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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Products of groups

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Academic literature on the topic 'Products of groups'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Products of groups"

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Frič, Roman. "Products of coarse convergence groups." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 38, no. 2 (1988): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1988.102224.

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S. Alexander, S. Alexander, and Dr R. Selvaraj Dr.R.Selvaraj. "Marketing of Self Help Groups Products." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2014/29.

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Adian, S. I., and V. S. Atabekyan. "Periodic products of groups." Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Analysis (Armenian Academy of Sciences) 52, no. 3 (May 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068362317030013.

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Jones, Julie C. "Products of protopological groups." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 28, no. 7 (2001): 433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s016117120100727x.

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Montgomery and Zippin saied that a group is approximated by Lie groups if every neighborhood of the identity contains an invariant subgroupHsuch thatG/His topologically isomorphic to a Lie group. Bagley, Wu, and Yang gave a similar definition, which they called a pro-Lie group. Covington extended this concept to a protopological group. Covington showed that protopological groups possess many of the characteristics of topological groups. In particular, Covington showed that in a special case, the product of protopological groups is a protopological group. In this note, we give a characterization theorem for protopological groups and use it to generalize her result about products to the category of all protopological groups.

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Rychkov, S. V. "Verbal products of groups." Algebra and Logic 32, no. 2 (March 1993): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02260879.

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Remeslennikov, V. N., and N. S. Romanovskii. "Metabelian Products of Groups." Algebra and Logic 43, no. 3 (May 2004): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:allo.0000028932.26405.a9.

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Barry, Michael J. J., and Michael B. Ward. "Products of Sylow groups." Archiv der Mathematik 63, no. 4 (October 1994): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189562.

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Campagnolo, Caterina, and Holger Kammeyer. "Products of free groups in Lie groups." Journal of Algebra 579 (August 2021): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalgebra.2021.03.023.

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Walls, Gary L. "Products of simple groups and symmetric groups." Archiv der Mathematik 58, no. 4 (April 1992): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189917.

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Freslon, Amaury, and Adam Skalski. "Wreath products of finite groups by quantum groups." Journal of Noncommutative Geometry 12, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 29–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/jncg/270.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Products of groups"

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Pack, R. William. "Products of topological groups." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390512.

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Green, Elisabeth Ruth. "Graph products of groups." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/236/.

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In the 1970's Baudisch introduced the idea of the semifree group, that is, a group in which the only relators are commutators of generators. Baudisch was mainly concerned with subgroup problems, employing length arguments on the elements of these groups. More recently Droms and Servatius have continued the study of semifree, or graph groups, as they call them. They answer some of the questions left open by the work of Baudisch. It is possible to take the graph analogy a level higher and study graph products of groups, which not only generalise graph groups, but also free and direct products. In this thesis we seek to explore the properties of graph products of groups. After some preliminaries in chapter 1, chapter 2 quotes the main results from the work of Baudisch, Droms and Servatius on graph groups, and includes a few elementary results. In chapter 3 we show that many of the well known results about free products and direct products will generalise to graph products. We also extend some of the results on graph groups and give a counter example to a plausible conjecture. We develop a normal form for elements in graph products and, with the use of a generalised free product representation, show solvability of the word and conjugacy problems. In-chapter 4 we examine the concept of graphological indecomposability. Having disposed of an obvious conjecture by way of a counter example we present a number of isomorphism theorems. Chapter 5 is devoted to residual properties of graph products. Much work has been done by Stebe, Allenby and others on residual finiteness, conjugacy separability and potency of free groups and free products. We generalise some of these results. Finally, in chapter 6 we return to graph groups for a look at the Freiheitssatz. Various subclasses have been covered by Pride, Baumslag and Howie, and we seek to extend their results.

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Ward, David Charles. "Topics in finite groups : homology groups, pi-product graphs, wreath products and cuspidal characters." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/topics-in-finite-groups-homology-groups-piproduct-graphs-wreath-products-and-cuspidal-characters(7e90d219-fba7-4ff0-9071-c624acab7aaf).html.

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Wilson, James B. 1980. "Group decompositions, Jordan algebras, and algorithms for p-groups." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8302.

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viii, 125 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
Finite p -groups are studied using bilinear methods which lead to using nonassociative rings. There are three main results, two which apply only to p -groups and the third which applies to all groups. First, for finite p -groups P of class 2 and exponent p the following are invariants of fully refined central decompositions of P : the number of members in the decomposition, the multiset of orders of the members, and the multiset of orders of their centers. Unlike for direct product decompositions, Aut P is not always transitive on the set of fully refined central decompositions, and the number of orbits can in fact be any positive integer. The proofs use the standard semi-simple and radical structure of Jordan algebras. These algebras also produce useful criteria for a p -group to be centrally indecomposable. In the second result, an algorithm is given to find a fully refined central decomposition of a finite p -group of class 2. The number of algebraic operations used by the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the log of the size of the group. The algorithm uses a Las Vegas probabilistic algorithm to compute the structure of a finite ring and the Las Vegas MeatAxe is also used. However, when p is small, the probabilistic methods can be replaced by deterministic polynomial-time algorithms. The final result is a polynomial time algorithm which, given a group of permutations, matrices, or a polycyclic presentation; returns a Remak decomposition of the group: a fully refined direct decomposition. The method uses group varieties to reduce to the case of p -groups of class 2. Bilinear and ring theory methods are employed there to complete the process.
Adviser: William M. Kantor

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Griffin, James Thomas. "Automorphisms of free products of groups." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244265.

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The symmetric automorphism group of a free product is a group rich in algebraic structure and with strong links to geometric configuration spaces. In this thesis I describe in detail and for the first time the (co)homology of the symmetric automorphism groups. To this end I construct a classifying space for the Fouxe-Rabinovitch automorphism group, a large normal subgroup of the symmetric automorphism group. This classifying space is a moduli space of 'cactus products', each of which has the homotopy type of a wedge product of spaces. To study this space we build a combinatorial theory centred around 'diagonal complexes' which may be of independent interest. The diagonal complex associated to the cactus products consists of the set of forest posets, which in turn characterise the homology of the moduli spaces of cactus products. The machinery of diagonal complexes is then turned towards the symmetric automorphism groups of a graph product of groups. I also show that symmetric automorphisms may be determined by their categorical properties and that they are in particular characteristic of the free product functor. This goes some way to explain their occurence in a range of situations. The final chapter is devoted to a class of configuration spaces of Euclidean n-spheres embedded disjointly in (n+2)-space. When n = 1 this is the configuration space of unknotted, unlinked loops in 3-space, which has been well studied. We continue this work for higher n and find that the fundamental groups remain unchanged. We then consider the homology and the higher homotopy groups of the configuration spaces. Our last contribution is an epilogue which discusses the place of these groups in the wider field of mathematics. It is the functoriality which is important here and using this new-found emphasis we argue that there should exist a generalised version of the material from the final chapter which would apply to a far wider range of configuration spaces.

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Laurence, Michael Rupen. "Automorphisms of graph products of groups." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412581.

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Let r be a graph with vertex set V and for every v E V let Gv be a group with present ation (Sv I Rv). Let E ~ V X V be the set of pairs of adj acent vertices. Then we define the group G = Gr to be the group with presentation G = (SvVv E VI R; Vv E V, [Sv, SVI] = 1 iff (v,v') E E). In [2, LEMMA 3.3] it is shown that up to isomorphism G is independent of the choice of presentation of each group Gv. We call the group G a graph product of groups. Graph products include as special cases free products and direct products, corresponding to the graph G being dixcrete and complete respectively. If the vertex groups G; are infinite cyclic then G is called a graph group and we identify each vertex v with a fixed generator of the vertex group Gv• There is a normal form theorem for graph products which is a generalisation of the normal form theorem for free products and which was proved in [2]. In Part 1we give an alternative proof. We then move on to the study of automorphisms of graph products. In full generality this is an impossible task; however some progress can be made in certain special cases. We first consider the case where G is a graph group. Servatius in [1] gave a simple set of elements of Aut( G), which he calls elementary automorphisms, and proved that if certain conditions are imposed on the graph r then the elementary automorphisms generate Aut(G). In Part 2 we will prove that this holds for all finite graphs r. In Part 3 we study Aut( G) in the case where each vertex group Gv is cyclic of order p for some fixed prime p and we find a simple set of generators for Aut(G). In the case p = 2 we also obtain a presentation for Aut( G). In this case G is a right-angled Coxeter group

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Goda, Keith Martin. "Centralisers in graph products of groups." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432489.

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Smith, Jeremy Francis. "Topics in products of nilpotent groups." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340502.

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Sert, Cagri. "Joint Spectrum and Large Deviation Principles for Random Products of Matrices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS500/document.

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Après une introduction générale et la présentation d'un exemple explicite dans le chapitre 1, nous exposons certains outils et techniques généraux dans le chapitre 2.- dans le chapitre 3, nous démontrons l'existence d'un principe de grandes déviations (PGD) pour les composantes de Cartan le long des marches aléatoires sur les groupes linéaires semi -simples G. L'hypothèse principale porte sur le support S de la mesure de la probabilité en question et demande que S engendre un semi-groupe Zariski dense. - Dans le chapitre 4, nous introduisons un objet limite (une partie de la chambre de Weyl) que l'on associe à une partie bornée S de G et que nous appelons le spectre joint J(S) de S. Nous étudions ses propriétés et démontrons que J(S) est une partie convexe compacte d'intérieur non-vide dès que S engendre un semi -groupe Zariski dense. Nous relions le spectre joint avec la notion classique du rayon spectral joint et la fonction de taux du PGD pour les marches aléatoires. - Dans le chapitre 5, nous introduisons une fonction de comptage exponentiel pour un S fini dans G, nous étudions ses propriétés que nous relions avec J(S) et démontrons un théorème de croissance exponentielle dense. - Dans le chapitre 6, nous démontrons le PGD pour les composantes d'Iwasawa le long des marches aléatoires sur G. L'hypothèse principale demande l'absolue continuité de la mesure de probabilité par rapport à la mesure de Haar.- Dans le chapitre 7, nous développons des outils pour aborder une question de Breuillard sur la rigidité du rayon spectral d'une marche aléatoire sur le groupe libre. Nous y démontrons un résultat de rigidité géométrique
After giving a detailed introduction andthe presentation of an explicit example to illustrateour study in Chapter 1, we exhibit some general toolsand techniques in Chapter 2. Subsequently,- In Chapter 3, we prove the existence of a large deviationprinciple (LDP) with a convex rate function, forthe Cartan components of the random walks on linearsemisimple groups G. The main hypothesis is onthe support S of the probability measure in question,and asks S to generate a Zariski dense semigroup.- In Chapter 4, we introduce a limit object (a subsetof the Weyl chamber) that we associate to a boundedsubset S of G. We call this the joint spectrum J(S)of S. We study its properties and show that for asubset S generating a Zariski dense semigroup, J(S)is convex body, i.e. a convex compact subset of nonemptyinterior. We relate the joint spectrum withthe classical notion of joint spectral radius and therate function of LDP for random walks on G.- In Chapter 5, we introduce an exponential countingfunction for a nite S in G. We study its properties,relate it to joint spectrum of S and prove a denseexponential growth theorem.- In Chapter 6, we prove the existence of an LDPfor Iwasawa components of random walks on G. Thehypothesis asks for a condition of absolute continuityof the probability measure with respect to the Haarmeasure.- In Chapter 7, we develop some tools to tackle aquestion of Breuillard on the rigidity of spectral radiusof a random walk on a free group. We prove aweaker geometric rigidity result

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Nazzal, Lamies Joureus. "Homomorphic images of semi-direct products." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2770.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to describe methods of constructing computer-free proofs of existence of finite groups and give useful techniques to perform double coset enumeration of groups with symmetric presentations over their control groups.

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Books on the topic "Products of groups"

1

Amberg, Bernhard. Products of groups. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

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Ramon, Esteban-Romero, and Asaad Mohamed, eds. Products of finite groups. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.

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Asaad, Mohamed. Products of finite groups. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.

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Meldrum, J. D. P. Wreath products of groups and semigroups. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman, 1995.

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1942-, Arad Z., and Herzog M. 1935-, eds. Products of conjugacy classes in groups. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Arad, Zvi, and Marcel Herzog, eds. Products of Conjugacy Classes in Groups. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0072284.

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Smith, Jeremy Francis. Topics in products of nilpotent groups. [s.l.]: typescript, 1998.

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Crossed products with continuous trace. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1996.

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Rational representations of algebraic groups: Tensor products and filtrations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Kaluzhnin, Lev Arkadʹevich. Kranzprodukte. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Products of groups"

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Lockhart, Bob. "Products on Products on Groups." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 311–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_24.

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Tuset, Lars. "Tensor Products." In Analysis and Quantum Groups, 225–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07246-8_8.

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Bhattacharjee, Meenaxi, Rögnvaldur G. Möller, Dugald Macpherson, and Peter M. Neumann. "Wreath Products." In Notes on Infinite Permutation Groups, 67–76. Gurgaon: Hindustan Book Agency, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-93-80250-91-5_8.

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Lang, Serge. "Cup products." In Topics in Cohomology of Groups, 73–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0092628.

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Lang, Serge. "Augmented products." In Topics in Cohomology of Groups, 109–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0092629.

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Tuset, Lars. "Classical Crossed Products." In Analysis and Quantum Groups, 419–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07246-8_14.

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Rose, H. E. "Products and Abelian Groups." In Universitext, 139–63. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-889-6_7.

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Sambale, Benjamin. "Products of Metacyclic Groups." In Blocks of Finite Groups and Their Invariants, 95–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12006-5_9.

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Kechris, Alexander. "Semidirect products of groups." In Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, 223–25. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/surv/160/12.

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Williams, Dana. "Locally compact groups." In Crossed Products of 𝐶*-Algebras, 1–40. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/surv/134/01.

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Conference papers on the topic "Products of groups"

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Troxell, Paden M., and Charles Kim. "A Method for Classifying Products Designed for the Developing World." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60522.

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Researchers in the area of design for the developing world have synthesized knowledge from location-specific product case studies in the form of design guidance, which includes pitfalls, principles, and methods. Much of the design guidance relates to specific product classes and regions, while recent work is directed towards generalized principles. The aim of this paper is to fill gaps in product class-specific design guidance by creating larger groups of similar products, which share design characteristics. In this paper, we present a method for classifying products into such groups utilizing cluster analysis. We present a five-step method, which includes optional synthesis of design principles. The potential value of the method is demonstrated in a case study. The result included two distinct product groups, titled Products for Relief and Products for Development, and corresponding design principles for each group.

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Chandana, P., N. Pragnya Sree, V. Ramya, and G. Bhavana. "Analyzing the Extremist Reviewer Groups on Online Products." In 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icirca51532.2021.9544532.

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Chandana, P., N. Pragnya Sree, V. Ramya, and G. Bhavana. "Analyzing the Extremist Reviewer Groups on Online Products." In 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icirca51532.2021.9544816.

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BALLESTER-BOLINCHES, A. "TOTALLY AND MUTUALLY PERMUTABLE PRODUCTS OF FINITE GROUPS." In Proceedings of the International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810243_0012.

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HIRAI, TAKESHI, and ETSUKO HIRAI. "CHARACTER FORMULA FOR WREATH PRODUCTS OF FINITE GROUPS WITH THE INFINITE SYMMETRIC GROUP." In Proceedings of the Third German-Japanese Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701503_0008.

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Hirai, Takeshi, and Etsuko Hirai. "Character formula for wreath products of compact groups with the infinite symmetric group." In Quantum Probability. Warsaw: Institute of Mathematics Polish Academy of Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/bc73-0-15.

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Almeida, Jorge, and Ana Escada. "Semidirect products with the pseudovariety of all finite groups." In Proceedings of the International Colloquium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704979_0001.

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Mariseva, Alla, and Ilze Beitane. "Assessment of ingredients and nutritional value of vegan products in Latvian market." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.018.

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Nowadays, veganism is becoming increasingly popular, because health concerns are usually the primary reason why people turn to vegan diet. The aim of the study was to identify the supply of vegan products on the Latvian market by analysing the ingredients used in the production of the products, nutritional and energy value of vegan products. 192 vegan products made in 20 different countries and available in online stores that offer their goods on the Latvian market were analysed. The research was carried out from January to March 2020. Information on the country of origin, ingredients, nutritional and energy value of the products was taken from product labels. The majority of the vegan products in Latvian online stores comes from Germany. The most important ingredient in the production in product groups such as meat substitutes and dairy alternatives is soya (Glycine max.), which provides high protein content. The vegan products could not be characterized as low in fat, as the average fat content in the various product groups ranged from 7.9±1.7 to 19.7±3.3 g 100 g-1 of product, except beverages. The average energy values for all product groups varied between 210.7 kJ 100 mL-1 for beverages and 1226.0 kJ 100 g-1 for snacks. There would be a need for everyday vegan products in the Latvian market, as most of the products are snacks at the moment, and legumes should be used as ingredient in the production of new vegan products with increased nutritional value.

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STAWICKI, Maciej, and Agnieszka WOJEWÓDZKA-WIEWIÓRSKA. "DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCER GROUPS IN POLAND – MAZOVIA CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.157.

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The aim of the paper was to present the development of agricultural producer groups in Mazovia - region in Central Poland with capital of the Voivodeship in Warsaw. Data and literature analysis, interviews and descriptive methods were used. In the first part the authors present theoretical background of cooperation in agriculture based on social capital. The second part presents the main results of the research: the quantitative development of producer groups in the period 2007-2017, the structure of agricultural products produced by the groups and their legal forms. Currently most of groups operate as limited liability companies and co-operatives. Also the main benefits and barriers concerning creation and development of agricultural producer groups were identified. The main barriers were unwillingness to cooperate, mistrust, and high administrative and legal burdens. On the basis of the study – in order to help develop agricultural groups - it is recommended to strengthen social capital in the rural areas (especially important is overcoming mental barriers and development of trust), educate farmers (management, accounting, etc.) and promote good practice. The conclusions of the study may be applicable in countries where producer groups’ development is low (as Lithuania).

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Pilz, Fabian, Sándor Vajna, and Michael Schabacker. "Achieving Simplicity: Development and Design of Simple Products." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85254.

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Increasing requirements on today’s products, as well as possibilities resulting from globalization and digitization, lead to a growth of increasingly complex products. However, design principles from the field of design engineering call for a product to be designed as simple as possible. It is not yet clear what characteristics and properties a simple product has. The aim of this paper is to clarify the different definitions of simplicity in different disciplines within the product lifecycle and to provide a general description of a simple product from the viewpoint of the different groups.

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Reports on the topic "Products of groups"

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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Exploring the role of the rumen microbiota in determining the feed efficiency of dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594403.bard.

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Expanding world hunger calls for increasing available food resources. Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. One way to tackle the problem of diminishing food resources is to increase the animals' energetic efficiency, i.e., the efficiency with which they convert energy from feed, thereby increasing food availability while lowering the environmental burden, as these animals would produce more and eat less. We hypothesize that the cow's feed efficiency is dependent on the taxonomic composition, coding capacity and activity of its reticulorumenmicrobiota. To test this hypothesis, three aims are defined: (1) Evaluation of the feed efficiency of 146 dairy cows and defining two groups representing the highest and lowest 25% using the Israeli group's unique facility; (2) Comparing these two groups for microbiota diversity, identity and coding capacity using next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approaches; (3) Comparing the reticulorumenmicrobiota metabolic activity parameters. We measured feed efficiency in 146 milking cows and analyzed the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition of rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals' feed-efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in increasing valuable metabolites and decreasing unusable ones such as methane in efficient animals. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.

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Donoghue, E. M., G. L. Benson, and J. L. Chamberlain. Sustainable production of wood and non-wood forest products: Proceedings of IUFRO Division 5 Research Groups 5.11 and 5.12, Rotorua, New Zealand, March 11–15, 2003. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-604.

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Opiyo, Newton. What are the effects of interventions to improve the use of systematic reviews in decision-making by health system managers, policy makers, or clinicians? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170112.

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A number of interventions aiming to increase the use of systematic review evidence in decision making are currently in use. These include summaries of systematic reviews designed to improve the accessibility of the findings (“information products”) and changes to organisational structures, such as employing specialist groups to synthesise evidence in order to inform local decision making.

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Kanner, Joseph, Edwin Frankel, Stella Harel, and Bruce German. Grapes, Wines and By-products as Potential Sources of Antioxidants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7568767.bard.

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Several grape varieties and red wines were found to contain large concentration of phenolic compounds which work as antioxidant in-vitro and in-vivo. Wastes from wine production contain antioxidants in large amounts, between 2-6% on dry material basis. Red wines but also white wines were found to prevent lipid peroxidation of turkey muscle tissues stored at 5oC. The antioxidant reaction of flavonoids found in red wines against lipid peroxidation were found to depend on the structure of the molecule. Red wine flavonoids containing an orthodihydroxy structure around the B ring were found highly active against LDL and membrane lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant activity of red wine polyphenols were also found to be dependent on the catalyzer used. In the presence of H2O2-activated myoglobin, the inhibition efficiency was malvidin 3-glucoside>catechin>malvidin>resveratol. However, in the presence of an iron redox cycle catalyzer, the order of effectiveness was resveratol>malvidin 3-glucoside = malvidin>catechin. Differences in protein binding were found to affect antioxidant activity in inhibiting LDL oxidation. A model protein such as BSA, was investigated on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, grape extracts, and red wines in a lecithin-liposome model system. Ferulic acid followed by malvidin and rutin were the most efficient in inhibiting both lipid and protein oxidation. Catechin, a flavonal found in red-wines in relatively high concentration was found to inhibit myoglobin catalyzed linoleate membrane lipid peroxidation at a relatively very low concentration. This effect was studied by the determination of the by-products generated from linoleate during oxidation. The study showed that hydroperoxides are catalytically broken down, not to an alcohol but most probably to a non-radical adduct. The ability of wine-phenolics to reduce iron and from complexes with metals were also demonstrated. Low concentration of wine phenolics were found to inhibit lipoxygenase type II activity. An attempt to understand the bioavailability in humans of antocyanins from red wine showed that two antocyanins from red wine were found unchanged in human urine. Other antocyanins seems to undergo molecular modification. In hypercholesterolemic hamsters, aortic lipid deposition was significantly less in animals fed diets supplemented with either catechin or vitamin E. The rate of LDL accumulation in the carotid arteries was also significantly lower in the catechin and vitamin E animal groups. These results suggested a novel mechanism by which wine phenolics are associated with decreased risk of coronary heart diseases. This study proves in part our hypothesis that the "French Paradox" could be explained by the action of the antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds found at high concentration in red wines. The results of this study argue that it is in the interest of public health to increase the consumption of dietary plant falvonoids. Our results and these from others, show that the consumption of red wine or plant derived polyphenolics can change the antioxidant tone of animal and human plasma and its isolated components towards oxidative reactions. However, we need more research to better understand bioavailability and the mechanism of how polyphenolics affect health and disease.

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Gandini, Camilla, Andrea Monje Silva, and Pablo Guerrero. Gender and Transport in Haiti: Gender Diagnostic and Gender Action Plan. Edited by Amanda Beaujon Marin. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003069.

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This technical note encompasses Haiti's gender assessment, evaluates the success of gender specific actions implemented between 2011-2017, and presents a Gender and Transport Action Plan (GAP). The GAPs main aim is to guide investments in Haiti's transport sector in conceptualizing and designing gender-sensitive transport projects. By proposing specific gender actions and outcomes, the GAP establishes a clear path to integrate a gender dimension into operations design, implementation and, monitoring and evaluation. The GAP presents an overall plan to support the development of Haitian women. However, it focuses in the needs of women as transport services users and devotes specific attention to two female sub-groups, comprised by Haitian women engaged in informal trade of local and regional products. These women are known as Madan Sara (MS), and local female mango producers and traders (MPT). The decision of focusing on MS is related to their vital role in the Haitian local labor market and the peculiarity of their work, which has specific transport needs. Understanding and addressing these female groups transport constrains could strategically improve the outcomes of upcoming transport investments and bring more benefits to its beneficiaries.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy, and Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.

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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset, and Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.

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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.

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Ruzante, Juliana M., Ellen Thomas Shumaker, Sidney Holt, Susan Mayer, Adam Kokotovich, Maude Cuchiara, Andrew R. Binder, Jennifer Kuzma, and Khara Grieger. Eliciting Stakeholder Perceptions Using a Novel Online Engagement Platform: A Case Study on Nano-Agrifoods. RTI Press, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0071.2201.

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Stakeholder engagement is an important component in developing policies on critical issues such as the use and development of novel methods and technologies, including biotechnologies and nanotechnologies. Understanding the perspectives, needs, and concerns of stakeholder groups can facilitate the development of transparent and trusted policy recommendations. Innovative online research platforms have been developed as alternatives to typical stakeholder engagement methods such as in-person focus groups, interviews, and online and paper surveys. These platforms facilitate the engagement of geographically and linguistically (i.e., individuals who speak different languages) diverse stakeholders using a wide range of methods, from virtual focus groups to surveys. Stakeholders can participate at their own leisure and anonymously, which can facilitate more open interactions on issues where viewpoints may differ. In this work, we used an online stakeholder engagement platform (OSEP) to engage stakeholders and capture their perceptions and views about the application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture (nano-agrifood) and the role of responsible innovation in the development of nano-agrifood products. The OSEP provided a reliable and interactive environment for stakeholders to share their views and exchange ideas. Such OSEPs should be further explored as novel tools for engaging stakeholders on a range of issues from emerging technologies to public health.

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Zilberman, David, Amir Heiman, and Yanhong Jin. Use of Branding and Sampling in Agricultural Fresh Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7697116.bard.

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The original proposal has three main objectives: a conceptual framework on willingness to pay (WTP) for fruits and vegetables, the introduction of branding and sampling in fresh food, and empirical applications to the United States and Israel. We modified our research plan over time based on availability of data and emergence of new problems. We expanded the range of products to include poultry and the range of techniques to use real experiments as well as more traditional surveys. We expanded the range of problems to understand attitudes toward genetically modified (GM) food. There is a growing interest in introduction of marketing tools like demonstration sampling, money-back guarantees, labeling, and brands in agriculture. These marketing tools are important for enhancing demand for agricultural products and food safety. However, the methodology needed to assess the effectiveness of these tools and understand their performance in different agricultural sectors is limited. Our analysis demonstrated the importance of brands as a marketing tool in agriculture. In particular, we showed conceptually that strong brands can be substitutes for other marketing tools like sampling or demonstration. We were able to conduct real experiments for the demand for safe chicken and show that consumers are willing to pay significantly more for products branded as more safe. Yet, using experiments in Israel and the United States, we found that WTP for brands of fresh fruits and vegetables is smaller than in other product categories. Warning labels are a sort of negative branding. The GM-free labeling is particularly important since it serves as a trade barrier to U.S. crops exports. Our analysis of acceptance of GM products found that WTP for GM products in Israel and the United States depends on framing of information about the impact ofGM and the quantity of information disclosed. Finally, in analyzing the evolution of support for Proposition 37 that aimed to introduce mandatory labeling of GM in California, we found that support for mandatory labeling ofGM products is broad as long as it is not perceived to be costly. Our project demonstrates the feasibility of conducting real experiments to assess consumer demand in agriculture. When looking at interdisciplinary groups, one can design new products and assess the WTP for their characteristics. We also show that, while branding is a very strong marketing tool, its use in fresh fruit and vegetables is likely to be limited. However, brands can be important with processed food. Furthermore, we have proven that, while some consumers strongly object to GM products, most consumers in the United States and Israel would be willing to buy them for a discount, and some would pay extra if they are associated with improved characteristics. Finally, we expanded the notion of warning labels to calorie information and showed that the response to calorie information depends on gender, education, and how the information is presented.

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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.

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