Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Produit de lixiviation – Composition chimique'
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Moustafa, Ahmad. "Caractérisation chimique (minérale et organique) des lixiviats issus de la décharge des déchets à Tripoli-Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR008.
Full textThe global production of waste is increasing rapidly, posing a source of threat to living beings, human health and the environment. Most of the waste produced is disposed of in poorly controlled landfills, especially in third world countries such as Lebanon. The waste is subjected to degradation processes resulting in the release of many toxic substances mainly leachate which is loaded with pollutants constituting a major source of environmental pollution. In Lebanon, waste is disposed of in uncontrolled landfills without any prior sorting. The Tripoli landfill is one of the most dangerous landfills in Lebanon due to the disposal of leachate in the aquatic environment without any treatment.Our research work aims to study the physico-chemical characteristics; the temporal and seasonal variation in the quality of the leachate from the Tripoli landfill in northern Lebanon, and the estimation of the probable risk of leachate in the study area. In order to meet these objectives, several sampling campaigns were carried out covering the summer and winter periods, as well as the old and new cells of the body of the landfill. The variation of the 100 leachate quality parameters, namely dissolved organic components; inorganic macro-components; metallic trace elements; and xenobiotic organic compounds were monitored according to standard methods of wastewater analysis using specific laboratory equipment. Analyzes of the leachate quality showed a large variation between the two-landfill units. The content of the majority of pollutants (organic and mineral) detected in the new landfill unit is much higher than that found in the old unit. This indicates the heterogeneous state of the landfill body and the influence of age on the quality of the leachate. The quantity and quality of the leachate is strongly correlated with climatic conditions and it depends on the pollutant studied, reflecting the complexity of the seasonal effect on the quality of the leachate from the Tripoli landfill. High values of LPI (Leachate Pollution Index) and leachate pH were found which show the age of the Tripoli landfill. High values of LPI and the annual flow of pollutants (organic and mineral) were found, which shows the high toxicity of the leachate as well as the occasional pollution of the different behaviors of the neighboring aquatic environment (Abou Ali River and Mediterranean Sea).The results obtained in this study give a clear picture of the leachate quality of the Tripoli landfill; which will be used to set corrective and preventive actions for the hazardous situation of the landfill, and to attract the attention of local and national managers to limit the danger and move towards a good management of leachate rejected by the establishment of a specific treatment system of leachate
LE, BRAS PHILIPPE. "Les moyens du medecin du travail pour la determination de la composition des produits toxiques dans le monde du travail." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT099M.
Full textMartin-Dupont, Fabienne. "Valorisation chimique d'un co-produit de la filière bois : Approche théorique des capacités fixatrices en métaux lourds par les écorces forestières." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1475.
Full textSomot, Stéphanie. "Radium, uranium et métaux dans les résidus de traitement dynamique, acide et alcalin, de minerais d'uranium." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10286.
Full textBoutakiout, Amale. "Etude physico-chimique, biochimique et stabilité d’un nouveau produit : jus de cladode du figuier de Barbarie marocain (Opuntia ficus-indica et Opuntia megacantha)." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0004/document.
Full textThe orientations of the Moroccan agricultural policy concerning the Green Morocco Plan, promote the development of the arid zones and the development of crops that adapt to global warming. The prickly pear cactus is a plant which is adapted to the arid climate and still untapped in Morocco. Prickly pear cladodes contain bioactive components that have beneficial health effects. The juice extracted from cladodes of both species Opuntia ficus-indica(spineless) and Opuntia megacantha(spiny) was the subject ofthis work. The cladodes were harvested in the region of Marrakech (Ouled Dlim) in Morocco for three seasons (spring, summer and winter) between 2013 and 2014 to assess the effect of harvest time on the physico-chemical and biochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The yield of cladode juice varies within the seasons and species (63,39 –20,83 %). The physico-chemical and biochemical analyzes showed that cladode juice is rich in polyphenols (543 ± 1–456 ± 8mg GAE/mL), in ascorbic acid (17,60 ± 1,87 –22,88 ± 0,62 mg/100 mL) and in potassium (409,35 –44,23 mg/100mL) but poor in sugar (0,66 ± 0,01–1,45 ± 0,03 g/100 mL). HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds has shown that cladode juice is rich in flavonols namely isoquercetin and hyperoside (645,90 mg/mL and 164,50 mg/mL respectively). The antioxidant activity of cladode juice was measured with FRAP test (1,74 ± 0,07 –3,33 ± 0,02 μmol TE/mL) and the antiradical activity was carried out with the DPPH test (1,78 ± 0,03 –4,10 ± 0,02 μmol TE/mL ) and the ABTS test (12,78 ± 1,69 –23,10 ± 0,17 μmol TE/mL ). The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant relationship (p<0,05) between the methods of analysis, species and seasons.Quantitative analysis of cladode juice harvested in March HPLC-DAD showed the presence of a significant quantity of flavonoids essentially isoquercetin and hyperoside. Results of these analyzes showed that cladode juice is rich in nutriments and has an antioxidant activity potential. The juice can be stored for 42 days at 4°C, after pasteurization at 95°Cfor 3 min in a water bath and lowering the pH to 3,5 with citric acid. Cladode juice can be used as nectar, iced tea or soft drink and with a valorization of its coproducts (jam, soup, powder etc.)
Sinakevitch, Pean Irina. "Détermination de la nature chimique du produit synthétisé et libéré par les dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones et étude du rôle physiologique de ces cellules neurosécrétrices du 6ème ganglion abdominal de la blatte periplaneta americana L." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0010.
Full textRivière, Michel. "Etude structurale et sérologique d'un nouveau glycolipide phénolique produit par Mycobacterium Kansasii." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30128.
Full textSterpenich, Jérôme. "Altération des vitraux médiévaux : contribution à l'étude du comportement à long terme des verres de confinement." Nancy 1, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1998_0211_STERPENICH.pdf.
Full textZhang, Yan. "Modélisation du comportement élastoplastique d'une pâte cimentaire soumise à la dégradation chimique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10005/document.
Full textThesis presents elastoplastic modelling of cement-based materials coupledwith chemical degradation and mechanical damage. The emphasis is put on cementpaste subjected to compressive stresses. A short literature review is first presented on the mineralogical composition, chemical degradation mechanisms, basic mechanical behaviour and chemical-mechanical coupling. Based on this analyses and a series of experimental data obtained from uncoupled and coupled tests, an elastoplastic constitutive model coupled with chemical damage is first formulated. Two plastic mechanisms are taken into account; respectivelyrelated to deviatoric shearing and pore collapse. The chemical damage is identified as relative variation of porosity. Elastic and plastic properties are affected by chemical damage. Numerical simulations are compared with experimental data and good agreements have been obtained. The evolution of the chemical damage has been described by the generalized diffusion equation which is based on the mass balance equation and a phenomenological chemistry model. We have used finite element method to solve the generalized diffusion equation. Coupled chemical-mechanical tests have been simulated by the proposed model and we have also obtained satisfactory concordance. An extension of the model is finally proposed by including mechanical damage due to microcracks in order to describe brittle responses of material under tensile stresses and low confining pressures. An example of application to structural analysis with chemical degradation is presented. It has been shown that the proposed model describes correctly the main features of the mechanical behaviours of cement-based materials at different stress conditions with chemical degradation
Fournié, Jean-Jacques. "Etude structurale et serologique du mycoside a produit par mycobacterium kansasii." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30191.
Full textLowys, Marie-Pierre. "Comportement physico-chimique de suspensions de fibres cellulosiques : rôle des additifs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10195.
Full textMonroy, Fernandez Marcos Gustavo. "Biolixiviation-cyanuration de minerais sulfurés aurifères dans des dispositifs de percolation : comportement des populations de Thiobacillus ferrooxidans et influence de la minéralogie et des conditions opératoires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_MONROY_FERNANDEZ_M_G.pdf.
Full textDejoie, Stéphane. "Etude phytochimique et activité biologique du produit Gencix® extrait des feuilles de papayer." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0080.
Full textGencix® (SAS Esprit d’Ethique) is used for the maintenance and care of gums and teeth. Clinical observations reported from dentists showed that this product-integrating anaqueous Carica papaya leaf extract- showed teeth cleaning and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to understand the mechanism of action and the role of the metabolites of the plant extract, a bioguided fractionation and a dereplicative study associating LC-UV-MSn and 13C NMR were conducted. Clinical activity does not appear to be related to an antibiofilm effect. The anti-inflammatory (anti-TNF-alpha) activity is most probably associated with glycosylated flavonoids. We have been able to identify some of the active ingredients such as quercetin and kaempferol which are already known to inhibit the release of TNF-α. Other free or conjugated flavonols such as rutin, identified in the active fractions, may also contribute to the overall anti-inflammatory activity. Most notably, esters of malic and hydroxycinnamic acids were described for the first time as scaling inhibitors, particularly caffeoyl malate. This compounds probably acts in synergy with other analog compounds. The various hydroxyl and carboxylic groups present in these compounds are probably responsible for this activity by complexing Ca2+ ions. Beyond these results, these metabolites, which are newly identified as anti-scalant, appear as "green" (i. e. non-toxic, non-bioaccumulative and biodegradable) as well as environmentally friendly. Therefore, this outstanding scaling inhibition property was subjected to patent application
Codina, Maud. "Les bétons bas pH - Formulation, caractérisation et étude à long terme." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199021.
Full textPlusieurs liants incorporant du ciment Portland, de la fumée de silice, des cendres volantes et / ou du laitier sont comparés. Tous ces systèmes sont caractérisés par des teneurs en ajouts très importantes, la fraction de clinker n'étant comprise qu'entre 20 et 60 %.
Après un an d'hydratation, la solution interstitielle des pâtes de liants bas pH présente des pH compris entre 11,7 et 12,2 selon la formulation, réduit de plus d'une unité par rapport aux témoins à base de CEM I ou CEM V. Cette chute de pH (comparé à celui d'un CEM I (13,5)) est concomitante i) d'une forte réduction de la concentration en alcalins dans la solution porale, ii) de la disparition ou de la diminution de la teneur en portlandite dans les matériaux, iii) et de l'enrichissement en silice des C-S-H.
Ces liants ont été utilisés avec succès pour mettre au point des bétons bas pH haute performance (pH de la solution interstitielle compris entre 10,7 et 11,6 selon les liants) avec les outils classiques du génie civil.
Enfin, des études de lixiviation en eau désionisée montrent que les pâtes de liants bas pH se décalcifient environ 4 fois moins vite que celle à base de ciment Portland. Les évolutions minéralogiques et les flux lixiviés par l'eau pure (pH 7) à 25 °C ont pu être modélisés à l'aide du code HYTEC en associant deux modules de réactivité chimique et de transport par diffusion.
Mir, Hayatte-Dounia. "Influence de l'indole produit par le microbiote intestinal sur les comportements émotionnels chez la souris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA041/document.
Full textDepression is the most spread neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide. It is a socio-economical burden and efficacy of the treatments is very limited. Mechanisms underlying this disorder are mainly unknown. However, a growing number of data has highlighted the potential role of gut microbiota dysbioses in the pathophysiology of depression. Particularly, an unbalance in the diversity and abundance of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota might be implicated. Indole is a tryptophan derivative produced by the gut microbiota. It is known to influence (i) the bacterial physiology and quorum sensing within the gut microbial ecosystem, (ii) the intestinal cells functioning, and (iii) some of its derivatives are known to affect the brain. The aim of this work is to investigate how an overproduction of indole by the gut microbiota can modulate the brain and behaviour in the context of depression and its main co-morbidity, anxiety. This thesis work contains 3 sections.In the first one, we investigated whether an intestinal microbiota dysbiosis leading to an overproduction of indole could confer vulnerability toward anxiety and depression. We also looked for potentially associated biochemical and molecular changes. A behavioural study in gnotobiotic mice overproducing or non producing indole showed the overproduction of indole exacerbated the anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviours induced by a chronic mild stress. Gene expression analysis in the adrenal glands showed chronically stressed mice overproducing indole up-regulated the expression of one gene implicated in adrenaline synthesis. Brain neurotransmitters quantification and gene expression in the brain and intestinal mucosa were also carried out. The second part of the thesis work focused on the brain neurocircuitry of indole. Conventional mice were force-fed with indole and the c-Fos protein was labelled by immunohistochemistry in all brain areas from brainstem to prefrontal cortex. In the third and last part, we modulated dietary tryptophan availability in the gastro-intestinal tract of mice, to study how this modulation could affect the composition and the indole production ability of the gut microbiota. The mice fecal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal tryptophan and indole concentrations were measured by HPLC.In summary, this work improves the understanding of the role of indole in the behavioural and neuro-endocrine responses to stress. This study also initiated the deciphering of brain circuits activated by indole. Finally, it brings some evidence about how modulating food digestibility can impact the gut microbiota composition and its indole production capacity
Demon, Michel. "Influence des facteurs climatiques et des constituants du sol sur la dynamique de l'atrazine." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL092N.
Full textN'Dzondzi-Bokouango, Gabriel. "Étude de l'influence de la germination sur la composition physicochimique et la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de féverole." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10304.
Full textLe, Calvar Marc. "Contribution de la spectrométrie photoélectronique (X. P. S. ) et de spectroscopies optiques (50000-400 cm(-1)) à l'étude de l'oxydation du nickel, du chrome et d'un alliage nickel-chrome." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES012.
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