Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits du palmier – Composition chimique'
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Denagbe, Wilfried. "Lipides et polysaccharides extraits du fruit du palmier Acrocomia aculeata (moucaya) : Structures, propriétés antioxydantes, émulsifiantes et formation de nano-vecteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Guyane, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023YANE0006.
Full textAcrocomia aculeata (« moucaya », French Guiana creole) is a palm native to French Guiana and the Amazon. Although its fruits are rich in lipids (0.1 to 83% of fresh matter for the mesocarp fruit) and carbohydrates (6 to 98% of fresh matter for them esocarp fruit), only lipi ds are valued as source of biofuels (biodiesel and biokerosene) in the Amazon sub region, due to a lack of knowledge about thechemical nature of carbohydrates. In FrenchGuiana, the fruit is not subject to any valorizationand its antioxidant capacities remain poorly known.To overcome this situation, this thesis work focuses on the extraction, physico chemical and structural characterization of the lipids and carbohydrates (mono --, di --, oligo and polysaccharides) constitutive of the fruit. An evaluation of their antioxidant oremulsifying properties, was also considered. Ourexperiments showed that fruit mesocarps contain 717% oil compared to rich fresh mesocarp, with a chemical composition dominated by oleic (54 62%) and palmitic (23 29%) acids, in line with literature results (53 78 and 11 30% respectively). Regarding carbohydrates, this work identified for the first time the presence of original glucomannanoligo and polysaccharides (fraction F2, 11 22% offresh mesocarp) with remarkable e mulsifyingproperties observed in the case of oligomers (waterin olive oil system (25/75, v v ) at 1% w/v; stability >6 months). In terms of antioxidant activity, the fruit showed no note worthy properties. This preliminary work paves the way for future in vestigations aimed at developing applications for these new glucomannans in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries
Bony, Emilie. "Composition chimique et propriétés anti-inflammatoires de l'huile de pulpe d'awara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20130/document.
Full textAwara (Astrocaryum vulgare M.) is a palm fruit mainly used for nutritional purpose because of its oily pulp. The aim of this study was to characterize awara pulp oil and evaluate its anti‑inflammatory properties in different experimental models. The pulp oil, whose major fatty acids are oleic and palmitic acid, showed a high content of carotenoids. The minor compounds identified are mainly represented by β‑carotene (carotenoids), β‑sitosterol, arundoin (phytosterols) and α‑tocopérol. The pulp oil showed anti‑inflammatory effects in an in vivo model of endotoxic shock by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‑6) and increasing the production of an anti‑inflammatory cytokine (IL‑10). These anti‑inflammatory effects have been confirmed in an in vivo model of airway inflammation. The pulp oil has reduced the influx of inflammatory cells in the lungs, mainly of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The unsaponifiable fraction has subsequently shown inhibitory effects on the production of various inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNFα, IL‑6, IL‑10) and on the expression of enzymes induced during inflammation (iNOS and COX‑2) in an in vitro model of activated macrophages. The unsaponifiable fraction also showed an inhibitory effect on cytokine production (TNFα, IL‑6 and IL‑10) in endotoxic shock model. These results confirm the role of micronutrients of awara pulp oil in its anti‑inflammatory properties and suggest a preventive and/or therapeutic role of awara pulp oil and its unsaponifiable fraction in inflammation‑related diseases
Hudiyono, Pws Sumi. "Analyse de matières grasses hydrogénées et influence de l'oxydation sur les compositions et propriétés physiques du beurre de cacao." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD452.
Full textRevel, Gilles de. "Le diacétyle, les composés dicarbonyles et leurs produits de réduction dans le vin." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20190.
Full textKamleh, Rabih. "Composition physico-chimique des différents laits de la plaine de la Bekaa : composition et caractéristiques rhéologiques des différents beurres produits." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL026N.
Full textCows' milk characteristics, milk fat and the rheological properties of different produced butters in four different regions in the Bekaa valley in Lebanon have been studied. Major milk components, milk fats and butter characteristics have shown significant seasonal and regional variations. The major milk components were high during the cold period due to the minimal milk production and the feed composition. Two different peaks of the somatic cell count have been noticed: the first during the fall season related to the hygiene situation of the farms and the second during the spring season related to the high calving rate. The short chain fatty acids were high during the cold period due to the stage of lactation. The long chain fatty acids variations were related to the feed composition. The solid fat content (SFC) and the fusion's enthalpy (J/g) of high melting triacylglycerols were high during the cold period in ail the districts with an exception in Central Bekaa where the impact of the feeding composition was clear. The butters' humidity was high during the hot season. Significant fluctuations of the rheological properties have been identified in fall season probably related to the triacylglycerols compositions' variations. Significant correlations were established between the rheological characteristics of butters (hardness, cohesiveness and suppleness) the composition and the characteristics of milk fat (short and long fatty acids and fusion's enthalpy oftriacylglycerols)
LE, BRAS PHILIPPE. "Les moyens du medecin du travail pour la determination de la composition des produits toxiques dans le monde du travail." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT099M.
Full textBourjot, Mélanie. "Recherche d'inhibiteurs de la réplication du virus Chikungunya issus de la biodiversité tropicale." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0015.
Full textIn order to discover inhibitors of viral replication of chikungunya (CHIKV), a screening was performed on 685 malagasy plants. Two species were selected: Flacourtia ramontchi (Salicaceae) and Anacolosa pervilleana (Olacaceae). The bioguided fractionation of the first species led to the isolation of eleven molecules of which ten were phenolic glycosides and six were new, while the study of Anacolosa pervilleana led to the characterization of seven molecules amongst which four polyacetylenic acids, two terpenoids and one cyanogenic glycoside. Unfortunately, these molecules have not shown any activity on CHIKV replication. Since a potent anti-CHIKV activity of a daphnane diterpenoid orthoester (DDO) isolated from a Trigonostemon species was discovered by serendipity, we have engaged chemical investigations of two species of Trigonostemon (Euphorbiaceae) : T. Cherrieri and T. Howii. The study of the EtOAc extract obtained from T. Cherrieri leaves led to the isolation of eight DDOs amongst which two were new. These molecules showed potent and selective antiviral activity on CHIKV replication. The study of the EtOAc bark extract of T. Howii allowed isolating seven compounds amongst which one new tigliane, four coumarins and two phenylpropanoids. The tigliane-type compound showed a moderate activity on CHIKV. This result led us to biologically investigate other tigliane diterpenoids amongst which phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate had shown the most powerful anti-CHIKV activity ever found to date
FLEURY, NATHALIE. "Obtention, composition chimique et proprietes physico-chimiques de fibres alimentaires issues de co-produits de l'extraction des alginates." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2001.
Full textLaxalde, Jérémy. "Analyse des produits lourds du pétrole par spectroscopie infrarouge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10022/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop an alternative analysis for the characterisation of heavy oil products. Predictive chemometric models have been developed by mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopies. This work has principally concerned the predictive model optimisation of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphalten contents (SARA). A simultaneous optimisation procedure of spectral data pre-processing methods and variable selection by genetic algorithms was evaluated. This approach has permitted to lead to the best NIR predictions and to show the interpretation potentialof selected variables. A comparative study of MIR and NIR spectroscopies for the development of heavy oil property predictive model was also performed. Results have shown that NIR spectroscopy was globally better for our application. It has been shown that spectroscopic data fusion can improve predictive power of models. The obtained results have shown that it seems however necessary that both spectroscopy, considered separately, have to lead to similar predictive power to expect an predictive power improvement when combining MIR and NIR. The interpretation potential of multiblock has been confirmed for the identification of MIR and NIR specific information. Finally, models developed for the prediction of density, contents of SARA, Conradson carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen were judged satisfactory for an application at laboratory
Aouni, Abdessamad. "Aptitude à l'amorphisation par pulvérisation cathodique des systèmes Ni-C Co-C, Mn-C et étude structurale des produits de synthèse et de cristallisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL091N.
Full textZerifi, Abdelrazak. "Méthode électrophorétique pour l'identification des espèces d'origine dans les produits carnés soumis à un traitement thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT037A.
Full textMalikidogo, Kyangwi Patrick. "Agents de contraste pour la détection quantitative du Zn(II) par IRM." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2074.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has long been devoted to obtain anatomical and functional images. Recently the development of molecular imaging, which seeks to obtain biochemical and physiopathological information, requires the use of a probe specific to the molecular event to be detected. This has led to the development of new “smart” Gd(III)-based contrast agents.Zn(II) detection remains of prime importance due to its implication in biological processes and diseases. One of the major challenges is its quantitative detection. To this aim, we have developed an approach based on bimodal probes which differs only by the Ln(III) used : Gd(III) for MRI (responsive technique) and 165Er(III) forsingle photon emission computed tomography (quantitative technique). These probes are based on apyridine-Ln(III) unit linked to a DPA (dipicolylamide) motif for Zn(II) complexation through a spacer.First, we have optimized the Zn(II) response of the Gd(III) complexes. We have improved the thermodynamic stability of the Ln(III) complexes by adding a carboxylate function to the ligand. This family of complexes respond to Zn(II) in the presence of HSA (Human Serum Albumin) by changes of the rotational correlation time. We have then performed a structural study to point out important parameters to optimize the Zn(II)response and/or the selectivity, especially versus Cu(II). We have also developed a family of molecules responding to Zn(II) by modest variation of the hydration number q. Finally, we validated the use of 165Er(III) for the in vitro quantitative detection of Zn(II)
Auger, Cyril. "Recherche de mécanismes d'action des polyphénols du vin et des produits de la vigne, dans la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires : Caractérisation de métabolites actifs de ces composés." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20165.
Full textSubagdja, Djadjat. "Composition chimique et valeur nutritive des différentes pailles traitées ou non traitées par l'ammoniac (revue bibliographique) : valorisation de la paille de riz par un traitement à l'ammoniac." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20106.
Full textGrandpierre, Catherine Bergonier. "Immunogénicité et antigénicité de produits de substitution dans les intolérances aux protéines de lait de vache." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30271.
Full textCharbonnel, Marie-Christine. "Extraction de l'uranium (vi), du plutonium (iv) et des produits de fission par les n,n'-tetraalkyldiamides." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21116.
Full textDubuisson, Pauline. "Influence de la phase grasse et des polymères naturels sur les paramètres physicochimiques en lien avec la perception tactile de l’émulsion." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH04/document.
Full textEmulsions are widely used in cosmetics. Depending on their composition, they exhibit various properties in terms of stability, texture, microstructure and macrostructure. At the present time, there a few to no studies in the literature interested in the effect of the emulsions composition on these different properties and the existing link between these characteristics that are implementing a command of the formulation. To address this dual problem, fourteen oil-in-water emulsions were formulated, with a controlled formulation protocol, for which the concentration of oil phase, acacia gum and xanthan gum evolve. Solutions of xanthan and acacia gums were also prepared to compare the effect of the gums on emulsions to the one on aqueous phase alone. The products were then characterized, in the most complete and objective way possible, to illustrate the influence of the composition on the properties of the emulsions and how these interact. Numerous parameters were collected through : ensory analysis, mcroscopic observations and static light scattering measurements, rhlogical and instrumental texture analyses. t can be concluded that the emulsions are well differentiates and that each of the emulsion parameter impacts its properties with significant differences, the oil phase content being preponderant overall. elationships between the data set were highlighted and suggest hypotheses about the impact of the formulation on the tactile properties of cosmetic creams
Sirot, Véronique. "Une approche d'analyse risque/bénéfice de la consommation de poissons et produits de la mer." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00566527.
Full textWaligora, Julien. "Obtention de granulats stables de laitier d'aciérie de conversion LD pour une utilisation en technique routière : étude appliquée au site d'ArcelorMittal Dunkerque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10162/document.
Full textLD converter steel slags are industrial by-products resulting from Linz-Donawitz steelmaking process in oxygen converters. Due to a dimensional instability, attributed to lime and magnesia contained into slag grains, they are not much valuated in road construction. The aim of this PhD thesis, concerning LD steel slags coming from ArcelorMittal Dunkirk steelmaking plant, was : (i) identify the minerai phases responsible for their instability and understand the mechanisms leading to dimensional damages, (ii) isolate into the steelmaking plant the slag outflows that are sufficiently stable for an use in road construction. Carefully chemical and mineralogical characterisations of these slags showed that they contain calcium silicates (essentially dicalcium silicate and punctually tricalcium silicate), calcium ferrites, iron oxides and two forms of lime: sorne nodules and sorne micro-inclusions. It was also established that without the presence of magnesia, lime is the only phase responsible for dimensional damages and that its distribution into slag grains (nodules, micro-inclusions) has a major influence on their stability. Moreover, taking account of certain industrial parameters, it is expected to produce stable slag grains and to incorporate them into wearing course, roadbase, base course or surface dressing. This work finally provides a new way for valuating LD converter steel slags
Fernandes, Paula. "Effets des modes de gestion des terres en zone sahélienne sur les termes et l'évolution de leur bilan organique et biologique : consequences pour une production céréalière soutenue : cas du Sénégal." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_FERNANDES_P.pdf.
Full textIn the sahelian zone, sail organic matter (SOM) and microbial biomass (MBc) are two essential components of soil fertility, SOM because of it's role in sail physical properties and stock of nutrients, and MBc as the key of most of the biological processes involved in SOM evolution. Our objective is (1) to evaluate the effects of organic inputs on sail fertility, using chemical and biological variables as well as yield components and (2) to determine the relationships between these variables so as to define types of soil behaviour that could explain the large variability of the response to manure in field conditions. We worked on medium-term and annual experiments as weil as a multilocal experiment in field conditions. Our variables are soil physico-chemical caracteristics, MBc, nitrification determined in situ (Nitn1) and in controlled conditions (Nitpot) as the biological variables, and plant prùductivity as an integrative variable. Our results confirm the fast degradation of SOM the first year of cultivation after 15 years of herbaceous fallow (-40% C the first year). This study also presents new results : (1) it validate, in field conditions, the increase of MBc during the cultivation period observed by other authors in agronomical station and precises the relationships between soil biological component (MBc and Nitm) and chemical ones (CEC, SOM) ; (3) it shows that the variability of the soil and plant reponse to manure is a function of it's composition and of the ecological zone; this variability is used to define types of sail behaviour; (4) it shows that residual effects of manure is still sensible, even after two years, on yield and MBc. This work also led to methodological studies. Controlled conditions are necessary for a better knowledge of biological mecanisms
Tétard, Cédric. "Analyse des mesures de l'expérience satellitaire SAGE III : algorithme d'inversion et validation des résultats : comparaison des produits des instruments de la mission spatiale ACE avec des mesures corrélatives à distance et in situ." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10023/document.
Full textOne of the conclusions of the last IPCC reports is that the role of the stratosphere in the current climate change is not weil known. Consequently, stratospheric studies must continue. Solar occultation and in situ measurements are weil suited to these studies but it is necessary to validate them. First, we have developed our inversion algorithm of the SAGE III transmissions and we have compared our products (vertical profiles of O3 and N02 concentrations and of aerosol extinction coefficients (AEC)) to those from the officiaI algorithm and from a third algorithm. Good agreements are obtained between these inversions for ail species. Then, we have compared our products to those from correlative validated measurements obtained by satellite and balloon borne instrument (SPIRALE). Except CEA, results are satisfying. However, the comparison with in situ measurements from SPIRALE obtained on the edge of the polar vortex exhibits a disagreement for NO2 proving that the solar occultation method are not weil suited for reactive species in complex dynamical situation. Once these validations carried out, we have studied the stratospheric intrusions of aerosols resulting from forest fires and we have shown that they lead to a strong increase in the number of particles. Finally, in an international framework, we have taken part in the validation of the instruments of the ACE mission (FTS, MAESTRO and Imager) with SAGE III and SPIRALE data. That enabled us to validate sorne products (O3 and NO2 from FTS and MAESTRO), to invalidate others (CEA from Imager) and to confirm the discrepancy for NO2 between in situ and remote measurements
Garros, Laurine. "Impact de conduites culturales innovantes sur la production de métabolites actifs pour la Cosmétique." Thesis, Orléans, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ORLE3155.
Full textThe valuing of regional biodiversity richness and the implementation of a sustainable approach in the production of bioactives meets the needs of the cosmetic industry in a restrictive regulatory context. This project is part of an approach to promote the plant heritage and local industry of the Centre-Val de Loire region. As part of this project, 13 plants or their co-products from local biodiversity or of interest for the horticultural industry were selected and studied. In tubo tests were carried out on the extracts of these 13 plants in order to highlight potential anti-aging activities against enzymes such as tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase and/or antioxidants of interest for the cosmetic industry. The results of these tests allowed the selection of a model plant with different activities in order to assess the contribution to an elicitation on the increase of its activities. In this context, the realization of classic cultures in passive hydroponics or innovative in active hydroponics as well as in vitro callus with light elicitations thanks to LED lamp systems of blue, red or white color was carried out onburdock (Arctium lappa L.). Each organ of the elicited plant was separated and extracted with ultrasound. The characterization of the molecular fingerprint of each extract was achieved by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS/MS) in order to identify their content and molecular variability according to the organ and/or elicitation studied. At the same time, the influence of the elicitation on the activities of cosmetic interest, particularly anti-tyrosinase and anti-ROS activities, was evaluated
Blanchard, Coralie. "Etude des facteurs influençant la structure et la texture de produits céréaliers alvéolés de cuisson semi-humide : une approche instrumentale et sensorielle de caractérisation de la texture." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS001/document.
Full textSince texture is the manifestation of structural, mechanical and surface properties of a material, it represents a key characteristic for food materials. It reflects food quality, freshness perception influencing consumer acceptance.Studies encountered in the scientific literature that are devoted to cereal based foods texture are foremost based on bread also biscuits scarcely on cakes. This study entitled ‘study of the different factors influencing the structure and the texture of semi-humid baked aerated cereal products: sensory and instrumental dimensions of texture’ focus on cake softness characterization, set up and evolution. First, the investigation of the influence of soft wheat flour origin, making process and aeration properties on cake texture is proposed. Instrumental characterization of cake texture properties was performed through high deformation using TPA and relaxation tests. Several approaches were attempted to determine cake crumb structure including rheology, microscopy; image analysis and X Ray-Tomography. Sensory characterization of cake texture was achieved through descriptive texture profile involving establishment of our trained panel. Second, we peer into the functional properties of wheat flour also of its gluten and starch components, physico-chemical methods among which fluid rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, optic microscopy and X-Ray powder diffraction are employed. The results are discussed in terms of physical and chemical changes that cake dough ingredients undergo upon making process. This investigation highlights that several parameters are substantially involved in cake structure set up and final texture perception. Suitable flour choice (composition, components quality) and aeration management are critical factors for the elaboration of a product to be perceived the softest as possible. Also, regarding evolution of texture, it is possible to state on the selection of a product whether than another at early development stages allowing anticipate on consumer acceptance
Contamine, Raphaël. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique de composites textile-mortier : application à la réparation et/ou renforcement de poutres en béton armé vis-à-vis de l’effort tranchant." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10271/document.
Full textThis research focuses on repairing and strengthening concrete structures with composite materials. In this particular domain, carbon-epoxy composites are of considerable interest, but still room for improvement. The main objective of this thesis is to show alternatives to these composites, such as Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC). Feasibility, performances and behavior of this alternative composite are examined. An experimental and analytical approach, at the micro-, meso- and macroscopic scale are conducted, notably thanks to the technique of digital image correlation for in-plane displacement measurement. Regarding the study of the material, a rather handy, reliable and efficient procedure of a direct tensile test was designed and validated. To enable a better understanding of the TRC behavior, 98 different TRC configurations were tested thanks to this procedure. The links between local mechanisms and macroscopic scale behavior were notably studied. Finally, key levers for optimizing the TRC were determined. On the structural level, a study was conducted on 11 beams shear strengthened by bonding of prefabricated plates or by contact molding. It shows that TRC solutions compare favorably with carbon-epoxy composites. Also, the local behavior was thoroughly assessed, notably the change of forces carried by the composite material and the truss model validity. A multi-cracking or pull-out behavior of the TRC was put forward depending on its application process
Kouloura, Eirini. "Phytochemical investigation of Acronychia species using NMR and LC-MS based dereplication and metabolomics approaches." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P636/document.
Full textMedicinal plants constitute an unfailing source of compounds (natural products – NPs) utilised in medicine for the prevention and treatment of various deceases. The introduction of new technologies and methods in the field of natural products chemistry enabled the development of high throughput methodologies for the chemical composition determination of plant extracts, evaluation of their properties and the exploration of their potentials as drug candidates. Lately, metabolomics, an integrated approach incorporating the advantages of modern analytical technologies and the power of bioinformatics has been proven an efficient tool in systems biology. In particular, the application of metabolomics for the discovery of new bioactive compounds constitutes an emerging field in natural products chemistry. In this context, Acronychia genus of Rutaceae family was selected based on its well-known traditional use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent. Modern chromatographic, spectrometric and spectroscopic methods were utilised for the exploration of their metabolite content following three basic axes constituting the three chapters of this thesis. Briefly, the first chapter describes the phytochemical investigation of Acronychia pedunculata, the identification of secondary metabolites contained in this species and evaluation of their biological properties. The second chapter refers to the development of analytical methods for the identification of acetophenones (chemotaxonomic markers of the genus) and to the dereplication strategies for the chemical characterisation of extracts by UHPLC-HRMSn. The third chapter focuses on the application of metabolomic methodologies (LC-MS & NMR) for comparative analysis (between different species, origins, organs), chemotaxonomic studies (between species) and compound-activity correlations