Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits de l'olivier – Constructions'
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El, boukhari Mohamed. "« Analyse expérimentale du comportement mécanique et thermiqued'un béton et d'un mortier allégés par des grignons d'olives : Application au bâtiment »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS040.
The management of agricultural waste and the promotion of sustainable building materials offer many considerable benefits. By integrating sustainable practices into the construction sector, we have the ability to reduce our ecological footprint by limiting the excessive exploitation of natural resources. The research conducted in this study aims to develop a lightweight structural concrete and cement mortar using organic olive pomace aggregates. Two types of aggregates were used, depending on whether they were mixed with or without olive mill wastewater. The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of lightened concrete and mortar specimens in comparison with ordinary concrete and mortar specimens. They were prepared using dry and saturated olive pomace aggregates, with a percentage substitution of natural sand ranging from 0% to 15%. The results showed that the optimal formulation for producing lightweight concrete consists of 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. This formulation offers better mechanical properties, including a compressive strength of 25 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.61 MPa, and a dynamic modulus of elasticity of 44.39 GPa. Additionally, the resulting material has a reduced dry bulk density, leading to a decrease of approximately 5.69% compared to the reference concrete. For cement mortar, the best results were obtained with a mixture containing 5% dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater. The results showed a marginal effect on compressive strength (Rc), reaching 33.50 MPa after 28 days of curing. However, for both concrete and mortar, microstructural analysis revealed weak adhesion between olive pomace aggregates and the cement matrix at the Interfacial Transition Zone. Experimental tests also showed that increasing the content of olive pomace aggregates reduces the ultrasound propagation velocity and the dynamic modulus of elasticity of lightweight concrete and mortar, as well as their workability, while increasing their porosity.As regards the thermal properties of the developed materials, the incorporation of olive pomace aggregates led to an improvement in thermal resistance. In the case of lightweight concrete with 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.3 W/m·K (for the control specimen) to 0.86 W/m·K. In the case of cement mortar containing 5% of dry olive pomace aggregates mixed with olive mill wastewater, the thermal conductivity (λ) decreased from 1.1 W/m·K (control specimen) to 0.87 W/m·K. In conclusion, this study revealed that the materials developed and tested under laboratory conditions meet the required standards for general use in construction
Roux, Denis. "Représentations de l'olivier en Provence & dans l'aire méditerranéenne : opinions contemporaines et formes brèves de tradition orale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10104.
Fima, Pierre. "Constructions et exemples de groupes quantiques localement compacts." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2036.
In this thesis, we construct new examples of locally compact quantum groups. First we look for examples such that the two associated von Neumann algebras are factors of a given type. We apply the bicrossed product construction to obtain type III examples. Then we study the twisting construction for locally compact quantum groups. The main difference between our work and the previous ones is a non trivial deformation of the Haar measure. We also compute all the ingredients of the twisted locally compact quantum group including the dual C*-algebra and the dual comultiplication. Finally, we do explicit computations on some examples. The case of the group of invertible upper triangular matrices is done in detail
Quebaud, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude du percement de galeries par boucliers à pression de terre : amélioration du creusement par l'utilisation des produits moussants." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10121.
Bertrand, Lionel. "Influence d'un MHEC sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques d'un enduit de rénovation de façade : étude de l'adhérence de l'enduit sur une pierre de Tuffeau." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0087.
Renovation renders are complex materials. They content many components: cement, lime, aggregates and organic admixtures. One of them, the water retentive, allows to retain the water inside the render when applied on a porous substrate. In this study, the retentive admixture is a cellulose ether (MHEC). Its mode of action and effects on render properties are not well known. The aim of this work is to measure and explain the MHEC influence on the render adhesion when applied on a limestone substrate (tuff). Therefore, we compared Iwo renders, with and without MHEC. However, the adjunction of MHEC demands an addition of water during the render mix to obtain similar render workability. The study of the render adhesion is done thanks to the Wedge Splitting Test. This test allows to control the crack propagation at the render/substrate interface and gives many information (load, stiffness, fracture energy). The characterization of mechanical (elastic modulus) and physical properties (length variations, setting kinetics) of renders completed by the study of water movements (suction, evaporation) helps to understand their adhesive behavior. Also, modifications due to MHEC addition were underlined, separately of the render water content. ESEM observations of the renders hydration and of the renders/substrate fracture surfaces allow to raise assumptions on the MHEC action mode
Côté, Nelson. "Potentiel de récupération de composantes de fermes de toit dans les sciages flacheux produits en scierie : étude de cas." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25556.
Song, Heon. "Modélisation de l'activité créative pluridisciplinaire en conception architecturale centrée utilisateur : application à l'habitat d'urgence." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00567238.
Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes en physique du bâtiment : modélisation, expérimentation et validation expérimentale de complexes de toitures incluant des produits minces réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069/fr/.
Jeder, Asma. "Matériaux carbonés par voie hydrothermale à partir de noyaux d'olive : étude du procédé, caractérisation des produits et applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0219/document.
Hydrothermal carbonization process uses green waste from municipalities (Wood chips, sewage sludge, bagasse, leaves …) to produce solid bio-coal. The solid HTC product known as hydrochar commonly used as a fuel or fertilizer but it could be converted also into high- value products like activated carbon. The principal purpose of this thesis is to study the conversion of olive stones, widely available lignocellulosic biomass in Tunisia and Mediterranean country, into hydrochar and then activated carbon. In this study, a laboratory scale batch reactor has been designed and built. The hydrothermally carbonized olive stones were prepared at different reaction severity and with addition of salts, acid or ammonia. All prepared hydrochar are characterized by different analysis methods. The HTC water was also analyzed and the results show that HTC-liquid contains high added value components such as furfural and 5-HMF. The hydrothermally carbonized olive stones were activated by both physical activation, using CO2 and chemical activation, using KOH. The materials had high surface area (as high as 1400 m2 g-1) and rich surface chemistry. The potential for pharmaceuticals (Ibuprofen and Metronidazole) and hydrogen adsorption were assessed for HTC-activated carbon and they showed good performance in both application
Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'Etude des Parois Complexes en Physique du Bâtiment : Modélisation, Expérimentation et Validation Expérimentale de Complexes de Toitures incluant des Produits Minces Réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069.
Rouleau, Nicolas, and Nicolas Rouleau. "Évaluation de l'efficacité de traitements pour la prévention ou la mitigation de la corrosion de l'acier d'armature dans les éléments en béton armé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24295.
Cette étude visait à évaluer l’efficacité de différentes techniques de protection à prolonger la durée de vie des infrastructures en béton susceptibles d’être atteintes de corrosion des armatures. L’objectif principal du projet était de fournir des informations quantitatives sur l’influence de certaines des stratégies les plus couramment utilisées pour protéger les ouvrages contre la pénétration de l’humidité et des ions chlorure ainsi que pour contrôler l’initiation et la propagation de la réaction de corrosion. Ainsi, l’impact de l’utilisation de scellants non coupe-vapeur, de membranes et de produits inhibiteurs de corrosion (migrateur et adjuvant) a été étudié. Les différents traitements ont été testés sur des corps d’épreuve pré-conditionnés de manière à présenter quatre niveaux de contamination et de détérioration : état vierge non corrodé, état contaminé par les ions chlorure mais non corrodé, état de corrosion initiée et état de propagation de la corrosion. Un des objectifs spécifiques de cette étude était d’évaluer l’influence des différents traitements sur l’évolution de facteurs comme la distribution interne de l’humidité relative, la distribution des ions chlorure ainsi que l’activité de corrosion. Pour ce faire, 51 dalles de béton armé ont été fabriquées et exposées à des cycles de mouillage (brouillard salin) et de séchage dans une chambre environnementale. Afin de caractériser l’évolution de l’activité de corrosion propre à chaque condition, un suivi électrochimique des éléments comportant des mesures de potentiel électrochimique et de résistance à la polarisation linéaire a été assuré. À la suite de la période de cyclage dans la chambre de brouillard salin, une autopsie a été pratiqué sur une sélection de corps d’épreuve. Cette opération avait pour but de dégager les barres d’armature de manière à caractériser les zones anodiques.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
This study aimed at evaluating the capacity of various protection techniques to extend the service-life of concrete infrastructure affected by reinforcement corrosion. The main objective of this project was to provide quantitative information on the influence of some of the most commonly used strategies in practice to protect reinforced concrete structures against the initiation and propagation of corrosion, respectively non-vapor barrier sealants, waterproofing membranes and corrosion inhibitors products (penetrating and admixture). The various treatments were tested on laboratory-size concrete test slabs pre-conditioned in such a way to exhibit four different stages of contamination and deterioration: virgin, contaminated by chlorides but not corroded, corrosion initiated and corrosion propagating. A specific objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different treatments on the evolution of various factors such as the internal distribution of relative humidity, the distribution of chlorides and the corrosion activity. Through two successive experimental phases, 51 test slabs were produced and subjected to cycles of wetting (salt spray) and drying in an environmental chamber. In order to monitor the evolution of the corrosion activity for each condition, half-cell potential and linear polarization measurements were carried out on all specimens at regular time intervals. Following the period of cycling in the salt spray chamber, an autopsy was performed on a selection of tested slabs in order to expose the reinforcing steel rebars and allow a characterization of the anodic areas.
Loukil, Olfa. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la dégradation d'éléments structurels en béton armé par corrosion sous courant imposé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1138/document.
Corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete generates iron oxides which induce tensile stresses at the steel/concrete interface leading to the concrete cover cracking and loss of reinforcing bar cross-section. The evaluation of such pathology remains difficult and consequently limits the assessment of the structure serviceability, the knowledge on the degradation evolution, and the choice of a suitable repair method. The aim of this study is to correlate internal degradations (corrosion products formation and concrete cracking) induced by steel corrosion to external degradations (concrete cracking).The experimental program aims to determine these degradation mechanisms. The accelerated corrosion tests are carried out on reinforced concrete specimens in the presence of chloride ions by applying a constant current using three current densities (50,100 and 200 µA/cm²) during different exposure periods.Electrochemical properties of reinforced concrete specimens are determined before and after the accelerated corrosion tests. The quantitative evaluation of the corrosion products at the steel/concrete interface based on SEM observations (microscopic scale) demonstrates an important heterogeneity in the distribution and thicknesses (between 0 and 1584 µm). This heterogeneity can be explained by the evolution of anodic and cathodic zones due to different factors such as the non symmetric geometry of the specimens, the accelerated corrosion test environment (moisture, chloride ions and oxygen gradients), and the characteristics of concrete (aggregates, porosity).The internal (angular position, width, and length of cracks) and external crack patterns (maximum crack width) induced by the formation of corrosion products are analyzed. One to five internal cracks are identified in the internal crack patterns and they are classified in three groups. The first and second groups contain horizontal and vertical cracks which propagate in the direction of the shortest concrete cover. The third group is constituted of oblique cracks which are located in the opposite side of the horizontal cracks. The widths of the internal cracks range between 0.1 to 0.4 mm and their lengths between 1 to 3 cm. The maximum external crack widths are between 0.1 to 0.7 mm and are located on the shortest cover sides of the specimens.The maximum effort applied during the pull-out tests decreases with increasing levels of corrosion. However, the corrosion levels reach during the tests are too low to affect the steel/concrete interface behavior. The failure mode identified during the testing is concrete splitting failure regardless the corrosion level. A cause/effect scenario is proposed between steel corrosion and the mechanical induced degradation considering all experimental results.Based on experimental results, two models are proposed. The first one is developed to explain corrosion initiation and propagation. This model is able to determine the corrosion initiation time for each current density.The second model analyses the concrete cover mechanical behavior. The numerical results show that taking into account only the thickness of corrosion products (as an experimental input) does not generate a numerical cracking pattern similar to the experimental one. Then, complementary calculations considering a different distribution of the corrosion product’s thicknesses allow enhancing the agreement between experimental and numerical results
Possompès, Thibaut. "Configuration par modèle de caractéristiques adapté au contexte pour les lignes de produits logiciels : application aux Smart Buildings." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20237/document.
Software product lines aim at reusing documents, source code, architectures, and, all artefact created during software development achieved in a given domain. Nowadays, we use ``feature models'' to facilitate the reuse of such elements. The approach consists in describing, in this feature model, artefacts and their usage constraints, and then to identify representative features for creating a new product. In some situations, a feature represents an artefact associated to a context element that must be handled by the product. Such a feature, and its related constraints, can be cloned for each occurrence of instances of this element in a given context. In this thesis, we are try to determine the impact of a product execution context on a future product features. We first explore different ways for representing feature models and a product context. Then, we propose a generic method to adapt a feature model to context elements. This thesis has been achieved in the context of the RIDER project (Research for IT Driven EneRgy efficiency). This project aims at reducing energy waste due to an inappropriate management of energy sources and needs. The heterogeneousness of building equipments and each building specificities require to adapt energy optimisation software. We propose to apply a software product line approach to this project. More precisely, we propose to apply to this project our feature model context adaptation methodology, in order to adapt energy optimisation software to each building specific context
Ismail, Brahim. "Contribution au développement et optimisation d’un système composite biosourcé-enduit de protection pour l’isolation thermique de bâtiment." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3112.
The research work presented in this thesis focuses on the formulation, characterization and modeling of the physical and mechanical properties of bio-composite materials based on plant aggregates (cereal straw) for thermal insulation and energy rehabilitation of buildings. The objectives of this thesis, part of the PEPITE project, are the optimization of the thermal, mechanical and hydric performances of the bio-based materials developed within the framework of previous work and the development of a protective coating for a technical solution of thermal rehabilitation. The optimization of the formulation is obtained by using additives and other biodegradable and renewable natural waste, in order to create a higher porosity and to further decrease the thermal conductivity of the materials. Based on the results of experimental characterization, three formulations were selected. These materials are highly heterogeneous media with a rather complex behaviour and for which its understanding and prediction call for numerical homogenization methods in the framework of this work. The effect of the real microstructure (morphology, orientation of heterogeneities) on the effective thermal properties and the non-linear mechanical behavior of these materials was also highlighted in this study. The comparison of numerical and experimental results confirmed the predictive capacity and the potential of the approach used to guide the formulation of materials based on thermal performance criteria. A detailed characterization of the hydric properties of the optimal formulations (water vapor permeability, sorption-desorption curves, MBV) was carried out in order to understand the relationship between the properties of these materials and the notion of hygro-thermal comfort of the building. Excellent hydric properties were obtained for the three bio-composites studied. In order to evaluate their long-term performance, the materials were exposed to accelerated ageing in the laboratory through humidification-drying and freeze-thaw tests. This environmental assessment revealed a significant reduction in mechanical properties after the cycles considered. Finally, a protective coating for bio-based materials was developed in this study with the aim of proposing a complete thermal renovation solution. The coating with optimised behaviour proposed here by combining an experimental and numerical approach was the subject of a physical and mechanical characterization in order to measure its impact on the performance of biocomposites. The characteristics obtained for the optimal formulations proposed meet perfectly the regulatory requirements relating for thermal insulation coatings
Brouard, Yoann. "Caractérisation et optimisation d'un composite biosource pour l'habitat." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4024.
The purpose of this study was to compare hygrothermal acoustical and mechanical properties ot different materials based on vegetal aggregates and clay in order to characterize the performances of different biocomposites to provide building insulation solutions with a view to valorizing agricultural waste. We first analyzed the raw materials in order to get the density, thermal and hydric properties of the vegetal aggregates in one hand and the mineralogy and gravimetric data of the selected crude earth in the other hand. Thermal behavior of earth:vegetal aggregates mixes have been investigated at different humidity rates and different density ranges. Additionally, hydric properties have been measured to produce sorption and desorption curves and moisture buffer values (MBV) in one hand and capillarity of both aggregates and biocomposites on the other hand. One of the main interests of this study is to confirm that a wide range of locally produced vegetal byproducts could be used as - bioaggregates for concretes. Local biomaterials industries could therefore emerge depending on the locally available resources at country scale
Khemakhem, Marwa. "Valorisation du grignon d’olives : Utilisation comme charge dans des mélanges à matrice polymère." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI002.
This study is a contribution to the valorization of Olive Solid Waste (OSW) which displays a Lignocellulosic nature. The proposed approach consists in using the OSW as a filler in commodity polymers namely the poly (ethylene/propylene) [CEP] of fossil origin and the poly (lactic acid), derived from renewable resources. The different formulations, CEP/GO and PLA/GO, processed in the molten state in a twin screw extruder were studied from the side of rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and morphology. Different copolymers of various structures were used in order to promote the adhesion in the interface of the components and/or to reduce the polymer matrix degradation and to improve the composite systems performances. Morphological observations corroborated perfectly the studied properties