Relevant bibliographies by topics / Products

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Products"

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VIDHUSEKHAR P, VIDHUSEKHAR P. "Product Standardization and Marketing Approach for Tourism Products." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2014/86.

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Vidhusekhar P, Vidhusekhar P. "Product Standardization and Marketing Approach for Tourism Products." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 7 (June 15, 2012): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/july2014/58.

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CHILDS, Thomas H. C., Kenneth W. DALGARNO, and Alison MCKAY. "Delivering Mass-Produced Bespoke and Appealing Products." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2005.1 (2005): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2005.1.11.

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Shukla, Abhishek, and N. R. Toke N. R. Toke. "Plant Products as a Potential Stored Product Insect Management Agents." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 2 (January 15, 2012): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2013/2.

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Marín, Víctor, and Héctor Pinedo. "Groupoids: Direct products, semidirect products and solvability." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 33, no. 2 (2022): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1772.

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We present some constructions of groupoids such as: direct product, semidirect product and give necessary and sufficient conditions for a groupoid to be embedded into a direct product of groupoids. Also, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions to determine when a semidirect product is direct. Finally the notion of solvable groupoid is introduced and studied, in particular it is shown that a finite groupoid G is solvable if and only if its isotropy groups are.
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Tomas, Ratinger, Tomka Adam, and Boskova Iveta. "Sustainable consumption of bakery products; a challenge for Czech consumers and producers." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 62, No. 10 (October 14, 2016): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/244/2015-agricecon.

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SEIBOTH, T. R., A. J. NARESSI, L. C. LOEBLEIN, M. L. S. EVANGELISTA, and S. L. JAHN. "PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: FILLING AUTOMATED VISCOUS FOOD PRODUCTS." Revista Gestão, Inovação e Tecnologias 4, no. 5 (December 22, 2014): 1435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7198/s2237-0722201400050012.

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Mays, Ken. "New Products [New Products]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 15, no. 6 (September 2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2014.2333580.

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Mays, Ken. "New Products [New Products]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 15, no. 7 (November 2014): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2014.2355992.

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Mays, Ken. "New Products [New Products]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 16, no. 2 (March 2015): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2014.2377666.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Products"

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Goffin, Keith. "Planning Product Support for Medical Products." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4468.

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Product support is a key aspect in the marketing of high-technology products, since it strongly influences customer satisfaction and can also be an important source of revenue. Typical forms of support include operator training, equipment maintenance and, if necessary, repair - all of these are normally provided by manufacturers' support organizations. Good support is particularly important in some markets; an example is medical equipment where good operator training and quick repairs are essential because products are used in critical situations. Despite its importance, support has not been extensively researched. This study describes a management investigation of two aspects. Several authors have identified that product support is dependent on product design. Consequently, the same authors emphasize that support should be thoroughly evaluated during product design. This study identifies the range of factors that may be evaluated and shows that most of the companies surveyed do not fully evaluate support during the design stage. These results are not covered by previously published material and have implications for management. As support influences customer satisfaction, it is important to know how customers perceive support. The study investigated the customer attributes of good support, using interviews with medical equipment customers. The results show that a common set of attributes are associated with support, some relating to the product itself and some to the support organization. The characteristics of products which are easier to support were also identified from the interviews. The contribution of the research is that it made an exploratory investigation of the concept product support. It not only gave the first survey data on how companies plan support but also investigated customers' perceptions of product support. Consequently the study provides a foundation from which there is real scope for further management research, into what is becoming recognized as a vital element of high-technology marketing.
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Marti, Michael. "Complexity management : optimizing product architecture of industrial products /." Wiesbaden Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8350-5435-6.

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Lazo, Zamalloa Oxana. "Development of new products from aquaculture fish species." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/471460.

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Europeans are regular consumers of fish and aquaculture products. Therefore, five species of potential aquaculture rearing named: Meagre, Pikeperch, Grey Mullet, Greater Amberjack and Wreckfish were selected for new product development. This work incorporated opinions of both experts and naïve assessors thus, including specific demands and consumer preferences, in selected markets of the European Union (UK, Germany, Spain, France and Italy). Different fish product prototypes were developed from the fish species accordingly with suggested ideas and based on the physicochemical and sensory properties of the selected species. Six of these products were chosen, based on their level of processing and addressed market. Consumers perception of all six of them was also assessed in the five selected countries. As it turned out the image/perception of the different products, differed in an important way between countries, as well as their impact on the product acceptance and purchase probability
Los pasíses de la Unión Europea son consumidores habituales de productos de acuicultura. Es por ello que, se seleccionaron cinco especies con potencial acuícola: Corvina, Lucioperca, Mújol, Seriola y Cherna para el desarrollo de nuevos productos. Este trabajo incluyó opiniones tanto de expertos como de consumidores habituales, incluyendo asñi demandas específicas y preferencias en mercados seleccionados de la UE (Alemania, España, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido. Se desarrollaron distintos prototipos de productos basados en ideas sugeridas y en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de las especies. Seis de estos fueron seleccionados basados en su nivel de procesamiento y mercado. La percepción de consumidores sobre los productos fue evaluada en los 5 países de la UE.La percepción de la imagen de los productos difirió notablemente entre países, así como en la aceptabilidad e intención de compra
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Oliva, Viera Ivette Lorena. "Factores que determinaron el incremento de las importaciones de los productos farmacéuticos chinos en el Perú, entre el 2013 al 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628116.

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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar aquellos factores que generaron el incremento de las importaciones de los productos farmacéuticos chinos en el Perú, entre los años 2013 al 2017. En principio, se analizaron las fuentes secundarias de la industria farmacéutica y las teorías de aplicación para entender mejor la industria y conocer los factores más relevantes que están impulsando el incremento de dichas importaciones chinas, sobre todo por tener un impacto directo con la salud y el bienestar de las personas. De acuerdo a la investigación exhaustiva en el marco teórico, se determinó que el capital y la mano de obra, diversificación, los costos logísticos, el régimen de políticas y la capacidad industrial, son factores determinantes que contribuyen al incremento de las importaciones de los productos farmacéuticos chinos en el Perú. En tanto, la metodología de trabajo aplicada corresponde a un estudio de tipo cualitativo – descriptivo, con diseño no experimental y que utiliza como instrumento de investigación a la entrevista en profundidad, cuyo resultado demostró que cuatro de los cinco factores son considerados determinantes con relación a nuestro tema de estudio. Es decir, el factor de la diversificación no fue considerado determinante para el presente tema de estudio. Debido a la investigación, se recomienda que la industria farmacéutica nacional y privada realice mejores prácticas empresariales con respecto a la utilización de estos factores de modo que puedan no sólo emular lo hecho por China, sino lograr elevar su competitividad en el mercado peruano hacia una industria farmacéutica más fortalecida.
This research aims to determine those factors that generated the increase in imports of Chinese pharmaceutical products in Peru, between 2013 and 2017. In principle, secondary sources of the pharmaceutical industry and application theories were analyzed to better understand the industry and to know the most relevant factors that are driving the increase in these Chinese imports, especially for having a direct impact on health and health. people's well-being According to the exhaustive research in the theoretical framework, it was determined that capital and labor, diversification, logistics costs, policy regime and industrial capacity are determining factors that contribute to the increase in product imports. Chinese pharmacists in Peru. Meanwhile, the applied work methodology corresponds to a qualitative - descriptive study, with a non-experimental design and that uses the in-depth interview as a research instrument, the result of which showed that four of the five factors are considered determinants in relation to Our subject of study. That is, the diversification factor was not considered decisive for the present subject of study. Due to the research, it is recommended that the national and private pharmaceutical industry make better business practices regarding the use of these factors so that they can not only emulate what China has done, but also increase their competitiveness in the Peruvian market towards an industry most strengthened pharmaceutical.
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Sun, Luying. "Product + Service: The Intangible Smart in Everyday Products." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406819515.

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Ostermeier, Lydia. "(Relaxed) Product Structures of Graphs and Hypergraphs." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-167934.

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In this thesis, we investigate graphs and hypergraphs that have (relaxed) product structures. In the class of graphs, we discuss in detail \\emph{RSP-relations}, a relaxation of relations fulfilling the square property and therefore of the product relation $\\sigma$, that identifies the copies of the prime factors of a graph w.r.t. the Cartesian product. For $K_{2,3}$-free graphs finest RSP-relations can be computed in polynomial-time. In general, however, they are not unique and their number may even grow exponentially. Explicit constructions of such relations in complete and complete bipartite graphs are given. Furthermore, we establish the close connection of (\\emph{well-behaved}) RSP-relations to \\mbox{(quasi-)covers} of graphs and equitable partitions. Thereby, we characterize the existence of non-trivial RSP-relations by means of the existence of spanning subgraphs that yield quasi-covers of the graph under investigation. We show, how equitable partitions on the vertex set of a graph $G$ arise in a natural way from well-behaved RSP-relations on $E(G)$. These partitions in turn give rise to quotient graphs that have rich product structure even if $G$ itself is prime. This product structure of the quotient graph is still retained even for RSP-relations that are not well-behaved. Furthermore, we will see that a (finest) RSP-relation of a product graph can be obtained easily from (finest) RSP-relations on the prime factors w.r.t. certain products and in what manner the quotient graphs of the product w.r.t. such an RSP-relation result from the quotient graphs of the factors and the respective product. In addition, we examine relations on the edge sets of \\emph{hyper}graphs that satisfy the grid property, the hypergraph analog of the square property. We introduce the \\emph{strong} and the \\emph{relaxed} grid property as variations of the grid property, the latter generalizing the relaxed square property. We thereby show, that many, although not all results for graphs and the (relaxed) square property can be transferred to hypergraphs. Similar to the graph case, any equivalence relation $R$ on the edge set of a hypergraph $H$ that satisfies the relaxed grid property induces a partition of the vertex set of $H$ which in turn determines quotient hypergraphs that have non-trivial product structures. Besides, we introduce the notion of \\emph{(Cartesian) hypergraph bundles}, the analog of (Cartesian) graph bundles and point out the connection between the grid property and hypergraph bundles. Finally, we show that every connected thin hypergraph $H$ has a unique prime factorization with respect to the normal and strong (hypergraph) product. Both products coincide with the usual strong \\emph{graph} product whenever $H$ is a graph. We introduce the notion of the Cartesian skeleton of hypergraphs as a natural generalization of the Cartesian skeleton of graphs and prove that it is uniquely defined for thin hypergraphs. Moreover, we show that the Cartesian skeleton of thin hypergraphs and its PFD w.r.t. the strong and the normal product can be computed in polynomial time.
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Hough, Darren William. "Aesthetics and product usability." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23107.

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Akata, Akanay. "Gendering Of Products: In Industrial Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1033323/index.pdf.

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This study examines gender typing of industrial products in the activity of industrial design. Thus firstly, the meaning of gender, related theories and gender stereotypes have been reviewed through the literature survey in order to pinpoint the stereotypical attributes assigned to men and women through society and culture. Secondly, the effect of the stereotypical gender attributes on the act of possessing products have been examined. In return, a literature survey on the cognitive aspects of design has been conducted in order to question whether these gender attributes might have a similar impact on the design activity. The findings of the literature survey pointed towards categorical information processing theories as an appropriate tool to gender type products and also as a tool to measure the gender qualities of a product. To test the applicability of the methodology of categorization a study has been conducted with industrial designers and industrial design students in which the students were asked to design gender typed products and industrial designers were asked to rate their perceptions of genderedness of the designs. The test revealed the existence of a mental library consisting of categorized images corresponding to stereotypical gender attributes in the individuals, thus preparing the grounds for the use of this process in the industrial design activity.
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Cedergren, Stefan. "Performance in Product Development - The Case of Complex Products." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11215.

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This research addresses the concept of performance in the development of complex products. More specifically, its aim is to study how performance is perceived and measured within large global companies, and how performance measurement systems can be designed in a systematic way. The exploratory results regard how performance is currently perceived and measured. It is argued that performance measurements are focused on the later stages of the development of complex products, thus making it difficult to perform changes during the development. The focus is on lagging rather than leading indicators of performance, hence it is concluded that focus is on reporting the result rather than the causes of the result. In line with these findings is the weak link between what managers perceive as success factors and what is measured, the perception of performance being influenced by what is measured, rather than the reverse. The prescriptive results focus on the development of models and frameworks to be used during the development of complex products. A general method for developing performance indicators is presented. The concept of Products in Development is proposed, this making it possible to monitor how value is created during the development of a product. Both these models aim at complementing the currently used performance measurement system in order to support effective and efficient development of complex products. The method used in this research is mainly focused around the collection of qualitative data through a focused group interview, multiple case studies,and industrial reference-group seminars. A survey has also been used to complement the qualitative with quantitative data. The use of various research methods has made it possible to triangulate the data, thus strengthening the validity of the findings.
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Khurum, Mahvish. "Decision Support for Product Management of Software Intensive Products." Doctoral thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00511.

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Context: At the core of choosing what features and level of quality to realize, and thus offer a market or customer, rests on the ability to take decisions. Decision-making is complicated by the diverse understanding of issues such as priority, consequence of realization, and interpretations of strategy as pertaining to the short-term and long-term development of software intensive products. The complexity is further compounded by the amount of decision support material that has to be taken into account, and the sheer volume of possible alternatives that have to be triaged and prioritized; thousands or even tens of thousands of requirements can be the reality facing a company. There is a need to develop the functionality that is strategically most significant, while satisfying customers and being competitive, time efficient, cost effective, and risk minimizing. In order to achieve a balance between these factors, all the stakeholders, within an organization, need to agree on the strategic aspects and value considerations to be considered, and their corresponding relative importance. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to provide enhanced decision support for product managers faced with decision-making challenges. This involves, but is not limited to, enhancing the alignment between the product and portfolio management with respect to product strategies, and enabling the use of value as a basis for product management and development related decisions. Method: A number of empirical studies, set in industry, have been performed. The research methods used span from systematic mapping, and systematic reviews to case studies, all aligned to identify possibilities for improvement, devise solutions, and incrementally evaluate said solutions. Close collaboration with industry partners was at the core of the research presented in this thesis. Result: The MASS method presented in this thesis can be used to evaluate strategic alignment and identify possible root causes for misalignment. To strengthen strategic alignment, the Software Value Map and corresponding decision support material, proposed in the thesis, can be used by product managers for making effective and efficient strategic decisions in relation to portfolios, products and process improvement, following a systematic and aligned process. Conclusions: The area of software product management, in the context of market-driven software intensive product development, is a field with unique challenges. The specifics of the solutions are based on industry case studies performed to gauge state-of-the-art, as well as identify the main challenges. The decision support developed takes the form of maps and frameworks that support software product management on product and portfolio level decisions, strategic alignment, value-based requirements selection, and value-based process improvement.
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Books on the topic "Products"

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Forestry Policy and Planning Division., ed. Forest products prices =: Prix des produits forestiers = Precios de productos forestales, 1973-1992. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1995.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Forestry Policy and Planning Division., ed. Forest products prices =: Prix des produits forestiers = Precios de productos forestales, 1971-1990. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1992.

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Kuczmarski, Thomas D. Managing new products: Competing through excellence. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Wenzel, Henrik. Environmental assessment of products. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.

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Society, Iron and Steel. Steel product manual: Tin mill products. Warrendale, PA: Iron & Steel Society, 2002.

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Michael, Peters, ed. Marketing decisions for new and mature products. 2nd ed. New York: MacMillan, 1991.

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Kuczmarski, Thomas D. Managing new products: The power of innovation. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1992.

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Jordi, Montaña, ed. Universal design: The H.U.M.B.L.E.S. method for user-centred business. Farnham: Gower, 2011.

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Howard, John A., and Elizabeth E. Hood, eds. Commercial Plant-Produced Recombinant Protein Products. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43836-7.

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United States. National Weather Service, ed. Centrally produced guidance and analysis products. [Silver Spring, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Products"

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Demski, Joel S. "Product Costing: Heterogeneous Products." In Managerial Uses of Accounting Information, 107–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3641-9_6.

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Waterworth, Derek. "Products and Product Policy." In Marketing for the Small Business, 157–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18881-9_8.

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Meikle, Jim, and Gerard de Valence. "Construction products and producers." In Describing Construction, 14–39. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003102403-2.

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Howells, Geraint, Christian Twigg-Flesner, and Chris Willett. "Product Liability and Digital Products." In EU Internet Law, 183–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64955-9_8.

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Switzer, Robert M. "Products." In Algebraic Topology — Homotopy and Homology, 233–305. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61923-6_14.

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Mac Lane, Saunders. "Products." In Homology, 220–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-62029-4_9.

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Denneberg, Dieter. "Products." In Non-Additive Measure and Integral, 145–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2434-0_12.

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Dold, Albrecht. "Products." In Lectures on Algebraic Topology, 186–246. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67821-9_7.

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Armstrong, M. A. "Products." In Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, 52–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4034-9_10.

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Hausmann, Jean-Claude. "Products." In Mod Two Homology and Cohomology, 127–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09354-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Products"

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Campbell, Grady H. "Products as product lines." In 2013 4th International Workshop on Product LinE Approaches in Software Engineering (PLEASE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/please.2013.6608662.

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Workalemahu, Robel Negussie, Cipriano Forza, and Nikola Suzic. "Product configurators for additively manufactured products." In SPLC '22: 26th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503229.3547038.

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"GATHERING PRODUCT DATA FROM SMART PRODUCTS." In 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001700302520257.

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Breit, H., M. Eineder, T. Fritz, B. Schattler, M. Huber, and J. Mittermayer. "TerraSAR-X Products and Product Performance Update." In 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2006.496.

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Maitra, Debajyoti, and Phani P. Gudipati. "Stainless Steel Extrusions and Product Properties for High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) Applications." In ASME 2018 Symposium on Elevated Temperature Application of Materials for Fossil, Nuclear, and Petrochemical Industries. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etam2018-6704.

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Extrusion process produces semi-finished product that provides significant savings in machining and fabrication of the finished components. Plymouth Engineered Shapes (PES) employs forward extrusion techniques to produce products up to 40 feet long that are utilized in power generation, nuclear, and petrochemical applications where it is critical to meet or exceed ASME piping, boiler and pressure vessels code specifications. The extrusion process has been successfully employed to manufacture components such as various types of valve bodies, manifolds, adapters and more that are targeted for elevated temperature applications up to 1200°F and under high pressures up to 10,000 PSIG. Critical product characteristics include flatness, straightness, twist, angularity, surface quality and dimensions over the full length. This paper presents an overview of the carbon steel and stainless steel extrusion process, the room temperature and elevated temperature mechanical properties, metallographic characterization, testing requirements and the applications of such products. Properties are also be compared to those produced by the conventional hot rolling and forging operations.
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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Personal Modular Design." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51199.

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This is a position paper. Although modular design is getting wide attention these days, most of the discussions and applications are focused on efficiency, cost reduction, etc., which has been regarded important in the traditional product development or in the producer’s framework. Their focus is how they can prepare wider variety with less time, money and energy. They believe if a wide variety of products are offered. the customer would select the one that would fit them best. Thus, not too much attention is paid to the customer expectations. The current producer do not sell dreams. They just increases the choices. This can be compared to what animals are doing. Animals can use tools, but these tools are found in nature. Animals do not make tools, but humans do, because humans can see the future, while animals cannot. Engineering is an activity to satisfy customer dreams. In this sense, the current industry is not achieving what engineering is supposed to achieve. In addition, as human needs step up, humans would like to actualize themselves. But in the earlier or lower step, their needs are products so products satisfy them. But when they step more and more upward, they find value in the processes. So products alone will not satisfy them enough. They would like to make their dreams come true by themselves. Thus, how we can get customers involved in the production becomes important. In short, we have to consider how we can mix high tech and low tech and work them harmoniously. Some modules needs high tech. Thus expertise is needed. But others can be developed and produced by customers. Then, customers will be very happy because they are players in the game and they feel they themselves are developing a product to realize their own dream. Of course, personal fabrication technology can be used for this purpose. But theirs and my idea are basically different. Their idea is to produce a product by ourselves. But the approach proposed here is focused on our industrial products. The issue here is how we can bring our customers into our product development, which current industries are practicing. If we can design a product, which is composed of modules which needs high tech and expertise and those which can be produced with low tech, then we can bring our customers into low tech and low expertise module production. Although customers are not producing the whole product, they feel happier because they are now making their dream come true themselves. Thus, industries can sell processes. And it should be stressed that this is not a reconfigurable design. The low tech and low expertise modules are really produced by our customers. They do not select modules to produce a product as we do with Lego. This design of mixture of low tech module and high tech module serves for globalization as well. Some developing countries cannot produce high tech modules, because their resources are not enough. But if some modules can be produced with low tech, then they can produce them locally and that will increase employment and the market will expand.
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Olaru, Sabina, and Ionela Badea. "Circular product design assessment applied to clothing products." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.15.

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One of the major Strategic Innovation Theme and corresponding Research Priority for the next years is Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency, according to Euratex. Recently, the European Commission launched the new "Industrial Strategy for a globally competitive, green and digital Europe", that will help deliver on three key priorities: maintaining European industry's global competitiveness and a level playing field, at home and globally, making Europe climate-neutral by 2050 and shaping Europe's digital future. In this context, innovation and market potential of the European textile and clothing industry involve the frequent use of the terms “Circular Economy”. Forward, the sector will operate according to a globalised and efficient circular economic model which maximises the use of local resources, exploits advanced manufacturing techniques and engages in cross-sectorial collaborations and strategic clusters. Although the benefits of the circular economy are fairly well understood, in reality there are few industrial examples of companies that have implemented a circular economy paradigm. Circular product design provides long-term sustainability performance for products, by applying the principle of "designing out waste". This paper presents the application of circular product design assessment for clothing, by using two practical tools to assess products' circularity: HotSpot Mapping and Circularity Calculator (developed by Delft University of Technology, Netherlands). Generally, clothing products need major redesign to fit the circular economy, so it is essential to assess the potential of the various circular strategies such as Reuse, Repair, Remanufacture and Recycle.
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Grienitz, V., and V. Blume. "Strategic planning of future products with product scenarios." In Technology (ICMIT 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2008.4654393.

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Farrell, Ronald S., and Timothy W. Simpson. "Improving Commonality in Custom Products Using Product Platforms." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21125.

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Abstract Many companies find it difficult to maintain commonality and economies of scale in products with strict customer design requirements that may vary greatly from contract-to-contract or piece-to-piece. These strict and varied requirements typically result in highly customized products that are costly to manufacture, involve short production runs, and require long delivery times. In this paper we discuss how the strategic incorporation of product platforms into the design process can leverage the design effort of individually customized products. As an example, we discuss the design of yoke cross-section platforms used to mount valve actuators in the nuclear power industry. Through this example we demonstrate the process of creating a market segmentation grid, choosing a targeted segment, creating a product platform for the yoke cross-section, and defining the yoke product family. The proposed modular architecture for pattern construction reduces the number of new yoke patterns needed for manufacturing, which will generate the most significant savings. Implementation of the yoke platforms will also reduce design cycle time and costs, shorten quotation and lead times, and improve overall customer satisfaction and good will. The end result is a product platform design process that will improve response to customer requests, reduce design cost, and improve time to market for companies that make small production runs of highly customized products.
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Jansto, S. "Process Optimization and Product Metallurgy in Long Products." In AISTech2019. AIST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/377/242.

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Reports on the topic "Products"

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Im, Hyunjooo, and Hye-young Kim. Fashion Digital Products: Rethinking Product Categories and Characteristics. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-495.

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Science, Fera. Analysis of CBD Products. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.cis490.

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The Food Standards Agency commissioned Fera Science Ltd. to carry out a survey to obtain a snapshot of CBD products on sale in England and Wales in order to inform FSA risk assessment of CBD products. Thirty CBD products were purchased from a range of online sellers from England and Wales. Samples comprised of two broad categories: oils and sprays, and edibles (including beverages). The sampling followed a scheme suggested by FSA. This is not a statistically representative sample of the market and instead provides a snapshot of the current market, to assist the design of future sampling and surveillance activity. There is the potential for residues of chemicals to be present in CBD products as a result of their natural occurrence in the raw material or arising from the manufacturing process, for example, mycotoxins, metals, pesticides, and the residues of solvents used to extract CBD. This study informs the FSA’s understanding of the type and levels of contaminants that may arise in CBD products. A wide range of analysis on CBD products was undertaken using accredited methods, for heavy metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, mycotoxins, CBD content and cannabinoid profiles. Analysis for residual solvents and additional mycotoxins was also carried out, but these were not accredited. The results of testing found the following: Heavy metals (cadmium, mercury & lead) and arsenic were not detected in the majority of samples, meaning levels were below the limits of quantification of the method. Seven samples contained lead, four samples arsenic and two samples contained cadmium. Mercury was not found in any sample. A definitive statement as to whether products exceed maximum levels cannot be made due to uncertainty as to whether products would be classified as a food (i.e. oil) or a food supplement. A low incidence of low levels of mycotoxins, with Fusarium mycotoxins found more frequently than aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, mostly at the methods reporting limit. Three samples were found to contain ochratoxin A at the methods reporting limit. A total of seven pesticide residues were found across all of the products (each product was tested for over 400 pesticides). There are no specific Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) for CBD products. One oil product was found to have PAHs above the regulated levels, if classed as a product for direct consumption. If classed as a food supplement the PAHs were within regulated levels. Three samples contained residual solvents. One product was over the MRL. Most products contained CBD close to the declared value. Two oils had substantially different levels than that declared (one higher and one lower). CBD was not detected in one of the drink products. These are potentially non-compliant with compositional and standards requirements. Delta 9-THC was detected in 87 % (26) of the samples analysed. Of these 40% (12) were found to have THC+ (the total sum of illicit cannabinoids in the product) above the 1mg threshold outlined in current Home Office guidance (Opens in a new window).
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Harriss, Lydia, and Erin Johnson. Fire Safety of Construction Products. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn575.

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Fires at Grenfell Tower in 2017, Lakanal House in 2009, and other residential tower blocks have raised questions about how construction products affect the severity and spread of fires. This briefing considers how the fire safety of construction products is regulated; how products are tested and classified; and challenges for product testing and the building regulations more widely.
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Berger, Kimberly H. Hardcopy Extraction Considerations for Vector Product Format (VPF) Products. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada288620.

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Skone, Timothy J. Chromium products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509341.

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Skone, Timothy J. Steel products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509452.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense Handbook. DoD-Produced CD-ROM Products. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada308209.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy, and Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.
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Lain, Justin, Daryl R. Strohbehn, Dennis DeWitt, Russ Euken, Denise Schwab, and Daniel D. Loy. A Producer Survey of Feeding Corn Co-Products in Iowa. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-424.

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None, None. Forest products technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216345.

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