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1
Gorman, Elizabeth H., and Steven P. Valas, eds. Professional Work: Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0277-2833202034.
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Gorman, Elizabeth, and Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work: Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
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Gorman, Dr Elizabeth, Dr Elizabeth Gorman, and Prof Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work: Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing, 2020.
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Gorman, Elizabeth, and Steven P. Vallas. Professional Work: Knowledge, Power and Social Inequalities. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City: Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Migrant Professionals in the City: Local Encounters, Identities, and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City: Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Meier, Lars. Migrant Professionals in the City: Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Moreau, M. Inequalities in the Teaching Profession: A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Moreau, M. Inequalities in the Teaching Profession: A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2014.
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Inequalities in the Teaching Profession: A Global Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
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Egginton, Heidi, and Zoë Thomas, eds. Precarious Professionals: Gender, Identities and Social Change in Modern Britain. University of London, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/202110.9781912702633.
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'Precarious Professionals' uncovers the inequalities and insecurities which lay at the heart of professional life in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain. The book challenges conventional categories in the history of work, exploring instead the everyday labour of maintaining a professional identity on the margins of the traditional professions. Situating new historical perspectives on gender at the forefront of their research, the contributors explore how professional cultures could not only define themselves against, but often flourished outside of, the confines of patriarchal codes and structures. Putting the lives of precarious professionals in dialogue with master narratives in modern British history, the chapters in this volume re-evaluate the relationship between professional identity and social change. The collection offers twelve fascinating studies of women and men who held positions in art and science, high culture and popular journalism, private enterprise and public service between the 1840s and the 1960s. From pioneering women lawyers and scientists to ballet dancers, secretaries, historians, humanitarian relief workers, social researchers, and Cold War diplomats, the book reveals that precarity was a thread woven throughout the very fabric of modern professional life, with far-reaching implications for the study of power, privilege, and expertise. Together, these essays enrich our understanding of the histories and mysteries of professional identity and help us to reimagine the future of work in precarious times.
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Mackenbach, Johan P. Health inequalities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831419.001.0001.
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‘Health inequalities—persistence and change in European welfare states’ studies why frequencies of disease, disability, and premature mortality are higher among people with a lower socioeconomic position, even in countries with advanced welfare states. Drawing upon data from 30 countries covering more than three decades, it provides a comprehensive overview of trends and patterns of health inequalities, showing that these are not only ubiquitous and persistent, but also highly variable and dynamic. It provides a critical assessment of recent research into the explanation of health inequalities, discussing methodological pitfalls, summarizing findings from epidemiological, sociological, economic, and genetic studies, and reviewing nine overarching theories. Based on in-depth studies of the determinants of health inequalities in European countries, it shows that the persistence of health inequalities is due to a combination of mostly favourable changes in social stratification, massive but differential health improvements, and persistence of social inequality in material and non-material living conditions. It discusses why social inequality is so persistent, and whether welfare state reform could contribute to reducing health inequalities, and provides a systematic analysis of the inequitableness of health inequalities according to five theories of justice. It reviews recent attempts by European national governments to reduce health inequalities, showing that it is realistic to expect evidence-based policies to reduce absolute but not relative inequalities in health. This title is written for scientists and advanced students from various disciplines, as well as for public health professionals and policymakers, and is profusely illustrated and referenced.
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Migrant Professionals in the City : Local Encounters, Identities, and Inequalities: Local Encounters, Identities and Inequalities. Routledge, 2014.
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Duffy, Brooke Erin. Production Tensions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037962.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how convergence-related transformations are redefining what it means to be a magazine producer and how this differentiates those who work in magazine production from other individuals, organizations, and industries involved in the production of culture. It considers how these changes are leading to increased demands on workers, interorganizational tensions, and a professional culture that tends to favor certain types of people. It also explores whether this emergent professional culture has the potential to reproduce gender hierarchies and other social inequalities. The chapter suggests that the concurrent trends of multi-skilled labor and consumer co-creative practices in the digital age have resulted in a further deprofessionalization of roles and positions within women's magazines. However, the effects of this deprofessionalization are being felt unevenly across the industry, and decision-making power is firmly locked into traditional organizational hierarchies.
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Djupe, Paul A., Anand Edward Sokhey, and Amy Erica Smith. The Knowledge Polity. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197611913.001.0001.
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The Knowledge Polity advances a holistic view of knowledge production in the social sciences. The familiar publication pipeline metaphor stresses the individual; we move beyond such a conception, offering a vision of academics as members of a knowledge polity where citizenship comes with rights and responsibilities. Knowledge production does not just mean research, but encompasses teaching, reviewing, blogging, commenting, and other activities, which together signal its communal, civic nature. Our explanation for knowledge production situates academics in institutional and social contexts, including the family, while maintaining individual agency. We search for inequalities in scholarly output, service and resources by gender and racial/ethnic identification, but are careful to consider the changing compositions of disciplines and different situations (e.g., faculty rank) when making comparisons. Data come from our Professional Activity in the Social Sciences (PASS) study, which sampled academic departments in sociology and political science in 2017. Roughly 1,700 faculty responses were linked to data on lifetime publications, Twitter activity, and Google Scholar/other data sources. Across eight empirical chapters, we offer a comprehensive view of these disciplines, documenting inequalities and providing estimates of behaviors that have long been shrouded in anecdote. The volume’s wide-ranging analyses enable scholars and academic communities from across the social and behavioral sciences to make empirically-grounded decisions about their individual and collective futures.
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Jennings, Catriona, Felicity Astin, Donna Fitzsimons, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Lis Neubeck, and David R. Thompson, eds. ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Nursing. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849315.001.0001.
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The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Nursing is the official textbook of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions. It aims to provide in-depth learning for nurses specializing in caring for patients with coronary heart disease, heart failure, valvular disease, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, and inherited cardiovascular conditions. The textbook builds on the ESC Core Curriculum for the Continuing Professional Development of Nurses Working in Cardiovascular Care. The pathology of these conditions is described as well as the normal anatomy and physiology of the heart. While tailoring nursing assessment and interventions to the care of patients with heart disease, the textbook emphasizes high-quality holistic care taking account of the needs of patients with complex comorbidities, as well as their families. The imperative of prevention and rehabilitation in terms of both primary and secondary prevention is confirmed as well as educational, behavioural, and therapeutic interventions. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease is covered including disease burden and inequalities across European regions. Chapters devoted to education and communication and pharmacology are also included. The textbook concludes with a chapter which looks into the future challenges and opportunities for nurses and the evolution of nursing in cardiovascular care. The hope of the editors is that the textbook inspires readers to ask questions, search for answers, and become the best cardiovascular nurses they can be, especially given the strong body of evidence showing that educational provision for nurses increases patient safety and saves lives.
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Bedford, Helen, and David Elliman. Integrating immunizations into the programme. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0016.
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Immunization is a highly successful public health intervention providing protection against serious infectious diseases. UK vaccine uptake rates are generally high, although pockets of lower uptake and social inequalities remain which compromise herd protection. The child health programme provides health professionals opportunities to introduce immunization to parents, offer ongoing information and advice, and remind them when vaccines are due. Improving and maintaining high vaccine rates depends on multicomponent strategies. In view of their relationship with families, health visitors are the key professionals to work with them to ensure that children are immunized fully and in a timely fashion, although in practice they now do not usually deliver vaccines.
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von Möllendorff, Malve. Positioning Diversity in Kenyan Schools: Teaching in the Face of Inequality and Discrimination. African Minds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502333.
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Education is considered key for societies to achieve greater social cohesion and equality. Yet, schools, as the main providers of formal education, have increasingly come into question concerning their role in manifesting and perpetuating social categorisations, inequalities and discrimination instead of decreasing existing fragmentations and challenging power relations and hierarchies. As a diverse society, Kenya is faced with power struggles and rivalries between different groups – for instance, along ethnic lines, often constructed deep in colonial history. This affects teaching and learning in school and the result is that Kenya is faced with vast disparities in terms of educational access and success – rendering some social groups marginalised and others favoured. Positioning Diversity at Kenyan Schools explores the ways in which teachers in Kenyan primary and secondary schools experience and deal with social categorisations and diversity in terms of ethnicity, gender, wealth, culture, religion, etc. in their professional practice and in the current education system. Using critical pedagogy and diversity theory as a lens for positioning diversity in Kenyan schools, the questions that this book sets out to answer are: In what ways do the teachers’ and schools’ practices lead to transformation in terms of more social equality and less discrimination? In what ways do the practices manifest existing group categorisations, hierarchies and discrimination? How can schools and teaching practices in postcolonial Kenya become more inclusive and foster social cohesion and equality?
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Ballakrishnen, Swethaa S. Accidental Feminism. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182537.001.0001.
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In India, elite law firms offer a surprising oasis for women within a hostile, predominantly male industry. Less than 10 percent of the country's lawyers are female, but women in the most prestigious firms are significantly represented both at entry and partnership. Elite workspaces are notorious for being unfriendly to new actors, so what allows for aberration in certain workspaces? This book examines how a range of underlying mechanisms — gendered socialization and essentialism, family structures and dynamics, and firm and regulatory histories — afford certain professionals egalitarian outcomes that are not available to their local and global peers. Juxtaposing findings on the legal profession with those on elite consulting firms, the book reveals that parity arises not from a commitment to create feminist organizations, but from structural factors that incidentally come together to do gender differently. Simultaneously, the book offers notes of caution: while conditional convergence may create equality in ways that more targeted endeavors fail to achieve, “accidental” developments are hard to replicate, and are, in this case, buttressed by embedded inequalities. The book examines whether gender parity produced without institutional sanction should still be considered feminist. In offering new ways to think about equality movements and outcomes, the book forces readers to critically consider the work of intention in progress narratives.
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Holtzman, Benjamin. The Long Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843700.001.0001.
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The Long Crisis explores the origins and implications of one of the most significant developments across the globe over the last fifty years: the diminished faith in government as capable of solving public problems. Conventional accounts of the shift toward market and private sector governing solutions have focused on the rising influence of conservatives, libertarians, and the business sector. The Long Crisis, however, locates the origins of this transformation in the efforts of city-dwellers to preserve liberal commitments of the postwar period. New York faced an economic crisis beginning in the late 1960s that disrupted long-standing assumptions about the services city government could provide. In response, New Yorkers—organized within block associations, nonprofits, and professional organizations—embraced an ethos of private volunteerism and, eventually, of partnership with private business in order to save their communities from neglect. Local liberal and Democratic officials came over time to see such alliances not as stopgap measures, but as legitimate and ultimately permanent features of modern governance. The ascent of market-based policies was driven less by a political assault of pro-market ideologues than by ordinary New Yorkers experimenting with novel ways to maintain robust public services in the face of the city’s budget woes. Local people and officials, The Long Crisis argues, built neoliberalism from the ground up. These shifts toward the market would both exacerbate old racial and economic inequalities and produce new ones that continue to shape metropolitan areas today.
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Hadley, Susan, and Nicole Hahna. Feminist Perspectives in Music Therapy. Edited by Jane Edwards. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199639755.013.7.
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This chapter presents an overview of the developments of feminist perspectives in music therapy. The authors outline the history of feminist thought in music therapy and how this framework applies to the discipline and profession of music therapy. Basic tenets of feminism are described including the importance placed on valuing women’s perspectives, egalitarianism, examining social constructs, examining discursive practices, and empowerment. Additionally, systems of oppression are considered with reference to inequalities that exist within the field of music therapy. The chapter ends with an examination of ways in which a feminist framework can inform assessment, clinical practice, research, ethics, and pedagogy in music therapy.
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Farrugia-Kriel, Kathrina, and Jill Nunes Jensen, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Ballet. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190871499.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Ballet is the first work of its kind to treat contemporary ballet as a genre within ballet history. In contrast to many, the anthology prioritizes connections between communities as it interweaves chapters authored by scholars, critics, choreographers, and working professional dancers. The work broadens the scope of ballet studies in the twenty-first century. In considering contemporary ballet as a noted moment in ballet’s historiography deserved of chronicling and further study, the Handbook provides new perspectives on ballet’s past, present, and future. In an effort to dismantle the linearity of academic canons, the seven parts, and fifty-three chapters within, provide multiple entry points for readers to engage in the balletic discourse through the lenses of dance criticism, choreography, and dance theory. With choices to rename pioneers as “game changers,” an emphasis on composition and process alongside dances created, and the postulation that contemporary ballet is a definitive era, the book carves out space for critical inquiry as it makes plain the inequalities, struggles, and lack of diversity in the form. The chapters can be read independently or collectively, as each contributes valuable, often experiential, knowledge while simultaneously adding to the larger project. Many of the chapters consider whether or not ballet can reconcile its past and actually become present, while others see ballet as flexible and willing to be remolded at the hands of those with tools to do so. The anthology is a resource for the general public as well as researchers; it positions twenty-first-century ballet from an international scope and brings forth contemporary issues and polemics, while pointing to possible directions for the future of the form.
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Shin, Hyun Bang, Murray Mckenzie, and Do Young Oh, eds. COVID-19 in Southeast Asia: Insights for a post-pandemic world. LSE Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31389/lsepress.cov.
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COVID-19 has presented huge challenges to governments, businesses, civil societies, and people from all walks of life, but its impact has been highly variegated, affecting society in multiple negative ways, with uneven geographical and socioeconomic patterns. The crisis revealed existing contradictions and inequalities in society, compelling us to question what it means to return to “normal” and what insights can be gleaned from Southeast Asia for thinking about a post-pandemic world. In this regard, this edited volume collects the informed views of an ensemble of social scientists – area studies, development studies, and legal scholars; anthropologists, architects, economists, geographers, planners, sociologists, and urbanists; representing academic institutions, activist and charitable organisations, policy and research institutes, and areas of professional practice – who recognise the necessity of critical commentary and engaged scholarship. These contributions represent a wide-ranging set of views, collectively producing a compilation of reflections on the following three themes in particular: (1) Urbanisation, digital infrastructures, economies, and the environment; (2) Migrants, (im)mobilities, and borders; and (3) Collective action, communities, and mutual action. Overall, this edited volume first aims to speak from a situated position in relevant debates to challenge knowledge about the pandemic that has assigned selective and inequitable visibility to issues, people, or places, or which through its inferential or interpretive capacity has worked to set social expectations or assign validity to certain interventions with a bearing on the pandemic’s course and the future it has foretold. Second, it aims to advance or renew understandings of social challenges, risks, or inequities that were already in place, and which, without further or better action, are to be features of our “post-pandemic world” as well. This volume also contributes to the ongoing efforts to de-centre and decolonise knowledge production. It endeavours to help secure a place within these debates for a region that was among the first outside of East Asia to be forced to contend with COVID-19 in a substantial way and which has evinced a marked and instructive diversity and dynamism in its fortunes.
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Pedulla, David. Making the Cut. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175102.001.0001.
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Millions of workers today labor in nontraditional situations involving part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization or face the precariousness of long-term unemployment. To date, research has largely focused on how these experiences shape workers' well-being, rather than how hiring agents perceive and treat job applicants who have moved through these positions. Shifting the focus from workers to hiring agents, this book explores how key gatekeepers evaluate workers with nonstandard, mismatched, or precarious employment experience. Factoring in the social groups to which workers belong—such as their race and gender—the book shows how workers get jobs, how the hiring process unfolds, who makes the cut, and who does not. The book documents and unpacks three important discoveries. Hiring professionals extract distinct meanings from different types of employment experiences; the effects of nonstandard, mismatched, and precarious employment histories for workers' job outcomes are not all the same; and the race and gender of workers intersect with their employment histories to shape which workers get called back for jobs. Indeed, hiring professionals use group-based stereotypes to weave divergent narratives or “stratified stories” about workers with similar employment experiences. The result is a complex set of inequalities in the labor market. Looking at bias and discrimination, social exclusion in the workplace, and the changing nature of work, the book probes the hiring process and offers a clearer picture of the underpinnings of getting a job in the new economy.
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Milne, Alisoun. Mental Health in Later Life. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447305729.001.0001.
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Focusing on mental health rather than mental illness, this book adopts a life course approach to understanding mental health and wellbeing in later life. Drawing together material from the fields of sociology, psychology, critical social gerontology, the mental health field, and life course studies, it analyses the meaning and determinants of mental health amongst older populations and offers a critical review of existing discourse. The book explores the intersecting influences of lifecourse experiences, social and structural inequalities, socio-political context, history, gender and age-related factors and demands an approach to prevention and resolution that appreciates the embedded, complex and multi-faceted nature of threats to mental health and ways to protect it. It foregrounds engagement with the perspectives and lived experiences of older people, including people living with dementia, and makes the case for a paradigmatic shift in conceptualising, exploring and researching mental health issues and supporting older people with mental health problems. The book is essential reading for policy makers, health and social care professionals and students, third sector agencies, researchers and all of those concerned to more effectively and collaboratively address mental health issues in later life.
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Alderson, Priscilla. Critical Realism for Health and Illness Research. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354550.001.0001.
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Critical realism, a toolkit of practical ideas, helps researchers to extend, clarify and validate their work. Critical realism resolves problems and contradictions between quantitative factual research and qualitative interpretive approaches. It draws on their strengths, overcomes their limitations, and helps to connect research to policy and practice. To meet growing demand from researchers and students, the book shows how versatile critical realism can be in research across the life course and around the world, from small studies to large trials. Healthcare, health promotion and heath inequalities are all addressed. This book is based on the course at University College London, first taught by Roy Bhaskar the founder of critical realism, and later convened by the author. The aim is to help readers who are new to critical realism, or are in the fairly early stages, with their research across the whole range of health and illness disciplines and professions. Chapters consider relations between structure and agency, facts and values, and between visible evidence and mainly unseen powerful influences on health and illness. Using clear definitions, diagrams and examples, this book enables readers to understand and apply valuable critical realist concepts to health and illness research.
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Olsson, Gustaf. Water Interactions – A Systemic View. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062908.
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Abstract During the last two decades, the interrelationship between water and energy has become recognized. Likewise, the couplings to food and agriculture are getting increasingly obvious and alarming. In the last year, a record number of extreme weather events have been reported from most parts of the world. This is a visible demonstration how consequences of climate change must be understood and alleviated. The impacts of economics, lifestyle, and alarming inequalities are becoming increasingly recognisable. If the wealthy part of the world is not willing not make radical changes it does not matter what the less wealthy half of the global population will do to meet the climate and resource crisis. The purpose of the book is to demonstrate and describe how climate change, water, energy, food, and lifestyle are closely depending on each other. It is not sufficient to handle one discipline isolated from the others. This is the traditional “component view”. The book defines and describes a systems view. The communications and relationships between the “components” have to be described and recognized. Consequently, the development of one discipline must be approached from a systems perspective. At the same time, the success of the systems perspective depends on the degree of knowledge of the individual parts or disciplines. The catchphrase of systems thinking has been caught in the phrase, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts”. The idea is not new: the origin of this phrase is to be found already in Aristotle's Metaphysics more than 2300 years ago. The text may serve as an academic text (in engineering, economics, and environmental science) to introduce senior undergraduate and graduate students into systems thinking. Too often education encourages a “silo” thinking. Current global challenges can't be solved in isolation; they depend on each other. For example, water professionals should have a basic understanding of energy issues. Energy professionals ought to understand the dependency on water. Economic students should learn more how economy depends on natural resources like energy and water. Economics must include the environmental impact and ecological ceiling of economic activities. ISBN: 9781789062892 (print) ISBN: 9781789062908 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062915 (ePUB)
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Sin, Julie. Commissioning and a Population Approach to Health Services Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840732.001.0001.
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The book explores the vital link between population health (what the health system is aiming for) and the commissioning of health services (the process of securing services) and how this can be achieved. It covers the key opportunities for applying a population approach to the nuts and bolts of commissioning, as well as to the more strategic challenges in commissioning practice. It includes fundamental concepts needed in a commissioner’s repertoire of skills and competencies, and also more applied scenarios to navigate in practice. The emphasis is on a solid foundation for practice for those who work in commissioning, those whose work supports commissioning functions, public health professionals working in the quality and commissioning arena, and students studying in this area. It is particularly relevant to current developments in whole-system thinking and a population approach. Core concepts or ‘navigation tools’ are included to help with common challenges in commissioning such as the scoping of a health issue from a population perspective, making sense of different types of evidence, purposeful use of health intelligence, effective preventive opportunities, prioritization, quality issues for commissioners, and other applied topics that have to be navigated in practice. Whilst each topic is a salient component in itself, in combination the collection forms a comprehensive armoury for commissioning for health gain and decision-making for populations. These vantage points are useful whatever the structural system of the day because issues about finite health resources, securing quality health services, and reducing amenable health inequalities will always be pertinent.