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1
Lanone, Sophie, and Jorge Boczkowski. "Les nanomatériaux sont-ils dangereux pour notre santé ?" Questions de santé publique, no. 10 (September 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/qsp/2010010.
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Les nanotechnologies produisent des matériaux à l’échelle du nanomètre appelés nanomatériaux. Les nanomatériaux ont des propriétés spécifiques, très intéressantes d’un point de vue industriel, ce qui explique leur production et leur utilisation croissantes dans des produits de consommation courante, et en particulier dans des produits d’hygiène personnelle. Cependant, des inquiétudes s’expriment concernant leur potentielle toxicité pour la santé humaine. Dans cet article, nous proposons une synthèse des connaissances actuelles concernant les effets des nanomatériaux sur la santé. Devant le champ quasi-vierge de ces connaissances, il apparaît urgent, d’une part, de développer les recherches en toxicologie sur ces nouveaux matériaux et, d’autre part, de disposer d’informations de la part des producteurs de nanomatériaux pour pouvoir mesurer les niveaux d’exposition des personnes qui les manipulent. Ceci est un préalable à la mise en place de mesures de précaution sanitaire appropriées, si cela s’avère nécessaire.
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Stagg, Nicola J., Hanan N. Ghantous, Gregory S. Ladics, Robert V. House, Steven M. Gendel, and Kenneth L. Hastings. "Workshop Proceedings." International Journal of Toxicology 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812471864.
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A workshop entitled “Challenges and Opportunities in Evaluating Protein Allergenicity across Biotechnology Industries” was held at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) in San Francisco, California. The workshop was sponsored by the Biotechnology Specialty Section of SOT and was designed to present the science-based approaches used in biotechnology industries to evaluate and regulate protein allergenicity. A panel of experts from industry and government highlighted the allergenicity testing requirements and research in the agricultural, pharmaceutical/biopharma, and vaccine biotechnology industries and addressed challenges and opportunities for advancing the science of protein allergenicity. The main learning from the workshop was that immunoglobulin E-mediated allergenicity of biotechnology-derived products is difficult to assess without human data. The approaches currently being used to evaluate potential for allergenicity across biotechnology industries are very different and range from bioinformatics, in vitro serology, in vivo animal testing, in vitro and in vivo functional assays, and “biosimilar” assessments (ie, biotherapeutic equivalents to innovator products). The challenge remains with regard to the different or lack of regulatory requirements for allergenicity testing across industries, but the novel approaches being used with bioinformatics and biosimilars may lead to opportunities in the future to collaborate across biotechnology industries.
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Wiart, Christophe, Afsana Amin Shorna, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Jaya Seelan Sathya Seelan, Homathevi Rahman, Nor Azizun Rusdi, Nazirah Mustaffa, Layane Elbehairy, and Mazdida Sulaiman. "The Garlic Tree of Borneo, Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. (Olacaceae): Potential Utilization in Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Functional Cosmetic Industries." Molecules 28, no. 15 (July 28, 2023): 5717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155717.
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Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc. is attracting increased attention as a potential commercial medicinal plant product in Southeast Asia. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the taxonomy, habitat, distribution, medicinal uses, natural products, pharmacology, toxicology, and potential utilization of S. borneesis in the pharmaceutical/nutraceutical/functional cosmetic industries. All data in this review were compiled from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1866 to 2022. A total of 33 natural products have been identified, of which 11 were organosulfur compounds. The main organosulfur compound in the seeds is bis-(methylthiomethyl)disulfide, which inhibited the growth of a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, T-lymphoblastic leukemia cells, as well as platelet aggregation. Organic extracts evoked anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anti-free radical, and termiticidal effects. S. borneensis and its natural products have important and potentially patentable pharmacological properties. In particular, the seeds have the potential to be used as a source of food preservatives, antiseptics, or termiticides. However, there is a need to establish acute and chronic toxicity, to examine in vivo pharmacological effects and to perform clinical studies.
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Prior, Helen, Thomas Monticello, Virginie Boulifard, Frank R. Brennan, and Ian Kimber. "Integration of Consortia Recommendations for Justification of Animal Use Within Current and Future Drug Development Paradigms." International Journal of Toxicology 38, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581819852922.
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The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries continually review the requirements for, and relevance of, safety assessment strategies. Various industry consortia are currently discussing and reviewing data on a range of topics with respect to regulatory toxicology programs. These consortia are charged with critical evaluation of data and the identification of opportunities to promote best practice and to introduce improved approaches to safety assessment. Such improvements may include enhanced predictivity, more efficient ways of working, and opportunities for promoting and implementing the 3Rs (replacement, refinement, or reduction). As each consortium is considering a distinct question, individual outputs and recommendations could be perceived to be conflicting. However, a common theme embraced by the consortia represented here is exploration of the most appropriate use of animals for the safety assessment of new medicinal products. This short review summarizes presentations and discussions from a symposium describing the work of four industry consortia and considers whether their recommendations can be aligned into realistic approaches to improve future toxicology testing strategies, highlighting justification for the appropriate use of different animal species and opportunities for reductions in animal use without compromising patient safety.
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Zhang, Z. Y., Y. L. Zhao, and Z. F. Chai. "Nuclear analytical techniques for nanotoxicology studies." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0061.
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Abstract With the rapid development of nanotechnology and its applications, a wide variety of nanomaterials are now used in commodities, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, biomedical products, and industries. The potential interactions of nanomaterials with living systems and the environment have attracted increasing attention from the public, as well as from manufacturers of nanomaterial-based products, academic researchers and policymakers. It is important to consider the environmental, health and safety aspects at an early stage of nanomaterial development and application in order to more effectively identify and manage potential human and environmental health impacts from nanomaterial exposure. This will require research in a range of areas, including detection and characterization, environmental fate and transport, ecotoxicolgy and toxicology. Nuclear analytical techniques (NATs) can play an important role in such studies due to their intrinsic merits such as high sensitivity, good accuracy, high space resolution, ability to distinguish the endogenous or exogenous sources of materials, and ability of in situ and in vivo analysis. In this paper, the applications of NATs in nanotoxicological and nanoecotoxicological studies are outlined, and some recent results obtained in our laboratory are reported.
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Mastanjević, Kristina, Jasmina Lukinac, Marko Jukić, Bojan Šarkanj, Vinko Krstanović, and Krešimir Mastanjević. "Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products." Toxins 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010030.
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Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites—toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.
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Dasari, Sreenivasulu, Muni Swamy Ganjayi, and Balaji Meriga. "Glutathione S-transferase is a good biomarker in acrylamide induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intox-2018-0007.
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Abstract Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Zhou, Hangyu, Jing Zhao, Aitao Li, and Manfred T. Reetz. "Chemical and Biocatalytic Routes to Arbutin †." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183303.
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Arbutin (also called β-arbutin) is a natural product occurring in the leaves of a variety of different plants, the bearberries of the Ericaceae and Saxifragaceae families being prominent examples. It is a β-glucoside derived from hydroquinone (HQ; 1,4-dihydroxybenzene). Arbutin has been identified in traditional Chinese folk medicines as having, inter alia, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that useful in the treatment of different ailments including urinary diseases. Today, it is also used worldwide for the treatment of skin ailments by way of depigmenting, which means that arbutin is a component of many products in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. It is also relevant in the food industry. Hundreds of publications have appeared describing the isolation, structure determination, toxicology, synthesis, and biological properties of arbutin as well as the molecular mechanism of melanogenesis (tyrosinase inhibition). This review covers the most important aspects with special emphasis on the chemical and biocatalytic methods for the production of arbutin.
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Junaid, Muhammad, Riffat Naseem Malik, and De-Sheng Pei. "Health hazards of child labor in the leather products and surgical instrument manufacturing industries of Sialkot, Pakistan." Environmental Pollution 226 (July 2017): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.026.
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Fonseca, Sara, Mariana Neves Amaral, Catarina Pinto Reis, and Luísa Custódio. "Marine Natural Products as Innovative Cosmetic Ingredients." Marine Drugs 21, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21030170.
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Over the course of the last 20 years, numerous studies have identified the benefits of an array of marine natural ingredients for cosmetic purposes, as they present unique characteristics not found in terrestrial organisms. Consequently, several marine-based ingredients and bioactive compounds are under development, used or considered for skin care and cosmetics. Despite the multitude of cosmetics based on marine sources, only a small proportion of their full potential has been exploited. Many cosmetic industries have turned their attention to the sea to obtain innovative marine-derived compounds for cosmetics, but further research is needed to determine and elucidate the benefits. This review gathers information on the main biological targets for cosmetic ingredients, different classes of marine natural products of interest for cosmetic applications, and the organisms from which such products can be sourced. Although organisms from different phyla present different and varied bioactivities, the algae phylum seems to be the most promising for cosmetic applications, presenting compounds of many classes. In fact, some of these compounds present higher bioactivities than their commercialized counterparts, demonstrating the potential presented by marine-derived compounds for cosmetic applications (i.e., Mycosporine-like amino acids and terpenoids’ antioxidant activity). This review also summarizes the major challenges and opportunities faced by marine-derived cosmetic ingredients to successfully reach the market. As a future perspective, we consider that fruitful cooperation among academics and cosmetic industries could lead to a more sustainable market through responsible sourcing of ingredients, implementing ecological manufacturing processes, and experimenting with inventive recycling and reuse programs.
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Prasanth, S. M., P. Senthil Kumar, S. Harish, M. Rishikesh, Sonil Nanda, and Dai-Viet N. Vo. "Application of biomass derived products in mid-size automotive industries: A review." Chemosphere 280 (October 2021): 130723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130723.
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Hunt, Neil. "4 An Introduction to the Sunshine Project Investigating the Risk Assessment of Multicomponent Nanomaterials." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): i77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.185.
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Abstract Multicomponent nanomaterials (MCNM), sometimes called nanohybrids, are advanced materials receiving increased interest in their novel or enhanced properties. Research into MCNM is in its infancy meaning that little is known about their hazard, risk or whether there is regulatory preparedness for their increased use. SUNSHINE is an industry-oriented project, where leading research and technology organisations will cooperate with SMEs and large industries to develop and implement simple, robust, and cost-effective Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) strategies for materials and products incorporating advanced multi-component nanomaterials. This presentation will introduce the key elements in the project including investigations into whether existing characterisation and toxicology testing protocols are applicable and whether existing regulatory frameworks are fit for purpose for these complex structures. It will also introduce how MCNM are being used as a case study for the use of the Safe and Sustainable by Design framework. SUNSHINE project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 952924.
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Cherecheș, Marius Călin, Alin Dospinescu, and Hajnal Finta. "The digital presence of the leading brands in the category of Food for Special Medical Purposes." Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2023-0029.
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Abstract ObjectiveFood for Special Medical Purposes (FSMP) is a niche area in the food and healthcare industries that produces foods to meet the dietary requirements of people with specific medical conditions. These products provide specific nutrient amounts and ratios, which can be used as a supplement to a conventional diet, part of an entire medical treatment plan, or as a sole source of Nutrition. The market is expected to generate revenues of $19.67 billion in 2028. Most FSMPs products are purchased individually by patients or caregivers. Although these products are not advertised directly to the public might be bought online from pharmacies and other online shops. This research aims to evaluate the online presence of the most important brands within the FSMPs category and how the patients get to the online shops without direct-to-consumer advertisement. Methods:This exploratory qualitative research study examines the online presence of FSMP products and key brands using SEO as the main digital technique. Data sources included Romanian websites, Google SERPs, Brandmentions.com, Semrush, and Ubersuggest. Results: The findings showed that these websites received only a small amount of direct traffic, with only a few hundred monthly visits. To increase organic visibility, businesses must follow regulatory requirements, collaborate with medical experts, engage with potential clients, and exhibit their products at medical events and fairs. Content marketing is crucial for FSMP brands to engage with their target audience and deliver valuable information. Conclusions: FSMP brands cannot advertise directly to consumers. Instead, they should focus on SEO, reputable online pharmacies, e-commerce shops, and content marketing. This research applies to FSMP brands, digital marketers, and online pharmacies to effectively connect with target demographics, promote products, navigate regulatory constraints, and enhance online presence, improving accessibility and awareness.
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Vishakha Sharma, Rahul C Ranveer, Neelam Jain, and Gajender Kumar Aseri. "Bacteriocins: Production, different strategies of purification and applications." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (July 12, 2019): 1808–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1376.
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Food safety and quality are the major concern for food processing industries. In today's world, people are getting more conscious about food safety parameters. In this regard, bacteriocin plays a major role in ensuring the safety and quality of food products. From those, LAB bacteriocins are of great interest due to their GRAS status. They are widely used in food preservation, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. They have also been incorporated into food packaging material due to their both antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this review, we highlighted the possible ways to produce and purify bacteriocin and also the potential application to be used as a natural preservative.
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Borate, Shilpa R. "HERBAL COSMECEUTICALS - INTENSIFIES HEALTH AND BEAUTY OF THE SKIN." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i6.1912.
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Cosmetics with biologically active chemicals that claim to provide medical or drug-like advantages are referred to as cosmeceuticals. Cosmeceuticals are used to improve and nourish the appearance of the skin and treat various dermatological conditions. In recent days, a number of cosmeceutical products have been placed on the market with greater effectiveness. Moisturizers, sunscreens, pigment brighteners and other formulations have been revamped into makeshift forms with the addition of drug-like ingredients for better results. Although the effects may be small, these products still improve the feel and appearance of the skin with continued use over a period time; so there is a great opportunity to explore this avenue. This review aims to highlight current scenario of cosmeceutical industries and describes existing compound classes like retinoids, botanicals, hydroxy Acids used in cosmeceutical industries.
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Rovida, Costanza, David Basketter, Silvia Casati, Odile de Silva, Helma Hermans, Ian Kimber, Irene Manou, Hans Ulrich Weltzien, and Erwin Roggen. "Management of an Integrated Project (Sens-it-iv) to Develop In Vitro Tests to Assess Sensitisation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 35, no. 3 (June 2007): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290703500311.
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Sens-it-iv is an integrated project, funded by European Commission Framework Programme 6, the overall objective of which is to develop in vitro tests and test strategies to be used by the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries to assess the risk for potential contact and respiratory sensitisers. Such tests, once formally validated and accepted, will permit the evaluation of the sensitising potential of existing and new chemical entities and the products of the European industries for classification and labelling, as required by the new EU REACH legislation on chemicals, or for the purpose of risk assessment as required by the 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive. Sens-it-iv involves 28 partners, representing industries, universities and regulatory bodies, including various institutes in the EU Member States and different competencies, all with the common aim of achieving a final deliverable — increasing the safety of consumer products, whilst reducing animal experimentation. This paper provides an overview of the structure of the project and a detailed description of the organisation of its management.
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Sammi, Shreesh Raj, Rachel M. Foguth, Claudia Sofía Nieves, Chloe De Perre, Peter Wipf, Cynthia T. McMurray, Linda S. Lee, and Jason R. Cannon. "Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) Produces Dopaminergic Neuropathology in Caenorhabditis elegans." Toxicological Sciences 172, no. 2 (August 19, 2019): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz191.
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AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely utilized in numerous industries. Due to long environmental and biological half-lives, PFOS is a major public health concern. Although the literature suggests that PFOS may induce neurotoxicity, neurotoxic mechanisms, and neuropathology are poorly understood. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to determine if PFOS is selectively neurotoxic and potentially relevant to specific neurological diseases. Nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) were exposed to PFOS or related per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for 72 h and tested for evidence of neuropathology through examination of cholinergic, dopaminergic, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic, and serotoninergic neuronal morphologies. Dopaminergic and cholinergic functional analyses were assessed through 1-nonanol and Aldicarb assay. Mechanistic studies assessed total reactive oxygen species, superoxide ions, and mitochondrial content. Finally, therapeutic approaches were utilized to further examine pathogenic mechanisms. Dopaminergic neuropathology occurred at lower exposure levels (25 ppm, approximately 50 µM) than required to produce neuropathology in GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic neurons (100 ppm, approximately 200 µM). Further, PFOS exposure led to dopamine-dependent functional deficits, without altering acetylcholine-dependent paralysis. Mitochondrial content was affected by PFOS at far lower exposure level than required to induce pathology (≥1 ppm, approximately 2 µM). Perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure also enhanced oxidative stress. Further, mutation in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase rendered animals more vulnerable. Neuroprotective approaches such as antioxidants, PFAS-protein dissociation, and targeted (mitochondrial) radical and electron scavenging were neuroprotective, suggesting specific mechanisms of action. In general, other tested PFAS were less neurotoxic. The primary impact is to prompt research into potential adverse outcomes related to PFAS-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in humans.
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Roy, Vikash Chandra, Md Rakibul Islam, Sultana Sadia, Momota Yeasmin, Jin-Seok Park, Hee-Jeong Lee, and Byung-Soo Chun. "Trash to Treasure: An Up-to-Date Understanding of the Valorization of Seafood By-Products, Targeting the Major Bioactive Compounds." Marine Drugs 21, no. 9 (September 9, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21090485.
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Fishery production is exponentially growing, and its by-products negatively impact industries’ economic and environmental status. The large amount of bioactive micro- and macromolecules in fishery by-products, including lipids, proteins, peptides, amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes, collagen, gelatin, chitin, chitosan, and fucoidan, need to be utilized through effective strategies and proper management. Due to the bioactive and healthy compounds in fishery discards, these components can be used as functional food ingredients. Fishery discards have inorganic or organic value to add to or implement in various sectors (such as the agriculture, medical, and pharmaceutical industries). However, the best use of these postharvest raw materials for human welfare remains unelucidated in the scientific community. This review article describes the most useful techniques and methods, such as obtaining proteins and peptides, fatty acids, enzymes, minerals, and carotenoids, as well as collagen, gelatin, and polysaccharides such as chitin–chitosan and fucoidan, to ensure the best use of fishery discards. Marine-derived bioactive compounds have biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. These high-value compounds are used in various industrial sectors, such as the food and cosmetic industries, owing to their unique functional and characteristic structures. This study aimed to determine the gap between misused fishery discards and their effects on the environment and create awareness for the complete valorization of fishery discards, targeting a sustainable world.
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Cuanalo-Contreras, Karina, and Dennis Benkmann. "Towards More Human and Humane Testing: The Role of the Device Supplier Industry." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 50, no. 1 (January 2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02611929211073132.
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In vivo testing has been the gold standard for preclinical drug development and toxicology. However, animal-based methods often lack human relevance and have a low predictability rate, not to mention the enormous ethical and financial concerns associated with their use. For instance, according to the US Congressional Budget Office ( cbo.gov ), it takes an average of 10.5 years to take a compound from the preclinical phase to the market, with a cost of US$1–US$2 billion. 90% of drugs that are tested in animals and enter clinical trials fail due to lack of safety and efficacy — this fact questions the significance of in vivo testing. Cells in culture can recapitulate certain aspects of physiology and disease, as well as indicate drug responses and toxicity. Thus, they represent a sophisticated human-relevant and humane alternative. With advances in the in vitro field, it is anticipated that confidence will be gained towards a move away from traditional in vivo models. Specialised supplier industries have been a driving force in the transition to non-animal research, by translating new approach methodologies into scalable products that have been adopted by the regulatory and testing industries — but we are still at the beginning. In this article, we introduce the perspective of the device supplier industry on the current challenges and opportunities surrounding the adoption of new in vitro methods, with the goal of promoting effective co-operation with scientists and other stakeholders. In addition, we highlight some examples of where non-animal approaches have been used in regulatory submissions, as well as listing some educational and training resources that can help when selecting the most appropriate assay.
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Gu, Xin, Kaitao Chen, Min Cai, Zhongyi Yin, Xingang Liu, and Xingru Li. "Study on the Fingerprint and Atmospheric Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Typical Industrial Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043517.
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China is prone to severe surface ozone pollution in summer, so it is very important to understand the source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to control ozone formation. In this work, the emission characteristics of 91 VOC components from the plastic products industry, packaging and printing industries, printing ink industry, furniture manufacturing and vehicle manufacturing industries were studied. The results show that there are significant differences between these sources, and for the plastic products industry, alkanes (48%) are the most abundant VOCs. The main emission species in the packaging and printing industry are OVOCs (36%) and alkanes (34%). The proportion of OVOCs in the printing ink (73%) and furniture manufacturing industries (49%) is dominated by VOC emissions; aromatic hydrocarbons (33%), alkanes (33%), and OVOCs (17%) are the main emission species in the vehicle manufacturing industry. At the same time, the ozone generation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOA) of anthropogenic VOC emissions were evaluated, and the top 10 contributors to OFP and SOA were identified. Toluene, o-xylene, and m-xylene had a significant tendency to form OFP or SOA. Then, a health risk assessment of VOC components was carried out. These data can supplement the existing VOC emission characteristics of anthropogenic emissions, thus enriching the research progress of VOC emission sources.
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Raghuprakash P, Gowrav M P, Gangadharappa H V, and Hemanth Kumar S. "Rapid microbiological testing method." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 3927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2582.
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Classical microbiological methods currently have unacceptably long cycle times. Rapid microbiological strategies are accessible within the marketplace for about 10 years and are mostly used in the clinical laboratory and in food industries. However, their reapplication in the pharma industry has wide range of advantage. A comparison with ancient strategies to be conjointly performed. During this review, data concerning the validation of RMM strategies described within the document was given in addition as proof of the issue of validation of those strategies. A comparison with ancient strategies is additionally mentioned. This data is beneficial to the industries and in the labs which will doubtless be adopted. These strategies for microorganism free products. This methodology for microorganism identification will be delicate, accurate and fast. How the laboratory should be maintained for carrying out different tests, there should be good hygienic condition maintained. This article also includes different methods for identifying bacteria which is present in drug products as well as the material which are used for doing test. Presence of bacteria may affect the activity of drug product and bio availability may decreases and potency the drug may loss. How the laboratory should be maintained for carrying out different tests, there should be good hygienic condition maintained.
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Du, Haibo, Xuepeng Ji, and Xiaowei Chuai. "Spatial Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Water Pollution-Intensive Industries in the Yellow River Basin, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010497.
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The structure adjustment and layout optimization of water pollution-intensive industries (WPIIs) are crucial to the health and sustainable development of the watershed life community. Based on micro-detailed data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2003 to 2013, we analyzed and revealed the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of WPIIs in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) from 2003 to 2013 by constructing a water pollution-intensive index and integrating kernel density estimation and geographically weighted regression models from a watershed perspective. The results show that: (1) the scale of WPIIs in the YRB showed a growth trend from 2003 to 2013, and the output value increased from 442.5 billion yuan in 2003 to 6192.4 billion yuan in 2013, an increase of 13 times. (2) WPIIs are generally distributed in an east-west direction, and their spatial distribution is river-side, with intensive distribution in the downstream areas and important tributaries such as Fen River and Wei River. (3) WPIIs are generally clustered in high density downstream, but the spatial clustering characteristics of different industries varied significantly. The chemical industries, paper industries, etc. were mainly concentrated in downstream areas. Processing of food from agricultural products was distributed in the upper, middle and downstream areas. Resource-intensive industries such as coal and oil were concentrated in energy-rich midstream areas. (4) Natural resource endowment was the main factor affecting the distribution of WPIIs in the midstream and upstream areas of the basin, and technological innovation played a significant role in the distribution of downstream industries. The level of economic development and industrial historical foundation promoted the geographical concentration of industries. The scale of wastewater discharge and the proximity of rivers influenced the concentration of industries in the midstream and downstream.
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Matei, Ecaterina, Andra Mihaela Predescu, Anca Andreea Șăulean, Maria Râpă, Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu, George Coman, Andrei-Constantin Berbecaru, Cristian Predescu, Dumitru Vâju, and Grigore Vlad. "Ferrous Industrial Wastes—Valuable Resources for Water and Wastewater Decontamination." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 13951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113951.
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Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. This research reviews the latest data available in the literature with a focus on: (i) sources from which these types of iron-based wastes originate; (ii) the types of ferrous compounds that result from different industries; (iii) the different methods (with respect to the circular economy) used to convert them into products applied in water and wastewater decontamination; (iv) the harmful effects ferrous wastes can have on the environment and human health; and (v) the future perspectives for these types of waste.
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Low, Lawrence K., J. Ralph Meeks, and Carl R. Mackerer. "Health Effects of the Alkylbenzenes. II. Ylenes." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500108.
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The alkylbenzenes are a class of six-membered ring aromatic compounds that have a variety of alkyl groups attached. These chemicals are liquids with relatively low boiling points used primarily as solvents or as starting materials in the synthesis of other chemicals and drugs. They are integral components of gasoline, distillate fuels and other petroleum products and are economically important in the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, polymer, paint and dye industries. Alkylbenzenes such as toluene, the xylenes, ethylbenzene, styrene and cumene are produced and utilized in large quantities and therefore, present the possibility of exposure to humans and to wildlife. Fortunately, the toxicity of alkylbenzenes has been found to be rather low and therefore, the human and environmental risks are probably low. In modern industrial activities, exposures to the alkylbenzenes are minimized by workplace controls or personal protective equipment which meet guidelines for maximum allowable exposure concentrations that have been established for the workplace. Nevertheless, considerable quantities of alkylbenzenes are released to the environment each year through solvent and fuel evaporation, accidental spills and misuse, and considerable toxicological infonnationfor these materials has appeared in the recent literature. This present paper, the second in a series reviewing the potential health effects of alkylbenzenes, covers the toxicology and disposition of the dimethyl-substituted benzenes (the .xylenes) in animals and man.
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Muruvanda, Bhuvan Uthaiah, Akash Shanmugasundaram Prakash, K. Kalapriya, and K. Sampath. "GREEN ENZYMES FROM PLANTS AND MICROBIAL SOURCES USED IN INDUSTRIES: AN OVERVIEW." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 01 (2023): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2023.1616846.
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Green chemistry, an emerging field of science, focuses on the prevention of waste and the use of hazardous substances. It also emphasizes the elimination or reduction of the use of harmful elements in various stages of the manufacturing process or a product development setting. The unpredictable climatic changes and the environmental hazards produced by the industries made the researcher’s attention in this arena. At present, industries make an effort to produce their products greener. As a consequence, several biotechnological and biological applications join hands with green chemistry, making the manufacturing process not only greener but also economical. Enzymes are the result of the combination of green chemistry and biotechnology. In the current scenario, there is a need for new versatile enzymes to develop sustainable and economically competitive production processes. The present article reviews the types of enzymes obtained from plants and microorganisms used in different industries and their vital role in the conservation of an eco-friendly environment.
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Xie, Weiguang, and Shanbo Yu. "Static and Dynamic Demonstration of the Ecological Level of Ethnic Cultural Industries Based on the Internet of Things and Environmental Responsibility." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5953522.
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The cultural industry of ethnic minorities carries the wisdom of many ancients. In today’s modernization, ethnic minority cultural industry products can still impress people’s hearts with exquisite handicrafts, natural materials, and strong culture. The rise in demand for ethnic cultural products will bring about an increase in the demand for raw materials for handmade products, which is bound to have an impact on the environment. This paper is aimed at modeling and analyzing the ecological level of minority cultural industries based on the background of the Internet of Things (IoT) and environmental responsibility. In the experiment, this paper analyzed the ecological level of the traditional fish skin industry by taking the Hezhe people in Heilongjiang as an example. Aiming at the cultural industry of the Hezhe people, this paper selected the fish skin industry as the object of empirical analysis from the fish culture it represents. According to the ecological level of the industry, this paper selected the three first-level indicators of production energy saving level, ecological environmental protection level, and production emission reduction level and its 12 subordinate second-level indicators to model and analyze the fish skin industry of the Hezhe people. The analysis results showed that the industrial ecological level of the Hezhe fish skin industry in the past 16 years reached the standard rate of more than 75%. However, the ecological level index for the three years of 2018, 2019, and 2020 was between 0.3 and 0.5, which indicated that the ecological level in these three years was very low. This was caused by the mechanization of the handicraft industry in recent years.
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Mendes Hacke, Ana Carolina, Taynara Valério, Mateus Cubo, Dhésmon Lima, Christiana Pessoa, and Romaiana Pereira. "Antioxidant Capacity of Myrciaria Cauliflora Seeds Extracts By Spectrophotometric, Biochemical and Electrochemical Methods Preferred Presentation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 43 (July 7, 2022): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01431868mtgabs.
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It is well known that fruit processing industries lead to the generation of large amounts of by-products every year, such as seeds and peels, which are frequently considered as waste. However, it has already been proved that these by-products can consist in a rich source of bioactive compounds with valuable nutritional and biological effects (1). In this perspective, there is a growing interest in the discovery of natural antioxidants which can be used as an alternative to synthetic substances by pharmaceutical and food industries (2). Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) is a typical fruit from Brazil that belongs to Myrtaceae family. Its seeds are usually discarded as waste by industries and studies have already proven that these by-products are rich in bioactive compounds with promising biological effects (3,4). In this study, it was evaluated the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic (EtOH), methanolic (MEtOH), aqueous (AQ) and propanone (AQAc) extracts from jabuticaba seeds. This effect was assessed by their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and superoxide anion (O2 •−) radicals. The redox properties of jabuticaba seed extracts were studied by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Their protective effect to prevent in vitro oxidative cellular damages induced by 2,2-azobis(2-aminopropanone) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in human erythrocytes was also investigated. The obtained results revealed that all extracts were able to scavenge free radicals used in this work, due to their lower IC50 (inhibitory concentration) values. A similarity between E pa values suggested that the extracts were constituted by analogous electroactive species and exhibited similar antioxidant effect in this assay. However, it was observed that the AQAc extract presented the lowest E pa value (115.1 ± 0.95 mV) indicating a higher antioxidant activity when compared to the other extracts (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it was showed a good positive correlation between the results obtained by using DPV and the synthetic and biological radicals (DPPH•: r = 0.8215; ABTS•+: r = 0.9123; HOCl: r = 0.8193, and O2 •-: r = 0.9916). The extracts protected human erythrocytes against oxidative cellular damage caused by AAPH, which was confirmed by using field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. Taken together, the results reported in this work evidence that jabuticaba seeds are a source of antioxidant compounds that present a remarkable potential to prevent damage related to oxidative stress in biological systems. In this way, our work suggests the use of this fruit byproduct in further biochemical studies aiming its use as a new nutraceutical and food additive. References Fierascu RC, Sieniawska E, Ortan A, Fierascu I, Xiao J. Fruits By-Products – A Source of Valuable Active Principles. A Short Review. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020;8:1–8. Villacís-Chiriboga J, Elst K, Camp J van, Vera E, Ruales J. Valorization of byproducts from tropical fruits: Extraction methodologies, applications, environmental, and economic assessment: A review (Part 1: General overview of the byproducts, traditional biorefinery practices, and possible applications ). Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 2020;19:405–47. Hacke ACM, Granato D, Maciel LG, Weinert PL, do Prado-Silva L, Alvarenga VO, et al. Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) Seeds: Chemical Characterization and Extraction of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Compounds. Journal of food science. 2016;81(9). Fidelis M, do Carmo MA v, Azevedo L, Cruz TM, Marques MB, Myoda T, et al. Response surface optimization of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora [Mart.] O.Berg) seeds: Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive and cytotoxic assessments. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2020;142.
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Guan, Yun, Jia Chen, Eugenie Nepovimova, Miao Long, Wenda Wu, and Kamil Kuca. "Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes." Toxins 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010046.
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Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries and seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which are produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and other fungi that are commonly found in the production and preservation of grain and feed. AFs can cause harm to animal and human health due to their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) effects. How to remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods cause no contamination, have high specificity, and work at high temperature, affording environmental protection. In the present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched in recent years are reviewed, the detoxification mechanism of microbes on AFs, the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the degradation process, and the application of microorganisms as detoxification strategies for AFs were investigated. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for biological detoxification of AFs.
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Kristensen, Sebastian Birkedal, Tobias Bruun Pedersen, Mikkel Rank Nielsen, Reinhard Wimmer, Jens Muff, and Jens Laurids Sørensen. "Production and Selectivity of Key Fusarubins from Fusarium solani due to Media Composition." Toxins 13, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060376.
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Natural products display a large structural variation and different uses within a broad spectrum of industries. In this study, we investigate the influence of carbohydrates and nitrogen sources on the production and selectivity of production of four different polyketides produced by Fusarium solani, fusarubin, javanicin, bostrycoidin and anhydrofusarubin. We introduce four different carbohydrates and two types of nitrogen sources. Hereafter, a full factorial design was applied using combinations of three levels of sucrose and three levels of the two types of nitrogen. Each combination displayed different selectivity and production yields for all the compounds of interest. Response surface design was utilized to investigate possible maximum yields for the surrounding combinations of media. It was also shown that the maximum yields were not always the ones illustrating high selectivity, which is an important factor for making purification steps easier. We visualized the production over time for one of the media types, illustrating high yields and selectivity.
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Yan, Yi, Xinyue Zhang, Haiyan Chen, Wenmin Huang, Hongnian Jiang, Chulun Wang, Zhuang Xiao, Yuyu Zhang, and Jialiang Xu. "Isolation and Aflatoxin B1-degradation Characteristics of a Microbacterium proteolyticum B204 Strain from Bovine Faeces." Toxins 14, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14080525.
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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins, raising serious global health and economic problems. Searching for biological approaches for effective and safe AFB1 degradation is imminent. In our study, Microbacterium proteolyticum B204 isolated from bovine faeces degraded 77% of AFB1 after 24 hour, becoming the first reported bacteria from the Microbacterium family to possess AFB1 degradation characteristics. Temperature variation showed little effect on its degradation ratio, demonstrating high thermostability of 75% and 79% after boiling and sterilization, respectively. We suppose that the components playing a key role during this process were proteins, considering the decreased degradation rate caused by Proteinase K. Cell viability detection on HepG2 cells indicated that the degradation products were much less toxic than pure AFB1. Furthermore, B204 cell-free culture supernatant also degraded AFB1-contaminated food, such as peanuts, corn and cheese. These results suggested that this strain with AFB1 degradation properties could be a prospective candidate for application in the food and feed industries.
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Guan, Yun, Jia Chen, Eugenie Nepovimova, Miao Long, Wenda Wu, and Kamil Kuca. "Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes." Toxins 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010046.
Full textAbstract:
Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries and seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which are produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and other fungi that are commonly found in the production and preservation of grain and feed. AFs can cause harm to animal and human health due to their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) effects. How to remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods cause no contamination, have high specificity, and work at high temperature, affording environmental protection. In the present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched in recent years are reviewed, the detoxification mechanism of microbes on AFs, the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the degradation process, and the application of microorganisms as detoxification strategies for AFs were investigated. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for biological detoxification of AFs.
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Bauer, Siegfried, Nadeshda Werner, Ilona Wolff, Britt Damme, Kerstin Oemus, and Peter Hoffmann. "Toxicological Investigations in the Semiconductor Industry: II. Studies on the Subacute Inhalation Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Gaseous Waste Products from the Aluminium Plasma Etching Process." Toxicology and Industrial Health 8, no. 6 (November 1992): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379200800607.
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Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to waste gas arising from a plasma etching process in the semiconductor industries for six hr per day, five days per week, for four weeks in order to characterize subacute organ toxicity and genotoxicity. The waste gas was a complex mixture of different chlorinated hydrocarbons, inorganic by-products, and unused process gases, diluted by room air. Neither death nor behavioral changes occurred after subacute exposure. No significant exposure-related effects on body weight gain, hematology, or cardiovascular parameters were observed. Only slight effects on organ weights and clinical chemistry were seen in the exposed animals. The exposed rats of both sexes showed statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells.
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Panagiotakopoulos, Ioannis, Haralabos C. Karantonis, Ioannis Geraris Kartelias, and Constantina Nasopoulou. "Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Astaxanthin from Shrimp By-Products Using Vegetable Oils." Marine Drugs 21, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21090467.
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Background: The use of conventional astaxanthin extraction methods, typically involving organic solvents, leads to a heightened environmental impact. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of environmentally friendly extraction solvents, such as vegetable oils, for recovering the shrimp by-product astaxanthin. Methods: Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in vegetable oils, including olive oil (OO), sunflower oil (SO), and flaxseed oil (FO), was employed to extract astaxanthin. The astaxanthin antioxidant activity was evaluated using an ABTS assay, and a mixture of gum Arabic and soy lecithin was used to form coacervates to produce astaxanthin encapsulation. Results: A by-product–vegetable oil ratio of 1:60, extraction time of 210 min, 60% amplitude of the extraction process, and the use of OO as the extracting medium resulted in an astaxanthin yield of 235 ± 4.07 μg astaxanthin/g by-products. The astaxanthin encapsulation efficiency on day 0 and astaxanthin recovery on day 1 were recorded at 66.6 ± 2.7% and 94.4 ± 4.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The utilization of OO as an extraction solvent for astaxanthin from shrimp by-products in UAE represents a novel and promising approach to reducing the environmental impact of shrimp by-products. The effective astaxanthin encapsulation efficiency highlights its potential application in food industries.
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Wang, Feng, and Min Wu. "The Impacts of COVID-19 on China’s Economy and Energy in the Context of Trade Protectionism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 12768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312768.
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In the current context of rising trade protectionism, deeply understanding the impacts of COVID-19 on economy and energy has important practical significance for China to cope with external shocks in an uncertain environment and enhance economic resilience. By constructing an integrated economic and energy input-output model including the COVID-19 shock, this paper assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on China’s macro-economy and energy consumption in the context of trade protectionism. The results are shown as follows. First, in the context of protectionism, the outbreak of COVID-19 in China would cause a 2.2–3.09% drop in China’s GDP and a 1.56–2.48% drop in energy consumption, while adverse spillovers from global spread of COVID-19 would reduce its GDP by 2.27–3.28% and energy consumption by 2.48–3.49%. Second, the negative impacts of domestic outbreak on China’s construction, non-metallic mineral products, and services would be on average 1.29% higher than those on other industries, while the impacts of global spread of COVID-19 on export-oriented industries such as textiles and wearing apparel would be on average 1.23% higher than other industries. Third, the effects of two wave of the pandemic on China’s fossil energy consumption would be on average 1.44% and 0.93% higher than non-fossil energy consumption, respectively.
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Savostikova, Olga N., Roman A. Mamonov, Irina A. Turina, Anna V. Alekseeva, and Natalya I. Nikolaeva. "Xenobiotics and products of their transformation in wastewater (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1218-1223.
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Many different chemical pollutants get into the hydrosphere with wastewater. An essential source of xenobiotic transfer into the aquatic environment is wastewater treatments plants. The widespread use of drugs, personal care products, cosmetic products, household chemicals, disinfectants and insecticides is directly reflected in their presence in the aquatic environment. It is the reason for the appearance of these chemical components and products of their transformation in surface waters, groundwater, and drinking water. Besides, various industries lead to the formation of a large amount of wastewater contaminated with textile dyes, oil products, silicones, phenols and their derivatives, phthalate ethers, bisphenol A and other substances capable of causing harm to water bodies, harming aquatic biota or even inflicting damage to ecosystems. Substances that have entered wastewater can be transformed into many other compounds during water purification and afterwards under environmental factors. The transformation products can be more toxic than the parent compounds, and some can convert back to the parent compounds under various factors. The search of sources describing researches dedicated to pollutants and their transformation in aqueous systems was carried out in the English-speaking text databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Research Gate, Springer Link and scientific electronic library - eLIBRARY.ru.
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Kakad, Sudarshan Balasaheb, Mahesh Hari Kolhe, and Tushar Pradip Dukre. "A Review on Pharmaceutical Validation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 11, no. 03 (September 25, 2020): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.3.6.
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Quality is the primordial intention of any industry and its products manufactured. Multiple views on obtaining such quality are the current interest in the pharmaceutical industry, and it has been maintained by validation. Validation is documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance. Validation has become one of the pharmaceutical industries’ most recognized subjects. This article provides detailed information about pharmaceutical validation and its importance. Quality is always an imperative prerequisite when we consider the product. In this article, we discuss the types of validation, process validation, equipment validation, cleaning, and analytical method validation. Validation is the process that is used to confirm that the analytical procedure employed for a specific test is suitable for the intended use.
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VELASCO B., Rodrigo, Diego A. ARISTIZABAL, Carlos M. GARCÍA P., Jesús H. GIL G., and Diego L. DURANGO R. "BIOTRANSFORMATION OF <I>trans</I>-CINNAMALDEHYDE BY THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS <I>Aspergillus sp</I>." Vitae 17, no. 3 (November 9, 2010): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.7435.
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The development of biocatalytic methods has allowed the preparation of a wide variety of products with high added value through simple, selective, economical and environmentally friendly processes. In this work, the microbial transformation of arylpropanoide substrate trans-cinnamaldehyde using the fungus Aspergillus sp. was investigated. The process is carried out in liquid media culture Sabouraud y Czapeck- Dox to an average temperature 24oC, relative humidity between 45 and 60%, and with agitation at 120 rpm on a orbital shaker. The biotransformation of the substrate generated mainly the metabolic products 3-phenyl-1-propanol, cinnamyl alcohol, 3-phenylpropanal, 3-phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate,benzylic alcohol, 1-phenylethanol, and 2-phenylethanol. From the results it is concluded that the fungus Aspergillus sp. initially converted the trans-cinnamaldehyde by reduction reactions, and later modified the products resulting through esterification and decarboxylation. In the process, several compounds used as raw materials in different industries were generated. The metabolic pathway and culture medium effect on substrate transformation are discussed.
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Deshmukh, Mayuri N., Vaibhav P. Uplanchiwar, Vinod M. Thakare, Namrata S. Mane, Sanjana N. Gaikwad, Narendra R. Dighade, Hina D. Mehta, Ravi Bakal, and Prashant Umate. "Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Estimation of Some Active Analytes in Combined Dosage form an Application to In-vitro Dissolution Studies." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 14, no. 02 (June 25, 2023): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.14.2.16.
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This paper describes a new, simple, accurate and economical method of development and validation of HPLC method for the assessment of dicyclomine hydrochloride with omeprazol magnesium combine dosage form. The method development trial was carried out initially using C8 (100×0.46×3.5 μm) and C18 GraceSmart (250×4.6×5 μm) as stationary phase and acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and methanol as mobile phase in proportion 60:40v/v. The optimized conditions of factors were sample size 50 μL and wavelength (λmax) 215 nm. The developed method was then applied to in-vitro dissolution studies for the dicyclomine hydrochloride and omeprazole magnesium. As per ICH guidelines, stability testing was done. The estimated method can be used to analyze the pharma industries’ products.
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Coulombier, Noémie, Thierry Jauffrais, and Nicolas Lebouvier. "Antioxidant Compounds from Microalgae: A Review." Marine Drugs 19, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19100549.
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The demand for natural products isolated from microalgae has increased over the last decade and has drawn the attention from the food, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has increased. In addition, microalgae combine several advantages for the development of biotechnological applications: high biodiversity, photosynthetic yield, growth, productivity and a metabolic plasticity that can be orientated using culture conditions. Regarding the wide diversity of antioxidant compounds and mode of action combined with the diversity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this review covers a brief presentation of antioxidant molecules with their role and mode of action, to summarize and evaluate common and recent assays used to assess antioxidant activity of microalgae. The aim is to improve our ability to choose the right assay to assess microalgae antioxidant activity regarding the antioxidant molecules studied.
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Bokov, D. O., M. S. Sokurenko, A. D. Malinkin, E. P. Khromchenkova, L. V. Shevyakova, and V. V. Bessonov. "Physiochemical Features, Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Present Status and Application Prospects of Polysaccharide Gums." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance 11, no. 01 (January 25, 2013): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.11.1.24.
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Gums, generally plant-derived polysaccharides, have been widely used in various fields of the pharmaceutical and food industries in recent years. Natural gums are formed as a result of a protective reaction to plant damage or due to negative conditions (drought), as a result of the destruction of cell walls (gummosis); also bacteria cultures, seaweeds can serve as gum sources. Gums are of great interest due to the wide application spectrum; it is based both on their physicotechnological (structure-forming agents) and the biological properties (inertness). This is an important factor in the development of food products and drugs. They also find applications in cosmetics, inks, paper, and textiles. The article aims to summarize the numerous obtained data and to establish current and prospects for gum quality control and application.
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Alamsyah, Andry, and Syahputra Syahrir. "The Taxonomy of Blockchain-based Technology in the Financial Industry." F1000Research 12 (July 18, 2023): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.133518.2.
Full textAbstract:
The decentralized approach of blockchain technology has resulted in innovations across various industries, including finance which is facing challenges due to the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) in the market. Decentralization improves business processes and spurs product innovation through increased transparency and removing intermediaries. A taxonomy created through a literature review outlines the four dimensions of these advancements: key drivers, products, benefits, and emerging threats. Proposed solutions are also included to tackle the threats.
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Mansi Srivastava, Ishty Malhotra, Sandeep Gupta, and Sanjay Gahan. "Microalgae: A source of Bio-colours." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4345.
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Since past many years, manufacturing of artificial pigments has been immensely developing because of its growing use in lots of fields like foodstuff, diary, cosmetics, prescription drugs, paints etc. But their intake through numerous manners can be reason of unsafe results and numerous poisonous illness like cancer, allergic reactions, chronic diseases etc. Due to this, severe organic manner had been investigated which incorporates the extraction of bio-colours from microalgae, bacteria, fungal etc. Microalgae is taken into consideration as a giant supply for the manufacturing of bio-colours that not only presents big benefits in numerous fields but also, additionally produces some of pigments which can be applied in numerous industries. This paper emphasizes upon the different phylum of microalgae and the pigments produced from them. Extraction process of different pigments from six phylum has also been discussed in brief. At the end, the emphasis has been given upon the importance and benefits of bio colours in different industries. It has been concluded in this paper that different bio-colours from microalgae have high utility yet its usage is still in its earliest stages however in not so distant future and can be taken as an entryway for development of sustainable and green industry.
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Budarina, Ol’ga V., Zul’fiya F. Sabirova, Il’ya B. Andryushin, and Zinaida V. Shipulina. "Hygienic justification for the classification of the danger of sources of emissions of substances having an olfactorial action." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 9 (October 30, 2023): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-9-888-895.
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The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis and ranking of industries related to sources of olfactory exposure, depending on the odour’s “offensiveness” of their emissions.
Material and methods. Experimental olfacto-odourimetric studies were carried out using a dynamic olfactometer ECOMA TO-8 on the example of fifteen mixtures of substances (over 4200 measurements) representing or simulating emissions from the industries including particle boards, vegetable oil from soybean and rapeseed seeds, coffee, perfumery and cosmetic products, food flavourings, tobacco products, as well as livestock operations, gas odourizing, and fuel oil steam treatment. Statistical data processing was performed using the computer software Probit Analysis (v.4.0). Analytical study of mixtures of substances contained in emissions was carried out using a FOCUS GC-DSQ-II chromato-mass spectrometer.
Results. Based on the conducted olfacto-odourimetric studies of samples and models of emissions from the productions and technological processes related to sources of odour with the establishment of odour’s detection thresholds and the “offensiveness” thresholds of substances, a facilities’ hazard classification is proposed taking into account the odour’s “offensiveness” (“annoyance potential”) of emissions (extremely offensive, offensive, moderately offensive and slightly offensive), which makes it possible to update the current classification according to SanPiN 2.2.1./2.1.1.1200–03 (new edition) and the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated February 28, 2022 N 7.
Limitations. The study’s limitations associated with the use of a relatively new experimental method for the presentation of odour stimuli and their registration, which requires additional testing, as well as with the possible transformation of substances during the delivery of emission samples to the laboratory.
Conclusion. The methodology of the experimental odourimetric evaluation of multicomponent mixtures of odorous substances that are part of the emissions of various enterprises and municipal facilities makes it possible to quickly and rationally optimize the existing classification of industries according to the “offensiveness” criterion (or “annoyance potential”) of the odorous emissions.
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Chen, Bi-Shuang, Di Zhang, Fayene Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza, and Lan Liu. "Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions." Marine Drugs 20, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20060368.
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Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.
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Alamsyah, Andry, and Syahputra Syahrir. "The Taxonomy of Blockchain-based Technology in the Financial Industry." F1000Research 12 (May 2, 2023): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.133518.1.
Full textAbstract:
The decentralized approach of blockchain technology has resulted in innovations across various industries, including finance which is facing challenges due to the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) in the market. Decentralization improves business processes and spurs product innovation through increased transparency and removing intermediaries. A taxonomy, created through literature review and expert interviews, outlines the four dimensions of these advancements: key drivers, products, benefits, and emerging threats. Proposed solutions are also included to tackle the threats.
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Longobardi, Consiglia, Gianmarco Ferrara, Emanuela Andretta, Serena Montagnaro, Sara Damiano, and Roberto Ciarcia. "Ochratoxin A and Kidney Oxidative Stress: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine—A Review." Toxins 14, no. 6 (June 9, 2022): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14060398.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of residues of toxic contaminants in food products has assumed considerable importance in terms of food safety. Naturally occurring contaminants, such as mycotoxins, are monitored routinely in the agricultural and food industries. Unfortunately, the consequences of the presence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs are evident in livestock farms, where both subacute and chronic effects on animal health are observed and could have non-negligible effects on human health. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin that contaminates food and feeds. Due to its thermal stability, the eradication of OTA from the food chain is very difficult. Consequently, humans and animals are frequently exposed to OTA in daily life. In this review article, we will devote time to highlighting the redox-based nephrotoxicity that occurs during OTA intoxication. In the past few decades, the literature has improved on the main molecules and enzymes involved in the redox signaling pathway as well as on some new antioxidant compounds as therapeutic strategies to counteract oxidative stress. The knowledge shown in this work will address the use of nutraceutical substances as dietary supplements, which would in turn improve the prophylactic and pharmacological treatment of redox-associated kidney diseases during OTA exposure, and will attempt to promote animal feed supplementation.
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G. Abril, Ana, Tomás G. Villa, Jorge Barros-Velázquez, Benito Cañas, Angeles Sánchez-Pérez, Pilar Calo-Mata, and Mónica Carrera. "Staphylococcus aureus Exotoxins and Their Detection in the Dairy Industry and Mastitis." Toxins 12, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090537.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus constitutes a major food-borne pathogen, as well as one of the main causative agents of mastitis in dairy ruminants. This pathogen can produce a variety of extracellular toxins; these include the shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), exfoliative toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), hemolysins, and leukocidins. S. aureus expresses many virulence proteins, involved in evading the host defenses, hence facilitating microbial colonization of the mammary glands of the animals. In addition, S. aureus exotoxins play a role in the development of both skin infections and mastitis. Indeed, if these toxins remain in dairy products for human consumption, they can cause staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) outbreaks. As a result, there is a need for procedures to identify the presence of exotoxins in human food, and the methods used must be fast, sensitive, reliable, and accurate. It is also essential to determine the best medical therapy for human patients suffering from S. aureus infections, as well as establishing the relevant veterinary treatment for infected ruminants, to avoid economic losses in the dairy industry. This review summarizes the role of S. aureus toxins in the development of mastitis in ruminants, their negative effects in the food and dairy industries, and the different methods used for the identification of these toxins in food destined for human consumption.
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Lei, Jiawen, Xiaole Han, Xiaoqian Tang, Haiying Wang, and Qi Zhang. "Development of Anti-Idiotypic Nanobody-Phage Based Immuno-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Aflatoxins in Peanuts." Toxins 12, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090565.
Full textAbstract:
Aflatoxin contamination in agricultural products has posed serious health hazards and brought huge economic loss in the food and feed industries. Monitoring aflatoxins in various foods and feeds has become a crucial means to protect public health. This study aimed to report an immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (iLAMP) assay by using an anti-idiotypic nanobody-phage for on-site and rapid detection of aflatoxin in real samples. The iLAMP method was developed on the basis of a competitive immunoassay and LAMP reaction performed in a simple water bath. This method can provide visualized test results: violet color represents positive samples while sky blue represents negative. The visual detection limits of iLAMP for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in peanut samples were 1.6, 1.6, 3.2, and 16 μg/kg, respectively. The developed assay was verified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of aflatoxins in peanuts, which demonstrated that the iLAMP method can be applied to the detection of aflatoxin in real samples. The novel iLAMP assay eliminates the need for aflatoxin conjugates, the antibody labeling process, and special equipment, and offers an alternative to existing methods with advantages of time-saving, cost-effectiveness, and ease-of-use.
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Li, Beibei, Jiaqi Duan, Jie Ren, Frédéric Francis, and Guangyue Li. "Isolation and Characterization of Two New Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22." Toxins 14, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110781.
Full textAbstract:
Deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium species, is one of the most common trichothecenes detected in cereals pre- and post-harvest, which poses a great threat to the health of livestock and human beings due to its strong toxicity. In this study, we isolated and characterized two DON-degrading bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22. Both strains could degrade DON efficiently in a wide range of temperatures (from 25 °C to 42 °C) and concentrations (from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L). After optimization of the degradation conditions, 29.0% DON was eliminated by HN117 in 72 h when it was incubated with 1000 mg/L DON; meanwhile, the DON degradation rate of N22 was boosted notably from 7.41% to 21.21% within 120 h at 500 mg/L DON. Degradation products analysis indicated HN117 was able to transform DON into a new isomer M-DOM, the possible structure of which was deduced based on LC-MS and NMR analysis, and N22 could convert DON into potential low-toxic derivatives norDON E and 9-hydroxymethyl DON lactone. These two strains have the potential to be developed as new biodegrading agents to control DON contamination in food and feed industries.
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Roy, Vikash Chandra, Jin-Seok Park, Truc Cong Ho, and Byung-Soo Chun. "Lipid Indexes and Quality Evaluation of Omega-3 Rich Oil from the Waste of Japanese Spanish Mackerel Extracted by Supercritical CO2." Marine Drugs 20, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20010070.
Full textAbstract:
Japanese Spanish mackerel (JSM) (Scomberomorus niphonius) is a marine fish species containing health-beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In the present study, the quality of JSM by-products oils extracted by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and organic solvent extraction was compared in terms of physico-chemical properties of the oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the important polyunsaturated fatty acids present in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil 5.81 ± 0.69% and 4.93 ± 0.06%, respectively. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in SC-CO2-extracted skin and muscle oil was 12.56 ± 0.38% and 15.01 ± 0.28%, respectively. EPA and DHA are considered as important PUFAs for the development of brain function and the prevention of coronary heart diseases. Extracted oils showed considerable antioxidant activity. In the obtained oils, atherogenic index (AI) values varied from 0.72 to 0.93 and thrombogenic index (TI) ranged from 0.75 to 0.92, which is considered an acceptable level. Fatty acid composition, bio potentiality, thermogravimetric, and vitamin D analysis showed that oils extracted from JSM by-products can be a good source of oil for application in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Therefore, the present research revealed the potentiality of green valorisation of S. niphonius by-products as a possible sustainable approach for targeting the era of zero waste.