Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Professional dominance'

This study addresses areas in cerebral dominance theory which elementary classroom teachers should be aware of when developing instructional strategies to enhance the learning experiences of children. Presented are past and present findings on cerebral dominance theory, giving the reader some understanding of what has been found about the manner in which children process information. The characteristics and processes of the two halves of the cerebrum have been discussed and possible applications and misapplications of this information have been given. It is concluded that students process information in different ways and that the data can be useful when examining teaching techniques and learning styles. Some specific recommendations have been given to help teachers provide activities and instruction to develop both sides of the brain.

Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos
Estudar a enfermagem, implica conhecer os processos que contribuíram para a sua consolidação, tanto no plano académico como no plano profissional. A filiação institucional da enfermagem ao hospital constitui um dos traços estruturais marcantes para a configuração das diferentes ideologias de enfermagem e para o consequente desenvolvimento da sua identidade profissional. Advém dessa filiação, o compromisso com os fins e com as regras institucionais, despoletando uma tensão permanente no quadro ideológico da enfermagem, entre a orientação para o cuidar, inserida no papel psicossocial da enfermagem, e a orientação para a instituição, marcada pelo desempenho de funções de controlo e de manutenção dos serviços. Os processos de reconfiguração dos cuidados de saúde originaram o desenvolvimento da estrutura dos cuidados e da estrutura de cura, delimitando-se o campo específico da enfermagem e a sua integração no processo divisão social do trabalho. Nesse sentido, a posição dos diferentes grupos socio-profissionais neste processo, delimita formas de organização, decorrentes dos princípios de interdependência entre os vários indivíduos, e da partilha de tarefas num determinado campo de actividade. No plano das relações de poder, a dominância médica manifesta-se assim como o elemento central da divisão social do trabalho, assumindo o controlo e a avaliação do trabalho dos outros grupos sócio-profissionais que se articulam com o seu campo de actividade e que dependem directamente do seu saber. Esta investigação analisa a influência do poder médico nos processos de construção da identidade profissional da enfermagem e as estratégias de revalorização profissional adoptadas para a defesa da sua autonomia.
Studying nursing, implies knowledge of the processes that contributed to its consolidation, in the academic and professional context. The institutional affiliation of nursing at the hospital is one of the striking structural for configuring various ideologies of nursing, enabling the development of their professional identity. Owing to this affiliation, the commitment to the purposes and on the institutional rules, triggering a permanent tension in the ideological framework of nursing, between the approach to care, inserted in psychosocial nursing role, and orientation to the institution, marked by the performance of functions control and maintenance of social order services. The process of reconfiguration of health care, led the development of the care structure and healing structure, delimiting the specific field of nursing and its integration in the social division of labor. In conjunction, the position of the different socio-professional groups in the division of labor process, delimits forms of organization, resulting from principles based on the interdependence between the various professionals in the field of sharing of tasks in a particular scope of activity. In terms of power relations, medical dominance is the structural feature of the social division of labor, with the authority to control, supervise and evaluate the work of others socio-professional groups that articulate with their field of activity, depended directly on their knowledge. This research analyzes the impact of medical power in the construction of professional identity of nursing and, professional upgrading strategies adopted by nurses for the defense of their autonomy.

This research project addresses the following: how topical talk operates in the organisation and management of MSE interactions; and how topical talk operates in the co-ordination of specific service requests and service provisions. It draws on a corpus of audio-recorded and transcribed interactions between general practitioners and persons seeking general medical services in suburban clinics in Brisbane, Australia. The corpus comprised a total of 67 medical service events (henceforth MSEs), audio-taped with the full informed consent of the participants. Many contemporary medical sociological accounts of the operation of topical talk in MSEs, typified by the work of Mishler (1981, 1984) and Waitzkin (1991), remain anchored to the 'professional dominance' thesis (Freidson 1970a; 1970b), arguing for the fundamental conflict between two perspectives - lay and professional. Topical talk has been formulated as one expression of this conflict in 'doctor-centred' communicative 'styles' (Byrne and Long 1976; Silverman 1987). Within such accounts, familiar interactional patterns in MSEs, including the content and structure of topics, have been theorised as instruments of power and control whereby the dominance of specialised medical knowledge and expertise are established and maintained. Mishler's (1984) characterisation of the conflict between a biomedically oriented 'voice of medicine' used by professional physicians (henceforth GPs) and a 'voice of the lifeworld' used by persons seeking medical services (henceforth Ps) is an expression of the 'professional dominance' thesis. The voices are characterised as attesting to a fundamental, theoretically problematic, asymmetry of power relations between GPs and Ps, thereby reinforcing the ideological status of professionals in general and the medical profession in particular. Further, recommendations regarding correctives to 'professional dominance' centre on advice GPs to attend to the primacy of Ps' talk on their experiences of illnesses rather than apparently 'ignoring' or transforming these topics into biomedical accounts of disease. This research project critiques this formulation of topical talk and the traditional theoretical and empirical bases on which it has drawn. This critique arises from the application of ethnomethodological approaches to the study of MSEs. Such approaches, as outlined in Chapters 2 and 3, are characterised by a number of conceptual and analytic premises: First, particular social structural features of social activities and the institutional contexts within which activities occur should not be assumed to be the primary criteria for judging the import and adequacy of situated action. Second, the parties to situated social events mutually constitute those events in the real world. Third, issues of agency are collaborative situated accomplishments such that the management of everyday social activities is accomplished by the people involved who show one another the rationalities of their actions as they assemble the familiar scenic features of those same institutional events (Garfinkel 1967; Sacks 1992a, 1992b). These assumptions have been applied in ethnomethodological analyses of social action, including the analysis of professional service encounters that have critiqued the 'professional dominance' thesis (Eglin and Wideman 1986; Sharrock 1979). The novelty of this study is the analysis of the operation of topic organisation as a phenomenon of order. This study also draws on recommendations within Ethnomethodology (Hester & Eglin 1997b; Watson 1997) that sequential and categorial organisations are mutually informative in the analysis of the rationality of situated social action. One of the particular contributions of this thesis is that it not only jointly applies both conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis but also extends this recommendation to the inclusion of topic analysis as was originally provided for by Sacks (1992a , 1992b) and Garfinkel and Sacks (1970). Within this study a model of analysis has been constructed that has enabled the analytical consideration of four dimensions of social organisation: local sequential, extended sequential, topical and categorial organisations. The theoretical and empirical concepts of ethnomethodogical analysis have thus been developed and extended within this project. The central findings of this study are that in institutional service events, the 'service topic' is both significant and consequential, and that persons constitute themselves as bona fide incumbents of the categories GP or P by attending to their actions as topically organised. The local adequacy of any particular interactional move (such as questioning-answering, greetings, the design of a topic proposal, etc) is shown to be referenced to the service topic. This study found no evidence of potential or actual "struggles" between the 'voice of the life-world and the voice of medicine'. Rather, this study finds routine recognition on the part of both Ps and GPs of the centrality of the service topic and, thereby, the service task, and no evidence of orientation to distinctive biographical contributions staged in competition with biomedically relevant service topics. It is found that Ps' biographical references were made in the context of an assembled service topic such that particular service tasks, however conventional, were constituted as both relevant and reasonable as medical goods and service for the specific service recipient and provider. At the most general level, it is concluded that the service topic operates as a phenomenon of order in MSEs where order, as defined by Garfinkel and Weider (1992: 202), refers to all of the rationalities evident in the generic features of institutional events and settings, that is, the situated logic and intelligibility as well as the procedures whereby they are constituted as recognisable social events. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the theorisation, policy-making, medical education, and practices of GPs and Ps within MSEs. Overall, the significance of this work for researchers into medical interactions is that the relevance of the service topic and its pervasive organisational consequences need to be considered analytically. A major outcome of this thesis is the establishment of a new order of interest within the study of institutional interactions. The project demonstrates the pervasive consequences of service topics and thus provides a step forward in the study of institutional service interactions and ways of theorising their rationality, a step that extends beyond social structural pre-theorisations of power and domination and also beyond interactional accounts of the primary relevance of turn taking structures.

This research project addresses the following: how topical talk operates in the organisation and management of MSE interactions; and how topical talk operates in the co-ordination of specific service requests and service provisions. It draws on a corpus of audio-recorded and transcribed interactions between general practitioners and persons seeking general medical services in suburban clinics in Brisbane, Australia. The corpus comprised a total of 67 medical service events (henceforth MSEs), audio-taped with the full informed consent of the participants. Many contemporary medical sociological accounts of the operation of topical talk in MSEs, typified by the work of Mishler (1981, 1984) and Waitzkin (1991), remain anchored to the 'professional dominance' thesis (Freidson 1970a; 1970b), arguing for the fundamental conflict between two perspectives - lay and professional. Topical talk has been formulated as one expression of this conflict in 'doctor-centred' communicative 'styles' (Byrne and Long 1976; Silverman 1987). Within such accounts, familiar interactional patterns in MSEs, including the content and structure of topics, have been theorised as instruments of power and control whereby the dominance of specialised medical knowledge and expertise are established and maintained. Mishler's (1984) characterisation of the conflict between a biomedically oriented 'voice of medicine' used by professional physicians (henceforth GPs) and a 'voice of the lifeworld' used by persons seeking medical services (henceforth Ps) is an expression of the 'professional dominance' thesis. The voices are characterised as attesting to a fundamental, theoretically problematic, asymmetry of power relations between GPs and Ps, thereby reinforcing the ideological status of professionals in general and the medical profession in particular. Further, recommendations regarding correctives to 'professional dominance' centre on advice GPs to attend to the primacy of Ps' talk on their experiences of illnesses rather than apparently 'ignoring' or transforming these topics into biomedical accounts of disease. This research project critiques this formulation of topical talk and the traditional theoretical and empirical bases on which it has drawn. This critique arises from the application of ethnomethodological approaches to the study of MSEs. Such approaches, as outlined in Chapters 2 and 3, are characterised by a number of conceptual and analytic premises: First, particular social structural features of social activities and the institutional contexts within which activities occur should not be assumed to be the primary criteria for judging the import and adequacy of situated action. Second, the parties to situated social events mutually constitute those events in the real world. Third, issues of agency are collaborative situated accomplishments such that the management of everyday social activities is accomplished by the people involved who show one another the rationalities of their actions as they assemble the familiar scenic features of those same institutional events (Garfinkel 1967; Sacks 1992a, 1992b). These assumptions have been applied in ethnomethodological analyses of social action, including the analysis of professional service encounters that have critiqued the 'professional dominance' thesis (Eglin and Wideman 1986; Sharrock 1979). The novelty of this study is the analysis of the operation of topic organisation as a phenomenon of order. This study also draws on recommendations within Ethnomethodology (Hester & Eglin 1997b; Watson 1997) that sequential and categorial organisations are mutually informative in the analysis of the rationality of situated social action. One of the particular contributions of this thesis is that it not only jointly applies both conversation analysis and membership categorisation analysis but also extends this recommendation to the inclusion of topic analysis as was originally provided for by Sacks (1992a , 1992b) and Garfinkel and Sacks (1970). Within this study a model of analysis has been constructed that has enabled the analytical consideration of four dimensions of social organisation: local sequential, extended sequential, topical and categorial organisations. The theoretical and empirical concepts of ethnomethodogical analysis have thus been developed and extended within this project. The central findings of this study are that in institutional service events, the 'service topic' is both significant and consequential, and that persons constitute themselves as bona fide incumbents of the categories GP or P by attending to their actions as topically organised. The local adequacy of any particular interactional move (such as questioning-answering, greetings, the design of a topic proposal, etc) is shown to be referenced to the service topic. This study found no evidence of potential or actual "struggles" between the 'voice of the life-world and the voice of medicine'. Rather, this study finds routine recognition on the part of both Ps and GPs of the centrality of the service topic and, thereby, the service task, and no evidence of orientation to distinctive biographical contributions staged in competition with biomedically relevant service topics. It is found that Ps' biographical references were made in the context of an assembled service topic such that particular service tasks, however conventional, were constituted as both relevant and reasonable as medical goods and service for the specific service recipient and provider. At the most general level, it is concluded that the service topic operates as a phenomenon of order in MSEs where order, as defined by Garfinkel and Weider (1992: 202), refers to all of the rationalities evident in the generic features of institutional events and settings, that is, the situated logic and intelligibility as well as the procedures whereby they are constituted as recognisable social events. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the theorisation, policy-making, medical education, and practices of GPs and Ps within MSEs. Overall, the significance of this work for researchers into medical interactions is that the relevance of the service topic and its pervasive organisational consequences need to be considered analytically. A major outcome of this thesis is the establishment of a new order of interest within the study of institutional interactions. The project demonstrates the pervasive consequences of service topics and thus provides a step forward in the study of institutional service interactions and ways of theorising their rationality, a step that extends beyond social structural pre-theorisations of power and domination and also beyond interactional accounts of the primary relevance of turn taking structures.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Faculty of Education
Full Text

Background Patients’ preferences, needs and desires are important when discussing treatment. In consultations between patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and health professionals, knowledge, understanding and insight about communication patterns are of vital importance for strengthening patient involvement in decision-making about their care and treatment. Aim The general aim of this thesis was to describe communication patterns in consultations between patients with AF and health professionals. Specific aims (1) To describe (i) the topics patients with AF and their nurses and physicians discuss; (ii) the use of discursive space in consultations between these participants; and (iii) the frequencies with which patients and nurses/physicians introduce the identified topics. (2) To describe the types of patient resistance to accepting treatment with warfarin and how cardiologists respond to such resistance. Methods An inductive design was used. In study I, the sample consisted of 23 consultations between patients with AF (13 women and 10 men) and health professionals (5 women and 5 men) who were employed in six different cardiologic outpatient clinics. Content analysis was used to obtain a description of topics discussed. The patterns of dominance for the various topics and participant were explored from the framework of an analysis of dominance (I). In study II, the sample consisted of 11 consultations between patients with AF (7 women and 4 men) and cardiologists (2 women and 3 men). Conversation analysis was used to describe interactions concerning resistance to treatment with warfarin. Findings Study I. Four topics were introduced by both nurses and physicians during the consultations. These were “pathophysiology”, “treatment”, “diagnostic procedures”, and “activity”. In the nurse–patient consultations an additional topic, “routines related to the physician’s responsibilities”, emerged. With respect to the number of words and turns, the distribution of the discourse space was almost equal between nurses and patients, and unequal between physicians and patients. The patients were the dominant initiators of the topic “activity”, which refers to adaptation of activities in daily life in relation to AF. Study II. There were four types of patient resistance to accepting treatment with warfarin. These included “Giving reasons for their resistance”, “Suggesting other treatment options”, “Stating treatment preferences” and “Questioning or challenging the cardiologist’s treatment recommendations”. The cardiologists’ responses to the patients’ resistance included “Repeating the treatment recommendation”, “Negotiation with the patient”, “Providing additional information about the recommended treatment” and “Extending their explanation of the purpose of the treatment”. Conclusions The medical-driven agenda dominated over the patient-driven agenda in consultations between health care professionals and patients with AF. During conversations in consultations with nurses, the patients initiated discussion of living with AF and were more talkative than they were with physicians. An awareness of types of patient resistance to treatment would enable cardiologists to consider patients’ experience-based views about their treatment;

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This paper intends to analyse some effects of male dominance on the borderline area between Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the Eastern Republic of Uruguay upon the educational processes and professional carriers of such student-teachers who were attending the Program for Teacher Formation on the Job in the area of Pedagogy sponsored by the Universidade da Região da Campanha (Southernmost Plains Area University)/URCAMP/Bagé/RS, during the month of July 2003. These subjects were either married or engaged in a stable marital-like union and they are expected to build the present day local History of Education. It is comon knowledge that male dominance is inherited from the patriarchal family unit and the androcentric society that significantly influenced the formation of the gaucho society all along the XIXth Century; such a domination process was extended throughout the XXth Century until it began to peter out during the last decades. However, in the borderline area between southern Rio Grande do Sul and northern Uruguay it still makes its presence shown in the first years of the XXIst Century, due to this area peculiarities and by means of the Gaucho myth perpetuation. Gender relationships (particularly those happening within domestic confines) and their effects upon the lives of such female teachers who actually build present day regional History of Education were analysed. This situation is most evident in the country districts, although it is still present in urban areas, especially in the borderline small to middle-size counties. The methodology employed was embased upon the application of open and closed questionnaires, semi-structured interviews for recording subjects memories, along with a reaction-provoking visual technique. Research focal points were the manifestation of Rio Grande do Sul State native imagery, the social build-up of the gaucho culture, and male dominance, along with such interfaces that were built toward participants lives and the historical development of their trajectories on the History of Education area. Research adopted a quanti-qualitative approach, biased toward the qualitative side and data was analysed in a descriptive way. The urgent need for further studies on the gender relationships on Academe to bolster up organized resistance movements leading to the writing of a new local History of Education was perceived.
Este trabalho analisa algumas das repercussões da dominação masculina na região da fronteira do Rio Grande do Sul com o Uruguai no processo educacional e na trajetória profissional das professoras -alunas que cursaram o Programa de Formação de Professores em Serviço/Pedagogia oferecido pela Universidade da Região da Campa nha/URCAMP/Bagé/RS em julho de 2003, casadas ou em união estável e que constroem a História da Educação local no presente. Sabe-se que a dominação masculina é herança da família patriarcal e da sociedade androcêntrica que influenciou significativamente a formação social do gaúcho no século XIX. Verificou-se que esta se estendeu pelo século XX, parecendo abrandar-se no final do século. Entretanto, na região da fronteira do Rio Grande do Sul com o Uruguai esta ainda está presente, em pleno início do século XXI, pelas peculiaridades da região e através da perpetuação do Mito do gaúcho. Foram analisadas as relações de gênero (que se dão principalmente no espaço doméstico) e suas repercussões na vida de professoras que constroem a História da Educação regional no presente. Verificou-se que esta situação se evidencia mais na zona rural, embora também esteja presente na zona urbana dos pequenos e médios municípios da fronteira. A metodologia baseou-se na aplicação de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas, entrevistas semiestruturadas para captação da memória das entrevistadas e aplicação de uma técnica instigadora. Como eixos de pesquisa trabalhou-se com as manifestações do imaginário Sul-Rio-Grandense, a Formação Social do Gaúcho, a Dominação Masculina e suas interfaces na vida das participantes e a construção histórica da sua trajetória na História da Educação. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, com predomínio da qualitativa, sendo os dados analisados de forma descritiva. Percebeu-se a necessidade urgente de estudos sobre relações de gênero na Academia, com vistas à construção de nova História da Educação Regional.

Situer une profession, le metier d'infirmiere en l'occurence, dans les contradictions qui la traversent, decrire sa position actuelle au seuil de chamements a venir, qu'ils soient dus aux avancees technologiques, aux maladies ou au vieillissement de la clientele, cela met a jour certains premisses (fondements) de l'acte de soigner. Par des interviews et les perturbations induites dans le processus meme de la recherche (journal de recherche), apparaissent des determinants professionnels, dont une certaine "vulnerabilite" propre a ce metier situe au seuil des chambres ou l'aspect negatif qu'est la maladie et la mort est incontournable. Ce que j'appelle "durer dans la faille de la sante". L'analyse des implications met en lumiere ce qui enveloppe, souvent a son insu, le discours institutionnel. De meme le rapport au pouvoir, au savoir et au plaisir souffrance que l'acte de soigner entretient ou instaure dans le travail quotidien, est souvent apprehende comme un allant de soi, peu interroge, par cette profession encore a dominante feminine. .
The research on the heltth-care system is the thesis'aim. The first part is an overview of other researches about the nurses'work in france (1992). The "institutional analysis", with the concept of involvement and his accountabilities will be my research's field. For the second part, i drew a "survey cum inventory" through twenty-one interviews (nurses, patients, doctors, managerial staff, teachers), without denying their " vulnerability" and perturbations infered by the research itself. (research diary). The third part sqhows some of the relations to power, knowledge, pleasure and pain, wich the health- care maintains or etablishes in the common place of every day work. I name this : "to last in the health's gap". At the threshold of the future, at the threshold of the patient's room, this profession female dominant get the power of his revolvement

Ce mémoire présente la validation d’un outil sous forme de bandes dessinées visant à mesurer la reconnaissance du sexisme ambivalent (Glick et Fiske, 1996) dans les contextes scolaire et professionnel. Le concept du sexisme ambivalent comprend le sexisme hostile, qui évoque une perception de domination et de supériorité des hommes (Glick et Fiske, 1996), et le sexisme bienveillant, celui-ci reflétant une idéologie confortant les femmes dans les rôles traditionnels, et ce dans une attitude positive. En raison de cette connotation positive, le sexisme bienveillant est plus difficile à reconnaître comme étant du sexisme, contrairement au sexisme hostile. L’outil fut administré à 911 adultes afin d’évaluer si ceux-ci reconnaissent les manifestations de sexisme dans les vignettes de sexisme hostile et bienveillant, et ce en évaluant le degré de sexisme et du caractère agréable de chaque vignette. Les résultats démontrent que les adultes de l’échantillon considèrent les situations de sexisme comme étant sexistes et désagréables pour les femmes. Toutefois, le sexisme bienveillant est évalué comme étant moins sexiste et moins désagréable que le sexisme hostile. Les analyses factorielles démontrent que le sexisme hostile et le sexisme bienveillant sont distincts, mais que la dimensionnalité du sexisme bienveillant n’est pas conforme à la théorie. Comme prévu, les femmes évaluent les situations de sexisme comme étant plus sexistes et plus désagréables que les hommes. Des analyses corrélationnelles ont été réalisées entre le sexisme ambivalent et l’orientation de dominance sociale, la justification du système spécifique au genre et la désirabilité sociale. Conformément aux théories, plus les participants reconnaissent le sexisme, moins ils endossent l’orientation de dominance sociale et la justification du système. La désirabilité sociale influence peu les réponses des participants. La validité de l’outil est donc confirmée. Finalement, les limites du mémoire sont présentées ainsi que les applications possibles de ce questionnaire.
This master thesis dissertation describes the validation of a questionnaire made of comic strips and designed to measure the recognition of ambivalent sexism (Glick and Fiske, 1996) in the academic and professional contexts. This concept of ambivalent sexism includes hostile sexism, which evokes a perception of domination and superiority of men over women (Glick et Fiske, 1996), and benevolent sexism, which reflects an ideology consolidating women in traditional roles, and in a positive attitude. Because of this positive connotation, benevolent sexism is harder to recognize as a form of sexism, unlike hostile sexism. The questionnaire was administered to 911 adults to assess whether or not they recognize the manifestations of sexism in the vignettes of benevolent and hostile sexism and this, by evaluating the degree of sexism and pleasantness of each vignette. The results show that participants in the sample rated sexism situations as sexist and uncomfortable for woman involved. However, benevolent sexism is rated as less sexist and less unpleasant than hostile sexism. Factorial analysis show that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism are distinct concept but that the dimensionality of benevolent sexism is not in line with the theory. As expected, women rated sexism situations as more sexist and unpleasant than men. Correlational analysis were conducted between ambivalent sexism and social dominance orientation, gender-specific justification of the system, and social desirability in order to validate the new questionnaire. As the theories stipulates, the more the participants recognize sexism, the less they agree with the social dominance orientation and the justification of the system statements. There is little influence of social desirability on participants' responses. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed. Finally, the limits of the master thesis are presented as well as the possible applications of this questionnaire.

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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
As classes dominantes atuantes no campo tem priorizado a educação, enquanto elemento de sociabilidade, para camuflar a lógica de espoliação do agronegócio e criar legitimidade acerca da sociabilidade burguesa. Nesta realidade, o Sistema Nacional de Aprendizagem Rural, vinculado a entidade patronal Confederação Nacional de Agricultura e Pecuária, busca, desde sua fundação em 1991, ser uma referência na aprendizagem rural, de modo a constituir-se como a genuína “Escola da Terra”. Sob esta perspectiva, em 2012, o Senar passa a oferecer a modalidade destinada aos povos do campo do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego. Tal oferta foi possível devido às parcerias público-privadas que, no Brasil, consolidaram-se nos anos 1990, com a adoção das políticas neoliberais. A partir das especificidades do campo, cabe questionar como se organiza a Educação Profissional e quais os estudos existentes sobre essa modalidade de educação? Quais os objetivos de entidades ligadas a aparelhos “privados” de hegemonia da classe dominante ao ofertar ações voltadas a Educação Profissional no campo? Baseados nestes questionamentos, esse estudo pretende compreender, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a intencionalidade da burguesia em fomentar projetos educativos no campo, utilizando-se como exemplo as iniciativas educacionais do Senar.
The ruling classes engaged in the Brazilian countryside have prioritized the use of education as sociability element to camouflage the logic of plundering agribusiness and to legitimate the bourgeois sociability. In this reality, the Brazil’s National Rural Learning Service (SENAR), which operates under the guidelines of the Brazilian Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock (CNA), has sought since its foundation in 1991 to be a reference in the rural training to establish itself as the genuine Escola da Terra or “School of the Land”. From this perspective, in 2012, SENAR started to offer a new educational component of its National Program for Access to Technical Training and Employment (PRONATEC) aimed at rural people. Such offer was only made possible through partnerships between the private and public sector which have been consolidating in Brazil since the adoption of neoliberal policies in the 1990s. Considering the distinct characteristics of the rural sector, one should investigate how Professional Education is structured in Brazil and which are the past studies and research developed around this this educational modality. What are the objectives of entities connected to private apparatuses of hegemony of the ruling class in proposing Rural educational initiatives? Based on these questionings, this study intends to comprehend the intentions behind the bourgeois’ investments in the rural educational projects by using SENAR educational initiatives as an example through the document and bibliographical review of previous studies in the field.

Law and psychoanalysis are disciplines that address different questions and have different purposes. However efforts have been made to find some spaces for interdisciplinarity. One of these efforts has been to use judicial proceedings as places in which individual traumas can be transformed into cultural and social traumas. This article aims to show the risks and pitfalls of this enterprise by using a real life example. The purpose is to show how law can fail on this purpose and turn itself instead into a place for revictimization. In this latter scenario the role of lawyers and their professional duties play a key role.
El derecho y el psicoanálisis son disciplinas que tienen propósitos diferentes y se formulan preguntas distintas. No obstante, son varios los esfuerzos que se han hecho y las posibilidades que existen para que ambas disciplinas puedan interactuar. Una de las formas a través de la que se ha propuesto una aproximación interdisciplinar es la idea según la cual los procedimientos judiciales pueden convertirse en escenarios para la socialización de un trauma de naturaleza individual y su consecuente tránsito hacía un trauma cultural de tipo colectivo. El presente artículo tiene como propósito advertir los riesgos de esta estrategia y demostrar, a través de un ejemplo puntual, cómo los procesos judiciales pueden fallar en este propósito y constituirse más bien en un escenario de revictimización. En este proceso de revictimización juegan un papel determinante los abogados, la concepción estándar de la ética profesional del abogado y la forma en la que esta enmarca sus deberes profesionales.

This thesis takes as its starting point the proposition that the restricted development of law centres in the United Kingdom has been a result of the exercise of power by the legal profession. This was based on the evidence of the legal profession's influence on the initial development of public legal services policy and the profession's active opposition to the emergence of the first law centres in the United Kingdom. However, law centres remained on the margins of public legal services policy, despite the retreat of the profession from its original position. Thus, it was suggested that the key issue was not simply the power of the profession, but also the power of the dominant paradigms of legal practice, legal needs and legal services. This is reflected in the private practice and casework orientation of the legal aid system. Law centres challenge the dominant paradigms in many ways. They offer a multi-faceted approach to the resolution of the legal and socio-economic problems of the poor and do so in a not-for-profit, community-controlled and often collectivist context. Through quantitative and qualitative techniques employed in a multiple case study setting, this study sought to test the 'power hypothesis' empirically. Focusing on all of the law centres operating at any time between 1974 and 1997 in Strathclyde and the West Midlands, detailed accounts of significant events and periods in each centre's birth, life and, where appropriate, death were constructed. The thesis provides for the first time a social historical narrative of the development of law centres in these two locations. These accounts reveal that the profession and the dominant paradigms have had an impact on law centres in many significant ways. However, several of the greatest difficulties faced by law centres cannot be explained by reference to this conceptual framework. Accordingly, the thesis concludes that a wider theoretical framework is required to explain the development of law centres. This wider framework must draw on several existing traditions. It should recognise the importance of community, local and ethnic politics; social exclusion and ethnicity; and organisational and change management. However, it must also recognise the power of the legal profession and the dominant paradigms, as the additional challenges this brings distinguish the experience of law centres from that of other radical, community organisations.

This is a cross-national qualitative study with the purpose of obtaining perspectives held by people with quadriplegia and leading figures in disability movements in the Netherlands and Australia on the issues of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EPAS). A disability voice is not prominent in public debate on EPAS in Australia or the Netherlands, even though people with disabilities are often thought to be vulnerable in relation to EPAS policies. Disability perspectives are potentially valuable in illuminating issues in relation to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, because issues of dependence, independence, and individual autonomy play important roles in relation to both EPAS and to living with disability. The study's methodology uses a phenomenological approach and incorporates aspects of heuristics and grounded theory. Its conceptual framework incorporates MacIntyre's (1999) theory of acknowledged dependency and vulnerability; Habermas' (1989) theory of knowledge; and Festinger's (1959) theory of cognitive dissonance. The main sample of twenty people with quadriplegia (the grassroots sample) was interviewed in the Netherlands and in Australia.

The role of midwife has been an integral part of the culture of childbirth in Queensland throughout its history, but it is a role that has been modified and reshaped over time. This thesis explores the factors that underpinned a crucial aspect of that modification and reshaping. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors that contributed to the statutory regulation of midwives that began in 1912 and argues that it was that event that etched the development of midwifery practice for the remainder of the twentieth century. In 1859, when Queensland seceded from New South Wales, childbirth was very much a private event that took place predominantly in the home attended by a woman who acted as midwife. In the fifty-threeyears that followed, childbirth became a medical event that was the subject of scrutiny by the medical profession and the state. The thesis argues that, the year 1912 marks the point at which the practice of midwifery by midwives in Queensland began a transition from lay practice in the home to qualified status in the hospital. In 1912, through the combined efforts of the medical profession, senior nurses and the state, midwives in Queensland were brought under the jurisdiction of the Nurses' Registration Board as "midwifery nurses". The Nurses' Registration Board was established as part of the Health Act Amendment Act of 1911. The inclusion of midwives within a regulatory authority for nurses represented the beginning of the end of midwifery practice as a discrete occupational role and marked its redefinition as a nursing specialty. It was a redefinition that suited the three major stakeholders. The medical profession perceived lay midwives to be a disjointed and uncoordinated body of women whose practice contributed to needless loss of life in childbirth. Further, lay midwives inhibited the generalist medical practitioners' access to family practice. Trained nurses looked upon midwifery as an extension of nursing and one which offered them an area in which they might specialise in order to enhance their occupational status and career prospects. The state was keen to improve birth rates and to reduce infant mortality. It was prepared to accept that the regulation of midwives under the auspices of nursing was a reasonable and proper strategy and one that might assist it to meet its objectives. It was these separate, but complementary, agendas that prompted the medical profession and the state to debate the culture of childbirth, to examine the role of midwives within it, and to support the amalgamation of nursing and midwifery practice. This thesis argues that the medical profession was the most active and persistent protagonist in the moves to limit the scope of midwives and to claim midwifery practice as a medical specialty. Through a campaign to defame midwives and to reduce their credibility as birth attendants, the medical profession enlisted the help of senior nurses and the state in order to redefine midwifery practice as a nursing role and to cultivate the notion of the midwife as a subordinate to the medical practitioner. While this thesis contests the intervention of the medical profession in the reproductive lives of women and the occupational territory of midwives, it concedes that there was a need to initiate change. Drawing on evidence submitted at Inquests into deaths associated with childbirth, the thesis illuminates a childbirth culture that was characterised by anguish and suffering and it depicts the lay midwife as a further peril to an already hazardous event that helps to explain medical intervention in childbirth and, in part, to excuse it. The strategies developed by the medical profession and the state to bring about the occupational transition of midwives from lay to qualified were based upon a conceptual unity between the work of midwives and nurses. That conceptualisation was reinforced by a practical training schedule that deployed midwives within the institution of the lying-in hospital in order to receive the formal instruction that underpinned their entitlement to inclusion on the Register of Midwifery Nurses held by the Nurses' Registration Board. The structure that was put in place in Queensland in 1912 to control and monitor the practice of midwives was consistent with the policies of other Australian states at that time. It was an arrangement that gained acceptance and strength over time so that by the end of the twentieth century, throughout Australia, the practice of midwifery by midwives was, generally, consequent upon prior qualification as a Registered Nurse. In Queensland, in the opening years of the twenty-first century, the role of midwife remains tied to that of the nurse but the balance of power has shifted from the medical profession to the nursing profession. At this time, with the exception of a small number of midwives who have acquired their qualification in midwifery from an overseas country that recognises midwifery practice as a discipline independent of nursing, the vast majority of midwives practising in Queensland do so on the basis of their registration as a nurse. Methodology This thesis explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. The historical approach underpins this research. The historical approach is an inductive process that is an appropriate method to employ for several reasons. First, it assists in identifying the origins of midwifery as a social role performed by women. Second, it presents a systematic way of analysing the evidence concerning the development of the midwifery role and the status of the midwife in society. Third, it highlights the political, social and economic influences which have impacted on midwifery in the past and which have had a bearing on subsequent midwifery practice in Queensland. Fourth, the historical approach exposes important chronological elements pertaining to the research question. Finally, it assists the exposure of themes in the sources that demonstrate the behaviour of key individuals and governing authorities and their connection to the transition of midwifery from lay to qualified. Consequently, through analysing the sources and collating the emerging evidence, a cogent account of interpretations of midwifery history in Queensland may be constructed. Data collection and analysis The data collection began with secondary source material in the formative stages of the research and this provided direction for the primary sources that were later accessed. The primary source material that is employed includes testimonies submitted at Inquests into maternal and neonatal deaths; parliamentary records; legislation, government gazettes, and medical journals. The data has been analysed through an inductive process and its presentation has combined exploration and narration to produce an accurate and plausible account. The story that unfolds is complex and confusing. Its primary focus lies in ascertaining why and how midwifery practice was regulated in Queensland. The thesis therefore explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. Limitations of the study The limitations of the study relate to the documentary evidence and to the cultural group that form the basis of the study. It is acknowledged that historical accounts rely upon the integrity of the historian to select and interpret the data in a fair and plausible manner. In the case of this thesis, one of its limitations is that midwives did not speak for themselves but were, instead, spoken for by medical practitioners and parliamentarians. As a consequence, the coronial and magisterial testimonies that are employed constitute a limitation in that while they reveal the ways in which lay midwifery occurred, they relate only to those childbirth events that resulted in death. Thus, they may be said to represent the minority of cases involving the lay midwife rather than to offer a broader and perhaps more balanced picture. A second limitation is that the accounts are recorded by an official such as a member of the police or of the Coroner's Office and are sanctioned by the witness with a signature or, more often, a cross. It is therefore possible that the recorder has guided these accounts and that they are not the spontaneous evidence of the witness. Those witnesses and the culture they represent are drawn predominantly from non- Indigenous working class. Thus, a third limitation is that the principal ethnic group featured in this thesis has been women of European descent who were born in Queensland or other parts of Australia. This focus has originated from the data itself and has not been contrived. However, it does impose a restriction to the scope of the study.

The role of midwife has been an integral part of the culture of childbirth in Queensland throughout its history, but it is a role that has been modified and reshaped over time. This thesis explores the factors that underpinned a crucial aspect of that modification and reshaping. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors that contributed to the statutory regulation of midwives that began in 1912 and argues that it was that event that etched the development of midwifery practice for the remainder of the twentieth century. In 1859, when Queensland seceded from New South Wales, childbirth was very much a private event that took place predominantly in the home attended by a woman who acted as midwife. In the fifty-threeyears that followed, childbirth became a medical event that was the subject of scrutiny by the medical profession and the state. The thesis argues that, the year 1912 marks the point at which the practice of midwifery by midwives in Queensland began a transition from lay practice in the home to qualified status in the hospital. In 1912, through the combined efforts of the medical profession, senior nurses and the state, midwives in Queensland were brought under the jurisdiction of the Nurses' Registration Board as "midwifery nurses". The Nurses' Registration Board was established as part of the Health Act Amendment Act of 1911. The inclusion of midwives within a regulatory authority for nurses represented the beginning of the end of midwifery practice as a discrete occupational role and marked its redefinition as a nursing specialty. It was a redefinition that suited the three major stakeholders. The medical profession perceived lay midwives to be a disjointed and uncoordinated body of women whose practice contributed to needless loss of life in childbirth. Further, lay midwives inhibited the generalist medical practitioners' access to family practice. Trained nurses looked upon midwifery as an extension of nursing and one which offered them an area in which they might specialise in order to enhance their occupational status and career prospects. The state was keen to improve birth rates and to reduce infant mortality. It was prepared to accept that the regulation of midwives under the auspices of nursing was a reasonable and proper strategy and one that might assist it to meet its objectives. It was these separate, but complementary, agendas that prompted the medical profession and the state to debate the culture of childbirth, to examine the role of midwives within it, and to support the amalgamation of nursing and midwifery practice. This thesis argues that the medical profession was the most active and persistent protagonist in the moves to limit the scope of midwives and to claim midwifery practice as a medical specialty. Through a campaign to defame midwives and to reduce their credibility as birth attendants, the medical profession enlisted the help of senior nurses and the state in order to redefine midwifery practice as a nursing role and to cultivate the notion of the midwife as a subordinate to the medical practitioner. While this thesis contests the intervention of the medical profession in the reproductive lives of women and the occupational territory of midwives, it concedes that there was a need to initiate change. Drawing on evidence submitted at Inquests into deaths associated with childbirth, the thesis illuminates a childbirth culture that was characterised by anguish and suffering and it depicts the lay midwife as a further peril to an already hazardous event that helps to explain medical intervention in childbirth and, in part, to excuse it. The strategies developed by the medical profession and the state to bring about the occupational transition of midwives from lay to qualified were based upon a conceptual unity between the work of midwives and nurses. That conceptualisation was reinforced by a practical training schedule that deployed midwives within the institution of the lying-in hospital in order to receive the formal instruction that underpinned their entitlement to inclusion on the Register of Midwifery Nurses held by the Nurses' Registration Board. The structure that was put in place in Queensland in 1912 to control and monitor the practice of midwives was consistent with the policies of other Australian states at that time. It was an arrangement that gained acceptance and strength over time so that by the end of the twentieth century, throughout Australia, the practice of midwifery by midwives was, generally, consequent upon prior qualification as a Registered Nurse. In Queensland, in the opening years of the twenty-first century, the role of midwife remains tied to that of the nurse but the balance of power has shifted from the medical profession to the nursing profession. At this time, with the exception of a small number of midwives who have acquired their qualification in midwifery from an overseas country that recognises midwifery practice as a discipline independent of nursing, the vast majority of midwives practising in Queensland do so on the basis of their registration as a nurse. Methodology This thesis explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. The historical approach underpins this research. The historical approach is an inductive process that is an appropriate method to employ for several reasons. First, it assists in identifying the origins of midwifery as a social role performed by women. Second, it presents a systematic way of analysing the evidence concerning the development of the midwifery role and the status of the midwife in society. Third, it highlights the political, social and economic influences which have impacted on midwifery in the past and which have had a bearing on subsequent midwifery practice in Queensland. Fourth, the historical approach exposes important chronological elements pertaining to the research question. Finally, it assists the exposure of themes in the sources that demonstrate the behaviour of key individuals and governing authorities and their connection to the transition of midwifery from lay to qualified. Consequently, through analysing the sources and collating the emerging evidence, a cogent account of interpretations of midwifery history in Queensland may be constructed. Data collection and analysis The data collection began with secondary source material in the formative stages of the research and this provided direction for the primary sources that were later accessed. The primary source material that is employed includes testimonies submitted at Inquests into maternal and neonatal deaths; parliamentary records; legislation, government gazettes, and medical journals. The data has been analysed through an inductive process and its presentation has combined exploration and narration to produce an accurate and plausible account. The story that unfolds is complex and confusing. Its primary focus lies in ascertaining why and how midwifery practice was regulated in Queensland. The thesis therefore explores the factors that influenced the decision to regulate midwifery practice in Queensland in 1912 and the means by which that regulation was achieved. Limitations of the study The limitations of the study relate to the documentary evidence and to the cultural group that form the basis of the study. It is acknowledged that historical accounts rely upon the integrity of the historian to select and interpret the data in a fair and plausible manner. In the case of this thesis, one of its limitations is that midwives did not speak for themselves but were, instead, spoken for by medical practitioners and parliamentarians. As a consequence, the coronial and magisterial testimonies that are employed constitute a limitation in that while they reveal the ways in which lay midwifery occurred, they relate only to those childbirth events that resulted in death. Thus, they may be said to represent the minority of cases involving the lay midwife rather than to offer a broader and perhaps more balanced picture. A second limitation is that the accounts are recorded by an official such as a member of the police or of the Coroner's Office and are sanctioned by the witness with a signature or, more often, a cross. It is therefore possible that the recorder has guided these accounts and that they are not the spontaneous evidence of the witness. Those witnesses and the culture they represent are drawn predominantly from non- Indigenous working class. Thus, a third limitation is that the principal ethnic group featured in this thesis has been women of European descent who were born in Queensland or other parts of Australia. This focus has originated from the data itself and has not been contrived. However, it does impose a restriction to the scope of the study.

M.A.
The purpose of Personal and Professional Leadership (PPL) facilitating is to bring about intrapersonal, interpersonal and professional change and development in trainees. In order to ensure that these changes occur, trainees should be addressed on emotional as well as rational level -whether by means of PPL counselling and I or a PPL course. Personal and Professional Leadership development therefore focuses on constant growth and change. Growth is a prerequisite for change, which in turn necessitates learning. A common problem that hinders change and growth is that participants in a training group normally hail from heterogeneous backgrounds. This implies different personality traits, values, perceptions and belief systems, which influence directly how a person learns and processes information during a course. Consequently, the need exists to gain insight into the personality types and learning styles of groups in order to make adjustments in the activities of the course package. The preliminary literature study revealed that insightful similarities exist between different temperament, learning and personality styles on the one hand and brain dominance on the other hand. The need arose to research a suitable instrument within the PPL field with a rich interpretation, being simple, quick to complete and easy to interpret. The preliminary literature study confirmed that this could be achieved by using the Neethling Brain Instrument (NBI) as a brain dominance assessment instrument. The following research question was asked: Should brain dominance be used as an assessment instrument, would an enriched interpretation be possible by means of investigating temperament, learning and personality styles? The central objective of the research is to investigate the potential link between brain dominance and temperament, learning and personality styles, in order to facilitate the compilation of a personal portrayal profile of the group through interpretation from literature. This personal portrayal profile will give the facilitator insight into the different learning, personality and thinking styles of the group that will ensure a better understanding of the training group before training commences. This insight will help the facilitator to initiate change and growth. The research design for this study may be regarded as an exploratory and descriptive literature research study. The phenomenological method of research was applied. By means of logical deduction (i.e. logical arguing about the acceptability of certain essential characteristics), the different temperament, learning and personality styles were evaluated (inter-subjective evaluation) for the applicability on brain dominance, in order to draft the personal portrayal profile.

Social workers make up a significant number of the professionals and are key members of multidisciplinary teams employed within the health sector in Queensland. Shifting government priorities such as increased governance, managerialism, privatisation and marketisation of the health sector in Queensland are consistently shaping health service delivery. These are subsequently reflected in the delivery of social work services in this context. This has prompted an exploration of how social workers develop and maintain their professional identity when working amidst the presence of medical dominance and evolving neoliberal ideology that underpin the operation of health services within Queensland.

Depuis que le premier cas de burnout fut diagnostiqué dans les années 1970 par le psychologue et psychanalyste Freudenberger, ce phénomène de « fatigue pathologique » a connu une popularité considérable en Occident. Depuis lors, même si la littérature publiée sur le phénomène semble quantitativement importante, une analyse plus approfondie montre que la littérature s'en tient généralement à traiter le problème du burnout sous un angle soit psychologique, soit médical. Très peu d'analyses soulèvent les dimensions politiques, économiques et culturelles pour tenter d'expliquer le retentissement que connaît cette figure contemporaine de la fatigue pathologique. Pourtant, les problèmes de santé mentale au travail concernent un nombre croissant d'individus. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'alimenter une analyse macrosociologique critique du phénomène du burnout qui ose prendre ses distances avec l'angle psychologique généralement adopté. Alors que le traitement de la maladie privilégie une approche à la fois « psychologisante » et à la fois « individualisante », la présente recherche propose d'apporter un nouvel éclairage à la compréhension du phénomène du burnout et aux réponses sociales (changements dans l'organisation du travail) et thérapeutiques (médicaments psychotropes, psychothérapies) en centrant notre regard sur ce qui caractérise les transformations de son contexte d'émergence. Nous questionnerons le rapport entre facteurs d'émergence du burnout et normativité contemporaine (Ehrenberg, 2000, 1996, 1991; Enriquez; 1983; Otero, 2003, 2005). Nous mettrons aussi à contribution l'apport théorique de Martuccelli (2004, 2005) sur les nouvelles figures de la domination pour discuter certaines pratiques de gestion répandues dans le domaine du travail. Cette étude des nouvelles formes de normativité et des nouvelles figures de domination autour desquelles se structure l'ordre social actuel servira à faire ressortir les nouveaux types d'épreuves psychiques que sont de plus en plus susceptibles de « vivre » les travailleuses et travailleurs dans la période contemporaine. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Burnout, Santé mentale, Normativité, Travail, Organisation du travail contemporain, Figures de domination.