Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produits bois'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Produits bois.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Fuentealba, Cecilia. "Approche biométrique pour l'identification automatique des produits bois." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0133_FUENTEALBA.pdf.
The concept of traceability has been introduced to our everyday life due to recurrent problems in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. However, other industrial areas subject to minimum safety restrictions are also involved in the technologies related to this concept. Thus, they are trying to meet the growing demand of clients in terms of quality, delays and personalization of products in an ever-competitive market through traceability. The environment of this work is related to wood industries for which the ecocertification and the improvement of the production process performances are two motivating factors for the start up of traceability. In fact the characteristics of products and industry processes make difficult the synchronization of product flow with information flow and, consequently, the access to information for all actors of the transformation chain. The problem can be summarized in two points : (1) The lack of means of automatic identification, for an individual follow up of products. Commonly used systems like bar codes and electronic labeling show limitations in certain parts of the life cycle. (2) The lack of an information system able to offer in-line information necessary for decision making and able to ensure afterwards the usefulness associated to traceability. Then this work deals with these two complementary problems. First, the start up of a non-destructive control sensor is proposed for setting a biometrical identification of products. The sensor, based on microwave technology, allows the acquisition of representative signals of the inner structure of wood. These signals are treated and then delivered to an algorithm of pattern recognition. A proposition for an information system model is shown for answering the second problem. Such model focused on the product takes into consideration all transformations that may be performed during the fabrication process. Moreover, the modelling makes evident the different automatic identification systems that are possible to use through all the life cycle of the product
Fuentealba, Cecilia Charpentier Patrick. "Approche biométrique pour l'identification automatique des produits bois." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0133_FUENTEALBA.pdf.
Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry Gérardin Philippe Gérardin Christine. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0084_KOUMBI-MOUNANGA.pdf.
Allery, Jean-Pascal. "Les pesticides employés pour le traitement du bois : utilisation et risques toxiques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23017.
Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10084.
The presented work concerns the synthesis and characterization of amphipilic antioxidant compounds for the formulation of wood preservatives allowing the preparation of waterborne formulations to reduce rejections of VOCs answering to increasing environmental pressures. Based on preliminary studies showing synergistical effects between fungicides and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to design compounds possessing surfactant and antioxidant properties allowing the formulation in water of insoluble organic fungicides and to reduce the necessary quantity of biocide due to synergistical effects with antioxidant properties. Three families of amphiphilic compounds were synthesized. The first one corresponds to hindered phenol derivatives, the second to hindered amine and the third one to quats “with green label” derived from ascorbic acid. Surfactant and antioxidant properties of all new synthesized compounds have been characterized. The use of aqueous formulations of propiconazole prepared from these new surface active agents allows to increase beech wood durability exposed to the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Fungal growth inhibition tests realized on malt agar medium with various alkylammonium ascorbates presenting different alkyl chain’s lengths indicated an important growth inhibition of the mycelium for some of the tested products correlated at their amphiphilic properties
BRANCHERIAU, LOIC. "Caractérisation acoustique et ultrasonore des produits bois et composites." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782848.
Koumbi, Mounanga Thierry. "Tensioactifs antioxydants originaux pour la formulation de produits de préservation du bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10084/document.
The presented work concerns the synthesis and characterization of amphipilic antioxidant compounds for the formulation of wood preservatives allowing the preparation of waterborne formulations to reduce rejections of VOCs answering to increasing environmental pressures. Based on preliminary studies showing synergistical effects between fungicides and antioxidants, the aim of this study was to design compounds possessing surfactant and antioxidant properties allowing the formulation in water of insoluble organic fungicides and to reduce the necessary quantity of biocide due to synergistical effects with antioxidant properties. Three families of amphiphilic compounds were synthesized. The first one corresponds to hindered phenol derivatives, the second to hindered amine and the third one to quats “with green label” derived from ascorbic acid. Surfactant and antioxidant properties of all new synthesized compounds have been characterized. The use of aqueous formulations of propiconazole prepared from these new surface active agents allows to increase beech wood durability exposed to the white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor. Fungal growth inhibition tests realized on malt agar medium with various alkylammonium ascorbates presenting different alkyl chain’s lengths indicated an important growth inhibition of the mycelium for some of the tested products correlated at their amphiphilic properties
Lyon, Florent. "Amélioration de la durée de vie d'essences de bois peu durables à l'aide d'un traitement combiné borates/huiles végétales." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20105.
Soulounganga, Patrice. "Etude de nouveaux traitements de protection du bois à base de polyglycérols." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10032.
Wood is an heterogeneous material composed of tissue of vegetable origin. It is constituted of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. Anisotropic and hygroscopic, it is sensitive to biotic and abiotic attacks, and requires the use of chemical treatments to be stabilized and preserved. However, the toxicity of certain products currently used, associated to the environmental constraints on greenhouse gases, justifies the search for new alternatives for wood preservation. Thus, the work undertaken during this research concerns the use of polyglycerol derivatives as wood dimensional stabilizing agents. Former studies have showed that polyglycerols (PG), soluble in water, increase wood dimensional stability, but are easily leached. To solve this problem, several solutions were developed. The first solution consists in the use of fatty esters of PG with low solubility in water. The results obtained depend on the solvent chosen for impregnation. Treatments in the form of microemulsion lead to better results of dimensional stabilization compared to treatments in organic phase. Moreover the hydrophobic character conferred to wood limits the virulence of rot fungi. A second approach consists in the use of polyglycerol methacrylate, easily obtained from polyglycerol and glycidol methacrylate. Water-borne treatment of wood leads, after drying, to the formation of a polymer insoluble in water able to improve dimensional stability of wood but also its resistance to the basidiomycetes. A microscopic study has allowed the localisation of the product in the wood cells wall, explaining the good dimensional stability observed. Lastly, the third approach considered relates to the formation of a polymeric network in wood obtained from PG, glyoxal and boric acid. Such a combination allows to stabilize wood dimensionally , to limit the depletion of boron compared to boric acid used alone and protect wood against fungi
Semmak-Merlin, Latifa. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux produits de préservation du bois en série ammonium." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10434.
Cobut, Aline. "Écoconception des produits d'apparence en bois pour la construction non-résidentielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30421/30421.pdf.
The main goal of this research was to help positioning appearance wood products in non-residential construction by investing in environmental design. By adopting market dynamics and regulations towards environmentally preferable products, manufacturers of secondary forest products will become more competitive. More specifically, the objectives of this thesis is to acquire greater knowledge of environmental implications of appearance wood products by analyzing current environmental certifications and labeling; to use a life cycle approach to identify the environmental profile of the most specified appearance wood products in non-residential constructions with life cycle analysis; to reduce their environmental footprint through ecodesign; and finally to generalize resulting observations about doors to all other appearance wood products to improve their ecodesign. About twenty type I ecolabels applicable to appearance wood products have been identified. Those labels have then been classified into four groups. Scientific literature shows that a comprehensive approach, that is taking into account all product life cycle stages, and multi criteria approach, that is considering all environmental impact categories, are essential to evaluate the environmental friendliness of a product. The case study permitted to observe that raw materials used for door production, in particular the particleboard, were responsible for 60% of total environmental impacts of the door, followed by product end-of-life (landfilling) and shipping. Ecodesign scenarios were developed according to those contributive life cycle stages : raw materials, end-of-life and transportation. The generalization of the door LCA results and ecodesign propositions to the entire appearance wood product family showed that raw materials still had a high contribution to products total environmental impacts and that decisions should be accordling to the type of wood used during the manufacture (wood composite or solid wood and veneer).
Safou-Tchiama, Rodrigue. "Caractérisation physico-chimique stabilité supramoléculaire et réactivité chimique de quelques essences tropicales." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13095.
Havreljuk, Filip. "Évaluation visuelle des arbres feuillus sur pied et valeur des produits transformés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26104.
Temperate deciduous forests of southern Quebec are of great economic importance because they are the main supply source of the appearance wood products industries. However, the difficulty of linking the external characteristics of a tree to the internal quality of its wood creates supply-related uncertainties, since the quality of selected trees for harvest may not correspond to the real needs of these processing industries. The main objective of this study was to improve the supply forecasts of hardwood processing industries by linking the quality assessment of standing trees to their products assortment and their monetary value. One of the most important internal factors affecting the value of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) lumber is the presence of a reddish-brown colored area in the center of the stem called red heartwood. Samples from 12 locations throughout the temperate zone in southern Quebec showed that regional differences in the radial proportion of the colored area in both species were mainly due to factors related to tree development, such as age and radial growth around the colored area. Part of the variability in sugar maple was also associated with the annual minimum temperature of a sampling location. In addition, the study of 64 sugar maple and 32 yellow birch trees that were harvested, bucked into logs and processed into lumber showed that among all defect types that need to be considered for tree marking, visible evidence of fungal infections and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. The analysis of the lumber products assortment showed that the proportion of the best grades increased with the length and the diameter of the logs, so that it was higher at the bottom of the stem. Logs with a large red heartwood area produced more wood of lesser value. Overall, these results link the visual assessment of standing trees to the quality and value of processed products to allow better decision making in the hardwoods supply chain.
Sundaryono, Agus. "Synthèse et étude d'analogues de curcumine : complexation de métaux de transition : essais de photoprotection du bois." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12426.
Pignolet, Olivier. "Optimisation de la durabilité de bois d'oeuvre (classe d'emploi 4) à l'aide d'anhydrides alkényles succiniques d'origine végétale." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7207/1/pignolet.pdf.
Iaych, Kamal. "Développement de nouveaux produits de traitement du bois basés sur l'utilisation de polycarbonates cycliques dérivés du glycérol." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10032/document.
The studies conducted during this thesis focuses on the development of various wood treatments based on the use of cyclic carbonates derived from glycerol, renewable source of raw materials in order to develop new methods of chemical modification of wood materials. The work proceeded in two stages: the first part of this work was to directly use the glycerol carbonate to develop treatments in the aqueous phase followed, after impregnating the wood product, a polymerization reaction for fixing the last to avoid leaching. The results have proved difficult to apply because of the reaction conditions too harsh, inconsistent with the thermal stability of wood. The second part related to the formation of polyurethanes in the wood without resorting to the use of isocyanates using condensation reactions of amines on cyclic di or polycarbonates. Various ways have been explored for the development of cyclic di or polycarbonate involving either the use of glycerol carbonate in a suitable junction module, or the action of dimethyl carbonate of polyglycerol. The formation of polyurethanes has been studied in a homogeneous phase and then applied to the treatment of wood. The results indicate, for the treatments performed, an increase of dimensional stability and resistance to wood brown rot fungus Poria placenta
Lavoie, Vincent. "Séchage hydride conventionnel et par haute fréquence en continu du bois d'épinette noire destiné aux produits à valeur ajoutée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26579.
The production of value-added products such as engineered wood products is growing. The specifications on the final moisture content of these products are much more stringent than for lumber. The wood must be dried at lower final moisture content and also with a lower moisture tolerance. The traditional means to dry these products is to use the technique of equalizing at the end of the drying cycle. This technique, although very powerful, has the effect of extending significantly the total drying time and can be complex to implement industrially. The aim of the work was to explore the technical feasibility of a combined approach method (conventional and continuous high frequency) for drying black spruce lumber for the manufacture of engineered wood. Conventional drying approaches with and without equalizing, served as control. Drying time, distribution of final moisture content, proportion of pieces in a given moisture content tolerance (between 11 and 15%) and warpage were characterized. Two studies were carried out from two wood supplies at different initial moisture contents. The combined approach has allowed a considerable reduction in drying time and repeatability of results specific to the final moisture content without more warping than control approaches.
Chamberland, Vincent. "Conditions d’établissement d’un label de provenance pour les produits du bois du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30371/30371.pdf.
Quebec consumers show an increasing preference towards locally sourced products. Meanwhile, the wood products industry is facing strong competition from foreign manufacturers, especially in the appearance wood products sector. The objective of this research is to determine whether it would be appropriate to develop a label for promoting local wood products in Quebec from the perspective of manufacturers, retailers and consumers. Manufacturers and retailers are divided on their interest to join a local wood products label. Their interest varies depending on their specific business conditions. Consumers have expressed a strong preference for local wood products and this preference was more important for value-added products. Finally, a label promoting local wood products would be appropriate within Quebec.
Prieur, Anne. "Les ressources forestières : produits du bois, usages énergétiques, capture et stockage du carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12871.
Caceres, Cuadros Claudia. "Influence de la qualité du bois sur les dimensions des copeaux produits par une équarrisseuse-fragmenteuse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26567.
The main goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of wood quality on the dimensions of black spruce and jack pine chips produced with a chipper-canter for pulping purposes. Some aspects of the forest management of these species were studied, namely: the log provenance, the position of the log in the stem, and the commercial thinning, in order to evaluate wood quality and its response to fragmentation. Thus, the growth ring characteristics, the number and size of knots, the basic density, and various mechanical properties potentially involved in chip formation were assessed on the external parts of the log which were subjected to fragmentation. Firstly, black spruce logs coming from two sites separated by 300 km of latitudinal gradient (47°N, 50°N) were fragmented. For a given cutting width, a log coming from a slow growth rate site (50°N) with high ring density attributes and a corresponding high basic density and mechanical properties provided thinner chips. Secondly, the effect of the log position within the stem in the fragmentation process was evaluated for the same species. The increase of the size and number of knots up the stem was the main cause of producing thicker chips towards the top of the stem. However, the production of thicker chips at the bottom logs was attributed to their pronounced taper. Finally, the effects of the commercial thinning and the log position in the stem were evaluated on jack pine. Jack pine logs coming from thinned stands seem to produce chips of smaller dimensions compared to logs from a natural stand. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size used. Under the same cutting conditions, jack pine had a higher mean chip thickness compared to black spruce. Chip thickness variation with the log position in the stem was similar between the two species. Moreover, the increase in cutting width produced thicker chips in all cases. The size of knots appeared to be critical in chip dimension. In addition, the variation in wood density attributes, growth rings characteristics, and bending properties would appear to have a considerable role in the chip formation mechanism. Ultimately, chip dimensions could be adjusted to pulp mills standards if sawmills will have more control and knowledge of their wood raw material specific attributes.
Quirino, Waldir Ferreira. "Valorisation énergétique de déchets de bois par pyrolyse étagée." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10220.
Ziedi, Raja. "Stratégies d'approvisionnement dans un contexte d'enchères de bois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26819.
Belalia, Rachid. "Synthèse d'un biocide par modification chimique de chitosanePréservation du bois , préservation des aliments." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13142.
Kombo, Norbert. "Maîtrise de l'acheminement terrestre des produits primaires dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas de la filière bois du Congo." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1190.
The Congo is a wood-producing country but its exploitation of resource is not rational. The production system of these species of wood is characterised by an under-exploitation of the resources. Producers give greater importance to commercialization and neglect the forwarding of woods. The congolese people who are in charge of production and routing do not master these operations. Spatial contrains actually need to be taken into consideration for the well running of economic activities. You need to exploit the link which binds planification of wood-production together with the control of its conveying if you want wood-industry to be a good asset in the development of the gross domestic product. The mattering of wood-tranportation and the planification of production are indissociable. It allows to reduce transportation costs and it is an efficient factor which can also grow production. The improvement in the way production and transportation are adrieved is not enough to overcome the difficulties experienced in the branch, but it can avoid the perpetuation of economic weaknesies. The dependance and the weakness of economic structures originate from an ill circulation of products and people in the space
Dagenais, Christian. "Aboutage de l'érable à sucre pour la fabrication de produits de bois d'ingénierie structuraux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24607/24607.pdf.
Finger-jointed softwood lumber is often used in manufacturing of structural engineered wood products such as glued laminated (glulam) beams and prefabricated wood I-joists. In Québec, producers of engineered wood products utilize generally wood species of Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) group, which includes softwood species recognized in Canadian standards. As hardwood species, sugar maple is not listed in the product standards, although, presumably, it can offer an interesting alternative to softwoods from the view point of strength. Literature review shows that there are many studies on finger-jointing but there are few on finger jointing of hardwoods. Certain machining parameters have to be controlled in order to produce suitable gluing surfaces and to optimize the finger-jointing process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of machining parameters on the ultimate tensile strength parallel to grain (UTS) of finger-jointed sugar maple dimension lumber. Three different chip-loads and three cutting speeds were used as variables. Based on test results, the cutting speed appeared to influence the UTS the most. The best UTS (47.1 MPa) of finger-jointed sugar maple specimens were achieved with a chip-load of 0.60 mm and a cutting speed of 2726 m/min (rotation speed of 3250 RPM and feed speed of 11.7 m/min). Finally, results of the study show that finger-jointed sugar maple possesses a good potential for structural applications including fabrication of structural engineered wood products.
Hu, Jinbo. "Associations tanins-bore pour des produits de protection du bois à faible impact environnemental." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS248/document.
Due to its origins, wood remains biodegradable and needs to be protected against abiotic and biotic agents for a long service life. Tannin-boron associations can be considered as an innovative preservative formulation and environmentally-friendly treatment. These waterborne associations of tannins and boric acid increase the permanence of boron in the wood. Furthermore, boric acid is partly fixed to the network of autocondensed tannin in the wood and keeps sufficient mobility to maintain its biological action. These associations have been investigated for their outdoor applications, both above and in-ground, as well as for their ability for fire protection. An original formulation of tannin-hexamine and boric acid, has shown efficiency against biological attack and fire degradation. The natural and artificial weathering behaviour, and laboratory scale leaching, of such treated wood have been investigated, and followed by biological tests. The results showed that the weatherings led to different performances, always linked with the amount of remaining boron. An advanced tannin-boron formulation including ɛ-caprolactam to make the polymer network more flexible (and avoiding cracks as noticed for the original formulation) was studied for the chemical mechanisms, biological resistance above and in-ground, fire retardancy. The tannin polymer acquires a more elastic structure after adding ɛ-caprolactam, as seen with FT-IR analyses. The biological resistance of the treated wood provided a long lasting protection against degradation in outdoor exposures, and even in ground contact. However, fire retardant effect of this advanced tannin-boron preservative was negatively influenced with comparison to the original tannin-boron formulation, but still better than control. In order to improve the associations between boron and tannin for wood protection, the conception of wood polymer nanocomposite using tannin, boric acid and montmorillonite tentatively carried out. The analyses of FT-IR and XRD have investigated to identify nanoclay in Wood Tannin Nanocomposite (WTNC). Meanwhile, the trace of montmorillonite in wood cell is also captured by SEM. By comparison with control, compression strengths of WTNC samples increase; water absorption and gluing ability of WTNC depend on the wood species used (Scot Pine vs. Beech); dimensional stability of WTNC is slightly decreased, and wettability was significantly decreased. Fungal and termite resistance of WTNC are improved to different extends if Scots pine or beech samples are used. Fire performances of WTNC is affected differently depending on the wood species used and the parameters considered. This study also analyses the environmental impacts of producing tannin-boron (TB) preservative (the original formulation) and comparatively introduces the cradle-to-grave life cycle environmental impacts (LCA) of TB-treated timber as landscaping materials, compared with 2 industrial formulations and concrete.Even if all these tannin-boron association systems developed still need to be improved for some point of their chemistry, biological performances (coleoptera insects, field tests with termites, molds…), as well as for their eco-toxicological profile, they have shown to improve the biological and fire resistance of the wood
Numazawa, Sueo. "Contribution à l'étude de la pyrolyse lente sous pression du bois. Détermination des paramètres optima du procédé et caractéristiques des produits obtenus." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1286.
Tondi, Gianluca Pizzi Antonio Celzard Alain. "Développement de résines de polycondensation à base de tanins pour produits industriels écologiques et innovateurs Mousses rigides et produits de préservation bois /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2009_0047_TONDI.pdf.
Côté, Nelson. "Potentiel de récupération de composantes de fermes de toit dans les sciages flacheux produits en scierie : étude de cas." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25556.
Tondi, Gianluca. "Développement de résines de polycondensation à base de tanins pour produits industriels écologiques et innovateurs : Mousses rigides et produits de préservation bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10047/document.
Condensed tannins are natural products which can be used to replace phenol because they have similar features and similar chemical reactivity. Several project have been started to develop this class of tannins. The most important results have been obtained with tannin based rigid foams. These foams are produced by a condensation reaction between Mimosa tannin and furfuryl alcohol. Successively tannin foams have also undergone carbonisation. Chemical and physical properties of organic and carbonised foam have been studied. Good results have also been obtained for a tannin-bore wood preservative formulation. Tannin based rigid foams are low-density and high porosity materials. The cheap raw material and 95% of natural products combine with an extremely low thermal conductivity and make this foam suitable for several applications such as insulation material, floral foam, trap for metal and shock absorber. Once the foam has undergone carbonisation the properties are strongly modified. This material is constituted mainly of reorganised aromatic structures and furanic derivatives, some of which survive after the treatment. These foams can be useful for applications such as catalyst support, activated carbons, porous electrodes and thermal shield
Vardanyan, Vahe. "Revêtements UV-aqueux pour le bois renforcés par la Cellulose Nano-Cristalline." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25903.
This thesis is aimed to increase the performance of UV - waterborne coatings for wood, using the forest resources. For this purpose, we believe replacing nanoparticles studied previously by the cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a Canadian and Quebec product from the forest. There are several instances in the literature of nanocellulose-thermoplastic composites, but there are few studies on coatings reinforced by CNC. One of the key aspects in the technology of nanocomposites remains the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the matrix. To quantify the dispersion, efficient methods of characterization are needed. In this thesis two new characterization methods based on atomic force microscopy and back scattering of laser light (He-Ne 632.8 nm) are applied to characterize such nanocomposite coatings. A strong correlation between surface nano-roughness of coatings and angular distribution of backscattered laser light was found. The overall objective of the research is to develop nanoparticles reinforced UV-water-based coatings for wood applications, and to study the effect mainly on wear properties of the final composite coatings. CNC were mixed to the coating formulation in order to improve the mechanical properties of the coatings. The coating formulations were sprayed on sugar maple boards, which were then placed in an oven to evaporate the water to finally be UV-cured. CNC was modified by either alkyl quaternary ammonium bromides or acryloyl chloride. The mechanical properties (abrasion and scratch resistances, hardness and adhesion) were analyzed and compared to the reference varnish without nanoparticles. The modified CNC addition in UV-water-based coatings results in a ca 30 - 40% increase in wear resistance (abrasion and scratch), without any loss of appearance. These coatings on wood substrate, with and without added CNC, were submitted to accelerated weathering during 1200 h. The results show that the addition of CNC to coatings not only increases mechanical properties but also increases color stability of coated wood.
Haloui, Abdallah. "Libération dans l'eau des produits chimiques utilisés pour la préservation du bois : modélisation et expérimentation." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4017.
Mourant, Daniel. "Développement d'une matrice résinique à base d'huile pyrolytique pour la protection du bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24828/24828.pdf.
Vlad-Cristea, Mirela Simona. "Revêtements nanocomposites anti-UV pour le bois à usage extérieur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28367/28367.pdf.
The forest products designated to architectural or exterior decorative applications are often disadvantaged by their limited durability and appearance preservation. High performance exterior wood coatings demand, green technologies and the VOCs environmental legislations push industry to develop waterborne formulations that pose equivalent or superior performance as the solventborne ones. Consequently, the main objective of this project is to improve the exterior wood durability by using waterborne nanocomposite coatings that contain nanosized inorganic UV absorbers. Surface modified ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles against photocatalytic choose to disperse under powder and water-based dispersions into a commercial waterborne acrylic stain formulation for deck from Sico Ltd. Montreal – Akzo Nobel, Canada. The durability of nanocomposite coatings supported by black spruce wood was studied by artificial aging. Nanocomposites coatings degradation was followed by appearance (gloss and color measurements), thickness, glass transition temperature (Tg) and mechanical properties (adhesion, abrasion, hardness and elastic modulus) changes. Photo-oxidation products growth on the degraded surface of aged wood coatings was monitorized by Fourier Transform - Infrared Spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was used to visualise the aged coatings degraded surface in order to establish their mechanism of degradation under artificial exposure. The nanoparticles dispersion quality in the dry nanocomposites films and also films adherence on the wood substrate were verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and water vapour permeability were employed for a better characterization of the new nanocomposite coatings. In conclusion, an efficient UV protection is directly connected with an homogeneous dispersion of the nanoparticles in nanocomposite coating. Dispersant compatibility that was used to predisperse the nanoparticles and modification type of nanoparticles are crucial in preventing nanoparticles agglomeration in the dry coating. Finally, a series of high performance nanocomposites coatings was selected. The obtained results confirm the advantage of using inorganic nanosized UV absorbers in exterior coatings and consequently various possibilities of nanotechnologies applications are open into reformulating waterborne coating for wood.
Aloui, Foued. "Rôle des absorbeurs UV inorganiques sur la photostabilisation des systèmes bois-finition transparente." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080730.
Face à un matériau naturel, hétérogène et dynamique tel que le bois, les résultats d'évaluation des performances de photostabilisation sont assez variables non seulement en fonction de l'essence de bois et du type de résine utilisés mais aussi suivant le type de vieillissement. Parallèlement aux tests de vieillissement, l'effet des différents anti-UV sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des films de finition a été étudié en mettant en oeuvre des techniques d'analyse telle que la spectroscopie UV-visible, TMA, RPE et des essais mécaniques. Il apparaît que le pouvoir photoprotecteur joue un rôle important dans les performances de photostabilisation. D'autre part, contrairement aux absorbeurs UV organiques, les inorganiques font augmenter la Tg facilitant ainsi l'apparition des craquelures du film de finition.
Ast, Johann. "Etude de l'évolution des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des plaquettes forestières en fonction des modalités de stockage et de séchage." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10118/document.
To answer actual and future energetic and environmental issues, wood development is very important, notably with industrial and collective applications. To answer these needs and follow this development, lots of supplying structures of wood chips are being created. The main difficulty for these companies is guaranty good and stable raw material quality all time, notably concerning moisture content. The objective of this work is to research the most appropriate solutions to answer this problematic. So, the work begins by a bibliographical study that will help to understand the existing systems of drying; drying can be natural (under layer, under shelter …) or artificial (tunnel dryer, rotary dryer …). Then, experiments were put in place to understand and quantify more precisely natural drying parameters impact on wood chips and physico-chemical modifications on wood chips during storage. After, mathematic models are developed to traduce wood chip drying comportment, after models results are compared to experimental results. Finally, economical scenarios were performed to study the different solutions or combinations of solutions to dry wood chips in order to answer technical and economical industrial needs
Roy, Sébastien. "Évaluation et stimulation du potentiel biodégradateur de la microflore du sol dans les cours de stockage de bois traité au pentachlorophénol." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Sahmim, Wissem. "Modification chimique des extractibles de bois : application à la protection du bois et des matériaux métalliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0300.
Within the framework of this thesis, we are interested in the design, synthesis and characterization of the physicochemical properties of lipophilic derivatives of wood extractives. We have thus considered modifying the structure of three flavonoids whose resource is important from different wood species: catechin, mesquitol and naringenin to incorporate additional functionalities. The applications reported here mainly deal with the protection of materials like wood and corrodible metals. With respect to wood preservation, it seems possible to consider different strategies to inhibit the wood degradation related to fungi on wood. Impregnation of antioxidant compounds such as lipophilic polyphenols on wood can limit the effects of radicals or other oxidants used and generated by rots. The second intended application is the protection of metallic materials. Indeed, the use of natural antioxidants as a corrosion inhibitor replace inorganic inhibitors or organic molecules (polyamines, imidazole...), because their production is expensive and toxic. The grafting of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain on polyphenols which have antioxidant properties allows the formation of protective films on the material
Gardan, Julien. "Application à l'usage d'un dérivé du bois en prototypage rapide pour l'émergence de produits "grand public"." Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0002.
Wood has several advantages that are transferable to various derivatives allowing the introduction of a sustainable material into the product lifecycle. The research study associates the specific needs of the “general public” in the rapid manufacture of wooden-made custom products. Part 1 defines the user and their perceptions of a product. We also guided the literature searches to eco-design in order to reach environmental issues. Part 2 presents design approaches for manufacturing. We have seen the various processes existing in rapid prototyping. In part 3, we proposed complementary dual design and manufacturing approaches. On the one hand that concerns the translation of users’ needs through an Internet tool CRE-AFAB, and on the other hand that proposes the manufacture of a wood reconstituted object by rapid prototyping. Part 4 presents the CREAFAB tool and the different steps to translation customers’ needs. In part 5, we present the applications of rapid prototyping in integrating a wood derivative. The research results then lead to new applications of additive manufacturing. The research study is proposed by ARDUINNOVA Company (France) and is associated with the ICD-LASMIS team of University of Technology of Troyes to frame scientific research presented in this thesis in the executive of a CIFRE scholarship
Noël, Marion. "Elaboration d'un matériau composite innovant à base de bois et de bio-polymère d'acide lactique." Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0061_NOEL.pdf.
Composites from petroleum based polymers and synthetical or mineral fibers can be advantageously replaced by biomaterials from biopolymers and vegetal fibrous reinforcements, allowing recycling and /or biodegradation at the end of their lifecycle. In this purpose, we prepared a wood / lactic acid biopolymer based bio composite. Wood vacuum / pressure impregnation by lactic acid oligomers containing chemical catalyst or not, was followed by a heating process in a drying kiln. The aim of this study was to induce oligomers polymerization into the wood cells, and a potential grafting on the free hydroxyls wood groups, in order to improve wood properties. We showed an effective in-situ polymerization, and a strong interaction between wood and biopolymers chains, however not grafted. The biopolymer impact on the lignocellulosic structure is shown by a significant softening of wood, occurring at an intermediate level of the heating process, probably due to a reaction between lactic acid oligomers and the lignin mainly contained into the middle lamella. The material darkening suggests a probable reaction between chemical catalysts and cellulose. Once the heating process has been completed, the composite gets stiff. The treatment imparts an excellent dimensional stability to the wood composite : an anti swelling efficiency approaching 70%. A good antifungal resistance is also noticed. As for mechanical properties, bending and compression resistances are slightly influenced, while hardness is significantly improved, and shearing resistance altered, due to the middle lamella degradation. Therefore, high density and hardness, plus a good material stability could be valorized by industrial uses such as flooring. In the intermediate state, moulding applications are also conceivable
Noël, Marion Masson Daniel. "Elaboration d'un matériau composite innovant à base de bois et de bio-polymère d'acide lactique." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2007_0061_NOEL.pdf.
Navarrete, Fuentes Paola Jeannette. "Adhésifs naturels à base de tannin, tannin/lignine et lignine/gluten pour la fabrication de panneaux de bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10089/document.
This study deals with some researches carried out about the use of various natural materials as a source of raw material for the manufacturing of green adhesives for the industry of panel. In this context, work consisted in:(i) Evaluation of the potential of various tannins coming from barks wastes and development of adhesives containing tannins and various hardeners.(ii) Evaluation of the lignin potential from various origins and development of adhesives containing tannin from mimosa and lignin.(iii) Development of adhesives containing tannin and gluten protein.(iv) Evaluation of formaldehyde and other volatile organic compounds (VOC) from particleboards manufactures with the natural adhesives previously developed.Thermomechanical analyses, spectroscopy CP-MAS 13C NRM, matrix- assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscometry (MALDI-TOF) and gelling time techniques were performed for evaluation and characterization of these adhesives. Internal bond test for the evaluation of adhesives mechanical resistance according to the standard EN-312 were also carried out.Concerning formaldehyde and other VOC emissions from panels with green adhesives, the recourse to standardized techniques which are gas chromatography associated with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were privileged
Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Chebil, Sami. "Étude des liants bitumineux modifiés par le noir de carbone et le charbon de bois pyrolytiques, sous-produits de la décomposition thermique sous vide des pneus et du bois hors d'usage." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Karuranga, Egide G. "Three essays on wood roof truss technology acceptance in China." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24875/24875.pdf.
"Cette thèse a été rédigée par insertion de trois articles dont [Egide G. Karuranga] est le premier auteur"--P. ix. Bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.
Foeh, John E. H. J. "L' Asie du Sud-Est dans les échanges internationaux de bois tropicaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL025N.
Frenette, Caroline. "Analyse multicritère de compositions de mur à ossature légère en bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26642/26642.pdf.
Essoua, Essoua Gatien Géraud. "Développement d'une stratégie de modification du bois afin de limiter les variations dimensionnelles du produit lambris dans un contexte éco-responsable." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27111.
The work presented in this thesis is divided in two research tracks. The first axis regards the wood treatment. The aim of that work, was to reduce dimensional variation and to improve the resistance to fungal decay. The work of the second track presents the environmental impact of the citric acid-glycerol treatment. The purpose was to demonstrate that, enhancement of the service life expectancy of the siding product compensates the environmental impacts of this treatment. In the first axis, two treatments were considered, one with maleic anhydride and the second with citric acid and glycerol mixture. For the first treatment, the effects of two parameters, drying time and esterification temperature were analysed and different performance tests were performed. These tests were: dimensional stability, decay and accelerate aging. Three drying times (12 h, 18 h and 24 h) and three levels of esterification temperature (140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C) were examined. For the second treatment, after identification, during the preliminary test, of the best catalyst, hydrochloric acid (HCl), the best ratio treatment was identified (3/1). Dimensional stability, decay, hardness and pull-off tests were performed. For a better understanding of the obtained results, qualitative analyses were performed. These were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis. Weight loss analysis was also performed as a quantitative analysis. In the second axis, the environment impact of citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment was evaluated by SimaPro software v8. Ecoinvent data base and Impact2002+ impact method were also used in this part of the study. Based on the results of the second treatment (citric acid and glycerol mixture) and the literature research, service life expectancy of siding wood treated was estimated. Different scenarios defined on the basis of the service life expectancy estimated. For this aim, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used as design tool. The drying time and esterification temperature parameters affect the results obtained in the case of the first treatment. Better results in terms of dimensional stability and accelerated aging, were obtained for the samples dried for 24 h and esterified at 180 °C. The citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment improves wood dimensional stability. Decay and hardness were improved compared to untreated samples. For the pull-off test, the treatment was found to reduce coating adhesion on the wood surface. The environmental impacts of the treatment process were mainly linked to the energy consumption (electricity). Citric acid and glycerol mixture treatment improves the service life expectancy of siding and the scenario of life service that presents treated lodgepole pine wood siding as more ecofriendly than the untreated one corresponds to 55 years.
Duret, Xavier. "Liquéfaction d'écorces en vue de leur valorisation pour le développemnt de nouveaux produits de traitement du bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0032/document.
This work focuses on the use of liquefaction products of spruce bark in phenol for the wood preservation. The liquefaction products allow the synthesis of phenolic thermosetting resins. The formulated resins were impregnated into the wood followed by in situ polymerization. A pretreatment was developed in order to increase the phenolic compounds in the spruce bark. This step is an acid hydrolysis of polysaccharides. This pretreatment allowed obtaining a Klason lignin content of 60 %, and a cellulose content of 28 %. A liquefaction process was developed in a mixture of solvent composed of phenol, ethanol, and water. The optimized experimental conditions allowed obtaining a liquefaction yield superior to 85 %, with liqui?ed bark/phenol ratio superior to 50 %. The lique?ed products had the advantage to polymerize without formaldehyde. The resins enhanced the wood durability especially for the phenol/formaldehyde resins. The leaching was low. The wood impregnation allowed a wood swelling, thereby the impregnated wood had a better dimensional stability
Ndong, Engone Jean Gérard. "Développement de matériaux cimentaires à base de sous-produits bois : mise en forme par extrusion et vibrocompactage." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0211/document.
In France, the waste wood deposit product in companies of first and second transformation is estimated at about twelve million tons per year. 60\% of this waste comes mainly from mills in the form of sawdust and wood chips. There are many methods of recovery of such waste, which in turn causes environmental problems through the use of products harmful to the environment. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. A new challenge is to find ways and means to sustainable and consistent recovery of such waste. The recovery of such waste in construction materials could be a sustainable solution. In this context, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais Council initiated a project for the recovery of such wastes by developing new building materials from wood byproducts. This thesis has been intended to develop biocomposites based on cement paste and sawdust resulting from Poplar species. These biocomposites are designed for be used as part-bearing masonry and are subject to mechanical strength criteria set by the French standard. The study of the influence of sawdust on the mechanical, rheological and physico-chemical of a mortar was performed by replacing the sand by sawdust at rates ranging from 10 to 100 \%. The results obtained showed a loss of mechanical strength with increasing volume of wood in the mixture generated by chemical phenomena. However the compressive strength obtained for significant substitution rate (50 to 60\%) were in accordance with the French standard. These results led to the optimization of a wood mortar formulation met can be extruded using a ram extruder. In order to apply the development of these biocomposites in an industrial scale, the sawdust was introduced into a formulation of micro-concrete used in the production of industrial concrete blocks manufactured by vibro-compaction. The results showed that up to 50\% of substitution of sand by the sawdust, the mechanical properties were compliant. The thermal characterization of the blocks showed an interesting insulation capacity