Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits de Nettoyage et de Désinfection'
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Pacheco, Da Silva Emilie. "Utilisation à domicile de produits de nettoyage et santé respiratoire – évolution de cet usage, en lien avec la pandémie de COVID-19 – dans trois cohortes françaises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASR015.
Full textThe household use of Disinfectant and Cleaning Products (DCPs) containing irritants, and those used in a spray form is an established asthma risk factor. In consequence, consumers might seek for potentially less harmful alternatives, and turn to wipes, green products or homemade products. However, no epidemiological study investigated the effects on asthma associated with the household use of these DCPs. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the household use of various DCPs and asthma. Our analyses were based on data from three French cohorts: CONSTANCES, NutriNet-Santé, and EGEA, in which household use of DCPs and asthma were assessed using standardized questionnaires. This thesis work confirmed the increased use of DCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that a weekly use of wipes and green products was associated with current asthma and uncontrolled asthma (cross-sectional analyses). However, a weekly use of homemade products was not associated with current asthma. A persistent and an increased weekly use of both irritants/sprays and green products was associated with a higher risk of deterioration or incidence of asthma (longitudinal analyses). The results of this thesis suggest for the first time that the household use of wipes and green products is at risk for asthma, whereas the use of homemade products did not seem to have an impact on asthma. For asthma primary and secondary prevention, further studies are needed to specifically identify the compounds causing these adverse effects on respiratory health, particularly those contained in green products
Dumas, Milne Edwards Orianne. "Risques professionnels dans l'asthme." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914719.
Full textPelleïeux, Sandra. "Intéraction de bactériophages avec des surfaces colonisées par des biofilms d'eau potable et évaluation de protocoles de nettoyage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0082/document.
Full textAlthough pathogens remain widely uncommon in water distribution networks, they may constitute a real threat for human health when accidentally introduced in the system. There is a lack of knowledge about virus behaviour into water distribution systems whereas such information is critical for a better viral risk management. In this context, three F-specific RNA bacteriophages -MS2, GA and Qbeta- were used as models, in experimental conditions mimicking water distribution systems. The purpose of the present work was at first to compare the viral accumulation of bacteriophages on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) colonised or not with drinking water biofilms. The second objective was to evaluate, on phages adsorbed in the biofilm, the efficiency of a cleaning protocol, based on chlorination and increase in the hydrodynamic strengths. To sum up, the water velocities tested in this work had little influence on both the bacterial and virus accumulation on surfaces, but applying a water flow led to an increase in the number of adsorbed phages in comparison with hydrostatic conditions. Whatever the conditions (water velocity, colonisation or not with a biofilm) MS2 phage was found to be the less adherent one. On HDPE colonised with a two-month old biofilm, the adhesion sequence was consistent with the sequence of hydrophobicity of the phages. The chlorination protocol tested in our study (4 to 5 mg CL2/L) can be applied punctually in distribution networks. After 60 minutes of chlorination the log-reduction was about 0.7 log10 for bacteria and between 2 and 3 log10 for bacteriophages, while no more infectious phages were detected in water after 5 minutes. Those results highlight that even two-month-old biofilms provide to viruses a protection against disinfection protocol. At last, the chlorination appears to be more efficient to inactivate viruses adsorbed on surfaces than an increase in the water flow velocity
Richard, Marlène. "Nettoyage des surfaces métalliques vis-àvis des protéines et du risque prion : Etudes des interfaces protéines/métal." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mrichard.pdf.
Full textCleaning of reusable medical devices is essential and must be effective before sterilization or disinfection. At the present time, few methods are available to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning with respect to organic soils. With the emergence of the prion risk and the exceptional resistance of this infectious agent to the conventional disinfection procedures, a special attention is paid to the detergency of the proteinic soils. Moreover, the treatment processes currently recommended for prion inactivation are extremely drastic and cannot be applied to the thermosensitive medical devices. In this context, the development of effective formulations or processes seems to be a real need and constitutes the goal of this study. Initially, we set up a system allowing an evaluation of formulation and/or process performances with respect to proteinic soils adsorbed on stainless steel surfaces. This system is based on the use of the X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and of protein radioloabelling techniques by 125 iodine. The performances of five formulations could be established and treated on a hierarchical basis making it possible to validate the reliability of this system. Next, our efforts were concentrated on the prion risk with the development of a biochemical method of indirect detection of the residual protein prion (PrP) on stainless steel support. The implementation of this method enables us to propose an effective process of cleaning in vitro with respect to protein prion, and this independently of the types of human protein prion or the animal stains used. Nevertheless, we showed that the lipidic environment of proteins significantly facilitated the cleaning process effectiveness and that the exclusively proteinic soils were resistant. This process will have to be validated by inoculation to animal. Convinced of the interaction forces governing the protein adsorption on metal surfaces, we wished to study in situ formation of the interfaces proteins/metal by XPS. Thus, chemical modifications of protein were observed in the interfaces formed with chromium, the oxide chromium and gold, by protein metallization. Although these conditions are not representative of the physiological conditions, we think that these data underline the chemical nature of the proteins/metal interactions and translate the protein resistance to the cleaning processes
Lissillour, Emmanuel. "Nettoyage du matériel et validation : mise en application dans un service de développement industriel." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P070.
Full textCimetière, Nicolas. "Etude de la décomposition de la monochloramine en milieu aqueux et réactivité avec des composés phénoliques." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Cimetiere-Nicolas/2009-Cimetiere-Nicolas-These.pdf.
Full textThe reactivity of monochloramine with model phenolic coumpounds in aqueous solution has been investigated. Experiments were carried out at ambient temperature, at pH within 5 to 14, and by using ammonia-to-chlorine ratios (N/Cl) ranging from 1. 08 to 31. 2 mol/mol for the preparation of monochloramine solutions. A preliminary study of the autodecomposition of monochloramine in organic-free solutions showed that the rate of decomposition of monochloramine in non-buffered and in phosphate-buffered ultra-pure water could be accurately simulated by a kinetic model. This model could also simulate the concentration-time profiles of monochloramine, dichloramine and free chlorine under a wide range of pH values and N/Cl molar ratios. The monochloramine demands of six phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol) and of Natural Organic Matter have been determined at neutral pH. The effects of N/Cl on the yields of formation of chloroform, chloroacetic acids and Total Organochlorinated byproducts and on the decay of Total Organic Carbon have been examined. The absolute second-order rate constants for the reaction of monochloramine with the three protonated forms of resorcinol and chlororesorcinols were determined. Kinetic modeling of the resorcinol/chlorine/chloramines system evolution underlined the key role played by free chlorine (liberated from monochloramine hydrolysis) in the mechanisms of resorcinol degradation at low N/Cl molar ratios
Fargeot, Catherine. "Evaluation de la détergence protéique sur les dispositifs médicaux réutilisables dans le contexte du risque de transmission des prions en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P625.
Full textPeyrat, Marie-Bénédicte. "Étude de l’influence du nettoyage et de la désinfection et des procédés d’abattage en abattoir de volailles sur le niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques des campylobacters." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S038.
Full textCampylobacter is a common cause of human bacterial enteritis and consumption of poultry products is a major source of human infection. It has been suggested that disinfectants and environmental stress can lead to changes in the nature and scale of antibiotic resistance expressed by bacteria. In order to investigate this hypothesis, sampling of poultry and environment in 4 unrelated slaughterhouses were conducted. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 6 antibiotics and 2 disinfectants were measured for all the isolates collected. Genotype profile of selected isolates collected after cleaning and disinfection and from poultry carcasses was done by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of P/fla///gyr/A and /fla/A genes. Our results indicate that campylobacter is able to survive overnight on surfaces of poultry slaughterhouses and that these strains may contaminate carcasses during the slaughter process. Our results also suggest that cleaning and disinfection procedures and shlaughter procces don’t lead to increase antibiotic resistance in campylobacter
Peltier, Jean-Pierre. "Méthodologie pour la validation du nettoyage de la verrerie de laboratoires d'analyses." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P214.
Full textMettler, Eric. "Etude des caractéristiques microbiologiques et physico-chimiques, après nettoyage et désinfection, de surfaces colonisées par des biofilms, dans divers ateliers de l'industrie alimentaire et au laboratoire." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS067.
Full textBlangis, David. "Identification et quantification des sous-produits organohalogénés formés par réaction de la monochloramine avec les matières organiques naturelles d’eaux de surface." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2315.
Full textThe semi open cooling systems of nuclear power plant favours the growth of biofilm and pathogenic micro-organisms. To reduce or inhibit the phenomenon of colonization, monochloramine is used as a disinfectant. Nevertheless, this chemical induces the formation of undesirable and potentially toxic disinfectant by-products (such as AOX: Adsorbable Organic Halide), by reaction with dissolved organic matter (DOM) of water. The aim of this study was to specify the nature of the molecules formed by monochloramination of natural waters. Because of the low consumption of monochloramine into natural water (about 0,1 mg Cl2/mg C in 24 hours), the amounts of formed AOX were small (less than 10 µg Cl/mg C in 24 hours), so the concentrations of individual disinfectant by-products (DBP) were very low. Among these halogenated by-products, we found principally haloacetic acids and for a small part haloacetonitriles (HAN), haloketones (HK) or chloropicrin. But an important part is still unidentified. In aqueous environment, the degradation of AOX and semi-volatil compounds, formed by monochloramination, increase when the temperature and pH were high. For the DCAA, effects were opposite. Nevertheless, DCAA was quickly decomposed in the presence of biofilm
Merel, Sylvain. "Caractérisation des sous-produits de chloration de la microcystine-LR et de la cylindrospermopsine." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472435.
Full textPeyrat, Marie-Bénédicte. "Etude de l'influence du nettoyage et de la désinfection et des procédés d'abattage en abattoir de volaille sur le niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques des campylobacters." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288961.
Full textGuilherme, Stéphanie. "Sous-produits de la désinfection dans l'eau potable des petits réseaux municipaux: variabilité spatio-temporelle, modélisation et stratégies de suivi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25527.
Full textTrihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) constitute the only regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in various countries. DBPs are compounds formed during drinking water treatment, from the reaction between natural organic matter and the disinfectant. Most DBPs are not regulated, even if they may have more pronounced toxicological effects than regulated ones. There is currently very little information about the occurrence of non-regulated DBPs, particularly in small water systems (SWS). Paradoxically, in many cases, SWS supplied by surface waters lack adequate treatment processes to remove DBP precursors in water subjected to the disinfection process. Their tap water may be more vulnerable to the presence of DBPs. This thesis is dedicated to improving the knowledge of the occurrence of DBPs (especially non-regulated DBPs) in SWS by studying their spatial and temporal variability. To do that, two sampling programs were carried out in 25 SWS during two years (between 2010 and 2012) in Canada. Small systems in the provinces of Newfoundland & Labrador and Quebec were considered. The following DBPs were measured during the study: THMs, HAAs, haloacetonitriles, haloketones and halonitromethanes. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the DBP spatio-temporal variation patterns, to establishing models to evaluate their levels and to developing decision-making schemes for simultaneously monitoring various families of DBPs, including non-regulated DBPs.
Rochette, Simon. "Variabilité du temps de séjour, du chlore et des sous-produits chlorés de la désinfection à l'échelle d'un quartier résidentiel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26677.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of chlorinated disinfection by-products (DBPs), more specifically trihalomethanes (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), and the residence time of water (RT) in a water distribution network (DN) on the scale of a residential neighborhood. A specific residential area in the DN of Quebec City was chosen in order to conduct this study. This area covers approximately 2 km2 and is inhabited by nearly 6000 citizens. The first chapter of this thesis is a literature review addressing free residual chlorine as well as THMs and HAAs concentrations in DNs, monitoring of water quality, modeling of RT and the impact of aging and rehabilitation of pipes on RT and water quality. The second chapter focuses specifically on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of free residual chlorine, THMs, HAAs and RT. This variability is studied and a dominant dimension between the spatial and temporal aspect is identified for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs using generalized linear mixed models. Then, the potential of RT as a water quality indicator for residual chlorine, THMs and HAAs is analyzed by a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. In the third chapter, a sensitivity analysis of RT is performed with different hydraulic scenarios. The scenarios considered are additional aging and rehabilitation of pipes to assess the effect on RT relative to a reference scenario representing the best state of knowledge of the studied area. The effects on RT are also studied in the context of their potential impact on free residual chlorine concentrations. Finally, the impact of the uncertainty of hydraulic parameters (diameter, roughness factor, water demand) on RT is investigated with Monte-Carlo simulations.
Mercier, Shanks Catherine. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des sous-produits de la désinfection émergents (haloacétonitriles, halonitrométhane et halocétones) dans un réseau de distribution d'eau potable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29065/29065.pdf.
Full textBeuf, Morgane. "Conséquences des modifications de surface de l'acier inoxydable sur l'encrassement, le nettoyage et l'hygiène des échangeurs à plaques traitant des produits laitiers." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1482.
Full textRomeas, Virginie. "Dégradations photocatalytiques de l'acide palmitique et du fluoranthène déposés sur verre auto-nettoyant à base de TiO2 : vitesses de disparition, produits intermédiaires, et mécanismes de dégradation." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10134.
Full textQuinot, Catherine. "Épidémiologie de l'asthme lié au travail : évaluation des expositions professionnelles et leurs associations avec la maladie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV079/document.
Full textCurrently, asthma is the first occupational respiratory disease. The use of disinfectants and cleaning products has been identified as an emerging risk factor for work-related asthma, especially in the healthcare industry. However, identifying the specific products at risk for asthma remains challenging, partly because assessment of occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products is difficult in epidemiological studies and needs improvement. Moreover, taking into account possible healthy worker effect (HWE) is essential in work-related asthma study.The aims of the thesis were to improve the methods for assessment of occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products by developing new methods; and to study the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants/cleaning products and asthma control taking into account a possible HWE.First, job-exposure (JEM) and job-task-exposure matrices (JTEM) have been created using data from a random sample of women without asthma from a large prospective cohort of US nurses (NHSII: Nurse’s Health Study II). Second a new assessment method using a smartphone application with a barcode scanner and a database was designed to evaluate occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products. The study of the association between occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products and asthma control has used data from the French Epidemiological study on the genetics and environment of asthma. Longitudinal data were available on occupational history and asthma phenotypes. To control for a possible HWE, a marginal structural model (MSM) was used.For the first part, JEM and JTEM exposure estimates were heterogeneous in most nursing jobs, except in emergency room and education/administration. The JTEM may provide more accurate estimates than the JEM, especially for nursing jobs with heterogeneous tasks. Through the smartphone application, 126 products were registered for 14 hospital workers of the pilot study. Information on components was available for all products in the database. The method developed is feasible and applicable to larger epidemiological studies. In the etiological part, a HWE was observed in the study sample. Even after controlling for a HWE, results did not allow concluding on the association between occupational exposures and control of asthma
Chehab, Rana. "Développement de systèmes automatisés pour l'analyse des chloramines inorganiques et des trihalométhanes dans les eaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191219_CHEHAB_709yw442ar277zi372bo_TH%20(1).pdf.
Full textChlorination of water is widely used to reduce the risk of waterborne infections. However, chlorine can react with organic and inorganic species present in water leading to the formation of disinfection-by-products known to pose human health problems because of their toxicities, especially inorganic chloramines and trihalomethanes. Furthermore, the quantification of these compounds poses a major analytical challenge because, as far as we know, there is no sensitive method that can differentiate between inorganic chloramines, and there is no portable and inexpensive method for the analysis of trihalomethanes.Two flow analytical-based systems have been developed in this study to facilitate their portability and to minimize the cost of development. The first system aims to analyze inorganic chloramines in water, it is based on the use of a Multi-syringe chromatography (MSC) module, allowing inorganic chloramines separation, followed by a post-column derivatization step with a chromophoric reagent that enhances the sensitivity and the selectivity of detection. The second system has been developed for the analysis of trihalomethanes in water, it is based on the optimized Fujiwara’s reaction and on a solid phase preconcentration step.These two systems developed allows quantification of these two families of disinfection by-products in a sensitive, reliable, selective and cheap way by using flow analysis
Mackeown, Henry. "Evaluation de la réduction du potentiel de formation des trihalométhanes et des acides haloacétiques par des procédés de traitement de l’eau potable : application sur des eaux impactées par les ions iodure et bromure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R059.
Full textDisinfectants react with natural organic matter (NOM) to produce undesired disinfection by-products (DBPs). Drinking water resources in coastal areas can be impacted by higher concentrations of iodide leading to the formation of iodinated DBPs which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. Two analytical methods to analyse DBPs by headspace-trap gas chromatography were developed at Lille University: one for the trihalomethanes – with a focus on iodinated species (I-THMs) – and one for the haloacetic acids (HAAs). Those methods were implemented in a collaboration with De Watergroep to look at the removal of these DBP precursors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant as well as in the assessment of ion exchange resins, as part of an ambitious project to modernize the plant. As well as formation potential tests on real waters, different scenarios of increasing iodide and bromide concentrations were tested. The results were also related to the characterization of the natural organic matter, with the removal of humic substances and building blocks leading to the greatest abatement of THM formation potential during coagulation-decantation and ion exchange treatment. Preformed I-THMs and HAAs were greatly removed by the granular activated carbon filters in the full scale plant, reducing the overall relative cytotoxicity. Amberlite IRA410 had the best performance amongst 4 resins on NOM removal and DBP formation potential reduction
Mackeown, Henry. "Evaluation de la réduction du potentiel de formation des trihalométhanes et des acides haloacétiques par des procédés de traitement de l’eau potable : application sur des eaux impactées par les ions iodure et bromure." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR059.
Full textDisinfectants react with natural organic matter (NOM) to produce undesired disinfection by-products (DBPs). Drinking water resources in coastal areas can be impacted by higher concentrations of iodide leading to the formation of iodinated DBPs which are more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogues. Two analytical methods to analyse DBPs by headspace-trap gas chromatography were developed at Lille University: one for the trihalomethanes – with a focus on iodinated species (I-THMs) – and one for the haloacetic acids (HAAs). Those methods were implemented in a collaboration with De Watergroep to look at the removal of these DBP precursors in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant as well as in the assessment of ion exchange resins, as part of an ambitious project to modernize the plant. As well as formation potential tests on real waters, different scenarios of increasing iodide and bromide concentrations were tested. The results were also related to the characterization of the natural organic matter, with the removal of humic substances and building blocks leading to the greatest abatement of THM formation potential during coagulation-decantation and ion exchange treatment. Preformed I-THMs and HAAs were greatly removed by the granular activated carbon filters in the full scale plant, reducing the overall relative cytotoxicity. Amberlite IRA410 had the best performance amongst 4 resins on NOM removal and DBP formation potential reduction
Overney, Anaïs. "Persistance de Listeria monocytogenes dans les ateliers agro-alimentaire : influence de facteurs environnementaux et étude des mécanismes d’adaptation aux stress." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1018/document.
Full textDespite the correct and frequent application of cleaning & disinfection (C&D), Listeria monocytogenes has the ability to adhere to and persist on surfaces in food processing plants for long periods. Consequently, L. monocytogenes may be responsible for cross-contamination of food through contact with contaminated surfaces. In addition, it is important to consider the potential presence of viable but non culturable (VBNC) bacteria that are not detected by the microbiological methods used in the research of L. monocytogenes in a surface sample.One aim was to verify whether the conventional culture media commonly used for laboratory experiments were representative of the environmental conditions of food processing plants and define for further experiments a synthetic medium that can model a food soil. Optimization of the C&D procedures is a necessary to ensure food safety and protect the health of consumers. For this purpose, the survival of L. monocytogenes adherent cells subjected to laboratory conditions simulating alternating phases of C&D and production was studied. Several factors that may influence the survival of these cells were considered and combined with a fractional factorial design, including: the food soil, the strain of L. monocytogenes, the surface material, the presence of a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, which enhances the adhesion of L. monocytogenes, and the scenario of the sanitation procedure. Moreover, in the food industry, bacteria can be subject to many stresses; thus, the expression and induction of appropriate genes and stress response proteins are required for survival. The stress response mechanisms set up by the adherent L. monocytogenes cells after hydric stress (i.e. desiccation), chemical stress (i.e. C&D), and cold stress were determined by a transcriptomic analysis.According to the criteria studied (i.e. growth, adhesion forces, spatial distribution, and physiological state of adherent cells), TSB/5m medium was found to be a sufficient model for smoked salmon juice. In contrast, none of the tested synthetic media can replace the use of meat exudate to mimic field conditions. About the factors influencing the survival of L. monocytogenes, C&D procedures were found to only impact the culturability of adherent cells; however, drying surfaces were found to optimize the effectiveness of the C&D procedures, especially when performed daily
Abou, Mehrez Odissa. "Chloration et monochloramination des aminophénols en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2320/document.
Full textThis work describes the reactivity of chlorine and monochloramine with aminophenols in aqueous solution. Chlorination and monochloramination kinetic rates of aminophenols were investigated, first and final oxidation by-products were identified.Oxidant demands and formation potential of adsorbable organic halides (AOX), chloroform, haloacetic acids (HAA) and halonitriles (HAN) were determined during the chlorination and the monochloramination of aminophenols. The 3-aminochlorophenols and the 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (APX) were respectively identified during the monochloramination of 3AP and 2AP.Chlorination of aminophenols in a continuous flow reactor showed that the kinetic rates of 2-aminophenol (2AP) and 3-aminophenol (3AP) have the same order of magnitude at neutral pH. Kinetic modelling of 3AP chlorination indicated that aminophenolate is the most reactive species with chlorine.Monochloramination kinetics of 3AP in a batch reactor showed that the rate of monochloramination decreases when pH increases from 7 to 9 and the neutral form of 3AP is the most reactive with monochloramine. In comparison, chlorination rate of 3AP was estimated to be 105-fold higher than monochloramination rate
Sylla, Yahaya. "Nettoyage en place des lignes agro-industrielles : Etude Cinétique d'élimination des biofilms négatifs au sein des installations fermées dans les industries agroalimentaires." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00809268.
Full textKhamisse, Elissa. "Etude du microbiote susceptible de persister sur les surfaces d'un atelier de la filière viande bovine." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00770326.
Full textCool, Geneviève. "Modèles pour l'estimation de la variabilité régionale présente et future de la présence des trihalométhanes dans l'eau potable." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26141.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to estimate the present and the future regional variability of trihalomethane (THM) occurrence in drinking water utilities (DWUs) supplied by surface water using multilevel models. The regional variability of THMs was investigated using a large database developed as part of this thesis that takes into account information about regulatory drinking water quality analyses, treatment infrastructures, surface water quality, and many other spatiotemporal parameters that may influence source water quality (Chapter 2). The multilevel models allow for the consideration of the hierarchical structure of the data and the study of variability among THM samples, while controlling for the grouping of THM concentrations within DWUs and at the regional level. At first, multilevel linear regression models were developed to estimate the regional and temporal variability of an indicator of THM precursors (i.e., dissolved organic carbon – DOC) (Chapter 3). Then, using the knowledge acquired in this study and based on multilevel logistic regression models, we developed a model which allows us to estimate the regional variability in the probability of THM concentrations exceeding a specific threshold in drinking water (Chapter 4). Then, this model was used to estimate the possible impact of climate change on the future regional variability in the probability of THM concentrations exceeding the threshold (Chapter 5). Multilevel models have only rarely been used in the field of drinking water quality modelling. And yet results from this thesis demonstrate that they are quite useful in considering the natural hierarchy of variables allowing for the modelling of drinking water quality on a regional basis. The database we developed and the methodological exploration of multilevel regression models that is carried out through the chapters of this thesis offer a useful framework for future modelling studies which examine the regional variability of drinking water quality. Keywords: drinking water, surface water, multilevel regression models, regional ecological framework, trihalomethanes, disinfection by-products, dissolved organic carbon, climate change
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR010.
Full textNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Full textNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
St-Pierre, Annie. "Caractérisation de la toxicocinétique des trihalométhanes et des acides chloroacétiques administrés sous forme de mélanges chez le rat." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15067.
Full textCatto, Cyril. "Approche multidisciplinaire pour l’amélioration de l’estimation de l’exposition aux sous-produits de désinfection de l’eau en milieu domestique et en piscine." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8820.
Full textDisinfection of drinking and swimming pool waters disinfection is unavoidable but induces the formation of by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and chloramines (CAMs), that could be harmful to human health. The still challenging DBP exposure assessment prevent their suspected adverse effects (i.e., cancers, adverse pregnancy outcomes, irritations) to be clearly established. A methodology has been conceptualized which consists of integrating environmental occurrence data with physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling to improve DBP exposure assessment. It was designed to allow both spatial and temporal variations of the environmental contamination and the biological impacts of between- and within- individual differences to be accounted for. This thesis comprised of two parts. Each one investigates successively both environmental and biological aspects. The objective is to contribute to the development of an innovative integrated strategy and to the definition of best practices for DBP exposure assessment. The first part of the thesis, comprising papers I and II, focuses on household exposure (i.e., resulting from drinking water use at home) and on THMs, the most abundant and volatile DBPs that can be absorbed not only by ingestion but also by inhalation and dermal absorption. These two papers investigate particularly the short-term (day-to-day and within-day) variations of THM levels in the drinking water and then their impact on the internal exposure indicators. They described the amplitudes and the diversity of the environmental variations, failed to model them in a systematic and practical way for epidemiological purposes but assessed, for the first time, their impacts on the predicted biological levels which appeared quite low. The second part concerns the exposure to DBPs in swimming pool which is of a growing international interest. Only the allegedly worrying case of public indoor swimming pool was regarded. This section focuses on the feasibility of using the previously mentioned approach, which was first designed for dealing with household exposure, for DBP exposure assessment in swimming pools. First, Paper III investigated the occurrence and spatial and temporal variations of DBPs in both water and air of swimming pools to model them. Focusing on chloroform, the most abundant THM, Paper IV examined the ability and reliability of PBTK modeling to simulate various swimming pool exposure events and predict the resulting biological levels in individuals. The results show, among other things, the difficulty of explaining precisely the environmental contamination and point out the necessity to carry out a minimal in situ sampling to monitor the environmental levels of DBPs. Compared to other approaches, PBTK modeling is a powerful but still to be improved tool for predicting swimming pool exposure. Eventually, these works underline the relevance and the necessity of a multidisciplinary and integrating approach for better estimating exposure to DBPs and therefore health risks. Further issues that should be addressed are recommended.
Bernard, Gabrielle. "Mesures de colorimétrie et de spectrophotométrie de différentes gouttières thermoplastiques d’alignement orthodontique avant et après l’exposition à différents substrats colorants et à des produits nettoyants." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24436.
Full textINTRODUCTION: Manufacturers of orthodontic aligners suggest that users take off removable appliances every time they consume solid foods or any drink (except water). This is to avoid a color change within the clear thermoplastic material of which they are made. Prior studies have focused on a limited set of aligners, excluding some popular American brands on the market. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the stain resistance of the polymer forming three different American aligner brands. A secondary aim is to evaluate the stain-removal potential of two cleaning techniques for these devices. A tertiary goal is to determine the type of polymer forming the internal and external surfaces of the studied brands of aligners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The removable appliances were exposed to different staining agents common in a regular diet (coffee, red wine, black tea and cola) or to a control solution made of a Biotene® Oral Balance saliva replacement gel. The three brands evaluated were Invisalign®, ClearCorrect® and Minor Tooth Movement®. Following exposure, the same aligners were cleaned during fifteen minutes with either the Invisalign® cleaning crystals or the Cordless Sonic Cleaner combined with a Retainer Brite® tablet. Colorimetry data was acquired via a calibrated scanner and the Adobe Photoshop® software, using a CIELAB color space approach to compare color changes (E) in aligners exposed to various media. The CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured before immersion (T0), after a twelve-hour exposure (T1), after a seven-day exposure (T2) and after cleaning (T3). Those color differences were then converted into National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units to facilitate the clinical interpretation. Statistics methods (Levene’s test, ANOVA, Brunner-Langer model, Tukey’s range test and t-test) were used to identify interactions between the brands themselves or between the brands and the cleaning methods. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This study suggests that an exposure of twelve hours to instant coffee affects significantly the color of the Invisalign® aligners compared to the two other brands. A twelve-hour immersion into red wine also causes a statistically significant color change for the Invisalign® devices compared to their competitors. After seven days of exposure, a more conspicuous intrinsic color change is observed in the Invisalign® aligners exposed to instant coffee and red wine. In both media, the results are statistically significant for the Invisalign® appliances compared to the ClearCorrect® and the Minor Tooth Movement® aligners. The black tea creates an important extrinsic color change in the three brands after seven days. While normal exposure conditions would not typically consist of 12 h to 7 days of continuous exposure, these data indicate that repeated, cumulative exposure may be problematic. The two cleaning methods tend to show a better efficacy in removing extrinsic stains from black tea compared to intrinsic stains of other substrates. The infrared spectrophotometry confirms that the internal and external surfaces of each studied brand of aligners were made of the same polymer. ATR FTIR spectra of polyurethane-based material are observed for the Invisalign® and the ClearCorrect® devices. However, for the Minor Tooth Movement® aligners, the ATR FTIR analysis shows that the appliances are a polyethylene glycol terephthalate polyester. CONCLUSION: The Invisalign® aligners were more prone to pigmentation from coffee and red wine than the ClearCorrect® or the Minor Tooth Movement® devices. Black tea caused important extrinsic stains on the surface of the three tested brands.