Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits en béton – Environnement'
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Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Schiopu, Nicoleta. "Caractérisation des émissions dans l'eau des produits de construction pendant leur vie en oeuvre." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0076/these.pdf.
Full textThe various French and European regulatory or voluntary actions push more and more the construction products manufacturers to an environmental assessment policy. A « horizontal » approach (i. E. , applicable to one or several families of products used in a certain scenario) is considered the best route for the assessment. Moreover, it is required by the Mandate M/366 addressed to CEN. The aim of this research is to contribute to the development of this kind of approach, in order to assess the substances emission from construction products into water, during their service life. Three products were tested: concrete slabs, wood duckboards and zinc gutters. The experiments were carried out at two scales: laboratory scale (controlled conditions) and pilot scale (outdoor / not-controlled conditions, with meteorological monitoring). At pilot scale the products were exposed to meteoric water, during one year. A release model (chemical and transport modelling) was developed for the case of the concrete slabs. PHREEQC software was adapted and used. The main results show that in order to assess the substances emission from construction products into water, in a « horizontal » approach framework, the following steps are required and must take into account the product and the exposure conditions specificities: - physicochemical characterisation of the product, which could be more or less complex, depending on the product and on the knowledge already available ; - characterisation of leaching behaviour, under static (equilibrium) and dynamic conditions, which must take into account especially the use and the evolution of the product during its service life. The Continuous Monolithic Leaching Test (CMLT) seems more suitable for release dynamic assessment ; - modelling of the products behaviour in a specific exposure scenario. The laboratory data cannot be directly transferred to service conditions but they are essential for the modelling of environmental behaviour
Petitpain, Marjorie. "Bétons à faible impact environnemental pour l’industrie du béton : accélération du durcissement de bétons à base de liants ternaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10160/document.
Full textThis study is part of the action program of the french concrete industry; it aims finding innovative solutions of concrete with low environmental impact, which allow to get technical and economic performances at least equivalent to those of the traditional concretes. To answer this issue, the study of ternary binders, made of Portland cement CEM I, blast furnace slag and limestone addition, was realized by optimizing the means that are available in precast industry to accelerate their hardening: use of a thermal treatment, use of chemical activators and optimization of the mixture’s compactness. Thermal treatment proves to be the most powerful lever of action. The developed solutions (material and process) obtain a much better economic-environmental balance compared to a control concrete whose binder is composed of Portland cement CEM I
Bouchikhi, Aurélie. "Contribution à la formulation d’un béton végétal structurel à base cimentaire incorporant des co-produits / déchets de bois." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0009.
Full textThe construction industry produces a high amount of greenhouse gases. In order to reduce the impact of materials on the environment, a lot of researches are focused on the study of different alternatives to limit the exhaustion of resources, the energy consumption and the rejection of polluting compounds. In this context, bio-based concrete seem to be a serious alternative to traditional concrete, with a lower carbon footprint.The aim of this industrial thesis, supported by the company ALKERN, leader in France and in Belgium for precast concrete products, is to contribute to the formulation of structural green concrete incorporating co-products / wood waste with an environmental impact lower than the Naturbloc®, a block already available on the market. This last product is made of wood aggregates mineralized and then introduced in a cementitious matrix.This work is divided into three parts. Firstly, the control wood (untreated) and reference wood (mineralized) were characterized. Then, alternative treatments to replace cement coating of wood were tested and characterized, especially in terms of water uptake and ability to leach or hold the extractives present in vegetables back. Their compatibility with a cementitious matrix was also evaluated. The study highlights the fact that the nature of the substrate has an influence on the results and on the interaction between aggregates and cementitious paste.Finally, treated wood was introduced into a cementitious matrix and in an alternative matrix with a lower environmental impact. The latter was obtained either by change of the binder or by use of additives in bio-based concrete. All the results show the existence of a direct link between physico-chemical properties of aggregates and mechanical performances of concrete
Barrieu, Pauline. "Produits dérivés météorologiques et environnement." Phd thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00918753.
Full textDeby, Fabrice. "Approche probabiliste de la durée des bétons en environnement marin." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/370/.
Full textA probabilistic approach to prediction of concrete's durability in marine environment is proposed in this thesis. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology linked with the performance-based approaches using the concept of durability indicators. The probabilistic FORM algorithm and the coupled deterministic model are developed to estimate the reliability index of the material. The probability distributions of the random variables are built. A multiplicative error is introduced in order to integrate information from different concretes into a single database and a Bayesian network is presented to update these results by further experiments. A practical example is proposed for a reinforced concrete immersed in sea water. A semi-probabilistic design for engineering based on characteristic values and partial safety factors is developed to achieve the same reliability
Dehoux, Anita. "Propriétés mécaniques des couches de produits de corrosion à l'interface acier / béton." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828155.
Full textHyvert, Nicolas. "Application de l'approche probabiliste à la durabilité des produits préfabriqués en béton." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/526/.
Full textAtmospheric carbonation is one of the most significant degradation factors for the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Carbonation relates to the diffusion of CO2 in the atmosphere through the concrete pores and to the dissolution of the hydrates, especially the portlandite, which supplies the reserve of concrete basicity. When portlandite is totally consumed, the pH value decreases to a value less than 9. It corresponds to the conditions allowing the corrosion of the reinforced bars which are protected only under a high pH level. The aim of this work is to carry out a probabilistic physico-chemical modelling of carbonation, taking into account the industrial requirements and being easy to utilize in a probabilistic design of the concrete cover. A wide experimental campaign was conducted in order to propose a practical model of carbonation for its efficient usage in the industry of precast concrete. From the cement nature, the concrete composition, the curing and thermal treatment characteristics, and one carbonation test (or at least the compressive strength), the model can determine the carbonated thickness for different pressures of CO2. Further, it allows the reliability index with respect to the initiation of corrosion to be estimated thanks to a link with a probabilistic algorithm. Following the scheme of checking the reliability level as recommended by the European regulation Eurocodes for structural design, the benefit of a probabilistic approach in the durability design of a concrete structure has been then emphasized
Paradis, François. "Influence de la fissuration du béton sur la corrosion des armatures : caractérisation des produits de corrosion formés dans le béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26061/26061.pdf.
Full textThe work conducted in this thesis concerns reinforced steel corrosion, which is one of the most important problems affecting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The principal objective of the thesis is to understand the influence of concrete cracking on corrosion initiation and propagation. This thesis presents experimental work where all tests are done in order to better represent real exposure conditions. Concrete samples are submitted to wetting (saline solution) and drying cycles. The evolution of corrosion of the reinforcement is followed using non-destructives electrochemical techniques. The nature and distribution of the corrosion products formed in concrete are analyzed at different level of corrosion. Since researchers often use accelerated techniques to initiate corrosion, a supplemental test campaign have been done in order to evaluate the reliability of these accelerated techniques. The results show some important differences on the nature and distribution of corrosion products. Subsequently, an experimental protocol representing natural exposure conditions has been set up in order to generate reinforced steel corrosion in mortar. A precise methodology for analyzing the nature and the distribution of corrosion products has also been followed. A first evaluation of corrosion initiation and propagation has been done on uncracked mortars. The results show that the chemical environment and the porosity of concrete have significant influence on the nature and the distribution of corrosion products. Artificially cracked specimens were also prepared to understand the influence of cracks on corrosion initiation and propagation. Results show that the presence of a crack increases the probability of corrosion initiation. The magnetite is the main oxide formed at the steel / concrete interface. Following wetting and drying cycles, the magnetite changes in goethite and akaganeite. Results from loaded and multi-cracked specimen show that cyclic loading also have some effect on corrosion kinetic. This influence seems to be related to the deterioration of steel / concrete interface, which further promotes corrosion propagation and also modify the nature and distribution of corrosion products.
Segonds, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un environnement collaboratif en conception amont de produits." Paris, ENSAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0037.
Full textFew software tools are currently available to assist the early stages of mechanical product design (Mougenot, 2008), particularly as a collaborative structure to support the activity of project designers. Yet, almost 80% of the future expenses in the project are decided in these stages alone (Michaels and Wood, 1989). In this context, our research proposes a model as a basis to define a collaborative environment for the early stages of the design process, intended for deployment in businesses. Our research rests on an experimental protocol, based on interviews carried out on end users working within businesses. This approach allowed us to describe work in the early stages of the design process, in a variety of industrial domains, and to show that the development and optimization of a collaborative work environment dedicated to the early stages of design mainly relies on image-type Intermediate Representations (IRs). We show that identifying and digitizing these IRs are necessary prerequisites to define this work environment, and that some profession-specific constraints can also be supported by these IRs. The model that stems from this work allows us to formulate specifications to develop a software tool to assist the development of collaborative work environments, integrated in a PLM environment for mechanical design
Bouharoun, Samir. "Comportement tribologique des huiles de décoffrage à l'interface béton/coffrage : influence de la formulation du béton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0209.
Full textIn a context where sustainable development has become a major priority, the companies in the building field must face to new requirements in terms of respect of the environment. In particular, during the concrete pouring, a mineral release agent, poorly biodegradable is currently used as separating layer non-stick. The nature of this oil creates significant risks of environmental pollution. New formulations of release agent of vegetable origin were developed.The appearance of this new product range requires a sufficient knowledge of their behavior at the interface concrete/release agent/formwork. This report contributes to the study the effect of the concrete composition on the tribological behavior at the interface concrete/formwork with two release agents of different nature (vegetable release agent and mineral release agent). The zone of concrete near the formwork was studied without release agents. First, the evolution of the density of the concrete at the approach of a wall was evaluated as a function of the contact pressure and the past volume. Then, a comprehensive analysis of this fresh layer was carried out to estimate the W/B ratio and the amount of paste mobilized close to the formwork. A physicochemical study was performed by reconstituting the interstitial medium of the interface concrete/release agent/formwork containing a different dosage of oil and superplasticizer. Several adapted techniques to these complex medium were used to evaluate the formation of soaps and to determine the stability of the obtained emulsions. This thesis ends with a study of the friction of fresh concrete against the formwork with and without release agent using a plan/plan tribometer. Many formulations of concrete are studied. The results were allowed to understand the mechanism of action of the fines element and the dosage of superplasticizer at the interfaces concrete/formwork and concrete/release agent/formwork. In the case of vegetable release agent, the soap formed from the esters and fatty acids contributes to reduce the friction by stabilizing the emulsion and organizing the interface. However, the presence of the superplasticizer is necessary to obtain a high performance for the mineral release agent
Cassagnabere, Franck. "Produits préfabriqués en béton filé : vers l'amélioration des performances du matériau pour mieux gérer le procédé de production." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/266/.
Full textThe objective of the R&D project developed with the precast company SEAC-Gf consisted in the improvement of the properties of the slip forming concrete used for the manufacturing of pretensionned and prestressed beams. The improvement was inscribed in the performance and environmental approaches advocated by the recent European standard EN 206-1, via the concrete design optimization and the use of new constituents (metakaolin). Firstly, it was found that the current designs exhibited an optimized aggregate packing; then, the improvement of concrete properties had to be searched in the modification of binder phase. Secondly, depending on the intrinsic characteristics of the metakaolin used, a benefic effect of metakaolin incorporation in steam cured mortars was generally observed on the properties at fresh and hardened states. Thirdly, thanks to an hydration study, this benefic effect was explained as soon as one day of age by a thermo-activation of the pozzolanic reaction due to steam curing, changes in the nature and an increased amount of hydration products, which involved densification and modification of the CaO/SiO2 ratio within the concrete matrix. Finally, full-scale trials of production in factory showed that for a given granular skeleton, the replacement of cement with metakaolin at a rate of 25% by mass did not alter the fresh and hardened properties studied, in comparison with the reference concrete containing no metakaolin
Guilloux, Gaël. "Ecodesign, du contexte au produit : contribution méthodologique à l'intégration de l'environnement dans les métiers du design industriel." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/77/09/53/PDF/2009_these_G_Guilloux.pdf.
Full textIndustrial design take account used and user experience (Context) to offer a concept of product (functionalities, form, aesthetic, used, etc. ), based on “ undefined ” or “ wick ” problem. Industrial design looks for a global solution to the problem before finding a definitive solution. Ecodesign allows identifying variants which manage environmental impacts, based on product initial ideas or incremental orientation of existing products. It identifies the problem, decomposed in more assures sub problems which we will look for sub solutions. Aggregation of these sub-solutions into a cohesive unit will provide the final solution. Ecodesign approaches invert the logic of project management (strategic objectives choices and tools to achieve them). They rarely allow the integration and contributions of other skills of the project, including strategic skills, which does not facilitate strategic and financial decision-making. Eco-design responds to company specific issues (image, finance, internal mobilization, reduction of its impact). Our hypothesis is the approach, methodologies and tools for eco-design does not match to industrial design activity. Industrial design skill is supposed to convey use values and product context’s vision to an efficient product development. Nowadays, industrial designers explore environmental and social actions. However, our second hypothesis is that industrial design isn’t really involved in taking account environmental and social aspects. He has no tools to assess and allow for recognition his environmental actions. Observation and analysis of 26 ecodesign companies approaches, show lack of user consideration in most of these approaches. This allows us to validate our first hypothesis. Our third hypothesis is that the presence of industrial design in ecodesign approach would provide to include use values, greater product differentiation, and greater consistency of company actions. The approach integrating Industrial design work implement innovative advances that go beyond mere compliance to more proactive approach. A « Cradle to Cradle Design© » experimentation in companies, where industrial designers was project managers, allowed us to validate the third hypothesis by showing the ability to industrial design in changing the economic paradigm and the business model. There is the ability of Industrial design to mobilize all stakeholders and expertise of the project (on the entire supply chain) towards short, medium and long term problems, on innovative topics such as service, identity, toxicity, Sustainable Lifestyle, material, etc. . ). This leads us to define our research question: How can we allow industrial designers involvement in projects development of environmentally products and services, with the aim to reintegrate use value? To incorporate environmental and societal aspects in this approach, industrial designer must first acquires environmental and social knowledge and know how which is necessary to ensure his presence and action within steps of environmental product development. Thus, we propose a methodology for Responsible Design Guidance (MOD-R) to determine the actions of responsible design, to use specific tools to enable its responsible answer. Our method considers that responsible industrial design actions are « progressing »: These are interested first in the context of the project to finally consider the good or service. They are gathered around three strategies that are lifestyle, consumption and the good (or service). It allows, from knowledge and environmental & social objectives to implement a responsible industrial design activity. It includes to existing industrial design tools a number of additional shares or integrating in its various steps. The result of the responsible design activity can increase their own knowledge in responsible design, or if the result is not in compliance with the request, to reassess its initial objective
Matoiri, Chaibati Nadare. "Méthode probabiliste générique de qualification de la durabilité / fiabilité du béton dans son environnement." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0021.
Full textThe evolution of construction techniques, innovation and the environmental consideration standards are driving construction players to offer efficient and innovative materials for the construction of buildings and various infrastructures around the world. The material remains the most widely used in the construction industry today.Concrete standardization is generally based on prescriptive rules that take into account the Water/Cement ratio, the minimum resistance class, the minimum cement content, minimum air content, etc. This prescriptive method remains satisfactory but must be supplemented by another alternative to take into account the use of concrete composition not mentioned in the standard. Thus, the performance-based approach to concrete durability has been proposed. The aimis to allow the manufacture of concrete with a different formula than the standard while showing that it is as efficient as that of the standard. This performance demonstration involves the use of durability indicators and performance tests.The results of the tests carried out on the new concrete formulation will show whether its performance is equal to or above that of the standard. The problem arises in the number of tests to be carried out in order to guarantee the performance of the concrete. In this thesis, a generic method of qualifying the durability/Reliability of concrete with an optimized test plan is proposed for different types of environments. This method allows to estimate the durability/reliability of concrete in its environment with a given guarantee and a statistic of the tests to be carried out. The Wiener process is used to model degradation processes in concrete.An application of the method is carried out for the case of a concrete subject to carbonation
Rousseaux, Patrick. "Evaluation comparative de l'impact environnemental global (ECIEG) du cycle de vie des produits." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0037.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the elaboration of a comparative tool for the assessment of the global environmental impact of products having the same function, at three stages of their life cycle, i. E. Manufacturing, use and disposal. The parameters taken into account are the nature of the matter, the type of energy, and the impacts on physical (water, air, soil, and living (vegetable, animal, human) systems. This study consisted in the following : - Make out a most comprehensive list of all available data allowing to compare products to each ether on the basis of their environmental impacts. This first step results in the elaboration of a "life cycle analysis", - adapt and develop -procedures of multicriteria. -analysis as tools for decision making, which would allow - on the one hand to compile the whole set of data from the "life cycle analysis" by ranking the environmental criteria and controlling their interactions ; - on the ether hand to aggregate the various environmental evaluations obtained thereby, in order to identify the most environmental friendly products with respect to their whole life-cycle. . - check the methodology on some beverage packagings
Youssef, Alice. "Prise en compte des apports mécaniques du béton de chanvre pour le calcul de structure bois/béton de chanvre et métal/béton de chanvre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS431.
Full textLime and hemp concrete (LHC) is nowadays the most developed bio-based aggregate building material in Europe. It consists of hemp shiv and mineral binder mixing with water. Generally, bio-based materials like LHC are used for their thermal insulation properties in building. Most blocks of Lime Hemp Concrete which have been studied, show a brittle behavior and a very low mechanical strength. The formulations are generally rich in binder and slightly compacted. Up to now, this material is then not considered as a load bearing material and is mainly used as filler insulation, combined with structure components made of wood, concrete or masonry. A study has tested other formulations, with higher contents of aggregates thanks to a compaction process, in order to improve both the rigidity and the strength of the hardened mixtures. In these formulations, shiv which has higher amount is definitely lighter and more porous than lime, which prevents a significant increase in thermal conductivity. The present work of my PhD is an experimental study of the compressive and shearing behavior of hemp concrete, in order to study the load-bearing capacity and bracing of this bio based material, while maintaining good qualities of thermal insulation in building. Two compacted formulations were tested M1 & M4, as well as samples obtained from trade-blocks Chanvribloc®. Two series of tests were performed. The first one is a uniaxial compression test in each direction for characterizing the mechanical anisotropy of the material. This anisotropy is induced by the compacting process. The second one permits to characterize the shearing behavior of the different mix-designs. In this study, an original shear device was developed, specifically designed for this kind of material, which allows shearing under controlled normal stress. An image processing performed was carried out, using a camera and ARAMIS image processing software during shear tests, to evaluate the fields of deformations and to study the behavior of the specimen during the shear test. The compressive experiments results have shown that this material is anisotropic, even when it is industrially molded by vibrations. The material has a transverse isotropic behavior. The behavior in the longitudinal direction is characterized by very high ductility, while the transverse behavior is very brittle, with a highly variable and unsteady behavior. The experimental results in shear show a high ductility of this material. These results are very promising, an interesting behavior of LHC walls in term of potential bracing. Numerical modeling and applications have been carried out to illustrate the use of hemp concrete blocks for bracing buildings. The formulation M4 exhibits a better behavior under moderate and average seismic actions, compared to the formulation M1, while the Chanvribloc walls in the present state do not allowthe buildings to be braced in moderate or medium seismic zones
Bougherara, Douadia. "L' écolabellisation : un instrument de préservation de l'environnement par le consommateur ? Une application aux produits agro-alimentaires." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE004.
Full textThe thesis describes ecolabeling as a hybrid institutional device, distinguished from other environmental policy tools through its explicit reliance on the market, a mechanism intended to promote collective well-being through the diffusion of information. We aim to characterize and analyze the functions of this device by underlying the necessary conditions to ensure ecolabeling leads to environmental improvement. The first section describes and analyzes ecolabeling as a complement to other environmental policy tools. The second section identifies and investigates several mechanisms which may enhance the efficiency of transactions, between sellers and consumers, of products embedded with environmental attributes. The third section examines one of the foundations of ecolabel efficiency by measuring and characterizing consumers' willingness to pay for agro-food products embedded with environmental attributes
Loukil, Olfa. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la dégradation d'éléments structurels en béton armé par corrosion sous courant imposé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1138/document.
Full textCorrosion of steel in reinforced concrete generates iron oxides which induce tensile stresses at the steel/concrete interface leading to the concrete cover cracking and loss of reinforcing bar cross-section. The evaluation of such pathology remains difficult and consequently limits the assessment of the structure serviceability, the knowledge on the degradation evolution, and the choice of a suitable repair method. The aim of this study is to correlate internal degradations (corrosion products formation and concrete cracking) induced by steel corrosion to external degradations (concrete cracking).The experimental program aims to determine these degradation mechanisms. The accelerated corrosion tests are carried out on reinforced concrete specimens in the presence of chloride ions by applying a constant current using three current densities (50,100 and 200 µA/cm²) during different exposure periods.Electrochemical properties of reinforced concrete specimens are determined before and after the accelerated corrosion tests. The quantitative evaluation of the corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface based on SEM observations (microscopic scale) demonstrates an important heterogeneity in the distribution and thicknesses (between 0 and 1584 µm). This heterogeneity can be explained by the evolution of anodic and cathodic zones due to different factors such as the non symmetric geometry of the specimens, the accelerated corrosion test environment (moisture, chloride ions and oxygen gradients), and the characteristics of concrete (aggregates, porosity).The internal (angular position, width, and length of cracks) and external crack patterns (maximum crack width) induced by the formation of corrosion products are analyzed. One to five internal cracks are identified in the internal crack patterns and they are classified in three groups. The first and second groups contain horizontal and vertical cracks which propagate in the direction of the shortest concrete cover. The third group is constituted of oblique cracks which are located in the opposite side of the horizontal cracks. The widths of the internal cracks range between 0.1 to 0.4 mm and their lengths between 1 to 3 cm. The maximum external crack widths are between 0.1 to 0.7 mm and are located on the shortest cover sides of the specimens.The maximum effort applied during the pull-out tests decreases with increasing levels of corrosion. However, the corrosion levels reach during the tests are too low to affect the steel/concrete interface behavior. The failure mode identified during the testing is concrete splitting failure regardless the corrosion level. A cause/effect scenario is proposed between steel corrosion and the mechanical induced degradation considering all experimental results.Based on experimental results, two models are proposed. The first one is developed to explain corrosion initiation and propagation. This model is able to determine the corrosion initiation time for each current density.The second model analyses the concrete cover mechanical behavior. The numerical results show that taking into account only the thickness of corrosion products (as an experimental input) does not generate a numerical cracking pattern similar to the experimental one. Then, complementary calculations considering a different distribution of the corrosion product’s thicknesses allow enhancing the agreement between experimental and numerical results
Schiopu, Nicoleta Moszkowicz Pierre Méhu Jacques. "Caractérisation des émissions dans l'eau des produits de construction pendant leur vie en oeuvre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2008. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=cone_schiopu.
Full textMarquet, Clément. "Binaire béton : Quand les infrastructures numériques aménagent la ville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT036.
Full textHow is the city developed by and with digital technologies? To answer this question, the thesis analyses in a single movement the urban consequences of the information and physical infrastructures of digital technology. To this end, it mobilizes the methodological and analytical frameworks of Infrastructure Studies, the sociology of techniques and innovation and the sociology of public problems. From an empirical point of view, it proposes to take a step back from the major mediatized experiments of the "smart city" to study more diffuse, everyday transformations generated by digital technologies. It consists of two case studies: on the one hand, it follows a programme to develop connected services to improve the accessibility of a Paris Region transport network for people with reduced mobility, and on the other hand, it analyses the discreet establishment of numerous data centres in Plaine Commune, in the north of the Parisian metropolitan area, and the resulting local unrest. The fieldwork includes several participating observations, about 40 interviews, a press review and the analysis of internal documents of the organizations. The thesis shows how the logic of immediacy, of "real time", generally at the centre of the promises associated with the digital city, requires an increased availability of workers, data and servers. Thus, in the transport company, projects to improve passenger service via smartphones confront station agents with the dual imperative of the face-to-face relationship and the alerts of the connected device. The cartographic data on which connected services are based, often taken for granted, require organizations to invent new collaborations to ensure their production and maintenance. The servers necessary for the functioning of the digital society are accumulated, protected and maintained in data centres, imposing buildings that are geographically concentrated, disrupt the environments in which they are located, disconcert elected officials and disturb residents. The logic of real time thus weighs on the social and spatial organization of cities, and invites us to rethink the urban development of digital infrastructures in terms of work, maintenance and the environment - unlike those, more commonly mobilized, of socio-technical imaginaries, promises of optimization and urban models
Tong, Yun Yun. "Traitement électrochimique de réalcalinisation pour la préparation du béton armé dégradé par carbonatation." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01349734.
Full textFaria, Marília. "Culture et design : application de l'interculturalité à l'évaluation et à la conception de produits dans un environnement globalisé." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1327.
Full textJacquemot, François. "Accélération du durcissement des liants à base de laitier de haut fourneau pour les produits préfabriqués en béton." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10123/document.
Full textThe reported study aims to propose industrially viable solutions in order to accelerate the hardening of ground granulated blast furnace slag in precast concrete products thanks to both chemical and thermal activations. These solutions also have to be durable and environmentally friendly at the same time. More precisely, concrete with high content of slag should reach equivalent short term performance to CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based concrete, when placed in representative conditions of precast concrete industry. An objective of compressive strength was fixed at 23.4 MPa at 8 hours after thermal treatment at 65 °C. Thus, chemical activation of slag only or blended with Portland cement has been the main subject of the experimental works carried out on mortars in order to reach the objective previously defined. On condition that their durability is validated, the solutions that have been developed are by several aspects more advantageous than the CEM I 52.5 Portland cement based reference
Aubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Full textGlandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Full textGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Daleme-Natalizio, Audrey. "Etude des glycosphingolipides des cellules microvasculaires rétiniennes : effet d'un environnement diabétique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0010/these.pdf.
Full textIn order to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, the aim of this study was to determine whether glycosphingolipid metabolism could be altered by a diabetic environment in retinal microvascular cells. First, the glycosphingolipid profile of bovine retinal pericytes (BRP) and endothelial cells (BREC) has been determined. Both cellular types especially contain monohexoside ceramide, globotriaosylceramide and globoside for neutral glycosphingolipids. For gangliosides, GM3 and GD3 are the majority species. Cell incubation with a high glucose concentration decreases, at long term, the glycosphingolipid content of retinal microvascular cells. On the contrary, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) increase, at long term, the content of all glycosphingolipid in both cellular types except the content of GD3 in BRP, which is unexpectedly decreased. In BRP, we have also studied the effect of AGEs on ganglioside biosynthetic enzymes. We have shown that AGEs increase the GM3-synthase activity and decrease the GD3-synthase activity, most likely by decreasing its expression. We have also shown that oxidative stress is not implicated in the effect of AGEs on the glycosphingolipid metabolism in retinal microvascular pericytes. Moreover, it seems that the modifications of glycosphingolipids are associated with a decrease in cell proliferation. These results show for the first time the existence of perturbations in the glycosphingolipid metabolism of retinal microvascular cells by a diabetic environment. These alterations could have some consequences on apoptosis and/or cell proliferation, functions which are altered in diabetic retinopathy
Poyet, Stéphane. "Étude de la dégradation des ouvrages en béton atteints par la réaction alcali-silice : approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelles des dégradations dans un environnement hydro-chemo-mécanique variable." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0193.
Full textDang, Vu Hiep. "Phases d'initiation et de propagation de la corrosion des armatures du béton armé fissuré en environnement carbonique ou salin." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0039/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the reinforcement corrosion embedded in reinforced concrete structures on both initiation and propagation of corrosion and its long-term consequences on the service life of structures. Firstly, a long-term study on the conditions for the initiation and propagation of corrosion in saline environment is presented and the first results confirm the early initiation of corrosion, but shows that the influence of pre-cracks on the propagation of corrosion depends on their conditions of exposure and concrete cover thickness. A study was conducted in carbon dioxide condition with presence of cracks to examine its impact on the initiation and propagation of corrosion. The results showed that whatever the mechanical crack opening, the crack edge and the steel-concrete interface were carbonated. Carbonation of the steel-concrete interface is likely to be due to mechanical damage induced by loading and stress transfer from the steel to mortar when creating cracks. This damage is also caused by the presence of internal micro-cracks around the steel bar. Following exposure to wetting-drying cycles, corrosion develops throughout the reinforcement but with a greater thickness of rust layer on the underside of the reinforcement where the quality of the interface is weaker. The results showed that the corrosion cracking induced by the development of rust layer arises from internal micro-cracks due to mechanical damage. This result is consistent with the development of corrosion cracks observed previously in saline environment. Another part of the thesis is to study the residual mechanical properties of corroded reinforced concrete beams of 26-28 years exposed to a saline environment under bending load. The behavior of single tensile steel corroded extracted from these corroded beams is studied. It is very difficult to know the true stress of tensile steels corroded "naturally" in concrete contaminated by exposure to chlorides. Indeed, the corrosion induced by chlorides leads to create corrosion pits with various geometries that make it difficult to determine accurately the residual steel cross-section. However, it appears that the true yield stress is unaffected, the true ultimate stress is slightly increased by corrosion but the total elongation at failure is drastically reduced by the presence of pitting corrosion. The effect of reinforcement corrosion on flexural behavior is then studied. The corrosion resulted in a change in failure mode, from concrete crushing in compression after yielding of tensile steel to brittle failure of tension reinforcement. The decrease of the load bearing capacity is proportional to the loss of steel section in the mid-span section. The loss of ductility or decrease in deflection at failure of reinforced concrete beams is very important and could be the limiting factor for the service life of corroded RC structures. It appears that the change in ductility of corroded reinforced concrete beam is correlated with the change in ductility of the steel due to corrosion. The effect of corrosion on the shear behavior is then studied. To make this, the short-shear span beams (deep beams) were tested under three point bending until failure. The results showed that corrosion can lead to changes in mechanical behavior but load bearing capacity of deep beams is generally unaffected by corrosion of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups. These results can be explained by a coupled behavior between arch action and beam action leading to change in load transfer mechanism and failure mode. In addition, the capacity of straight end anchorage of corroded reinforcement appears to be very much higher than expected despite the presence of corrosion cracks. Concrete confinement effect due to the end support reaction and the “natural” corrosion condition which do not lead to a homogeneous damage all around perimeter of re-bars may explain these surprising results
Abou, Khalil Bachir. "Méthodologie d'analyses énergétique et exergétique des procédés de transformation de produits dans l'industrie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005064.
Full textPelé, Fabienne. "Environnement et développement de l'enfant à 2 ans." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1B013/document.
Full textBackground: The organism is very sensitive to environment during its developmental period. Number of epidemiological studies has suggested the developmental toxicity of about ten chemical pollutants after prenatal exposure. The general objective of the thesis is to explore the effect of prenatal exposure to certain chemical pollutants (organic solvents, organophosphates pesticides and maternal consumption of fish and shellfish (vectors of pollutants)) on child development at age 2. Methods: This thesis is based on the PELAGIE mother-child cohort that was set up in 2002, in Brittany (FRANCE). In total, 3421 women were included in this cohort at the beginning of pregnancy and 1500 mother- child pairs were followed when the child was 2 years old. Exposures were evaluated at the beginning of pregnancy from questionnaires, job-exposure matrices or measurement of biomarkers of exposure. Health indicators were measured at the 2 years follow-up. At follow-up, questionnaires allowed to obtain information on child behaviour, respiratory manifestations like wheezing, allergies (eczema and food allergy) and growth between birth and the age of two. Results: Prenatal occupational exposure to solvents was associated with higher level of hyperactivity and attention deficit at age 2. This exposure was not associated neither with respiratory nor with allergic manifestations. We also observed that maternal shellfish consumption during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of food allergy in preschoolers. Finally, higher prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides was associated with a decrease height growth velocity at age 2. Conclusion: The present thesis based on the PELAGIE study supported for the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals may be implicated in the developmental origin of health and diseases
Palakas, Somchit. "Etudes fonctionnelles dans son environnement membranaire natif d'un transporteur multispécifique, la "Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1" (MRP1, ABCC1) : application à la recherche de radiopharmaceutiques potentiels." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3309.
Full textMRP1 (ABCC1) is a multispecific membrane transporter who plays an important role in cellular detoxification and absorption/distribution/elimination processes of drugs, and confers to certain cancer cells, the multidrug resistance phenotype (MDR) to anticancer agents. In search of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo imaging of MDR phenotype by scintigraphic exploration, perturbation of MRP1 ATPase and transport functions have been investigated using microsomes issued from human small cell lung cancer cells (GLC4/Adr). Transport of [3H]LTC4, [ 3H]E217βG and [3H]GSH by MRP1 as well as its ATPase activity stimulated by its transported substrates have been characterized. Both functional probes are inhibited in the presence of QCRL-3, a specific monoclonal antibody of MRP1. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that apigenine and its five newly synthesized halogenated derivatives interact with MRP1 only in the presence of GSH
Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10084.
Full textThe presented work concerns the synthesis and characterization of amphipilic antioxidant compounds for the formulation of wood preservatives allowing the preparation of waterborne formulations to reduce rejections of VOCs answering to increasing environmental pressures. Based on preliminary studies showing synergistical effects between fungicides and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to design compounds possessing surfactant and antioxidant properties allowing the formulation in water of insoluble organic fungicides and to reduce the necessary quantity of biocide due to synergistical effects with antioxidant properties. Three families of amphiphilic compounds were synthesized. The first one corresponds to hindered phenol derivatives, the second to hindered amine and the third one to quats “with green label” derived from ascorbic acid. Surfactant and antioxidant properties of all new synthesized compounds have been characterized. The use of aqueous formulations of propiconazole prepared from these new surface active agents allows to increase beech wood durability exposed to the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Fungal growth inhibition tests realized on malt agar medium with various alkylammonium ascorbates presenting different alkyl chain’s lengths indicated an important growth inhibition of the mycelium for some of the tested products correlated at their amphiphilic properties
Pinquié, Romain. "Proposition d'un environnement numérique dédié à la fouille et à la synthèse collaborative d'exigences en ingénierie de produits." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0030/document.
Full textIt is broadly accepted that 70 % of the total life cycle cost is committed during the specification phase. However, nowadays, we observe a staggering increase in the number of requirements. We consider the tremendous volume of requirements as big data with which sub-contractors struggle to make strategic decisions early on. Thus, we propose to methodologically integrate data science techniques into a collaborative requirement mining framework, which enables decision-makers to gain insight and discover opportunities in a massive set of requirements. Initially, classification models extract requirements from prescriptive documents. Requirements are subsequently analysed with natural language processing techniques so as to identify quality defects. After having removed the quality defects, the analyst can navigate through clusters of requirements that ease the exploration of big data. Each cluster gathers the requirements that belong to a functional area (mechanics, electronics, IT, etc.). Each domain expert can therefore easily filter out the requirements subset that is relevant for him. A complementary approach consists in detecting communities of requirements by analysing the topology of a graph. Each community owns a customisable set of decision-making criteria which are estimated by all functional areas. A dashboard of statistical visuals distils the estimation results from which a decision maker can make informed decisions. We conclude that the theoretical and empirical validation of our proposition corroborates the assumption that data science is an effective way to gain insight from hundreds or thousands of requirements
Barré, Tangui. "Revisiter l'alimentation durable en précisant la place de la nutrition et le rôle des produits animaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT113/document.
Full textSustainable diets are "protective and respectful of biodiversity and ecosystems, culturally acceptable, accessible,economically fair and affordable; nutritionally adequate, safe and healthy; while optimizing natural and human resources". The PhD student will study the compatibility between those different dimensions of sustainability, using nutritional epidemiology and diet modelling. Particularly, he will study the conditions under which re-balancing animal and plant-based food intakes would contribute to more sustainable diets, at individual and population levels
Delair, Stéphanie. "Etude de l'atténuation des efflorescences sur les matériaux cimentaires au moyen de produits pouzzolaniques." Phd thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00348870.
Full textFormation of efflorescence on cimentitous materials is a natural phenomenon. It is a white superficial deposit of salt of calcium carbonate on the surface of the material, which occurs under specific climatic conditions. This phenomenon leads mainly to an aesthetic deterioration of cementitous constructions, which can nevertheless become an important economic problem because of customers’ complaints. The aim of the study is to better understand the phenomenon, in order to avoid it. To do so, a procedure was performed to produce primary efflorescence in laboratory conditions, and was associated with a method of quantification of efflorescence formation. The reduction of the formation of efflorescence by replacement of a part of cement with pozzolanic products was studied. The use of very different products allowed the identifying, through multiple characterizations, of the properties of these pozzolans which allow them to ease most effectively the formation of efflorescence
Combeau, Pierre. "Simulation efficace et caractérisation du canal radiomobile en environnement réel : application aux systèmes sans fil." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2320.
Full textTalon, Aurélie. "Evaluation des scénarii de dégradation des produits de construction." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/69/50/40/PDF/2006CLF21668.pdf.
Full textTalon, Aurélie. "Evaluation des scénarii de dégradation des produits de construction." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695040.
Full textNadaï, Alain. "Nature, fonctionnement et utilisation de l'écolabel de produit." Paris, ENMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0857.
Full textPaulic, Gaëlle. "Entre production et consommation durables, quelle politique écologique des produits pour l'Union européenne ?" Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4009.
Full textConspicuous consumption has become the hallmark of the individualist model of society in the 21th century and the impacts of this consumption on the environment mean that the necessity to develop sustainable consumption patterns has become a central policy focus. Extended producer responsibility has already begun to focus on the product and its environmental impact. A new approach has now been canvassed bu the European Community which proposes a radical revision in the way in which impacts should evaluated and controlled. Integrated Product Policy is a proposal which reflects the problems of a society driven by consumerism. This evolutionary development in environmental politics results from a growing awareness that the increasing consumerism and globalisation of western society is linked to environmental degradation. Products are developed in accordance with their marketability. But their marketability is not automatically influenced by their environmental impact. IPP represents an innovative way of controlling environmental pollution by looking by the impacts which individual products will have on the environment along their full supply chain throughout their lifetime. It is a policy which is designed to function within a market economy where it is essential that consumption and production patterns are sustained in an economic sense. It is not aimed of achieving a reduction of consumption of products. But the viability of the new paradigm faces many difficulties in the refinement of a life-cycle approach within the current European legislation and within the context of a multilateral trade
Kreziak, Dominique. "Les motivations de la consommation verte : une approche par les chaînages cognitifs." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21007.
Full textConfronted to an increasing environmental concern, consumers are now offered opportunities to reduce the negative impact of their consumption on the environment. They can make environmentally responsible consumption choices: green products, recycling, biologically grown products. However, consumer motivation towards green consumption remains unclear, as environmental attitude is surprisingly not significantly related to these behaviors. Here, consumer motivation is considered to be reflected in the goal structures related to specific green consumption behavior. Means-end chain theory is used to uncover consumer goal structures. Several goal orientations related to green consumption, as well as consumer segments are identified. The results reveal that green consumption goes beyond environmental protection, an intermediate goal leading in turn to more abstract goals such as hedonism, health concern, preservation of the quality of life, respecting others or expressing one's values. Detailed results deepen the understanding of the motivations underlying glass recycling and green purchases, and underline their diversity. As a conclusion, managerial implications are derived on the use of goal structures to create persuasive messages targeting the consumer segments identified in the analysis
Blanchard, Philippe. "modélisation de la contribution du design industriel au processus de conception de produits ou services innovants dans un environnement contraint." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0014/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to model an ‘enhanced design' methodology applied to the conception of an innovative product in a SME environment. This approach includes C-K theory in a context of disruptive innovation.In general, the industrial design process consists of four major steps:1/ the ego-design phase, where the designer conceptualizes a user need,2/ the techno-design phase, where designer and engineer find solutions to materialize the concept,3/ the eco-design phase, where social actors involved authorize it and then4/ the ergo-design phase, where the user adopt the final product.A methodological reflection leads to the modeling of the innovative ‘enhanced design' reasoning (where major actors are replaced by a bunch of various stakeholders).The specific SME's case was successful. Using the model, the enhanced design project management was efficient. But some more complex application cases would help secure it. Using this approach, with appropriate information, should guide the SME design project manager in the general radical innovation process
Mehamli, Amara. "Les déterminants de l'innovation environnementale : application au secteur des détergents et produits d'entretien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1047.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to determine the relevant factors of environmental product innovation. This new more complex innovation, which requires environmental and competitiveness performance for its development and diffusion, occupies a more and more central place in the firm. We have in this work particularly analyzed the effectiveness of voluntary approaches (namely the European Ecolabel certification) on the innovation of products in the firm and, at the same time, identified the key determinants to adoption of this ecolabel. We focused our analysis on the detergents and maintenance-products sector in France. This study is a part of an evolutionary approach and considers the process of technical change (development and diffusion of European Ecolabel certified product) to be a complex and uncertain process incorporating different factors in co-evolution, beyond a limited conception of the role of environmental policies. The case study shows the role of the firm strategy in the process of technical change. The empirical analysis confirms the role of this determinant (strategy of suppliers of bimolecular substances) and presents, moreover, the importance of regulation (REACH…), the benefits of certification (brand image) and demand as key factors in adoption of this ecolabel certification. Indeed, although this voluntary policy drives some firms to innovation, the environmental performance and accession by most firms in this sector remains a challenge. In the current context, firms which have used biomolecular substances, under suppliers' strategic influence, have developed green products but not systematically European Ecolabel certified products
Elkhaldi, Imane. "Effets de la composition des liants bas carbone sur l'hydratation et la durabilité des bétons : vers un indicateur de performance en lien avec l'empreinte carbone." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0007.
Full textThe use of low-carbon concrete has now become a necessity leading to changes inthe standards governing concrete (EN 206) and cement (EN 197). The use of so-called “lowcarbon” cements is therefore made possible(CEM II/C-M and CEM VI). The work presented focuses on the evolution of the microstructure,mechanical strength and durability of low-carboncement-based concretes, in particular clinkerslag-limestone ternary mixtures (K-S-LL). An indicator is proposed to characterize the carbon footprint of concrete and its durability with respect to corrosion induced by carbonation.The results of this work demonstrate the important role of the reactive additions inreducing the carbon cost of the binders while maintaining good mechanical properties. Amodel allowing the prediction of the service life of the coating as a function of the properties of the cement materials is adapted to our problem.Concretes based on ternary cements have advantageous CO2/ddv ratios associated with a high corrosion propagation time compared with concretes based on portland cement. However,consideration of the carbonation effect on electrical resistivity influences the observed trends
Bouchenafa, Othmane. "Mécanosynthèse et matériaux de construction : optimisation et application pour la clinkérisation et la géopolymérisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1003.
Full textConstruction materials are an essential need for humans. After Water, concrete is the most widely used material in the world and cement production is constantly increasing due to the increase in the world population. In 2010, the annual cement production reached 3.3 billion tonnes. An increase of +6.9% was recorded in 2015 for a production that reached 4.6 billion tonnesStudies conducted on the environmental impact of the clinker manufacturing process have revealed that for a production of one tonne of clinker, a quantity of 0.7 to 0.8 tonnes of CO2 is released into the atmosphere or an annual emission of 2.8 billion tonnes of CO2. These greenhouse gas emissions are responsible for 5% of global emissions. In order to reduce this impact, solutions already proposed such as the use of alternative fuels for clinker manufacture, the partial substitution of cement by industrial co-products or carbon capture and storage.This thesis is part of a desire to reduce the carbon impact in the manufacture of construction materials by introducing the mechanosynthesis process into the production process of clinker and cement as well as geopolymers.The thesis work has been divided into 3 main parts:The first part concerns the mechanosynthesis process optimization by adding process control agents (PCAs). The use of these agents for the grinding of fly ash and blast furnace slag has reduced the milling time to 15 minutes, whereas without PCA, 1 hour milling time is required, or even 3 hours for optimal milling. Cement pastes which we have substituted up to 50% clinker with industrial co-products activated by mechanosynthesis with PCAs (we have used alcohol and water) have shown higher mechanical performance than those prepared with 100% Portland cement.Cement pastes prepared with a substitution of 50% milled slag 15 min + 4% alcohol has shown an improvement in mechanical performance (compression) of + 10%, + 15% and + 40% compared to a reference cement paste for 7, 28 and 90 days respectively.The second part aims to propose a clinkerization process by indirect mechanosynthesis. We have used limestone and clay (traditional products for clinker manufacturing) to produce an equivalent clinker. To achieve our objective, we have used indirect mechanosynthesis, which consists of coupling a mechanical activation with short milling time and a heat treatment not exceeding 900°C. This technique has allowed us to produce the essential compounds of clinker, C3S alite (Ca3SiO5), β-C2S belite (Ca2SiO4) and C3A aluminates.The last part is focused on the direct mechanosynthesis process used for the production of a ready-to-use geopolymer powder only by adding water. This process consists of mixing aluminosilicates such as slag, fly ash or metakaolin with chemical activators by grinding to obtain a final geopolymer product.Geopolymer paste formulations have been made and encouraging results in terms of compressive strength have been obtained
Mosser, Lucas. "Formulation de bétons décarbonés à base de clinker, métakaolin et d’addition calcaire pour une application aux produits préfabriqués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., IMT Mines Alès, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAL0004.
Full textThe aim of the presented research is to formulate industrially viable low carbon footprint concrete (< 150 kg.eq.CO2/m³). First, high substitution of clinker (65 % to 70 %) by metakaolin and limestone has been investigated to reduce the concrete’s carbon footprint. Then, granular packing compacity has been optimized with the Compressible Packing Model to reduce the required paste volume.High water content reduction (with adapted admixture content) and a thermal treatment have been applied to approach an Ordinary Portland Cement concrete’s performances. Compressive strength of superior to 14 MPa at 8 hours and strength classes of C25/30 and C40/50 have been reached. Also, through a performance approach, durability classes XC2 or XC4, XS3e and XS3m have been validated. The developed low carbon solutions were used to produce walls with integrated formwork at the industrial scale
Boutin, Roland. "Amélioration des connaissances sur le comportement des rejets en mer de produits de dragage de type vase : phénomènes à court terme et dans le champ proche." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0079.
Full textIn France, maintenance dredging operations most often lead to disposal at sea of materials removed from harbors or their access channels. Even because of swells and currents, those product should neither come back nor settle into the area nor there ten environmentally fragile areas. However those products have a complicated behavior mainly due to tiny particles like silts and present, there is no unified approach to describe their behavior when they are poured into the sea. Consequently, we have attempted to better understand the physical phenomena which rule the short-term evolution of those waste products. After skimming through history, we will introduce the field we have been studying and point out the limits to our research. The available theoretical approaches and the ensuing models will be considered. In order to watch the phenomena, we have tried to reproduce different methods of waste disposal (clapage, continuous washing away) in a laboratory canal by using a natural mud. Marking with indium 113m makes it possible to trace with scintillation probes the concentration of the turbid cloud at different points at the surface and on bottom. Photographs render the spatial evolution of the phenomena. The evolution of the wastes, particularly when a density current occurs, will be described. The rate of deposit related to different initial conditions will be appraised. Concerning some tests, a preferential separation on the silts can be noticed. After the experiments have benne describes, and after the new data have been given, we will analyze two models which are currently available. We conclude that these tolls cannot be used with real safety. We infer that more field data are needed to help us analyze the complexity of the waste behavior
Scholtus, Marie. "Construction d'un indicateur de qualité des eaux de surface vis-à-vis des produits phytosanitaires à l'échelle du bassin versant viticole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_THIOLLET-SCHOLTUS_M.pdf.
Full textThe degradation of surface water quality is mainly due to intensive agricultural practices. The main goal of this PhD program is to construct a watershed decision aid tool from a field decision aid tool which already exists. I-PhyField is calculated in 2 experimental French watersheds (Chablis, Rouffach). The adaptation proposed for the I-Phy indicator is to add a module which accounts for the distance between field and outlet and characteristics of the runoff water way : field connectivity index" (Ci). Ci index deals with factors outlying the field of study which may influence pesticide runoff and also, hydrological characteristics of the water way between the field and the watershed outlet. Ci index and I-Phy-BV indicator were calculated and validated for the 2 vineyard watersheds. Further research is needed for the validation
Thellier, Lionel. "Environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a solid oxide fuel cell and nuclear reactors." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10107.
Full textHumankind faces many challenges in the energy field: explosion in demand, greenhouse gas emissions, rarefaction of certain fossi! resources, pollution etc. The answer to these challenges lies in particular in the development of energy conversion systems with a high efficiency and low environmental impacts. Furthermore, it requires the development of approaches which enable to evaluate these impacts and communicate the results to a very wide audience. The work undertaken in this Phd thesis is a contribution to the efforts underway to me et this dual demand. It is made up of two parts which have consisted respectively: - in evaluating with a mature approach the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by an energy conversion system currently under development. The objective was to carry out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of the electricity provided by a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) "stack". The study was aimed to define the optimal manufacturing, use and end-of-life conditions for this stack from an environmental point of view, in order to help the designers and users in their technological choices. - in developing an approach which allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of the electricity produced by a mature energy conversion system. The objective was to adapt the concepts of Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity in order that they properly integrate nuclear electricity production. The study was aimed to propose a simple indicator for evaluating the environmental impacts ofthis type of electricity
Clair, Guillaume. "Etudes théorique et expérimentale des plasmas produits par laser en vue de leur application à l'analyse chimique des matériaux en environnement complexe." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925927.
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