado, Maria Helena, Francisco Campos, Ana Estela Haddad, Pedro Miguel dos Santos Neto, Antônio Vieira Machado, Vanessa Gabrielle Diniz Santana, Helena da Conceição Ouana Marengue, Renato Penha de Oliveira Santos, Clara Cacilda Mauaie, and Neyson Pinheiro Freire. "Transformations in the world of healthcare work: workers and future challenges." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, no. 10 (October 2023): 2773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232810.10702023en.
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Abstract This article addresses the world of healthcare work, especially in the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (SUS) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. This study used data from the following surveys: “Working conditions of health professionals in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil” and “The Invisible health workers: working conditions and mental health in the context of COVID-19 in Brazil”. Data analysis proves that the pandemic highlighted existing structural problems within SUS, involving the issue of healthcare workforce (HWF) management, which can be interpreted as another reflection of the socioeconomic inequalities that already exist in the country. This article highlights: the reduced provision of permanent education, the regulation of hybrid care, precariousness, a lack of protection in the work environment, as well as fragile biosecurity leading to tragic rates of illness and death of health workers. Our study concludes by showing the importance of formulating public policies in the scope of education and work management in SUS that ensure the discussion on hybrid care as a new way of acting without losing quality, together with the need to review issues related to permanent education, protection, valuation, and reduction of inequalities pointed out among the professional contingents analyzed in this article.
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Manske, Alexandra. "Torn between the Old and New World of Work: Insights into the Modernised Semi-Profession of the Fashion IndustryDate submitted: December 31, 2019Date accepted after double-blind review: February 1, 2021." management revue 32, no. 3 (2021): 244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2021-3-244.
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This paper explores how persistent gender inequalities of the old world of work are amplified by the new world of work. Focusing on the fashion industry of Berlin, the article offers insight into a female-dominated field of labour as a particular field of labour of the cultural and creative industries (CCI). The CCI is regarded as a role model for new work. However, they entail deep gender inequalities in terms of segregation, low status and low pay. The paper addresses the question of how these gendered inequalities in the fashion industry are intertwined with its professional mechanisms and training structures. Based on a qualitative study, I argue that the fashion industry is a modernised semi-profession, which has been undergoing a market-driven professionalisation. However, this new pathway into the fashion industry fails to fully professionalise that industry. On contrary, it erects new occupational barriers into the field of labour that help establish high qualified and low qualified fashion work that also aids in polarising the still mostly female workforce in terms of status and rewards. Overall, it should become clear that the fashion industry is torn between the old and new world of work which helps to maintain or even reinforce traditional gender inequalities.
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Atena, Faragalla, and Adriana Tiron-Tudor. "Gender as a Dimension of Inequality in Accounting Organizations and Developmental HR Strategies." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10010001.
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Considering the increasing number of women entering the accounting profession, it is timely to explore the inequalities that still exist and consider what policy processes continue to forge inequalities between men and women. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of accounting and management journals during the period 1994–2017, we assessed the different dynamics that have shaped inequalities between men and women, presenting both the employee and employer perspectives of professional enhancement. The study was framed around conceptualizations of gendered organizations and highlighted how cultural and social practices impact men and women differently. Our study found there are still organization practices that have profound gendered effects. Our study shows that there are contemporary human resource (HR) practices of recruitment, selection, and advancement; perceptions of visibility and invisibility at work; motherhood and childcare responsibilities; and finally, discourses of the glass ceiling that constitute organization and societal barriers that limit women’s career progression. Most importantly we reveal that constraints nowadays are similar to those identified in the 90s. We explored these gendered constructions and suggest relevant HR strategies that can aid women’s advancement.
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De Lima Hutchison, Coll, and Andrea Núñez Casal. "Sustaining (Dis)Embodied Inequalities in the(ir) Eurocene: Ancient Microbes, Racial Anthropometry, and Life Choices." Medicine Anthropology Theory 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17157/mat.10.2.7105.
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Racialisation and colonialism are central to sustaining (dis)embodied inequalities. We bring together our distinct ethnographic projects to explore this. The first project accompanied a microbiome expedition involving Amazonian Indigenous non/human communities, whereas the second project focussed on medical professional’ encounters with Mbya Guarani communities in the Atlantic Forest region. Both projects explore racialised assumptions of human difference and colonial extractive practices. In the case of medical intervention with the Mbya, and their forms of life, this is perpetuated through the imposition of anthropometric growth standards. With the human microbiome initiatives, identifying Indigenous Peoples as potential reservoirs for novel probiotics also ultimately amplifies racialised (dis)embodied inequalities. Rather than these interventions addressing such disembodied equalities, we draw parallels between the two, to show that they perpetuate them. Finally, we propose that part of ceasing to reproduce these (dis)embodied inequalities requires ‘us’ to challenge the racialised and colonial histories of the life and geological sciences, to recognise their embodied consequences in the present, as well as how they are implicated in emergent proposals for new geological ‘-cenes’.
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Papakonstantinidis, Stavros. "The use of social media in reducing professional uncertainty: an exploratory study." Nowadays and Future Jobs 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/nfj.1.2017.01.
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The born-digital youth are likely to experience substantial career uncertainty despite their apparent preference for work engagement. Today’s high unemployment rates, fierce global competition, growing labor automation, and enduring social inequalities create a somewhat uncertain and risky professional reality. How do digital natives deal with professional uncertainty during their transition from the safety of the university environment to the uncertainty of business? While a great deal of research has explored how recruiters use social media to review job applicants, less is known how digital natives use social media in seeking information to increase their employment prospects. The objective of this exploratory study is to contribute to the existing literature of critical studies on youth transitions from education to work. Primarily, a discussion of the characteristics of the new breed of job candidates who are born and raised digital is performed through a secondary literature review. Also, the current review paper provides suggestions for future research to better understand digital natives’ attitude to cope with occupational uncertainty. This paper argues that social media has the potential to reduce uncertainty and to offer unique occupational opportunities through online personal branding.
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Papakonstantinidis, Stavros. "The use of social media in reducing professional uncertainty: an exploratory study." Nowadays and Future Jobs 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/nfj.1.2017.01-0101-01-01.
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The born-digital youth are likely to experience substantial career uncertainty despite their apparent preference for work engagement. Today’s high unemployment rates, fierce global competition, growing labor automation, and enduring social inequalities create a somewhat uncertain and risky professional reality. How do digital natives deal with professional uncertainty during their transition from the safety of the university environment to the uncertainty of business? While a great deal of research has explored how recruiters use social media to review job applicants, less is known how digital natives use social media in seeking information to increase their employment prospects. The objective of this exploratory study is to contribute to the existing literature of critical studies on youth transitions from education to work. Primarily, a discussion of the characteristics of the new breed of job candidates who are born and raised digital is performed through a secondary literature review. Also, the current review paper provides suggestions for future research to better understand digital natives’ attitude to cope with occupational uncertainty. This paper argues that social media has the potential to reduce uncertainty and to offer unique occupational opportunities through online personal branding.
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Aleksandrova, Valentina, and Klara Dokova. "PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES AND CONTENT OF THE UNDEGRADUATE PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN EUROPE." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5404707a.
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Sufficient number of competent public health professionals are an important prerequisit for the normalfunctioning of the health systems. At present, the number and type of institutions carrying out undergraduate educationand training in public health varies broadly both in Europe and the USA. There is a lack of clarity on how much therequirements for professional public health competencies are covered by the content of undergraduate public healthprograms in Europe. Purpose: To analyse the content of Bachelor Public Health programmes in Europe, in relation tothe requirements for professional competences introduced by ASPHER in 2014 (Association of Schools of PublicHealth in the European Region). Methods: An online questionnaire was developed and distributed via the Internetplatform Google Forms to 214 universities in Europe. The electronic survey included 50 questions clarifyingavailability of study subjects and topics from 7 main areas of competences proposed by ASPHER: Methods in PublicHealth; Population Health and Determinants; Health Policy; Economics and Management; Health Education andHealth Promotion; Interdisciplinary subjects; Practical Training and Others. Similar information was extracted from theeducational documentation accessible from the web pages of 74 higher educational institutions offering undergraduateprograms in public health from 19 European countries. Results: Information for 59 undergraduate public healthprogrammes was retrieved, 45 from west and 14 from east Europe. Subjects related to “Health Inequalities”, “GlobalHealth”, “Information Technologies”, “Ageing”, “Leadership”, “Genomics” are available in less than 50% of theprogrammes in both west and east Europe. There is a clear difference between west and east programmes in someaspects. In the central focus of training in PH in Bulgaria and the countries from Eastern Europe are the specializedprevention disciplines related to hygiene and epidemiology of communicable diseases and a considerable number ofclinical disciplines. The latter are less presented in the training in Western European programmes, which are moreoriented towards health policy and management. Conclusions: There is a significant variation in the content and as aresult the professional competences provided by the undergraduate PH education programmes in Europe. Both westand east European undergraduate PH programmes fail to address adequately the present global challenges in the areastarting with existing health inequalities. Recommendation: There is an urgent need for regulation of public health as abasic regulated health profession in the European Union, which will entail standardization of the content of thebachelor education and will stimulate the recognition and the importance of the profession across Europe as well.
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Melville-Wiseman, Janet. "Professional sexual abuse in mental health services: Capturing practitioner views of a contemporary corruption of care." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 15, no. 3 (November 18, 2015): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v15i3.830.
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This paper focuses on practitioner views of professional sexual abuse in mental health services in the UK. In spite of high profile cases, and changes to the law and regulation of mental health professionals in recent years, it remains a significant problem. It also presents particular challenges for colleagues and managers of services when incidents are reported or come to light through everyday practice. To date it has received little attention in research other than from within psychological therapies. This study seeks to provide a counter balance to those approaches by taking a social inequalities perspective and focusing on systemic and institutional dimensions. It draws comparisons with Wardaugh and Wilding’s (1993) theory of the ‘corruption of care’ and argues that even when mental health care is provided in the community it can still become corrupted. The paper presents the findings of a small scale study of practitioner perspectives on the subject. The findings tentatively suggest that the problem is endemic but hidden by ineffective management responses. It argues for new approaches to selection, training and support for professionals that include counter intuitive approaches to policing colleagues and institutional cultures.
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Carvalho, Nayara Rodrigues, Andréia Patrícia Gomes, Érica Toledo de Mendonça, Amanda Morais Polati, Vanessa De Souza Amaral, Tiago Ricardo Moreira, and Deíse Moura de Oliveira. "The development of skills in Primary Health Care nurses for coping with social inequalities in health." Ciência e Natura 43 (May 18, 2021): e11-43416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x43416.
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The objective of this study was to identify and develop skills with Primary Health Care nurses to work the social inequalities in health. This is a qualitative research based on action-research, performed with six primary health care nurses in a municipality of Minas Gerais, who participated in educational workshops addressing coping strategies for social inequalities in health. The data collection occurred through a focal group and non-participant observation, from March to May 2018. The data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis technique. The identification and training of skills to cope with this was founded on knowledge, skills and attitudes. The participants stressed the importance of knowing their role in the scenario where they work, as well as the functioning of the Health Care Network and legislation to support them to coping with this problem, being the communicational skills essential in this process. The knowledge acquired in the workshop enabled participants to recognize attitudes in their professional routine, which enable them to act in the face of this reality. The present study indicates the importance of appreciating and strengthening the training of nurses for the development of competences to act on social inequalities.
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BLACKMAN, TIM, and KATIE DUNSTAN. "Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Health Inequalities: Investigating Reasons for Differential Progress with Narrowing Local Gaps in Mortality." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 3 (February 23, 2010): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409990675.
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AbstractAlthough health inequalities in England reflect underlying deprivation, there is considerable variation among deprived areas in the extent to which these inequalities are narrowing. Using survey data from 15 local authority areas in North West England, and Ragin's technique of Qualitative Comparative Analysis, contextual features and ways of working in these areas are shown to combine in systematic ways with recent trends in inequalities as measured by premature mortality. For circulatory diseases, a narrowing mortality gap showed a clear association with smoking cessation services that accorded with a best practice description, combined with a local population with relatively more people aged 65 or older. For cancers, a narrowing mortality gap was associated with areas that combined relatively low population mobility with a professional working culture described as one of individual commitment and championing. These findings reveal the complexity of meeting health inequality targets and applying evidence to this endeavour, since both ways of working and context appear to be important to making progress. Both need to be understood case by case if targets are to be locally realistic and evidence applied where local practice is known to matter to the outcome.
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Julier, Guy, and Lucy Kimbell. "Keeping the System Going: Social Design and the Reproduction of Inequalities in Neoliberal Times." Design Issues 35, no. 4 (September 2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00560.
Full textAbstract:
The reproduction of inequalities is a necessary product of neoliberal economic systems. Meanwhile, attempts to ameliorate this within social design actually perpetuate this situation. This, we argue, is partly due to the institutional configuration of design whose precarious professional norms mitigate against long-term consolidation. Relatedly, this struggle for recognition produces a kind of performativity of social design that draws the focus of practice away from the problems it seeks to address.