Journal articles: 'Professional effects'

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Kahle, Jennifer B., and Richard A. White. "Tax Professional Decision Biases: The Effects of Initial Beliefs and Client Preference." Journal of the American Taxation Association 26, s-1 (January 1, 2004): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2004.26.s-1.1.

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While many studies have inferred confirmation bias in a tax decision-making context, the tax professional's initial belief has usually been the same as the client-preferred position. The objective of this study was to disentangle the effects of evidence direction (confirming or disconfirming evidence) and client preference on tax professionals' belief revisions following the examination of additional evidence. In a repeated-measures design, participants recorded an initial belief and a revised belief in response to two independent fact scenarios. Consistent with research related to auditors, but inconsistent with the psychology literature, the results of this study indicate that tax professionals react in a manner opposite to the predictions of confirmation bias, particularly when the evidence reviewed is counter to the client's wishes. Further examination reveals that the client preference has a more substantial effect on tax professional judgments when the evidence being reviewed confirms the professionals' initial beliefs than when it disconfirms their initial beliefs.

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Wood-Nartker, B. Jeanneane, Jungsywan Sepanski, Joe McCrady, and Andreea Gligor. "College Students' Perceptions of Sexual Orientation and Gender Given Job Descriptions and Titles for Interior Decoration, Interior Design, and Architecture." Perceptual and Motor Skills 104, no. 3 (June 2007): 1025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.3.1025-1026.

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To examine perceptions of design professionals, this study was designed to examine possible gender-bias based on job title and description and whether there is a relationship between the two perceptions. A respondent's sex was significantly related to perceptions of a design professional's sex. Both respondents' sex and the perceived sex of the design professional had significant effects on the perceived sexual orientation of the design professionals. Furthermore, the results also indicated that if the design professional was perceived to be male, there was a higher tendency that he would be perceived as homosexual, especially by a male respondent.

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Lander, Michel W., J. (Hans) van Oosterhout, Pursey Heugens, and Jorien L. Pruijssers. "Career stage dependent effects of law firm governance: A multilevel study of professional-client misconduct." Human Relations 72, no. 9 (November 14, 2018): 1497–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718796157.

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Are governance practices employed by professional service firms equally effective in preventing professional-client misconduct for professionals at different stages of their career? Drawing upon professional-agency theory and the literature documenting professional career patterns, we develop a multilevel theoretical model to answer this question. We test our model in the empirical context of the Dutch legal profession, using firm-level survey data on 142 law firms and individual-level archival data from the 2994 lawyers working for these firms to explain 97 formally adjudicated complaints of professional-client misconduct committed by individual lawyers registered with the Amsterdam Bar Association. We find that the ‘orthodox’ distinction between informal behavioral and formal outcome-based governance practices is too course-grained to receive empirical support, and that firm-level governance practices only reduce professional-client misconduct when they are specifically targeted at the career stage of the lawyers employed. Our findings not only allow us to develop a finer-grained version of Sharma’s professional-agency model, but may also be practically useful in developing firm-level governance practices targeted at different strata of professionals.

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Young, Dallin George, Laura A. Dean, Douglas Franklin, and William Kyle Tschepikow. "Effects of Assessment on Collegiate Recreation Programs." Recreational Sports Journal 38, no. 1 (April 2014): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.2013-0023.

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Collegiate recreation professionals were surveyed to determine whether, how regularly, and by what means they were conducting assessment. This descriptive study explored current assessment practices; surveyed resources used in assessment, including specific attention to CAS materials; and reported outcomes of assessment activities. Results indicated that more than 90% of respondents were engaged in assessment, regardless of institution type. Professional literature, professional development activities, and assessment teams were the most frequently used resources; approximately 40% reported using CAS materials. Most frequently reported outcomes of assessment were generally related to student staffing. Respondents also indicated that mission statements and professional staffing changed less frequently as a result of assessment efforts. Implications for the practice of assessment in collegiate recreation programs are discussed.

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Cinar, Sinan, Nimet Pirasa, and Omer Kocer. "The effects of Kayseri MoNE STEM Centre on teachers’ professional development." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 7 (January 27, 2016): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v2i7.1183.

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Ballard Sara, Anne, Elizabeth Futrell, and Tilly Gurman. "Effects on Career Development From Sharing One’s Story: Young Professionals’ Experiences With Family Planning Voices." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839920902758.

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Supporting the development of young family planning professionals is key to fostering communities of practitioners that can help countries achieve family planning goals. The Family Planning Voices (FP Voices) storytelling initiative, created by The Knowledge for Health Project and Family Planning 2020, documents stories from people around the world who are passionate about family planning. This qualitative evaluation used in-depth interviews ( n = 11) with young professionals (ages 18-30) to uncover the effects of sharing their story with FP Voices. Participants came from 10 countries in one of three regions, Latin America ( n = 2), South Asia ( n = 2), and Africa ( n = 7). Findings highlight that sharing one’s story with FP Voices served as a professional development opportunity and instilled confidence and pride among young professionals. Additionally, participants linked access to a professional headshot and the experience of participating in an interview to their professional development. Participants often discussed the recognition they gained from sharing their story and the resulting increase in professional connections and opportunities. Participants hoped that their stories would inspire and encourage others and support recognition of the value of young professionals to the larger family planning field. In sum, storytelling initiatives like FP Voices can motivate and create community and opportunity among young professionals.

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Warren, Michael, and Christine Braithwaite. "Understanding the Relationship Between Professional Regulation and Professional Identity in Health Care." Journal of Medical Regulation 106, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-106.2.7.

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ABSTRACT Since 2016, the Professional Standards Authority in the United Kingdom (UK) has been building an evidence base to understand the relationship between professional regulation and professional identity of health care professionals. Professional identity can greatly impact the practice of health professionals. To better understand the relationship between professional regulation and professional identity, we conducted a literature review, which gathered definitions of professional identity and analysis of identity among health care professionals. We then commissioned the administration of 16 in-depth interviews with UK health care practitioners to learn their perceptions regarding professional identity and regulation. This paper describes and analyzes the Authority's findings from a policy perspective, suggesting that the professional identity of a health care practitioner is influenced mostly by factors that are local — such as the rapport a practitioner has with a patient, education, mentors, uniforms and external perceptions. These non-regulatory factors take precedence over regulation's influence on the development and maintenance of professional identity. Regulation does appear to have an effect on professional identity when there is a crisis or unusual circumstance (for example removing a professional from practice), but on a daily basis its effects are small, especially compared to other factors.

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Williamson, A. M., B. Clarke, and C. Edmonds. "Neurobehavioural effects of professional abalone diving." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.44.7.459.

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Russell, Brenda, Jenna Perkins, and Heather Grinnell. "Interviewees' Overuse of the Word “Like” and Hesitations: Effects in Simulated Hiring Decisions." Psychological Reports 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.102.1.111-118.

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This study examined the use of hesitations and discourse markers such as “uh” and “like,” sex of an interviewee, and professional or student participants on hiring decisions of job interviewees. Participants consisted of 105 students between the ages of 18 to 43 years and 71 professionals between the ages of 22 to 76 years (120 women, 56 men). Adult professionals and students were least likely to want to hire, perceived the applicant as less professional, and were less likely to recommend the interviewee for hiring if the interviewee overused the word “like” compared to “uh” or control. Professionals were less likely than students overall to want to hire interviewees across conditions. Sex of the interviewee was not found to be significant.

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Shafer, William E., D. Jordan Lowe, and Timothy J. Fogarty. "The Effects of Corporate Ownership on Public Accountants' Professionalism and Ethics." Accounting Horizons 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.2.109.

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The current trend toward corporate acquisitions of CPA firms poses potential threats to the autonomy and ethical standards of public accounting professionals. This recent consolidation movement suggests that for the first time a significant number of public accounting professionals are subject to the supervision and control of nonprofessionals. In addition to acknowledging the potential threats to auditor independence and objectivity, this paper suggests that these new organizational arrangements for the provision of public accounting services have other negative effects on professionalism and ethics such as desensitizing CPAs to traditional professional values, and subverting professional institutions to the goals of corporate employers. This paper develops a framework that identifies several specific research questions related to the effects of corporate ownership on professionalism and ethics in public accounting.

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Lauzen, Martha. "Effects of Gender on Professional Encroachment in Public Relations." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 1 (March 1992): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900115.

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Using a systematic sample of 166 public relations practitioners in the United States, this study tests a model that explains the effects of gender on professional encroachment, which is the assignment of non-public relations professionals as top public relations managers. Organizations in which the top public relations practitioner is a woman are likely to have higher levels of encroachment than organizations where the top practitioner is male. Women are less likely to have worked long enough to obtain the skills and perspectives of management.

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Caron, Jeffrey G., Gordon A. Bloom, Karen M. Johnston, and Catherine M. Sabiston. "Effects of Multiple Concussions on Retired National Hockey League Players." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, no. 2 (April 2013): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.2.168.

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The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and lived experiences of multiple concussions in professional hockey players using hermeneutic, idiographic, and inductive approaches within an interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviewer was an athlete who had suffered multiple concussions, and the interviewees were five former National Hockey League athletes who had retired due to medically diagnosed concussions suffered during their careers. The men discussed the physical and psychological symptoms they experienced as a result of their concussions and how the symptoms affected their professional careers, personal relationships, and quality of life. The former professional athletes related these symptoms to the turmoil that is ever present in their lives. These findings are of interest to athletes, coaches, sport administrators, family members, sport psychology practitioners, and medical professionals, as they highlight the severity of short- and long-term effects of concussions.

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Chown, Jillian. "Financial Incentives and Professionals’ Work Tasks: The Moderating Effects of Jurisdictional Dominance and Prominence." Organization Science 31, no. 4 (July 2020): 887–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.1334.

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This research addresses the important question of how organizations can use financial incentives to influence the work tasks of their professional workforce—a constituency that is notoriously difficult to manage because of their specialized knowledge, considerable autonomy, strong socialization, and powerful professional norms. In particular, I explore how a baseline incentive effect is moderated by two features of professionals’ tasks and jurisdictions: jurisdictional dominance (i.e., how much the profession controls the provision of the task relative to other professions) and jurisdictional prominence (i.e., how commonly provided the task is within a profession relative to other tasks). Using data on thousands of physician tasks from Ontario, Canada, and a difference-in-differences empirical design, I find that professionals’ incentive responses are smaller when a profession has higher jurisdictional dominance over a task, but are larger when the task has higher jurisdictional prominence within the profession. This research contributes to the literature on professions and professionals in multiple ways. First, I introduce the concepts of jurisdictional dominance and jurisdictional prominence, distinguishing them from each other and from existing conceptions of professional control. Second, this study shows that financial incentives can be an effective tool for influencing professionals, but highlights that their efficacy is shaped by a task’s jurisdictional dominance and jurisdictional prominence. Finally, I show that these new conceptions of jurisdictional control influence professionals’ behaviors in meaningful ways and should therefore be considered in future studies of professions.

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Hamid, Aamir, and Muhammad Shahid Soroya. "Continuing education for LIS professionals: why." Library Review 66, no. 1/2 (February 7, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-01-2015-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the outcomes of continuing education programs that are being carried out, either having positive or negative effects on the personal and professional lives of the participants. Design/methodology/approach The research method used for this study was a survey, which had been based on findings derived from a comprehensive literature review. The data collection tool was an online questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Questionnaires were circulated to the 120 library professionals equally divided among three online discussion groups which have high rate of library professionals’ memberships: Pakistan Library Automation Group, Pakistan Librarians Welfare Organization (PLWO) and Pakistan Library Club through emails. The 100 completely filled questionnaires were received and so the response rate was 83 per cent. Findings The study concluded that continuing education programs (CEPs) had positive effects on the participants’ professional as well as personal lives. The results revealed that CEPs improved librarians’ professional knowledge about digital resources, library automation and management systems, searching techniques, library management and skills regards team work. The effect on their personal lives was also noticeable: helped them to build confidence, increased personal interaction and developed their ability to research, leadership, communication and managerial skills. Therefore, the study clearly indicates that CEPs proved very helpful in capacity building of professional librarians. Practical implications The paper clearly addresses the effects of CEPs on participants’ professional and personal lives. As expressed, the results CEPs are playing an important role in the capacity building of professional librarians. This study will stimulate CEPs managing associations or organizations to check outcomes, whether they are valuable for the participants. Originality/value This paper reports the effects of formal or informal training sessions on LIS professionals’ professional and personal lives.

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Shott, Michael J. "Estimating the Magnitude of Private Collection of Points and Its Effects on Professional Survey Results." Advances in Archaeological Practice 5, no. 2 (March 27, 2017): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2017.8.

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ABSTRACTChipped-stone projectile points are used to mark the passage of time and cultures in the record. Archaeologists often recover points in surface survey, yet we do not know how many were found by private collectors before or after professional work. In a 1975–1977 Michigan probabilistic survey, professional archaeologists documented 30 private collections from 20 sample units. In those units, points found by private collectors outnumber professionally recovered ones by a factor of about 32. The survey region's point population estimated separately from the professional and private-collection samples differs by nearly an order of magnitude in favor of private collections, despite highly conservative assumptions about the latter. The number of points found in professional survey is inversely correlated with the number found in private collections, and the professional sample is more sparsely and randomly distributed. However, proportions of several common types are similar between professional and private collections. To the extent that large, reasonably complete samples of points are important for research and preservation, archaeologists must document private collections compiled in and near their survey areas.

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Ališauskiene, Stefanija, and Violeta Gevorgianiene. "Exploring Professional Boundaries: A Shift to Inter-Professional Early Childhood Intervention Practice in Lithuania." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 17, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol3.378.

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A vast body of literature is focusing on the interdisciplinary approach in the field of early childhood intervention (ECI) practice, however inter-professional relations challenge traditional understanding of professional role and identity. The article contributes to the discussion about the value and the pitfalls of inter-professional cooperation in the field of ECI and its possible effects on family and child life. The aim of the research was to explore what competences professionals representing different fields perceive as most important for successful inter-professional collaboration. The study was based on experts’ evaluation (questionnaire). An analysis of the data revealed the importance professionals allocated to opinion-sharing in the emerging early childhood intervention inter-professional teams as well as a lack of attention to the parents’ voice, which indicates the need for further cohesiveness – a shift from a polylogue of different disciplines to an inter-professional culture.

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Prenger, Rilana, Cindy L. Poortman, and Adam Handelzalts. "The Effects of Networked Professional Learning Communities." Journal of Teacher Education 70, no. 5 (January 24, 2018): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487117753574.

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Teacher professional learning is considered crucial for improving the quality of education. Teacher collaboration in professional learning communities can contribute to the effectiveness of professional development efforts. In the past decade, there has been a shift from within-school to between-school professional learning communities. However, results regarding their effectiveness have been inconsistent. In this study, we examine the effects of 23 networked professional learning communities in the Dutch context, using a mixed-methods approach. Results showed moderately positive effects on teachers’ perceived satisfaction; the knowledge, skills, and attitude developed; and their application to practice. Considering the early stage of development of these professional learning communities, teachers’ participation in networked professional learning communities seems promising for enhancing their professional learning.

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Lagnado, Max. "Professional writing assistance: effects on biomedical publishing." Learned Publishing 16, no. 1 (January 2003): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1087/095315103320995050.

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Preast, June L., and Matthew K. Burns. "Effects of Consultation on Professional Learning Communities." Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation 29, no. 2 (July 19, 2018): 206–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10474412.2018.1495084.

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LaDuke, Sharon. "The Effects of Professional Discipline on Nurses." American Journal of Nursing 100, no. 6 (June 2000): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200006000-00049.

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Iglehart, Alfreda P. "Discharge Planning: Professional Perspectives versus Organizational Effects." Health & Social Work 15, no. 4 (November 1990): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/15.4.301.

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Cates, Ward Mitchell. "Adding Professional Recording Effects to Instructional Audiotapes." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 63, no. 9 (May 1990): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1990.10114140.

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Heneghan, Jack F., and Michael C. Herron. "Relative age effects in American professional football." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 15, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2018-0030.

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Abstract We test for the existence of relative age effects in professional American football. In a sample of 18,898 football players born on or after 1940, there is an excess of January and February births – consistent with a relative age effect associated with calendar year – as well as a slight increase in September births – consistent with the fact that some football players we analyze attended high school in states with fall school cutoff dates. We consider the possibility that relative age effects may affect skilled football positions more than positions relying heavily on player weight, and we find suggestive evidence of this. Lastly, and contrary to what has recently been shown in professional hockey, we find no evidence that misguided preferences for relatively older players lead to selection-based inefficiencies in football player drafting. Our results have implications for evaluating potential football players and speak broadly to the role of physiological factors beyond player control on athletic success.

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Holden, John D. "Hawthorne effects and research into professional practice." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 7, no. 1 (February 2001): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2753.2001.00280.x.

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Ghafar, Maszura Abdul, and Rahinah Ibrahim. "Effects of Human Culture Among AEC Professionals Towards Adaptation of Collaborative Technology in Industrialized Project Delivery." International Journal of Digital Innovation in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdibe.2020010103.

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Collaborative technology would change how AEC professionals instill their work culture when using BIM-enabled visualization applications during industrialized projects. This desktop study is to identify the base line communication preferences that can help building stakeholders to prepare themselves to export their professional services in delivering transdisciplinary global project implementation. The study found AEC's professional culture, method of knowledge transfer, and educational programs could affect several dimensions of their beliefs and values in ways of delivering global transdisciplinary projects. This study is limited to understanding and documenting the effects of human factors during the integrated project delivery phase. These contributions would support developing countries' professionals to collaborate effectively with developed countries' professionals. Future development of supportive communication systems in integrated design studio education programs is recommended to prepare future Malaysian AEC transdisciplinary global practices.

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Maunganidze, Farai, Debby Bonnin, and Shaun Ruggunan. "Economic Crisis and Professions: Chartered Accountants in Zimbabwe." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402199480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244021994802.

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This study examined the effects of a declining economy on the profession of chartered accountants (CAs) in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach using a pragmatic grounded theory design. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five purposively sampled CAs and two key informants drawn from the professional body and an institution that trains CAs. Furthermore, secondary data were drawn from the professional body’s archives and from newspapers. Data from interviews and documents were analyzed through thematic analysis and content analysis, respectively. The study has revealed that the profession of CAs has been changing in response to the declining economy and the changes include losing its status and autonomy, increased competition from other accounting fields and compromised professional standards. It also emerged that professionals themselves engage in both negative and positive activities that enable them to survive the effects of a declining economy. Recommendations are provided for the professionals and the professional body in dealing with the impact of a precarious economy.

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Rothes, Inês Areal, and Margarida Rangel Henriques. "Health Professionals’ Explanations of Suicidal Behaviour: Effects of Professional Group, Theoretical Intervention Model, and Patient Suicide Experience." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 76, no. 2 (February 14, 2017): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222817693530.

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In a help relation with a suicidal person, the theoretical models of suicidality can be essential to guide the health professional’s comprehension of the client/patient. The objectives of this study were to identify health professionals’ explanations of suicidal behaviors and to study the effects of professional group, theoretical intervention models, and patient suicide experience in professionals’ representations. Two hundred and forty-two health professionals filled out a self-report questionnaire. Exploratory principal components analysis was used. Five explanatory models were identified: psychological suffering, affective cognitive, sociocommunicational, adverse life events, and psychopathological. Results indicated that the psychological suffering and psychopathological models were the most valued by the professionals, while the sociocommunicational was seen as the least likely to explain suicidal behavior. Differences between professional groups were found. We concluded that training and reflection on theoretical models in general and in communicative issues in particular are needed in the education of health professionals.

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Jung, Jaehwan, Changi Nam, Euehun Lee, and Seongcheol Kim. "Professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity affect researchers' organizational commitment." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 8 (September 15, 2016): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.8.1349.

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We examined the effects of professional autonomy and group cohesion on the organizational commitment of research and development (R&D) professionals, taking into account the moderating role of job complexity in this relationship. Participants were 264 full-time researchers who each had over 5 years' tenure at an international information technology institute in South Korea, and who completed surveys assessing their professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity positively affected organizational commitment. Moreover, job complexity had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between professional autonomy and group cohesion in connection with organizational commitment. These findings clarify the psychological attitude of R&D professionals in relation to professional autonomy, group cohesion, and job complexity.

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Bobek, Donna D., Amy M. Hageman, and Robin R. Radtke. "The Effects of Professional Role, Decision Context, and Gender on the Ethical Decision Making of Public Accounting Professionals." Behavioral Research in Accounting 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-51090.

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ABSTRACT This study investigates the degree to which professional role (auditor or tax professional), decision context (an audit or tax environment), and gender influence the ethical decision making of public accounting professionals. The primary analysis, including all 134 accounting professionals who participated in our experiment, indicates that these participants are both less likely to indicate they would concede to a client in a contentious situation and less likely to recommend conceding when they are in an audit as opposed to tax context. Furthermore, work experience in auditing (as opposed to tax) is associated with a decreased likelihood of conceding to the client in both contexts. However, when data for males and females are analyzed separately, professional role, context, and moral intensity are significantly related to males' decision making, but are not significant with respect to females' decisions. This suggests that males and females may use different decision-making processes. Possible theoretical explanations for these findings are discussed.

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Crawford, David. "The Effects of Light Pollution on Amateur Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092332.

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AbstractThe rapid increase in urban lighting, with the resultant increase in sky glow due to this lighting, has already severely affected both professional and amateur astronomy. It is not possible to observe as faint as was possible in the past from sites anywhere near large cities. Even those sites near smaller cities are compromised.There are other adverse effects of outdoor lighting. One in particular affects amateur astronomers (more than professionals, in fact). That is light trespass from a (usually) nearby source shining directly into the amateur’s observatory. It ruins dark adaption and can even affect photographic or photoelectric observations.Astronomers are pushing for communities and individuals to apply “solutions”, which can help greatly. These are: use the correct amount of light for the lighting task, not overkill; use controls on the lighting, such as shielding and correct placement (direct the light downward), and time controls; use low pressure sodium light sources whenever possible (especially in the vicinity of professional observing sites).Without the widespread application of such solutions, amateurs, professionals, and even the general public will likely lose forever their superb view of the universe, as seen from a prime dark sky site. These solutions also maximize the quality of any lighting installation, often at lower cost than bad lighting.

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DeZoort, F. Todd, Paul D. Harrison, and Edward J. Schnee. "Tax Professionals' Responsibility for Fraud Detection: The Effects of Engagement Type and Audit Status." Accounting Horizons 26, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50137.

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SYNOPSIS Despite a traditional advocacy role, tax professionals face growing pressure to help manage the tax fraud problem. However, the authoritative tax literature lacks explicit guidance in the area, motivating questions about the extent tax professionals perceive fraud detection responsibility. This study evaluates 236 tax professionals' perceived responsibility for tax fraud detection, and the extent that tax engagement type (planning versus compliance) and audit client status (audit client versus not an audit client) affect responsibility. We also use the triangle model of responsibility to test the extent that task clarity, professional obligation, and personal control mediate the effects of engagement type and audit client status on detection responsibility. The results indicate moderate and varied perceived detection responsibility among the participants. We also find that reported detection responsibility varies across tax engagement type and audit client status. As expected, tax professionals report higher detection responsibility in a tax compliance engagement and when the tax client is also an audit client. Subsequent path analysis results show that the triangle model components are positively related to detection responsibility, and that professional obligation and personal control mediate the effects of engagement type and audit client status on detection responsibility.

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Hayashi, Mikio, Daisuke Son, Keiko Nanishi, and Masato Eto. "Long-term contribution of international electives for medical students to professional identity formation: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e039944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039944.

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ObjectivesGlobalisation has given medical university students the opportunity to pursue international electives in other countries, enhancing the long-term socialisation of medical professionals. This study identified the long-term effects of international electives on the professional identity formation of medical students.DesignThis is a qualitative study.SettingThe authors interviewed Japanese medical professionals who had completed their international electives more than 10 years ago, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm.ParticipantsA total of 23 medical professionals (mean age 36.4 years; range 33–42 years) participated in face-to-face, semistructured in-depth interviews.ResultsDuring the data analysis, 36 themes related to professional identity formation were identified, and the resulting themes had five primary factors (perspective transformation, career design, self-development, diversity of values and leadership). It was concluded that international electives for medical students could promote reflective self-relativisation and contribute to medical professional identity formation. Additionally, such electives can encourage pursuing a specialisation and academic or non-academic work abroad. International electives for medical students could contribute to medical professional identity formation on the basis of cross-cultural understanding.ConclusionsThis study addressed a number of issues regarding the long-term impact of international elective experiences in various countries on the professional identity formation of Japanese medical professionals. This study offers some guidance to mentors conducting international electives and provides useful information for professional identity formation development in medical professionals.

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Paillé, Pascal, Nicolas Raineri, and Patrick Valeau. "The Effects of the Psychological Contract Among Professional Employees Working in Non-Professional Organizations." Articles 71, no. 3 (October 19, 2016): 521–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037663ar.

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Few researchers have sought to examine the consequences of psychological contract breach in the particular case of professional employees working for nonprofessional organizations. To increase our understanding, the purpose of this article was to test an original research model encompassing psychological contract breach, psychological contract violation, perceived organizational support, organizational and professional commitment, and intention to leave the organization. A study was conducted among a sample of 329 professional employees working in nonprofessional organizations. As predicted, this research shows a positive relationship between psychological contract breach and psychological contract violation, a negative relationship between breach and organizational commitment, and a negative relationship between organizational commitment and the intention to leave the organization. However, contrary to expectations, the results indicated that perceived organizational support has no moderating effect on the relationship between breach and violation. This finding does not confirm previous findings from the study by Suazo and Stone-Romero (2011). This unexpected result led to testing a different combination between perceived organizational support and PC-breach and PC-violation, which is documented in the literature on nonprofessional employees. Thus, in accordance with previous results by Suazo (2009), the data from our research indicate that the relationship between PC breach and perceived organizational support is mediated by PC violation. This alternative research model suggests testing a long mediation process by which the breach influences the intention to leave the organization via the violation, the perceived organizational support, and professional and organizational commitment. This long mediation process has been confirmed by our data. Finally, the results of this research suggest that when working in a non-professional context, professional employees tend to react to breaches of the psychological contract in a similar way to non-professional employees.

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Hekman, David R., Gregory A. Bigley, H. Kevin Steensma, and James F. Hereford. "Combined Effects Of Organizational And Professional Identification On The Reciprocity Dynamic For Professional Employees." Academy of Management Journal 52, no. 3 (June 2009): 506–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.41330897.

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Berry, C., and K. Greenwood. "The relevance of professionals’ attachment style, expectations and job attitudes for therapeutic relationships with young people who experience psychosis." European Psychiatry 34 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.002.

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AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic relationships are a central component of community treatment for psychosis and thought to influence clinical and social outcomes, yet there is limited research regarding the potential influence of professional characteristics on positive therapeutic relationships in community care. It was hypothesised that professionals’ relating style and attitudes toward their work might be important, and thus this exploratory study modelled associations between these characteristics and therapeutic relationships developed in community psychosis treatment.MethodsDyads of professionals and young patients with psychosis rated their therapeutic relationships with each other. Professionals also completed measures of attachment style, therapeutic optimism, outcome expectancy, and job attitudes regarding working with psychosis.ResultsProfessionals’ anxious attachment predicted less positive professional therapeutic relationship ratings. In exploratory directed path analysis, data also supported indirect effects, whereby anxious professional attachment predicts less positive therapeutic relationships through reduced professional therapeutic optimism and less positive job attitudes.ConclusionsProfessional anxious attachment style is directly associated with the therapeutic relationship in psychosis, and indirectly associated through therapeutic optimism and job attitudes. Thus, intervening in professional characteristics could offer an opportunity to limit the impact of insecure attachment on therapeutic relationships in psychosis.

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Singh, Kusum, and Bonnie S. Billingsley. "Professional Support and Its Effects on Teachers' Commitment." Journal of Educational Research 91, no. 4 (March 1, 1998): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220679809597548.

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Segesten, Kerstin, and Dipl Nurse Ed. "The Effects of Professional Group Supervision of Nurses." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.1993.tb00177.x.

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RUBINEAU, BRIAN. "GENDERING ENGINEERING: PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY FORMATION AND PEER EFFECTS." Academy of Management Proceedings 2007, no. 1 (August 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2007.26518229.

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Zelauskas, Bonnie, and Debra G. Howes. "The Effects of Implementing a Professional Practice Model." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 22, no. 7/8 (July 1992): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-199207000-00006.

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Robertson, Maxine, Harry Scarbrough, and Jacky Swan. "Knowledge Creation in Professional Service Firms: Institutional Effects." Organization Studies 24, no. 6 (July 2003): 831–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840603024006002.

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Hung, Antia, and James Liu. "Effects of stay‐back on teachers’ professional commitment." International Journal of Educational Management 13, no. 5 (October 1999): 226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513549910286585.

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Quiroga-Garza, Manuel Emiliano, David Leonardo Flores-Marín, Raúl René Cantú-Hernández, Irma Elisa Eraña Rojas, and Mildred Vanessa López Cabrera. "Effects of a vocational program on professional orientation." Heliyon 6, no. 4 (April 2020): e03860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03860.

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Ong, Caroline Choo Phaik, Candy Suet Cheng Choo, Nigel Choon Kiat Tan, and Lin Yin Ong. "Unanticipated learning effects in videoconference continuous professional development." Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-4/sc2484.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated use of technology like videoconferencing (VC) in healthcare settings to maintain clinical teaching and continuous professional development (CPD) activities. Sociomaterial theory highlights the relationship of humans with sociomaterial forces, including technology. We used sociomaterial framing to review effect on CPD learning outcomes of morbidity and mortality meetings (M&M) when changed from face-to-face (FTF) to VC. Methods: All surgical department staff were invited to participate in a survey about their experience of VC M&M compared to FTF M&M. Survey questions focused on technological impact of the learning environment and CPD outcomes. Respondents used 5-point Likert scale and free text for qualitative responses. De-identified data was analysed using Chi-squared comparative analysis with p<0.05 significance, and qualitative responses categorised. Results: Of 42 invited, 30 (71.4%) responded. There was no significant difference in self-reported perception of CPD learning outcomes between FTF and VC M&M. Participants reported that VC offered more convenient meeting access, improved ease of presentation and viewing but reduced engagement. VC technology allowed alternative communication channels that improved understanding and increased junior participation. Participants requested more technological support, better connectivity and guidance on VC etiquette. Conclusion: VC technology had predictable effects of improved access, learning curve problems and reduced interpersonal connection. Sociomaterial perspective revealed additional unexpected VC behaviours of chat box use that augmented CPD learning. Recognising the sociocultural and emotional impact of technology improves planning and learner support when converting FTF to VC M&M.

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Sarabia-Cobo, Carmen María, Victoria Pérez, Carmen Hermosilla, and Pablo de Lorena. "Retirement or no Retirement? The Decision’s Effects on Cognitive Functioning, Well-Being, and Quality of Life." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10100151.

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This study addressed the psychological effects on personal well-being and reported quality of life of staying professionally active in late adulthood, and to what extent years of professional inactivity modulates cognitive abilities. Design and Methods: We collected data on 262 elderly adults, 129 of whom were professionally active elderly adults (who voluntarily maintained their professional activity after the age of retirement) and 133 of whom were retired adults, in a set of experimental tasks to measure basic cognitive resources. The study took place during the first quarter of 2020. Results: Active elderly people performed better on cognitive tasks that assessed attention, memory, and solving abilities and also reported more satisfaction with life and their current work. Multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that years of inactivity were associated with lower cognitive performance. Mentally demanding jobs were significantly associated with memory performance, but not with attention and planning. Conclusions: An involuntary separation from professional activity in the beginning of late adulthood may cause a deeper decline of cognitive functions, poorer adaptive adjustment to the aging process, and higher dissatisfaction with the period of life the individual is going through.

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Jantakoon, Jakkrit, and Suphornthip Thanaphatchottiwat. "The Effects of Teachers’ Competence on Designing Mindfulness Learning Activity through a Professional Learning Community." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i1/pr190231.

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Kim, Sang Hee, and Nam Hee Kim. "The Effects of Rehabilitation Hospital Nurses' Professional Autonomy and Self-Efficacy on Professional Self-Concept." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.1.165.

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Chaabane, Zaina, Zsolt Murlasits, Ziyad Mahfoud, and Ruben Goebel. "Tobacco Use and Its Health Effects among Professional Athletes in Qatar." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2684090.

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The objective of the study was to determine the effects of tobacco use on selected markers of health and lung function in professional athletes. A total of 108 male professional athletes participated in the study from ten ball game teams in the same sport league in Qatar (age =26.4±5.1 yrs, height =190.6±11.9 cm, and weight =91.5±16.4 kg). The athletes have been playing professionally for about 6.3 years on average. In addition to demographic and tobacco use status, the following clinical variables were measured: resting blood pressure, heart rate, FVC, FEV1 sec, and PEF. The prevalence of tobacco use among the athletes was 27.7%. The FVC, FVC%, and FEV1% were significantly lower among the smokers compared to the nonsmokers (p=0.003, 0.044, and 0.001, resp.). There were no significant differences between cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers in BP, HR, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and PEF%. Similarly, those who smoked shisha had lower FEV1% values as compared to those who did not smoke shisha (p=0.001). The decrease of FEV1 and FVC among smokers compared to nonsmokers is similar to what has been reported in the literature about other populations.

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Kiepek, Niki, and Brenda Beagan. "Substance Use and Professional Identity." Contemporary Drug Problems 45, no. 1 (January 4, 2018): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450917748982.

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Processes of professional socialization influence types of substances used, patterns of use, and estimation of normalization. This project explores psychoactive substance use among professionals and students in professional programs in Canada, rationales for use, strategies to manage use and potential consequences, and factors within professional education and culture that influence decisions about use. The intent of this study is to uncover social processes through which professional contexts influence substance use. The researchers sought to explore how professionals and professional students described their own decision-making about substance use and their perceptions of professional influences. The mixed methods pilot study involved ecological momentary assessment (EMA), using an app designed for the study, and qualitative interviews. Participants completed a brief survey on the app each time they used a substance during a 4-week period, reporting what substance was used, how much, where, who with, and anticipated or delayed effects. Thirty-four participants were involved in the EMA component, 20 of whom engaged in interviews. The findings suggest a certain amount of substance use is expected, accepted, and even promoted in professional fields. Thematic analysis revealed novel understandings about (i) deliberate decisions, (ii) disclosure and use, (iii) stigmatized substance use, (iv) normative substance use, and (v) the professional context. This study demonstrates potential advantages of undertaking research to explore substance use, as distinct from substance abuse, problematic use, dependence, or addiction. Conceptualizing substance use more broadly can help to identify factors that both encourage use (e.g., performance demands, social norms) and constrain use (e.g., responsibility, role modeling). This can expand approaches to address substance use that look beyond the individual to social and institutional contexts, acknowledging that responsibility is a collective process.

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Claybaugh, Craig C., and Peter Haried. "Professional Social Network Site Participation." International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jvcsn.2012100102.

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Online professional social networks have become a noteworthy tool to help professionals create, strengthen, and maintain valuable business connections. However, the question remains as to who is actually using online professional social networks and how the diffusion of the social network has occurred. Looking at diffusion and usage through innovation diffusion theory, critical mass and a network effects lens, this paper seeks to examine the diffusion of an online professional social network (LinkedIn) for a specific population of university business schools. Using longitudinal analysis (2008 compared to 2011) our findings advocate network dynamics of homogeneous populations display consistent patterns of participation and non-participation. The authors’ findings suggest LinkedIn diffusion is not consistent across all business schools examined. A greater critical mass and network effect appears to have been achieved across larger research universities when compared to smaller university populations. An analysis of the results and future research directions are presented.

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Choi, So Young, and Sang-Joon Kim. "What Brings Female Professionals to Entrepreneurship? Exploring the Antecedents of Women’s Professional Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041765.

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This study explores how female professionals engage in starting their own businesses, known as professional entrepreneurship. In particular, this study specifies what factors foster the likelihood of self-employment of female professionals. Drawing upon the push and pull theories of entrepreneurship, we argue that individual capabilities (as a pull factor) make the self-employment of female professionals less likely, while discrimination experiences (as a push factor) make the self-employment of female professionals more likely. Given such bifurcated effects of these factors, we examine the combinatory effects of individual capabilities and discrimination experiences (which are specified as attribute-based and family-based discrimination experiences) on the rate of self-employment of female professionals. With a sample of 1356 female lawyers in the U.S., we test our hypotheses predicting the rate of self-employment with respect to prior salary and discrimination experiences. Our results reveal that prior salary (a pull factor) motivates female lawyers to stay at the traditional law firms, whereas attribute-based discrimination experiences (a push factor) motivate them to open their own office. Furthermore, we find that such a push effect is pronounced only among the female lawyers with lower salaries. Then, the empirical findings are discussed to elaborate the process of female professionals’ entrepreneurship.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Professional effects'

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